CN118225735B - Cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction system and method based on image data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of image data processing, and discloses a cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction system and method based on image data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: continuous interference spectrogram acquisition is carried out on the materials before and after the reaction through a three-dimensional optical coherence tomography system; based on the acquired continuous interference spectrogram, carrying out phase difference operation on a three-dimensional continuous area in the material to obtain phase difference spectrograms of a plurality of adjacent continuous cross sections; selecting and obtaining a retrieval unit set from phase difference sub-graphs of a plurality of adjacent continuous cross sections; estimating the distribution of the number of residues by combining the retrieval units; after the distribution of the residual number is estimated, pixel offset on the image is carried out along the offset track of the minimum residual number, so that phase information reconstruction is realized. The invention has the capability of monitoring the displacement of the pixel block in the three-dimensional space and the phase reconstruction capability of correcting and compensating the offset track, and can greatly enhance the dynamic measurement range of the optical coherence tomography in space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image data processing, in particular to a cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction system and method based on image data.
Background
Optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCE) is a non-contact measurement technique for visualizing internal defects in materials or tissues and quantifying their mechanical behavior. Although this technique has a displacement measurement sensitivity on the order of nanometers, its spatial resolution on the order of micrometers limits the dynamic measurement range. When high strain rate materials exhibit a large amount of deformation during testing, reference pixels on their phase-monitored images tend to shift beyond integer pixels, resulting in random phase differences and inducing speckle decorrelation. To overcome speckle decorrelation and implement phase reconstruction, researchers have developed a number of image tracking type algorithms for monitoring the displacement between pixels, recovering phase information by alignment and shifting of pixel offset trajectories. For example, a phase resolution/displacement tracking hybrid approach was developed for PhS-OCE. The method estimates the pixel displacement of a larger depth region by superimposing the phase change of the material in the smaller depth region in the axial direction. However, this method is not applicable to the case where the displacement contains a lateral component. Later, a new displacement tracking method uses the number of residues of the phase image as the matching quality by adopting a pixel subset matching mode, so as to track the axial and transverse pixel displacement. The method has better working performance in the low-contrast area of the image, and can automatically acquire the phase difference for image reconstruction in the pixel offset tracking process. Although the method has the characteristic of two-dimensional displacement tracking in an image plane, in most cases, the measured material generally has irregular structural composition and complex multi-dimensional deformation distribution, and when the measured material has pixel level offset perpendicular to a monitoring plane, the displacement tracking technology cannot obtain accurate phase information. Therefore, a further exploration of a spatial pixel level displacement tracking method is needed, and a cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction technology facing to the PhS-OCT technology is developed. .
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction system based on image data, realizes the technical breakthrough from pixel subset displacement tracking on a two-dimensional plane to pixel bulk displacement tracking on a three-dimensional space, is used for tracking pixel displacement in any direction in the space, and enhances the dynamic measurement range of an optical coherence tomography technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
The cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction system based on the image data comprises a three-dimensional optical coherence tomography system, a phase differential operation module, a retrieval unit selection module, a residue number distribution estimation module and a phase information reconstruction module;
Wherein,
The three-dimensional optical coherence tomography system is used for collecting continuous interference spectrograms of materials before and after reaction;
the phase difference operation module is used for carrying out phase difference operation on the three-dimensional continuous area in the material;
The search unit selection module is used for selecting a search unit set from phase difference sub-graphs of a plurality of adjacent continuous cross sections;
The residue number distribution estimation module is used for estimating residue number distribution by combining the retrieval units;
the phase information reconstruction module is used for carrying out pixel offset on the image along the offset track of the minimum number of residues so as to realize phase information reconstruction.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a method for reconstructing a three-dimensional differential phase across pixels based on image data, which is implemented by using the above system for reconstructing a three-dimensional differential phase across pixels based on image data, comprising:
continuous interference spectrogram acquisition is carried out on the materials before and after the reaction through a three-dimensional optical coherence tomography system;
Based on the acquired continuous interference spectrogram, carrying out phase difference operation on a three-dimensional continuous area in the material by a phase difference operation module to obtain phase difference spectrograms of a plurality of adjacent continuous cross sections;
selecting a search unit set from phase difference sub-graphs of a plurality of adjacent continuous cross sections through a search unit selection module;
The search unit is combined, and the residue number distribution is estimated through the residue number distribution estimation module;
After the distribution of the number of residues is estimated, the phase information reconstruction module performs pixel offset on the image along the offset track of the minimum number of residues, so that the phase information reconstruction is realized.
Further, the phase difference operation formula is as follows:
（1）
In the formula (1), the components are as follows, The phase before the strain is indicated,The phase after the strain is indicated,Represent the firstSplit phase difference) Phase at (c).
Further, selecting and obtaining a search unit set from phase difference images of a plurality of adjacent continuous cross sections, wherein the search unit set comprises:
Corresponding decorrelation areas are confirmed in phase difference partial graphs of adjacent multiple continuous cross sections, and one corresponding area is selected from the corresponding decorrelation areas to serve as a search unit, so that a search unit set is obtained.
Further, estimating the distribution of the number of residues includes:
Search unit is performed in selected decorrelated search space 、、The method comprises the steps of moving search in three directions, and estimating the number of spatial residues once every moving, wherein the number of the spatial residues is used as a standard for estimating the degree of spatial decorrelation, and the estimation process is expressed as follows:
（2）
In (2), the [ (surface ] is a round symbol, 、、Phase representing search positionAt the position ofWhether the position is represented as a residual point or not, wherein the numerical value is 0 or +/-1, 0 is represented as a non-residual point, and +/-1 is represented as a positive residual point and a negative residual point;
Then, the residual points in the three directions are overlapped to obtain the number of the residual points and the distribution condition in space, which is expressed as:
（3）
By the formulas (2) and (3), with the number of residues at the initial position as a reference, the search unit finds out the position with the minimum distribution of the number of residues in the decorrelation search space, calculates the spatial offset track of the position compared with the initial position, and performs phase recovery.
To achieve the above object, the present invention additionally provides an electronic device including a processor and a memory; the memory is used for storing program codes and transmitting the program codes to the processor; the processor is used for executing the cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction method based on the image data according to the instructions in the program code.
To achieve the above object, the present invention additionally provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code for performing the above-described cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction method based on image data.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme has the following principle and advantages:
The prior technical proposal only has the displacement tracking capability of axial single dimension on a one-dimensional straight line or axial and transverse double dimension on a two-dimensional plane. However, in most practical measurements, the measured material typically has an irregular structural composition or a complex multidimensional deformation distribution inside. When there is a pixel level displacement perpendicular to the monitor plane, the prior art methods cannot evaluate the spatial deformation. The cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction method for the optical coherence tomography is provided with the capability of monitoring the displacement of the pixel block in a three-dimensional space and the phase reconstruction capability of correcting and compensating the offset track, so that the dynamic measurement range of the optical coherence tomography technology in space is greatly enhanced.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the services required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the figures in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other figures can be obtained according to these figures without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction system based on image data according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction method based on image data according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a phase difference plot of four adjacent successive cross sections;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of selecting decorrelated regions on phase difference plots of four adjacent successive cross-sections;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a search unit moving in three-dimensional space;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing distribution of the number of residues at three retrieved positions;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a recovery reconstruction of phase information in two-dimensional images and three-dimensional space;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of phase reconstruction of a photocurable resin material during curing.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
As shown in fig. 1, the cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction system based on image data according to the embodiment includes a three-dimensional optical coherence tomography system, a phase differential operation module, a search unit selection module, a residue number distribution estimation module, and a phase information reconstruction module;
The three-dimensional optical coherence tomography system is used for collecting continuous interference spectrograms of materials before and after reaction; the phase difference operation module is used for carrying out phase difference operation on the three-dimensional continuous area in the material; the search unit selection module is used for selecting a search unit set from phase difference images of four adjacent continuous cross sections;
The residue number distribution estimation module is used for estimating the residue number distribution by combining the retrieval units; and the phase information reconstruction module is used for carrying out pixel offset on the image along the offset track of the minimum number of residues so as to realize phase information reconstruction.
As shown in fig. 2, the working principle of the system (i.e., the cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction method based on image data) is as follows:
S1, continuously acquiring interference spectrograms of materials before and after reaction through a three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) (real-time monitoring of a material deformation process can be realized);
S2, based on the acquired continuous interference spectrogram, carrying out phase difference operation on a three-dimensional continuous area in the material through a phase difference operation module to obtain phase difference spectrograms of four adjacent continuous cross sections shown in FIG. 3;
The phase difference operation formula is as follows:
（1）
In the formula (1), the components are as follows, The phase before the strain is indicated,The phase after the strain is indicated,Represent the firstSplit phase difference) Phase at (c).
S3, selecting a search unit set from phase difference sub-graphs of four adjacent continuous cross sections through a search unit selection module;
In the present step, the step of the method,
Coverage confirmation is first performed on the decorrelated area to evaluate the decorrelation degree of the area. The area selected by the dashed box shown in fig. 4 (a) is used as a search range, and as a decorrelation area to be subjected to phase reconstruction, the area is represented as a set of decorrelation areas in a three-dimensional space, as shown by a dashed box in fig. 5 (a). Then, according to the selected decorrelation area, an area of (2m+1) × (2m+1) size is selected as a retrieval unit on the two-dimensional image, as shown by solid line frames in fig. 4 (a), and is represented as a set of retrieval units in three-dimensional space, as shown in fig. 5 (b). m is any integer less than the number of pixels in the image.
S4, combining the retrieval units, and estimating the distribution of the residual number through a residual number distribution estimation module;
Estimating the distribution of the number of residues includes:
Search unit is performed in selected decorrelated search space 、、The method comprises the steps of moving search in three directions, and estimating the number of spatial residues once every moving, wherein the number of the spatial residues is used as a standard for estimating the degree of spatial decorrelation, and the estimation process is expressed as follows:
（2）
In (2), the [ (surface ] is a round symbol, 、、Phase representing search positionAt the position ofWhether the position is represented as a residual point or not, wherein the numerical value is 0 or +/-1, 0 is represented as a non-residual point, and +/-1 is represented as a positive residual point and a negative residual point;
Then, the residual points in the three directions are overlapped to obtain the number of the residual points and the distribution condition in space, which is expressed as:
（3）
By the formulas (2) and (3), with the number of residues at the initial position as a reference, the search unit finds out the position with the minimum distribution of the number of residues in the decorrelation search space, calculates the spatial offset track of the position compared with the initial position, and performs phase recovery.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional residue number distribution diagram corresponding to three searched positions in the decorrelation search space, wherein the number of residues in fig. 6 (a) is obviously smaller than that in fig. 6 (b) and 6 (c), namely the positions are more biased to strain offset tracks of the material under large deformation, and a better phase reconstruction effect can be obtained in the direction.
S5, after the distribution of the residual number is estimated, pixel offset on the image is carried out along an offset track of the minimum residual number through a phase information reconstruction module, so that phase information reconstruction is realized. As shown in fig. 7. Fig. 7 (a) and fig. 7 (b) are phase reconstruction processes of materials on a certain cross section, and it can be observed that the region with serious decorrelation on the right side in fig. 7 (a) is better recovered in fig. 7 (b), and the region with weak decorrelation on the left side in fig. 7 (a) is further recovered in fig. 7 (b) and the signal to noise ratio is improved. Fig. 7 (c) and 7 (d) show the spatial reconstruction effect of the phase information of the material. From fig. 7 (c), it can be observed that the phase information is severely decorrelated, and the signal-to-noise ratio is low, so that the original phase information cannot be visually resolved. After the targeted reconstruction of the decorrelated phase regions using this method, an effective recovery of the phase information can be clearly observed in fig. 7 (d).
Further, the embodiment also includes an electronic device, where the electronic device includes a processor and a memory; the memory is used for storing program codes and transmitting the program codes to the processor; the processor is used for executing the cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction method based on the image data according to the instructions in the program code.
Further, the embodiment also includes a computer readable storage medium, where the computer readable storage medium is configured to store program code, where the program code is configured to perform the above-described method for reconstructing a three-dimensional differential phase across pixels based on image data.
To verify the effectiveness and superiority of the method described in this example, the following corroboration experiments were performed:
and recovering and reconstructing the phase information which is acquired by the photo-curing resin material in the curing process, as shown in fig. 8. The box-selected region of the dashed box in fig. 8 (a) is the decorrelation region selected to be subjected to phase recovery, and the dashed arrow and the solid arrow refer to three-dimensional phase reconstruction and two-dimensional phase reconstruction, respectively, of the phase information. After the phase recovery is performed in fig. 8 (b), it can be clearly observed that the phase information inside the material is effectively recovered, and the signal-to-noise ratio is higher. Fig. 8 (c), 8 (d) and 8 (e) show pixel shift trajectories when considering material deformation from only three two-dimensional dimensions of x-y, x-z, y-z, respectively. The condition that the phase information cannot be reconstructed in the red areas of the three images can be observed, and new noise is introduced, so that the decorrelation condition on the original phase image is aggravated. Therefore, the experiment proves the effectiveness and the superiority of the three-dimensional cross-pixel differential phase reconstruction method provided by the embodiment.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so variations in shape and principles of the present invention should be covered.
Claims (5)
1. The cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction system based on the image data is characterized by comprising a three-dimensional optical coherence tomography system, a phase differential operation module, a retrieval unit selection module, a residue number distribution estimation module and a phase information reconstruction module;
Wherein,
The three-dimensional optical coherence tomography system is used for collecting continuous interference spectrograms of materials before and after reaction;
the phase difference operation module is used for carrying out phase difference operation on the three-dimensional continuous area in the material;
The search unit selection module is used for selecting a search unit set from phase difference sub-graphs of four adjacent continuous cross sections;
The residue number distribution estimation module is used for estimating residue number distribution by combining the retrieval units;
the phase information reconstruction module is used for carrying out pixel offset on the image along the offset track of the minimum number of residues so as to realize phase information reconstruction.
2. The cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction method based on image data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
continuous interference spectrogram acquisition is carried out on the materials before and after the reaction through a three-dimensional optical coherence tomography system;
based on the acquired continuous interference spectrogram, carrying out phase difference operation on a three-dimensional continuous area in the material by a phase difference operation module to obtain phase difference spectrograms of four adjacent continuous cross sections;
Selecting a search unit set from phase difference sub-graphs of four adjacent continuous cross sections through a search unit selection module;
The search unit is combined, and the residue number distribution is estimated through the residue number distribution estimation module;
after the distribution of the residual number is estimated, carrying out pixel offset on the image along the offset track of the minimum residual number by a phase information reconstruction module, thereby realizing phase information reconstruction;
The phase difference operation formula is as follows:
In the formula (1), R represents the phase before strain, D represents the phase after strain, and phi (i, j, k) represents the phase at (i, j) on the kth phase difference map;
Estimating the distribution of the number of residues includes:
The search unit carries out mobile search in three directions of x, y and z in the selected decorrelation search space, and the space residue number estimation is carried out once every time of mobile search, so that the space residue number estimation is taken as a standard for estimating the space decorrelation degree, and the estimation process is expressed as follows:
In the formula (2), [ (S ] is a whole symbol, S x、Sy、Sz represents whether the phase phi of the search position is represented as a residual point at (i, j, k), the numerical value is 0 or +/-1, 0 represents a non-residual point, and +/-1 represents a positive residual point and a negative residual point;
Then, the residual points in the three directions are overlapped to obtain the number of the residual points and the distribution condition in space, which is expressed as:
S(i,j,k)＝|Sx(i,j,k)|+|Sy(i,j,k)|+|Sz(i,j,k)| (3)
By the formulas (2) and (3), with the number of residues at the initial position as a reference, the search unit finds out the position with the minimum distribution of the number of residues in the decorrelation search space, calculates the spatial offset track of the position compared with the initial position, and performs phase recovery.
3. The method for reconstructing a three-dimensional differential phase across pixels based on image data according to claim 2, wherein the selecting a set of search units from phase difference maps of four adjacent consecutive cross sections comprises:
Corresponding decorrelation areas are confirmed in phase difference partial graphs of four adjacent continuous cross sections, and one corresponding area is selected from the corresponding decorrelation areas to serve as a search unit, so that a search unit set is obtained.
4. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory; the memory is used for storing program codes and transmitting the program codes to the processor; the processor is configured to execute the cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction method according to any one of claims 2-3 based on image data according to instructions in the program code.
5. A computer readable storage medium for storing program code for performing the method of cross-pixel three-dimensional differential phase reconstruction based on image data according to any one of claims 2-3.
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