CN118225039B - Ground surface crack monitoring device and method - Google Patents
Ground surface crack monitoring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN118225039B CN118225039B CN202410334453.1A CN202410334453A CN118225039B CN 118225039 B CN118225039 B CN 118225039B CN 202410334453 A CN202410334453 A CN 202410334453A CN 118225039 B CN118225039 B CN 118225039B
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/06—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness specially adapted for measuring length or width of objects while moving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0002—Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured
- G01B5/0004—Supports
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ground surface crack monitoring device and a ground surface crack monitoring method, wherein the ground surface crack monitoring device comprises a settlement monitoring mechanism for monitoring settlement at two sides of a crack in backfill soil in the ground, a crack width change monitoring mechanism for monitoring crack width change and a monitoring center for data processing; the method comprises the following steps: 1. determining the number of the arranged measuring lines; 2. installing and monitoring a fixed horizontal inclinometer; 3. a guy type displacement meter is installed and monitored; 4. and calculating the subsidence and width change of the two sides of the surface crack. The automatic monitoring device has the advantages of high automation, reduced manual monitoring error, contribution to saving of labor and time cost, and improvement of safety, can monitor settlement and width change of two sides of a plurality of cracks, is simple in monitoring process, reasonable in structural design, and improves continuity, accuracy and instantaneity of monitoring data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering monitoring, and particularly relates to a device and a method for monitoring surface cracks.
Background
The mountainous and hilly areas in China have fewer relief, ravines, longitudinal and transverse and flat land, and the foundation facilities such as roads, airports and the like are built in the mountainous and hilly areas, so that filling engineering construction is often required to be carried out. The filling sites often span various geological units, and have the characteristics of large original terrain change, complex geological conditions, different soil layer hardness, uneven filling thickness and the like. Differential settlement caused by the thickness change of the filling soil and horizontal displacement of the filling soil at two sides of the valley towards the center of the valley can cause tensile force generated in the soil body of the digging and filling junction area to exceed the tensile strength of the soil body, and cracks often develop in the digging and filling junction area. When the cracks are formed, the surface water of atmospheric precipitation gathers and infiltrates downwards along the cracks, so that the foundation near the crack zone can generate obvious physical and chemical effects such as corrosion, collapsibility, softening and the like, further aggravate the crack development, and the ground can generate uneven differential settlement, thereby further causing the inclined damage of the ground building (structure), pipeline fracture, roadbed fracture and the like, and causing economic loss and adverse social influence. Therefore, the development condition of the crack is monitored, reliable actual measurement data can be provided for engineering, and scientific basis is provided for the establishment of crack control measures.
The current monitoring device widely used for the surface cracks is a riding-type simple monitoring mark, namely, two mark points are buried at two sides of the crack respectively, and the distance change value between the two mark points is measured periodically by using a steel rule, so that the development condition of the crack is mastered. The simple monitoring mark has the advantages of quick investment, low cost and the like, but has poor observation precision, discontinuous monitoring and incapability of monitoring relative dislocation of cracks in the vertical direction. Therefore, the engineering needs to develop a device and a method for monitoring the earth surface cracks of the filling engineering so as to solve the technical problems of multi-measuring points, automation, high precision, continuous monitoring and the like of the earth surface cracks.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the ground surface crack monitoring device which is novel and reasonable in design and high in monitoring automation, can obtain settlement at two sides of a crack and crack width variation, ensures continuity and instantaneity of data monitoring, and is convenient to popularize and use.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a ground surface crack monitoring devices which characterized in that: the system comprises a settlement monitoring mechanism for monitoring settlement of two sides of a crack in backfill soil in the ground, a crack width change monitoring mechanism for monitoring crack width change and a monitoring center for data processing;
the settlement monitoring mechanism comprises a Beidou reference station arranged on a stable stratum, an anchor plate arranged in the stratum to be monitored and used for installing a measuring rod, and an inclinometer tube which transversely penetrates through a crack and is sleeved with a telescopic tube outside, wherein the top of the measuring rod extending out of the ground is provided with a Beidou antenna in wireless communication with the Beidou reference station, one end of the telescopic tube is fixedly connected with the anchor plate, the other end of the telescopic tube is fixedly connected with a circular baffle plate with a hollow structure, the outer side of the circular baffle plate is provided with an outgoing line groove box, a fixed horizontal inclinometer is arranged in the inclinometer tube, the fixed horizontal inclinometer is sequentially connected with a steel wire rope through an observation cable and is arranged in the inclinometer tube, and the output end of the fixed horizontal inclinometer is connected with an automatic data acquisition and transmission system on the ground through the observation cable;
The crack width change monitoring mechanism comprises a groove pulley arranged on the inner wall of the wire outlet groove box, a T-shaped bracket and a stay wire type displacement meter, wherein the T-shaped bracket and the stay wire type displacement meter are all arranged on the ground; and the Beidou antenna and the data automatic acquisition and transmission system are in wireless communication with the monitoring center.
Foretell a earth's surface crack monitoring devices, its characterized in that: the outer side of one end of the steel wire rope, which penetrates out of the wire outlet groove box, is provided with a protection pipe, and the anchoring plate is poured into the stratum to be monitored through cement mortar; the Beidou reference station, the Beidou antenna and the data automatic acquisition and transmission system are powered by a solar power supply system.
Foretell a earth's surface crack monitoring devices, its characterized in that: the vertical end of T shape support passes through the nut and is connected with the stand, and bolted connection is adopted with the bottom plate through the support to the bottom of stand, and welded fastening is carried out with the bottom plate to the support, and the horizontal part both ends of T shape support pass through the nut and link to each other with horizontal connecting rod, and both sides pulley passes through threaded lead screw with horizontal connecting rod and is connected.
Foretell a earth's surface crack monitoring devices, its characterized in that: the Beidou antenna is coaxially connected with the measuring rod, and one end of the fixed horizontal inclinometer is connected with the hanging ring on the anchoring plate through a steel wire rope.
Foretell a earth's surface crack monitoring devices, its characterized in that: the monitoring center comprises a monitoring host and a liquid crystal touch screen connected with the monitoring host.
Foretell a earth's surface crack monitoring devices, its characterized in that: the steel wire rope is horizontally and vertically kept in a stretching state; the center line of the counterweight coincides with the pull line of the pull-line displacement meter.
Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a method which has simple steps and reasonable design and can monitor the surface cracks, and is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
step one, determining the number of arranged measuring lines, wherein the number of the measuring lines is the same as the number of cracks;
step two, mounting and monitoring a fixed horizontal inclinometer, wherein the process is as follows:
Step 201, pre-assembling the inclinometer pipe on the ground in turn, presetting a steel wire rope in the inclinometer pipe in the assembling process, sleeving the inclinometer pipe with a telescopic pipe, pressing the pre-connection assembly into the dug mounting groove, and backfilling gaps between the telescopic pipe and the mounting groove;
Step 202, a fixed horizontal inclinometer is connected in sequence by adopting an observation cable and a steel wire rope, the fixed horizontal inclinometer is pulled into a set position from the right side of an inclinometer pipe through a preset steel wire rope, and the central line of the fixed horizontal inclinometer is always kept to coincide with the central line of the inclinometer pipe in the pulling process;
203, fixedly connecting a steel wire rope on a leftmost fixed horizontal inclinometer with a hanging ring on an anchor plate, placing a measuring rod at the top of the anchor plate, fixedly connecting the steel wire rope with the hanging ring by using cement mortar, coaxially connecting a Beidou antenna with the measuring rod, and supplying energy to Beidou monitoring points by using a solar power supply system;
204, monitoring the vertical relative offset of each section of interval L by a fixed horizontal inclinometer, and transmitting the monitored vertical relative offset to a monitoring center through a data automatic acquisition and transmission system; the vertical relative offset of the ith measuring section with the interval L on the jth measuring line is Deltad i, the value range of j is 1,2, 3, m is the number of the measuring line arrangement; the value ranges of i are 1,2, 3, and n, n is the total number of measuring sections and the number of the measuring sections is the same as that of the fixed horizontal inclinometers;
Step 205, the Beidou system monitors the height of the measuring rod at any moment and transmits monitoring data to a monitoring host of a monitoring center; wherein, at the time t=0, the elevation monitoring value is h (0), and at the time t, the elevation monitoring value is h (t);
step three, mounting and monitoring a stay wire type displacement meter, wherein the process is as follows:
Step 301, fixedly connecting a steel wire rope to a pull ring of a fixed horizontal inclinometer at the rightmost end after installation, leading the steel wire rope to the ground through a pulley and a protective tube in a groove, sequentially passing the steel wire rope led out from the ground through pulleys arranged at two sides of a T-shaped bracket, connecting a counterweight at the tail end of the steel wire rope, and connecting the counterweight with a stay wire type displacement meter through a stay wire;
Step 302, connecting a support with a bottom plate by adopting bolts, welding a stand column with the support, locking and fixing a T-shaped bracket with the stand column by nuts, and fixedly connecting a pulley with the T-shaped bracket by a threaded screw rod;
Step 303, the stay wire type displacement meter monitors the stay wire length at any moment and transmits monitoring data to a monitoring center through the data automatic acquisition and transmission system, wherein the reading of the stay wire type displacement meter at the j-th measuring line t=0 moment is L j (0), and the reading of the stay wire type displacement meter at the t moment is L j (t);
step four, calculating subsidence and width change of two sides of the surface crack: adopting a monitoring host to measure the vertical relative offset of an ith measuring section with the interval of L as delta d i according to the number n of the fixed horizontal inclinometers; the initial elevation of the Beidou monitoring point is h (0), and the elevation at the moment t is h (t); and (3) the initial value L j (0) of the pull-wire displacement meter, and reading L j (t) of the pull-wire displacement meter at the moment t to obtain settlement at two sides of the crack and width change of each crack.
The method is characterized in that: step 201, the telescopic pipe is sleeved outside the inclinometer pipe to enable the external deformation of the pipe to be synchronous with surrounding soil; in order to prevent the telescopic tube from shifting, U-shaped clips are used for fixing every 1m of the telescopic tube; 202, setting the left end of the fixed horizontal inclinometer to be 30cm away from the orifice of the inclinometer; in the step 204, the value range of each interval is 1.5 m-2 m; in step 301, the lower end of the protective tube extends to the lower surface of the protective baffle plate on the top of the pulley protective groove, and the upper end extends to 20 cm-30 cm above the bottom plate; step 302, screwing in and out the horizontal distance of the pulley through the threads of the cross rod of the T-shaped bracket; the vertical rod of the T-shaped bracket is rotated to adjust the horizontal angle, so that the steel wire rope is coaxial with the protection tube, and the effective monitoring range of the device can be changed by adjusting the height of the counterweight.
The method is characterized in that: when the number of the arranged measuring lines is 1, the settlement amount at two sides of the crack in the fourth step and the variation of the width of the crack are calculated as follows:
Step A, the monitoring host obtains accumulated settlement d i (t) of the ith measuring section relative to the anchor plate at the moment t according to a formula d i(t)＝Δd1(t)+Δd2(t)+...+Δdi (t);
Step B, the monitoring host obtains the absolute settlement H (t) of the anchor plate at the moment t according to the formula H (t) =h (0) -H (t);
Step C, the monitoring host obtains the absolute settlement S i (t) of the i-th measuring section on the t moment measuring line according to the formula S i(t)＝di (t) +H (t);
And D, obtaining the crack width variation delta L (t) at the moment t by the monitoring host according to a formula delta L (t) =L 1(t)-L1 (0).
The method is characterized in that: when the number of the arranged measuring lines is greater than 1, the settlement quantity at two sides of the crack in the fourth step and the variation quantity of the crack width are calculated as follows:
step a, the monitoring host obtains accumulated settlement d ij (t) of an ith measuring section on a jth measuring line at the moment t relative to the anchor plate according to a formula d ij(t)＝Δd1j(t)+Δd2j(t)+...+Δdij (t);
Step b, the monitoring host obtains the absolute settlement H (t) of the anchor plate at the moment t according to the formula H (t) =h (0) -H (t);
Step c, the monitoring host obtains absolute settlement S ij (t) of the jth crack at the ith measuring section at the moment t according to a formula S ij(t)＝dij (t) +H (t);
Step d, the monitoring host obtains the total crack width variation delta L j (t) of j cracks on the j-th testing line at the moment t according to a formula delta L j(t)＝Lj(t)-Lj (0);
step e, the monitoring host obtains the variation of the width of the jth crack on the ith measuring line at the moment t according to a formula delta F j(t)＝ΔLj(t)-ΔLj-1 (t);
And F, the monitoring center controls the liquid crystal touch screen to display the absolute settlement S ij (t) of the jth crack at the ith measuring section at the moment t and the crack width change delta F j (t) of the jth crack.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. The earth surface crack monitoring device for the filling engineering has the advantages of reasonable structural design, clear installation steps, simple monitoring and good long-term stability.
2. The invention adopts the combination of the fixed horizontal inclinometer, the Beidou deformation monitoring system and the stay wire type displacement meter to monitor the settlement and the width change of two sides of the crack, and transmits the monitoring data to the monitoring center through the automatic acquisition system, so that the influence of severe weather such as strong wind, rain and snow is less, the error of manual reading is reduced, and the continuity, the accuracy and the real-time performance of the monitoring data are ensured.
3. The filling engineering ground surface crack monitoring device arranges corresponding number of test lines for a plurality of cracks side by side, and can obtain absolute settlement of each test section on any test line and width variation of each crack; the telescopic pipe is sleeved outside the inclinometer pipe to isolate the fixed horizontal inclinometer and the observation cable from surrounding soil, and the outer deformation of the inclinometer pipe is synchronous with the surrounding soil, so that the damage of the monitoring device caused by the pulling crack of the inclinometer pipe due to overlarge crack development is avoided.
4. The invention adopts a stay wire displacement meter to monitor the width change of the ground surface crack of the filling engineering, and has high sensitivity to the width change of the crack; the pulley is installed to achieve the effects of low friction, low resistance and high-precision movement, so that the horizontal crack development of the ground surface can be reflected more accurately; the pulley, the T-shaped bracket and the bottom plate are all in bolt connection structures, so that the horizontal position and the rotation angle of the pulley are adjustable, and the steel wire rope is ensured to be vertical; by adjusting the height of the counterweight, the effective monitoring range of the device can be changed.
In conclusion, the device has the advantages of novel and reasonable design, high automation, reduced manual monitoring error, contribution to saving of labor and time cost, improvement of safety, capability of monitoring settlement and width change of two sides of a plurality of cracks, simple monitoring process, reasonable structural design, improvement of continuity, accuracy and instantaneity of monitoring data, and convenience in popularization and use.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for monitoring surface cracks according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of fig. 1a in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of fig. 1 at B in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic elevation view of a circular baffle plate of the pulley protective slot C in fig. 3 according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a stationary horizontal probe monitoring system according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a test line arrangement of a plurality of fractures in the surface fracture monitoring device of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a block flow diagram of a method of monitoring a surface fracture monitoring device according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-ground; 1-cracking; 1-2-backfilling;
2-telescopic tube; 2-1-inclinometer pipe;
2-a fixed horizontal inclinometer; 2-3-observing the cable;
2-4-wire rope; 3-a Beidou reference station;
3-1-stabilizing the formation; 3-2-Beidou antenna; 3-solar power supply system;
3-4-measuring rod; 3-5-anchoring plate; 3-6-hanging rings;
3-7 of cement mortar; 4-a circular baffle; 4-1-outlet groove box;
4-2-protecting tube; a 5-T shaped bracket; 5-1, a pulley in a groove;
5-2-pulleys; 5-3-balancing weight; 5-4-upright posts;
5-supporting seat; 5-6, a bottom plate; 5-7-nuts;
5-8-bolts; 5-9-threaded screw rods; 6-a stay wire type displacement meter;
6-1-drawing; 7, a data automatic acquisition and transmission system;
8-a monitoring center; 8-1-monitoring the host;
8-2-liquid crystal touch screen.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the earth surface crack monitoring device of the invention comprises a settlement monitoring mechanism for monitoring settlement of two sides of a crack 1-1 in backfill 1-2 in the ground 1, a crack width change monitoring mechanism for monitoring width change of the crack 1-1 and a monitoring center 8 for data processing;
The settlement monitoring mechanism comprises a Beidou reference station 3 arranged on a stable stratum 3-1, an anchor plate 3-5 arranged in the stratum to be monitored and used for installing a measuring rod 3-4, and an inclinometer 2-1 transversely penetrating through a crack 1-1 and sleeved with a telescopic pipe 2 outside, wherein the top of the measuring rod 3-4 extending out of the ground 1 is provided with a Beidou antenna 3-2 in wireless communication with the Beidou reference station 3, one end of the telescopic pipe 2 is fixedly connected with the anchor plate 3-5, the other end of the telescopic pipe 2 is fixedly connected with a circular baffle plate 4 of a hollow structure, the outer side of the circular baffle plate 4 is provided with an outgoing line groove box 4-1, a fixed horizontal inclinometer 2-2 is arranged in the inclinometer 2-1 in sequence through an observation cable 2-3 and a steel wire rope 2-4, and the output end of the fixed horizontal inclinometer 2-2 is connected with a data automatic acquisition and transmission system 7 on the ground through the observation cable 2-3;
The crack width change monitoring mechanism comprises a groove pulley 5-1 arranged on the inner wall of the wire outlet groove box 4-1, a T-shaped bracket 5 and a stay wire type displacement meter 6 which are all arranged on the ground, wherein pulleys 5-2 are arranged at two ends of the horizontal part of the T-shaped bracket 5, a steel wire rope 2-4 bypasses one end of the groove pulley 5-1, which passes through the wire outlet groove box 4-1, and then bypasses two pulleys 5-2 to be connected with a counterweight 5-3, the bottom end of the counterweight 5-3 is connected with the stay wire type displacement meter 6 through a stay wire 6-1, and the output end of the stay wire type displacement meter 6 is connected with a data automatic acquisition and transmission system 7; the Beidou antenna 3-2 and the data automatic acquisition and transmission system 7 are in wireless communication with the monitoring center 8.
In the embodiment, a protection pipe 4-2 is arranged at the outer side of one end of the steel wire rope 2-4 penetrating out of the wire outlet groove box 4-1, and an anchor plate 3-5 is poured into a to-be-monitored stratum through cement mortar 3-7; the Beidou reference station 3, the Beidou antenna 3-2 and the data automatic acquisition and transmission system 7 are powered by a solar power supply system 3-3.
In this embodiment, the vertical end of the T-shaped bracket 5 is connected with the upright post 5-4 through a nut 5-7, the bottom of the upright post 5-4 is connected with the bottom plate 5-6 through a support 5-5 by adopting a bolt 5-8, the support 5-5 is welded and fixed with the bottom plate 5-6, the two ends of the horizontal part of the T-shaped bracket 5 are connected with the horizontal connecting rod through the nut 5-7, and the pulleys 5-2 on two sides are connected with the horizontal connecting rod through threaded screw rods 5-9.
In the embodiment, the Beidou antenna 3-2 is coaxially connected with the measuring rod 3-4, and one end of the fixed horizontal inclinometer 2-2 is connected with the hanging ring 3-6 on the anchor plate 3-5 through the steel wire rope 2-4.
In this embodiment, the monitoring center 8 includes a monitoring host 8-1 and a liquid crystal touch screen 8-2 connected to the monitoring host 8-1.
In the embodiment, the steel wire ropes 2-4 are horizontally and vertically kept in a stretching state; the center line of the counterweight 5-3 coincides with the pull wire 6-1 of the pull wire type displacement meter 6.
The fixed horizontal inclinometer transmits the vertical relative offset of each measuring section on the measuring line to the data automatic acquisition and transmission system through the observation cable. The lower end of the protection tube extends to the lower surface of the outlet groove box, the upper end of the protection tube extends to 20 cm-30 cm above the column bottom plate, and the measuring rod and the anchoring plate are fixedly connected by adopting cement mortar, so that sedimentation synchronization is realized between the two. The plurality of inclinometers are sequentially and smoothly connected together by joints from left to right, waterproof adhesive tapes are arranged outside the connection of two adjacent inclinometers, telescopic pipes are sleeved outside the inclinometers, and the arrangement interval of the fixed horizontal inclinometers in the inclinometers is 1.5 m-2.0 m.
In this embodiment, the installation groove of the inclinometer pipe is located below the ground, the depth of the installation groove is 0.6m, the widths of 0.5m and 1.0m are reserved at the left end and the right end of the installation groove respectively, and the first is to reserve the pulley installation position at the fixed and wire rope diversion positions of the anchor plate and the measuring rod. And secondly, enough operation space is reserved for the installation of the fixed horizontal inclinometer.
In the embodiment, the telescopic tube is a metal telescopic tube with the inner diameter of 55mm, and the telescopic tube can freely stretch in the longitudinal direction. The fixed horizontal inclinometer and the observation cable are isolated from surrounding soil, so that soil is prevented from entering the pipe cavity of the sleeve. And secondly, the fixed horizontal inclinometer deforms synchronously with the soil outside the pipe, so that the phenomenon that the fixed horizontal inclinometer works normally due to the fact that the inclinometer is broken by pulling caused by overlarge crack development is avoided.
In this embodiment, the guide slot in the inclinometer pipe is smooth, square, the internal diameter error is not big, the joint is excessively smooth, the inner notch and the outer notch should all be aligned when taking over, the inclinometer pipe guarantees that the vertical displacement of the measured object is unanimous with the vertical displacement of inclinometer pipe.
In this embodiment, the inclinometer pipe is a 50mm×4.6mmpvc pipe, each section of the inclinometer pipe is connected by an insertion connection method, and a pair of grooves in the inclinometer pipe are perpendicular to the monitoring surface by manual rotation.
In this embodiment, the inclinometer is a fixed horizontal inclinometer, and each fixed horizontal inclinometer has a horizontal monitoring range of 1.5m, and 4 fixed horizontal inclinometers are arranged.
In this embodiment, the anchor plate is a 30cm by 5mm thick steel plate. When the fixed horizontal inclinometer is installed, an installation groove is firstly excavated perpendicular to the crack, the depth of a monitoring axis is 0.5m, then an anchor plate at the end part is poured into the installation pit groove by adopting cement mortar, so that the anchor plate, soil mass at one side of the crack and a measuring rod are integrated, and the sedimentation synchronization of the measuring rod and the anchor plate is ensured.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the circular baffle is a stainless steel flange, the outer diameter is 55mm, the inner diameter is 25mm, the diameter of the hollow cylinder connected to the circular baffle is 36mm, and the height is 20mm. The hollow cylinder stretches into the inclinometer pipe to ensure the compactness of the instrument,
The wire outlet groove box enables the steel wire rope and the observation cable to pass through, so that the steel wire rope can be always stretched.
In the embodiment, the upper stainless steel flange baffle and the lower stainless steel flange baffle of the wire outlet box for protecting the pulley in the mounting groove are 1m long and 3mm thick, the stainless steel flange baffle on the right side of the wire outlet box is 55mm high and 5mm thick, and the wire outlet box is connected with a threaded screw rod in a welding mode. The pulley and the steel wire rope observation cable are isolated from surrounding soil, so that the soil is prevented from entering the groove to influence the normal operation of the pulley or the accuracy of data monitoring.
In this embodiment, T shape support is T shape stainless steel, and two crossbars and two stainless steel pulleys pass through screw thread lead screw connection pulley and screw thread lead screw welding, and screw thread lead screw stretches into the adjustable length in the horizontal pole, locks fixedly through the nut. The vertical rod is connected with the vertical column through threads and is locked and fixed through nuts of the same type.
In the embodiment, the pulley is a stainless steel pulley, so that friction of the steel wire rope in the stretching process is reduced, and data accuracy is improved.
In this embodiment, the support is aluminum alloy material, and the centre has the through-hole that is slightly greater than the stand, and the overcoat is on the stand, through bolt locking fixed.
In the embodiment, the bottom plate is a stainless steel flange, the outer diameter of the flange is 14cm, and the bottom plate is in butt joint fixation with a flange of the same type embedded in the concrete platform through bolts.
In the embodiment, the counter weight is a concrete column, a PVC pipe with the diameter of 110mm is adopted as a die, the weight is about 10kg, and the counter weight is suspended at the tail end of the steel wire rope, so that the steel wire rope is always kept in a stretched state in the monitoring process.
In this embodiment, the Beidou monitoring is a BDS system, and has the advantages of long distance, all weather and high-precision positioning.
In the embodiment, the pull-wire displacement meter is a WPS-S pull-wire displacement sensor, the measuring range is 0 mm-2500 mm, and the accuracy is high.
A method of monitoring a surface fracture as shown in fig. 5-7, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, determining the number of arranged measuring lines, wherein the number of the measuring lines is the same as the number of cracks;
step two, mounting and monitoring a fixed horizontal inclinometer, wherein the process is as follows:
Step 201, pre-assembling the inclinometer pipe on the ground in turn, presetting a steel wire rope in the inclinometer pipe in the assembling process, sleeving the inclinometer pipe with a telescopic pipe, pressing the pre-connection assembly into the dug mounting groove, and backfilling gaps between the telescopic pipe and the mounting groove;
Step 202, a fixed horizontal inclinometer is connected in sequence by adopting an observation cable and a steel wire rope, the fixed horizontal inclinometer is pulled into a set position from the right side of an inclinometer pipe through a preset steel wire rope, and the central line of the fixed horizontal inclinometer is always kept to coincide with the central line of the inclinometer pipe in the pulling process;
203, fixedly connecting a steel wire rope on a leftmost fixed horizontal inclinometer with a hanging ring on an anchor plate, placing a measuring rod at the top of the anchor plate, fixedly connecting the steel wire rope with the hanging ring by using cement mortar, coaxially connecting a Beidou antenna with the measuring rod, and supplying energy to Beidou monitoring points by using a solar power supply system;
204, monitoring the vertical relative offset of each section of interval L by a fixed horizontal inclinometer, and transmitting the monitored vertical relative offset to a monitoring center through a data automatic acquisition and transmission system; the vertical relative offset of the ith measuring section with the interval L on the jth measuring line is Deltad i, the value range of j is 1,2, 3, m is the number of the measuring line arrangement; the value ranges of i are 1,2, 3, and n, n is the total number of measuring sections and the number of the measuring sections is the same as that of the fixed horizontal inclinometers;
Step 205, the Beidou system monitors the height of the measuring rod at any moment and transmits monitoring data to a monitoring host of a monitoring center; wherein, at the time t=0, the elevation monitoring value is h (0), and at the time t, the elevation monitoring value is h (t);
step three, mounting and monitoring a stay wire type displacement meter, wherein the process is as follows:
Step 301, fixedly connecting a steel wire rope to a pull ring of a fixed horizontal inclinometer at the rightmost end after installation, leading the steel wire rope to the ground through a pulley and a protective tube in a groove, sequentially passing the steel wire rope led out from the ground through pulleys arranged at two sides of a T-shaped bracket, connecting a counterweight at the tail end of the steel wire rope, and connecting the counterweight with a stay wire type displacement meter through a stay wire;
Step 302, connecting a support with a bottom plate by adopting bolts, welding a stand column with the support, locking and fixing a T-shaped bracket with the stand column by nuts, and fixedly connecting a pulley with the T-shaped bracket by a threaded screw rod;
Step 303, the stay wire type displacement meter monitors the stay wire length at any moment and transmits monitoring data to a monitoring center through the data automatic acquisition and transmission system, wherein the reading of the stay wire type displacement meter at the j-th measuring line t=0 moment is L j (0), and the reading of the stay wire type displacement meter at the t moment is L j (t);
step four, calculating subsidence and width change of two sides of the surface crack: adopting a monitoring host to measure the vertical relative offset of an ith measuring section with the interval of L as delta d i according to the number n of the fixed horizontal inclinometers; the initial elevation of the Beidou monitoring point is h (0), and the elevation at the moment t is h (t); and (3) the initial value L j (0) of the pull-wire displacement meter, and reading L j (t) of the pull-wire displacement meter at the moment t to obtain settlement at two sides of the crack and width change of each crack.
In this embodiment, in step 201, the telescopic tube is sleeved outside the inclinometer tube to synchronize the outer deformation of the inclinometer tube with the surrounding soil; in order to prevent the telescopic tube from shifting, U-shaped clips are used for fixing every 1m of the telescopic tube; 202, setting the left end of the fixed horizontal inclinometer to be 30cm away from the orifice of the inclinometer; in the step 204, the value range of each interval is 1.5 m-2 m; in step 301, the lower end of the protective tube extends to the lower surface of the protective baffle plate on the top of the pulley protective groove, and the upper end extends to 20 cm-30 cm above the bottom plate; step 302, screwing in and out the horizontal distance of the pulley through the threads of the cross rod of the T-shaped bracket; the vertical rod of the T-shaped bracket is rotated to adjust the horizontal angle, so that the steel wire rope is coaxial with the protection tube, and the effective monitoring range of the device can be changed by adjusting the height of the counterweight.
In this embodiment, when the number of the arranged measuring lines is 1, the calculation process of the settlement amount and the variation of the crack width at two sides in the fourth step is as follows:
Step A, the monitoring host obtains accumulated settlement d i (t) of the ith measuring section relative to the anchor plate at the moment t according to a formula d i(t)＝Δd1(t)+Δd2(t)+...+Δdi (t);
Step B, the monitoring host obtains the absolute settlement H (t) of the anchor plate at the moment t according to the formula H (t) =h (0) -H (t);
Step C, the monitoring host obtains the absolute settlement S i (t) of the i-th measuring section on the t moment measuring line according to the formula S i(t)＝di (t) +H (t);
And D, obtaining the crack width variation delta L (t) at the moment t by the monitoring host according to a formula delta L (t) =L 1(t)-L1 (0).
In this embodiment, when the number of the arranged measuring lines is greater than 1, the calculation process of the settlement amount and the variation of the crack width at two sides of the crack in the fourth step is as follows:
step a, the monitoring host obtains accumulated settlement d ij (t) of an ith measuring section on a jth measuring line at the moment t relative to the anchor plate according to a formula d ij(t)＝Δd1j(t)+Δd2j(t)+...+Δdij (t);
Step b, the monitoring host obtains the absolute settlement H (t) of the anchor plate at the moment t according to the formula H (t) =h (0) -H (t);
Step c, the monitoring host obtains absolute settlement S ij (t) of the jth crack at the ith measuring section at the moment t according to a formula S ij(t)＝dij (t) +H (t);
Step d, the monitoring host obtains the total crack width variation delta L j (t) of j cracks on the j-th testing line at the moment t according to a formula delta L j(t)＝Lj(t)-Lj (0);
step e, the monitoring host obtains the variation of the width of the jth crack on the ith measuring line at the moment t according to a formula delta F j(t)＝ΔLj(t)-ΔLj-1 (t);
And F, the monitoring center controls the liquid crystal touch screen to display the absolute settlement S ij (t) of the jth crack at the ith measuring section at the moment t and the crack width change delta F j (t) of the jth crack.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a ground surface crack monitoring devices which characterized in that: the device comprises a settlement monitoring mechanism for monitoring settlement at two sides of a crack (1-1) in backfill soil (1-2) in the ground (1), a crack width change monitoring mechanism for monitoring width change of the crack (1-1) and a monitoring center (8) for data processing;
The settlement monitoring mechanism comprises a Beidou reference station (3) arranged on a stable stratum (3-1), an anchor plate (3-5) arranged in the stratum to be monitored and used for installing a measuring rod (3-4) and an inclinometer (2-1) transversely penetrating through a crack (1-1) and sleeved with a telescopic pipe (2) outside, the top of the measuring rod (3-4) extending out of the ground (1) is provided with a Beidou antenna (3-2) in wireless communication with the Beidou reference station (3), one end of the telescopic pipe (2) is fixedly connected with the anchor plate (3-5), the other end of the telescopic pipe (2) is fixedly connected with a circular baffle plate (4) with a hollow structure, an outlet slot box (4-1) is arranged on the outer side of the circular baffle plate (4), the fixed horizontal inclinometer (2-2) is sequentially connected with the fixed horizontal inclinometer (2-2) through an observation cable (2-3) and a steel wire rope (2-4) and is arranged in the inclinometer (2-1), and the output end of the fixed horizontal inclinometer (2-2) is automatically connected with a ground (7) through the observation cable (2-3);
The crack width change monitoring mechanism comprises a groove pulley (5-1) arranged on the inner wall of a wire outlet groove box (4-1), a T-shaped bracket (5) and a stay wire type displacement meter (6), wherein the T-shaped bracket (5) and the stay wire type displacement meter (6) are arranged on the ground, the pulleys (5-2) are arranged at the two ends of the horizontal part of the T-shaped bracket (5), one end of a steel wire rope (2-4) which passes through the groove pulley (5-1) and penetrates out of the wire outlet groove box (4-1) is connected with a counterweight (5-3) by bypassing two pulleys (5-2), the bottom end of the counterweight (5-3) is connected with the stay wire type displacement meter (6) through a stay wire (6-1), and the output end of the stay wire type displacement meter (6) is connected with a data automatic acquisition and transmission system (7); the Beidou antenna (3-2) and the data automatic acquisition and transmission system (7) are in wireless communication with the monitoring center (8);
The outer side of one end of the steel wire rope (2-4) penetrating out of the wire groove box (4-1) is provided with a protection pipe (4-2), and the anchoring plate (3-5) is poured into the ground to be monitored through cement mortar (3-7); the Beidou reference station (3), the Beidou antenna (3-2) and the data automatic acquisition and transmission system (7) are powered by a solar power supply system (3-3);
The vertical end of the T-shaped bracket (5) is connected with the upright post (5-4) through a nut (5-7), the bottom of the upright post (5-4) is connected with the bottom plate (5-6) through a support (5-5) by adopting a bolt (5-8), the support (5-5) is welded and fixed with the bottom plate (5-6), the two ends of the horizontal part of the T-shaped bracket (5) are connected with a horizontal connecting rod through the nut (5-7), and pulleys (5-2) on two sides are connected with the horizontal connecting rod through threaded screw rods (5-9);
The Beidou antenna (3-2) is coaxially connected with the measuring rod (3-4), and one end of the fixed horizontal inclinometer (2-2) is connected with the hanging ring (3-6) on the anchor plate (3-5) through the steel wire rope (2-4);
the steel wire ropes (2-4) are horizontally and vertically kept in a stretching state; the center line of the counterweight (5-3) is overlapped with the pull wire (6-1) of the pull wire type displacement meter (6).
2. A surface fracture monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring center (8) comprises a monitoring host (8-1) and a liquid crystal touch screen (8-2) connected with the monitoring host (8-1).
3. A method of monitoring a surface fracture using the apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, determining the number of arranged measuring lines, wherein the number of the measuring lines is the same as the number of cracks;
step two, mounting and monitoring a fixed horizontal inclinometer, wherein the process is as follows:
Step 201, pre-assembling the inclinometer pipe on the ground in turn, presetting a steel wire rope in the inclinometer pipe in the assembling process, sleeving the inclinometer pipe with a telescopic pipe, pressing the pre-connection assembly into the dug mounting groove, and backfilling gaps between the telescopic pipe and the mounting groove;
Step 202, a fixed horizontal inclinometer is connected in sequence by adopting an observation cable and a steel wire rope, the fixed horizontal inclinometer is pulled into a set position from the right side of an inclinometer pipe through a preset steel wire rope, and the central line of the fixed horizontal inclinometer is always kept to coincide with the central line of the inclinometer pipe in the pulling process;
203, fixedly connecting a steel wire rope on a leftmost fixed horizontal inclinometer with a hanging ring on an anchor plate, placing a measuring rod at the top of the anchor plate, fixedly connecting the steel wire rope with the hanging ring by using cement mortar, coaxially connecting a Beidou antenna with the measuring rod, and supplying energy to Beidou monitoring points by using a solar power supply system;
204, monitoring the vertical relative offset of each section of interval L by a fixed horizontal inclinometer, and transmitting the monitored vertical relative offset to a monitoring center through a data automatic acquisition and transmission system; the vertical relative offset of the ith measuring section with the interval L on the jth measuring line is Deltad i, the value range of j is 1,2, 3, m is the number of the measuring line arrangement; the value ranges of i are 1,2, 3, and n, n is the total number of measuring sections and the number of the measuring sections is the same as that of the fixed horizontal inclinometers;
Step 205, the Beidou system monitors the height of the measuring rod at any moment and transmits monitoring data to a monitoring host of a monitoring center; wherein, at the time t=0, the elevation monitoring value is h (0), and at the time t, the elevation monitoring value is h (t);
step three, mounting and monitoring a stay wire type displacement meter, wherein the process is as follows:
step 301, fixedly connecting a steel wire rope to a pull ring of a rightmost fixed horizontal inclinometer, leading the steel wire rope to the ground through a pulley and a protective tube in a groove, sequentially passing the steel wire rope led out from the ground through pulleys arranged on two sides of a T-shaped bracket, connecting a counterweight at the tail end of the steel wire rope, and connecting the counterweight with a stay wire type displacement meter through a stay wire;
Step 302, connecting a support with a bottom plate by adopting bolts, welding a stand column with the support, locking and fixing a T-shaped bracket with the stand column by nuts, and fixedly connecting a pulley with the T-shaped bracket by a threaded screw rod;
Step 303, the stay wire type displacement meter monitors the stay wire length at any moment and transmits monitoring data to a monitoring center through the data automatic acquisition and transmission system, wherein the reading of the stay wire type displacement meter at the j-th measuring line t=0 moment is L j (0), and the reading of the stay wire type displacement meter at the t moment is L j (t);
Step four, calculating subsidence and width change of two sides of the surface crack: adopting a monitoring host to measure the vertical relative offset of an ith measuring section with the interval of L as delta d i according to the number n of the fixed horizontal inclinometers; the initial elevation of the Beidou monitoring point is h (0), and the elevation at the moment t is h (t); the initial value L j (0) of the pull-wire displacement meter is calculated, and the pull-wire displacement meter reads L j (t) at the moment t to obtain settlement at two sides of the crack and width change of each crack;
When the number of the arranged measuring lines is 1, the settlement amount at two sides of the crack in the fourth step and the variation of the width of the crack are calculated as follows:
Step A, the monitoring host obtains accumulated settlement d i (t) of the ith measuring section relative to the anchor plate at the moment t according to a formula d i(t)＝Δd1(t)+Δd2(t)+...+Δdi (t);
Step B, the monitoring host obtains the absolute settlement H (t) of the anchor plate at the moment t according to the formula H (t) =h (0) -H (t);
Step C, the monitoring host obtains the absolute settlement S i (t) of the i-th measuring section on the t moment measuring line according to the formula S i(t)＝di (t) +H (t);
step D, the monitoring host obtains a crack width variation delta L (t) at the moment t according to a formula delta L (t) =L 1(t)-L1 (0);
When the number of the arranged measuring lines is greater than 1, the settlement quantity at two sides of the crack in the fourth step and the variation quantity of the crack width are calculated as follows:
step a, the monitoring host obtains accumulated settlement d ij (t) of an ith measuring section on a jth measuring line at the moment t relative to the anchor plate according to a formula d ij(t)＝Δd1j(t)+Δd2j(t)+...+Δdij (t);
Step b, the monitoring host obtains the absolute settlement H (t) of the anchor plate at the moment t according to the formula H (t) =h (0) -H (t);
Step c, the monitoring host obtains absolute settlement S ij (t) of the jth crack at the ith measuring section at the moment t according to a formula S ij(t)＝dij (t) +H (t);
Step d, the monitoring host obtains the total crack width variation delta L j (t) of j cracks on the j-th testing line at the moment t according to a formula delta L j(t)＝Lj(t)-Lj (0);
step e, the monitoring host obtains the variation of the width of the jth crack on the ith measuring line at the moment t according to a formula delta F j(t)＝ΔLj(t)-ΔLj-1 (t);
And F, the monitoring center controls the liquid crystal touch screen to display the absolute settlement S ij (t) of the jth crack at the ith measuring section at the moment t and the crack width change delta F j (t) of the jth crack.
4. A method of surface fracture monitoring according to claim 3, wherein: step 201, the telescopic pipe is sleeved outside the inclinometer pipe to enable the external deformation of the pipe to be synchronous with surrounding soil; in order to prevent the telescopic tube from shifting, U-shaped clips are used for fixing every 1m of the telescopic tube; 202, setting the left end of the fixed horizontal inclinometer to be 30cm away from the orifice of the inclinometer; in the step 204, the value range of each interval is 1.5 m-2 m; in step 301, the lower end of the protective tube extends to the lower surface of the protective baffle plate on the top of the pulley protective groove, and the upper end extends to 20 cm-30 cm above the bottom plate; step 302, screwing in and out the horizontal distance of the pulley through the threads of the cross rod of the T-shaped bracket; the vertical rod of the T-shaped bracket is rotated to adjust the horizontal angle, so that the steel wire rope is coaxial with the protection tube, and the effective monitoring range of the device can be changed by adjusting the height of the counterweight.
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| CN101881592A (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2010-11-10 | 同济大学 | Self-advancing slide rail pendulous ground fissure deformation monitoring device |
| CN104316029A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-01-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Geological sedimentation monitoring device and monitoring method |
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| KR100358291B1 (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2002-10-25 | (주)건아계측시스템연구소 | Monitoring system of falling rocks |
| CN215003362U (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-12-03 | 重庆市地质矿产勘查开发局208水文地质工程地质队（重庆市地质灾害防治工程勘查设计院） | Simple and easy earth's surface crack monitoring devices |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101881592A (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2010-11-10 | 同济大学 | Self-advancing slide rail pendulous ground fissure deformation monitoring device |
| CN104316029A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-01-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Geological sedimentation monitoring device and monitoring method |
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