CN118216059A - System for inductively transmitting electric power - Google Patents
System for inductively transmitting electric power Download PDFInfo
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- CN118216059A CN118216059A CN202280070131.XA CN202280070131A CN118216059A CN 118216059 A CN118216059 A CN 118216059A CN 202280070131 A CN202280070131 A CN 202280070131A CN 118216059 A CN118216059 A CN 118216059A
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- current
- gyrator
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PMGQWSIVQFOFOQ-YKVZVUFRSA-N clemastine fumarate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O.CN1CCC[C@@H]1CCO[C@@](C)(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 PMGQWSIVQFOFOQ-YKVZVUFRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A system for inductively transmitting electric power, wherein the system comprises a moving part, an inverter and a gyrator, and a series circuit consisting of a primary conductor and a first capacitance, wherein the inverter supplies the gyrator, wherein the gyrator supplies the series circuit, in particular wherein a connection on the alternating voltage side of the inverter is connected to a connection on the input side of the gyrator and a connection on the output side of the gyrator supplies the series circuit, wherein the moving part has a secondary winding, wherein the secondary winding is connected in parallel and/or in series with a second capacitance, wherein a first device for detecting a peak value of a time derivative of a current fed into the series circuit by the gyrator is connected to signal electronics of the inverter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system for inductively transmitting electric power and to a method for operating a system for inductively transmitting electric power.
Background
A system for inductively transmitting electrical power to a moving part is known from DE 10 2018 005 576 A1. In this case, electrical power is transmitted from the primary conductor to the secondary winding by inductive coupling.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve such a system, wherein overpressure should be avoided.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a system according to the features given in claim 1 and a method according to the features given in claim 14.
In a system for inductively transmitting electrical power, the important feature of the invention is that the system comprises a moving part, an inverter and a gyrator and a series circuit consisting of a primary conductor and a first capacitor, wherein the inverter supplies the gyrator, in particular the gyrator with an alternating voltage, wherein the gyrator supplies the series circuit, in particular wherein a connection on the alternating voltage side of the inverter is connected to a connection on the input side of the gyrator and the connection on the output side of the gyrator supplies the series circuit, in particular wherein the gyrator feeds an alternating current into the series circuit, wherein the moving part has a secondary winding, in particular which is inductively coupled or couplable to the primary winding, wherein the secondary winding is connected in parallel and/or in series with a second capacitor, in particular such that the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit thus constituted is equal to the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter, wherein the system comprises first means which are connected to the signal electronics of the inverter and are configured to be suitable for taking the maximum value/extremum of the time derivative of the current fed into the series circuit by the gyrator, i.e. the peak value occurring as the maximum value, respectively, over the respective period of the current fed into the series circuit by the gyrator, and/or wherein the first means for taking the peak value of the time derivative of the current fed into the series circuit by the gyrator, in particular the peak value occurring in the respective period of the current fed into the series circuit by the gyrator, are connected to the signal electronics of the inverter.
Thus, by determining a respective maximum value for each period and storing it in a manner belonging to that respective period, the time course of the time derivative of the current is evaluated. I.e. a list is thus generated in which each period is associated with a respective maximum value. Each cycle is assigned a value by evaluation of the time course of the first derivative of the current.
The advantage here is that the value of the state parameter, which is proportional to the voltage supplied to the load on the secondary side according to the natural law, can be acquired on the primary side, and thus no data transmission of the value from the secondary side to the primary side is required. Thus, measures for reducing the voltage can be taken on the primary side.
In an advantageous embodiment, the primary conductor has a primary conductor which is laid in a long manner on the ground of the system equipment, and the displacement element can be displaced along the primary conductor. The advantage here is that inductive feeding of the moving part can be achieved.
In an advantageous embodiment, the first capacitance Cs has a negligible and/or near zero capacitance value, i.e. in particular zero farad, in particular wherein the series circuit essentially consists of only the primary conductor. The advantage here is that in the case of short primary conductors, no or only very small capacitances are required.
In an advantageous embodiment, the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit formed by the primary conductor and the first capacitor is equal to the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter, in particular for completely compensating the inductance of the primary conductor. The advantage here is that the manufacture is simple.
In a further alternative and improved embodiment, the first capacitance Cs is selected such that it is applicable
Wherein f is the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied by the inverter to the gyrator,
Where Ls is the inductance of the primary conductor,
Wherein Lg is the inductance of the gyrator, in particular wherein the gyrator has a series circuit consisting of inductance Lg and capacitance Cg, and an input voltage of the gyrator is present at the series circuit, and an output voltage is applied at the capacitance Cg,
Wherein P is a predetermined power, in particular a rated power,
Wherein I is a predetermined current, in particular a rated current,
Where alpha _ min is a first angle value,
Wherein alpha _ max is a second angle value,
In particular, wherein the first angle value is smaller in magnitude than the second angle value,
In particular, wherein the first angle value has a value between 0 ° and 40 °, in particular between 10 ° and 30 °, and wherein the second angle value has a value between 0 ° and 40 °, in particular between 10 ° and 30 °. The advantage here is that the inductance of the primary conductor is not completely compensated and thus the residual inductance can be matched to the inductance of the gyrator, so that improved efficiency and higher efficiency can be achieved.
In an advantageous embodiment, the inverter has a parallel circuit of two series circuits, wherein each of the series circuits has two semiconductor switches, respectively, and wherein the signal electronics generate a drive signal for the semiconductor switches. The advantage here is that the drive signal can be designed on the basis of the peak value of the time derivative of the current acquired.
In an advantageous embodiment, the second means for detecting the peak value of the current fed into the series circuit by the gyrator are connected to the signal electronics of the inverter. The advantage here is that a value of the state parameter, in particular the output voltage, which is proportional to the secondary side can be detected on the primary side. Thus, limiting measures can be taken in the case of indirect acquisition.
In an advantageous embodiment, the first device has an inductance L1, wherein a voltage dropped across the inductance is supplied to the first rectifier via a first transformer-type coupling device, and the voltage rectified by the first rectifier powers a parallel circuit comprising a first capacitor and a resistor and is detected by a voltage detection device of the signal electronics, in particular wherein a current fed into the inductance L1 flows through. The advantage at this time is that the peak value can be simply acquired.
In an advantageous embodiment, the inductance L1 is a conductor circuit of the circuit board, wherein the conductor loop is arranged next to the conductor circuit in such a way that the conductor loop is inductively coupled to the conductor circuit, wherein the conductor loop supplies the first rectifier. The advantage here is that the inductance and the conductor loop can be produced in a cost-effective manner by the layout of the circuit board and thus in a mass production.
In an advantageous embodiment, the second device has a shunt resistor, wherein a voltage falling across the shunt resistor is supplied to the second rectifier via a second transformer-type coupling device, and the voltage rectified by the second rectifier is supplied to a parallel circuit formed by the second capacitor and the second resistor and is detected by a second voltage detection device of the signal electronics, in particular wherein a current fed into the shunt resistor flows through. The advantage here is that the current can additionally also be detected and adjusted in the direction of the current setpoint value.
In an alternative advantageous embodiment, the second device has a second transformer-type coupling device, through whose primary winding a current is fed, wherein a shunt resistor is connected in parallel with the secondary winding, and the voltage dropped across the shunt resistor is supplied to a second rectifier, and the voltage rectified by the second rectifier is supplied to a parallel circuit formed by a second capacitor and a second resistor and is detected by a second voltage detection device of the signal electronics. The advantage here is that the shunt resistor can also be arranged on the secondary side and thus cannot be directly penetrated by the current.
In an advantageous embodiment, a voltage detection device, which detects the voltage at the dc voltage-side connection of the inverter, is connected to the signal electronics. The advantage here is that the signal electronics can be equipped with, in particular, an integrated analog-to-digital converter, which enables a voltage to be detected in a cost-effective manner.
In an advantageous embodiment, the signal electronics are embodied in such a way that the drive signal generated by the signal electronics has a duty cycle which is adjusted in such a way that the peak value detected by the first device is set in the direction of the setpoint value, taking into account the voltage applied at the connection on the dc voltage side of the inverter. The advantage here is that an overvoltage which may damage the load, the filter capacitor or the semiconductors of the rectifier can be avoided.
In an advantageous embodiment, the signal electronics are embodied in such a way that the drive signal generated by the signal electronics has a duty cycle which is adjusted in such a way that, taking into account the voltage applied at the connection on the dc voltage side of the inverter, the duty cycle is adjusted in such a way that
Adjusting the peak value of the current drawn by the second means in the direction of the current theoretical value as long as the peak value of the time derivative of the current drawn by the first means does not exceed a predetermined threshold value,
Otherwise, i.e. as long as the peak value of the time derivative of the current acquired by the first means exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the peak value of the first time derivative of the acquired current is adjusted towards the threshold value.
The advantage here is that an overvoltage which may damage the load, the filter capacitor or the semiconductors of the rectifier can be avoided.
In an advantageous embodiment, the signal electronics are embodied in such a way that the drive signal generated by the signal electronics has a duty cycle which is adjusted in such a way that, taking into account the voltage applied at the connection on the dc voltage side of the inverter,
Adjusting the peak value of the current drawn by the second means in the direction of the current theoretical value as long as the peak value of the time derivative of the current drawn by the first means does not exceed a predetermined threshold value,
And if not, i.e. if the peak value of the time derivative of the current acquired by the first means exceeds a predetermined threshold value, switching off the inverter.
The advantage here is that an overvoltage which may damage the load, the filter capacitor or the semiconductors of the rectifier can be avoided.
In an advantageous embodiment, the gyrator has an inductance and a capacitance, which are dimensioned such that the associated resonant frequency corresponds to the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter. The advantage here is that the characteristic of the voltage source applied at the connection to the alternating voltage side of the inverter is converted into the characteristic of the current source of the output of the gyrator supplying the primary conductor. Thereby, a current having an effective value of constant magnitude is supplied to the primary conductor.
In an advantageous embodiment, the frequency of the fed-in current is between 10kHz and 1 MHz. The advantage here is that an intermediate frequency can be used and thus a high efficiency can be achieved.
In a method for operating a system for inductively transmitting electrical power, it is an important feature that a current, in particular a medium-frequency current, is fed from a current source into a primary conductor, in particular wherein the resonant frequency of an oscillating circuit formed by the primary conductor and a first capacitor is equal to the frequency of an alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by an inverter, wherein a secondary winding of a moving part, which is arranged movably and/or in a movable manner relative to the primary conductor, is inductively coupled to the primary conductor, wherein the secondary winding is connected in parallel and/or in series with a second capacitor, in particular such that the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit formed thereby is equal to the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter,
Wherein the maximum value of the time derivative of the current fed by the current source into the primary conductor, in particular of the fed current, i.e. the peak value occurring as the maximum value, is detected for the respective period of the alternating voltage, in particular on the primary side, and compared with a predetermined threshold value,
And/or wherein, in particular on the primary side, the peak value of the time derivative of the current fed into the primary conductor by the current source, in particular the fed current, is detected and compared with a predetermined threshold value,
Wherein the threshold value is exceeded when a predetermined threshold value is exceeded, i.e. in particular when the peak value exceeds the threshold value,
-Switching off the current source, or
-Reducing the output current of the current source such that it is below a threshold value.
The advantage here is that the value of the parameter proportional to the output voltage present on the secondary side is acquired on the primary side. Thereby, an overpressure on the secondary side can be avoided by taking place on the primary side.
In an advantageous embodiment, the current source has a commutator supplied by the inverter, wherein, when a threshold value is exceeded, in particular taking into account a voltage applied at a connection on the dc voltage side of the inverter, the duty cycle, in particular the modulation factor, of the alternating voltage supplied to the commutator by the inverter is set such that the output current of the current source is regulated in the direction of the current setpoint value. The advantage here is that an overpressure is avoided.
Further advantages result from the dependent claims. The invention is not limited to the combination of features described in the claims. Other reasonable combinations of the features of the claims and/or the individual claims and/or the features of the description and/or the figures will occur to those skilled in the art, especially from the purpose setting and/or the purpose proposed by comparison with the prior art.
Drawings
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the schematic drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a system for inductively transmitting electrical power by means of a schematic circuit diagram.
Fig. 2 shows a voltage U1 provided on the output side by an inverter 1 arranged on the primary side and a current I on the primary side and a voltage U2 on the secondary side, in particular an induced voltage.
Fig. 3 shows an additional current measurement in the system according to fig. 1.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figures, the system has an inverter 1 which supplies a voltage U1 to a gyrator 2 at its connection on the alternating voltage side. The voltage U1 is an alternating voltage having a frequency of a value between 10kHz and 1 MHz.
As shown in fig. 2, the inverter 1 may produce different modulation degrees (Aussteuerungsgrade), in particular duty cycles. In the case of the thin dotted line, the modulation degree is maximum, i.e., the alternating voltage is a pure square wave voltage. In the case of the dashed line, the positive and negative rectangles are separated from each other by a corresponding temporal gap, and thus there is a lower degree of control. In the case of solid lines, there is also a larger such void.
The inverter is supplied by a dc voltage, in particular an intermediate circuit voltage, wherein the dc voltage is not stable. The direct voltage is thus detected and the value of the detected direct voltage is supplied to the signal electronics 31, which adjusts the modulation according to the direct voltage in such a way that the voltage time area of the corresponding rectangle reaches the value used as control value for the regulator to which the current I detected on the primary side is supplied as actual value, and the regulator adjusts the control value in such a way that the actual value is adjusted in the direction of the predetermined setpoint value.
The gyrator 2 is embodied as a four-terminal circuit/four-terminal circuit and has a series circuit of an inductance Lg and a capacitance Cg, wherein an alternating voltage fed by the inverter 1 is applied to the series circuit at the input side of the four-terminal circuit. The voltage applied at the capacitor Cg is fed to the output of the four-terminal circuit, wherein-as shown in more detail in fig. 3-the time derivative of the current I is taken on the one hand at the output side of the gyrator and the current I itself is detected on the other hand.
To obtain the time derivative, an inductance L1 is set through which the current I flows. The voltage dropped across the inductance L1 is detected in a shunt manner by the transformer-type coupling device T1, in particular by a transformer. Since the voltage dropped across the inductance L1 is proportional to the time derivative, the voltage dropped across the transformer-type coupling T1 on the secondary side is proportional to the time derivative of the current I. The secondary-side measured voltage thus obtained is supplied to a rectifier 30, which is connected in parallel to a capacitor on the output side and to a resistor, the voltage dropping across the capacitor being detected by a signal electronics 31. In this way, the peak value of the time derivative of the current I is obtained. Preferably, the time constant for the capacitor to discharge through the resistor is greater than 10 times the cycle time of the fundamental oscillation of the current I.
An exemplary embodiment of this detection can be realized on the circuit board in that a conductor loop implemented as a conductor circuit can be arranged in the vicinity of the conductor circuit of the circuit board, which conducts the current I, such that the magnetic induction wire surrounding the conductor circuit passes at least partially through the area surrounded by the conductor loop.
The detection of the current I itself is performed in a similar manner, but wherein, instead of the inductance, a shunt resistor R2 is preferably used on the secondary side. For this purpose, a second conductor loop embodied as a conductor circuit can be arranged, for example, in the vicinity of the conductor circuit of the current path I of the circuit board, so that the magnetically induced wire surrounding the conductor circuit passes at least partially through the area surrounded by the second conductor loop, the conductor loop supplying the shunt resistor R2. The voltage falling across the shunt resistor R2 is detected, rectified by means of the second rectifier 32, and the output voltage of the second rectifier 32 is supplied to a further capacitor provided with a further resistor connected in parallel thereto and to the signal electronics 31. The time constant for the further capacitor to discharge through the further resistor is smaller than the time constant for the capacitor in parallel with the first rectifier 30 to discharge through the resistor in parallel with this capacitor.
The capacitance Cg and the inductance Lg are tuned to resonate with the frequency of the voltage U1 provided by the inverter 1. This converts the voltage source type characteristic of the connection portion on the alternating voltage side, that is, the output portion of the inverter 1, into the current source type characteristic on the output side of the gyrator. The primary conductor is thereby supplied by a current source which is especially non-ideal.
The output voltage of the gyrator powers a primary conductor, in particular a linear conductor 3, which is laid in a long-running manner in the installation, in particular in the floor of the installation. The inductance of the primary conductor is denoted by reference Ls. For compensation, a capacitance Cs is connected in series with the primary conductor. For this purpose, the capacitor Cs is dimensioned such that the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit formed by the capacitor Cs and the inductance Ls of the primary conductor is equal to the frequency of the voltage U1 supplied by the inverter 1.
The moving part, which is movable in the device, preferably has a secondary winding Lk on its underside, which is inductively coupled to the primary conductor. Thereby, the electric power can be inductively transmitted to the moving member. In fig. 1, an inductive coupling is shown as an ideal transformer, the inductance of the secondary side of which is denoted by Lk.
The capacitor Ck and the inductance Lk are connected in series or in parallel so that the resonance frequency of the oscillating circuit constituted by the capacitor Ck and the inductance Lk is equal to the frequency of the voltage U1 supplied by the inverter 1.
The voltage supplied by the oscillating circuit is supplied to a rectifier 5, after which a filter capacitor Ca is coupled, so that a smooth unipolar current, in particular a direct current, can be supplied to the load RL.
Now, if the load RL has a very large, in particular infinite resistance, or a very large, in particular infinite resistance, and/or a very high degree of modulation and/or a very short primary conductor, the current on the primary side is not purely sinusoidal but has at least one harmonic, so that for example the third or fifth harmonic is very pronounced.
Since the voltage on the secondary side follows the time derivative, an overvoltage is generated, so that the filter capacitor is supplied with a correspondingly high voltage, which also loads the load RL and the diodes of the rectifier.
According to the invention, dangerous high voltages are prevented by switching off the inverter 1 and thus the primary-side current when a threshold value is exceeded, or by reducing the modulation, in particular until the voltage falls within an allowable range.
In order to avoid such an overvoltage, according to the invention, the time derivative of the primary-side current I is detected by means of a transformer-type coupling device T1, in particular by means of a transformer, by detecting a voltage falling across an inductance L1 through which the primary-side current I flows, as is shown in fig. 3.
The advantage here is that the detection takes place on the primary side and the detected value is thus proportional to the voltage U2 induced in the inductance Lk on the secondary side.
Therefore, it is not necessary to transmit the value detected on the secondary side to the primary side on the data transmission channel.
The transformer-type coupling device T1 has a secondary winding, the voltage generated at the secondary winding being supplied to the first rectifier 30, the output voltage of which is supplied to a capacitor in parallel with the discharge resistor. The voltage applied at this capacitor is detected by the signal electronics 31 and a drive signal for the controllable semiconductor switches of the inverter 1 is determined from this voltage.
In this way, when the peak current value on the primary side is too high, the effective value of the output voltage of the inverter 1 can be reduced by reducing the modulation degree, thereby also reducing the harmonics. Preferably, the modulation of the output voltage of the inverter 1 is set by means of the regulating device in such a way that the current peak value is regulated in the direction of a predetermined setpoint value, as a function of the current peak value, in particular the current amplitude value, determined on the primary side.
The inductance L1 of the primary side of the transformer-type coupling device T is so small that the resonance tuning of the gyrator is not disturbed, i.e. the frequency is matched to the frequency of the output voltage of the inverter 1.
The discharge resistor is dimensioned such that the time constant for discharging the capacitor at the output of the rectifier 30 is greater than N times the cycle time of the output voltage of the inverter 1, wherein N has a value of between 1, in particular 2 and 10. In this way, the peak acquisition is sufficiently rapid to follow the maximum change.
Thus, according to the present invention, a state parameter that determines a state parameter of the secondary side is detected on the primary side. Thus, no data transfer from the mobile part to the signal electronics 31 or to the electronics connected to the signal electronics 31 for exchanging data is required.
Preferably, the effective value of the current on the primary side is between 10 amperes and 100 amperes. The frequency of the fundamental oscillation of the current on the primary side has a value between 10Khz and 1 MHz. For example, the coil on the secondary side of the first transformer-type coupling device T1 encloses an area between 1cm 2 and 10cm 2.
In a further embodiment according to the invention, the current detected on the primary side is time-derivative and the peak value of the time derivative is acquired, so that the state parameter detected in this way is compared with the state parameter detected on the secondary side
In other embodiments according to the invention, the inductance L1 is not arranged on the primary side of the transformer-type coupling device T1, but on the secondary side thereof.
In other embodiments according to the invention, the shunt resistor R2 is not arranged on the secondary side of the second transformer-type coupling device T2, but on the primary side thereof.
In a further development of the invention, the first capacitance Cs is selected such that
Wherein f is the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied by the inverter to the gyrator,
Where Ls is the inductance of the primary conductor,
Wherein Lg is the inductance of the gyrator, in particular wherein the gyrator has a series circuit consisting of inductance Lg and capacitance Cg, and an input voltage of the gyrator is present at the series circuit and an output voltage is applied at the capacitance Cg,
Wherein P is a predetermined power, in particular a rated power,
Wherein I is a predetermined current, in particular a rated current,
Where alpha _ min is a first angle value,
Wherein alpha _ max is a second angle value,
In particular, wherein the first angle value is smaller in magnitude than the second angle value,
In particular, wherein the first angle value has a value between 0 ° and 40 °, in particular between 10 ° and 30 °, and wherein the second angle value has a value between 0 ° and 40 °, in particular between 10 ° and 30 °.
The advantage here is that the inductance of the primary conductor is not completely compensated and thus the remaining effective inductance of the primary conductor can be matched to the inductance of the gyrator, so that as high an efficiency and/or as low a loss of power as possible can be achieved in the system.
List of reference numerals
1 Inverter
2 Gyrator
3 Linear conductor with compensation
4 Transformer head, in particular receiving section
5 Rectifier
30 Rectifier
31 Signal electronic device
32 Rectifier
Inductance of Lg gyrator
L1 measuring inductance
Shunt resistor with R2 arranged on secondary side
Capacitance of Cg gyrator
Cs is used to compensate the capacitance of the wire inductance Ls
Inductance of Ls primary conductor, especially wire inductance
Inductance of Lk transformer head 4
Ck capacitor
Ca filter capacitor
RL load
T1 transformer-type coupling device for detecting the time derivative of a current
T2 transformer type coupling device for detecting current
I primary side current
Output voltage of U1 inverter 1
Voltage on the U2 secondary side, in particular voltage induced in inductance Lk
Claims (15)
1. A system for inductively transmitting electrical power,
Wherein the system comprises a moving part, an inverter and a gyrator, a series circuit consisting of a primary conductor and a first capacitor,
Wherein the inverter supplies the gyrator, in particular an alternating voltage,
Wherein the gyrator supplies power to the series circuit, in particular wherein the connection of the inverter on the alternating voltage side is connected to the connection of the gyrator on the input side, the connection of the gyrator on the output side supplies power to the series circuit,
In particular, wherein the gyrator feeds an alternating current into the series circuit,
Wherein the moving part has a secondary winding, which is inductively or coupleable to the primary winding,
Wherein the secondary winding is connected in parallel and/or in series with the second capacitor, in particular such that the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit formed thereby is equal to the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter,
It is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
The system comprises a first device, which is connected to the signal electronics of the inverter and is configured to be suitable for each acquisition of the maximum value of the time derivative of the current fed into the series circuit by the gyrator, i.e. the peak value occurring as the maximum value,
And/or wherein the first means for detecting peaks of the time derivative of the current fed by the gyrator into the series circuit, in particular peaks occurring in the respective periods of the current fed by the gyrator into the series circuit, are connected to the signal electronics of the inverter.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary conductor is a primary conductor laid long at the ground of the system equipment, and that the moving member is movable along the primary conductor.
3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The first capacitance Cs has a negligible and/or near zero capacitance value, i.e., in particular zero farads,
In particular, the series circuit essentially consists of only the primary conductor.
4. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein,
The resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit, which is formed by the primary conductor and the first capacitance, is equal to the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter, in particular for completely compensating the inductance of the primary conductor,
And/or
The first capacitance Cs is chosen in such a way that, in particular in order to incompletely compensate the inductance of the primary conductor, it is appropriate that
Wherein f is the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied by the inverter to the gyrator,
Where Ls is the inductance of the primary conductor,
Wherein Lg is the inductance of the gyrator, in particular wherein the gyrator has a series circuit consisting of an inductance Lg and a capacitance Cg, at which series circuit the input voltage of the gyrator is applied, at which capacitance Cg the output voltage is applied,
Wherein P is a predetermined power, in particular a rated power,
Wherein I is a predetermined current, in particular a rated current,
Where alpha _ min is a first angle value,
Wherein alpha _ max is a second angle value,
In particular, wherein the first angle value is smaller in magnitude than the second angle value,
In particular, the first angle value has a value between 0 ° and 40 °, in particular between 10 ° and 30 °, and the second angle value has a value between 0 ° and 40 °, in particular between 10 ° and 30 °.
5. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein,
The inverter has two parallel circuits connected in series, wherein each of the series circuits has two semiconductor switches,
Wherein the signal electronics generate a drive signal for the semiconductor switch.
6. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein,
The second means for acquiring the peak value of the current fed by the gyrator into the series circuit are connected with the signal electronics of the inverter,
And/or
The first device has an inductance L1, wherein a voltage falling across the inductance is supplied to the first rectifier via a coupling device of a first transformer, and the voltage rectified by the first rectifier is supplied to a parallel circuit formed by a first capacitor and a resistor and is detected by a voltage detection device of the signal electronics, in particular wherein a current fed into the inductance L1 flows through.
7. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein,
The inductance L1 is a conductor circuit of the circuit board, wherein the conductor loop is arranged next to the conductor circuit such that the conductor loop is inductively coupled to the conductor circuit,
Wherein the conductor loop powers the first rectifier.
8. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein,
The second device has a shunt resistor, wherein the voltage falling across the shunt resistor is supplied via a coupling device of a second transformer to a second rectifier, the voltage rectified by the second rectifier being supplied to a parallel circuit formed by a second capacitor and a second resistor and being detected by a second voltage detection device of the signal electronics, in particular wherein the current fed in by the shunt resistor flows through,
And/or
The second device has a second transformer-type coupling device, through whose primary winding the fed current flows,
The shunt resistor is connected in parallel with the winding on the secondary side, and the voltage falling on the shunt resistor is supplied to the second rectifier, and the voltage rectified by the second rectifier is supplied to a parallel circuit composed of the second capacitor and the second resistor and is detected by the second voltage detecting means of the signal electronic device.
9. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a voltage detection device detecting the voltage at the junction of the dc voltage side of the inverter is connected to the signal electronics.
10. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signal electronics are embodied in a suitable manner such that the drive signal generated by the signal electronics has a duty cycle which is adjusted in such a way that the peak value detected by the first device is adjusted in the direction of the theoretical value taking into account the voltage applied at the connection on the dc voltage side of the inverter.
11. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein,
The signal electronics are embodied in such a way that the drive signal generated by the signal electronics has a duty cycle which is adjusted in such a way that, taking into account the voltage applied at the connection on the dc voltage side of the inverter, the duty cycle is adjusted in such a way that
Adjusting the peak value of the current drawn by the second means in the direction of the current theoretical value as long as the peak value of the time derivative of the current drawn by the first means does not exceed a predetermined threshold value,
Otherwise, i.e. as long as the peak value of the time derivative of the current acquired by the first means exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the peak value of the first time derivative of the acquired current is adjusted towards the threshold value.
12. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein,
The signal electronics are embodied in such a way that the drive signal generated by the signal electronics has a duty cycle which is adjusted in such a way that, taking into account the voltage applied at the connection on the dc voltage side of the inverter, the drive signal is controlled in such a way that,
Adjusting the peak value of the current drawn by the second means in the direction of the current theoretical value as long as the peak value of the time derivative of the current drawn by the first means does not exceed a predetermined threshold value,
Otherwise, i.e. if the peak value of the time derivative of the current acquired by the first means exceeds a predetermined threshold value, switching off the inverter.
13. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein,
The gyrator has an inductance and a capacitance, which are dimensioned such that the resonance frequency to which they belong is equal to the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter,
And/or
The frequency of the current fed in is between 10kHz and 1 MHz.
14. Method for operating a system for inductively transmitting electrical power, in particular for operating a system according to any of the preceding claims,
Wherein a current is fed from a current source into a primary conductor, in particular a current of intermediate frequency,
In particular, the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit formed by the primary conductor and the first capacitor is equal to the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter,
Wherein the secondary winding of the moving part, which is arranged movably and/or movably relative to the primary conductor, is inductively coupled to the primary conductor,
Wherein the secondary winding is connected in parallel and/or in series with the second capacitor, in particular such that the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit formed thereby is equal to the frequency of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter,
It is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
For the respective period of the current fed into the series circuit by the gyrator, the polarity of the time derivative of the current fed into the series circuit by the gyrator, i.e. the peak value occurring as the maximum value,
And/or
In particular on the primary side, a peak value of the current fed into the primary conductor by the current source, in particular the time derivative of the fed current, is acquired, and compared with a predetermined threshold value,
Wherein the peak value is determined when the peak value exceeds a predetermined threshold value, i.e. in particular when the peak value exceeds the threshold value,
-Switching off the current source, or
-Reducing the output current of the current source such that it is below a threshold value.
15. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that,
The current source has a gyrator powered by an inverter,
When the threshold value is exceeded, in particular when the voltage applied at the direct voltage-side connection of the inverter is taken into account, the duty cycle, in particular the modulation degree, of the alternating voltage supplied to the gyrator by the inverter is set such that the output current of the current source is set in the direction of the current setpoint value.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021005887.9 | 2021-11-29 | ||
| DE102021005887 | 2021-11-29 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/082226 WO2023094253A1 (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2022-11-17 | System for inductively transmitting electric power |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118216059A true CN118216059A (en) | 2024-06-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280070131.XA Pending CN118216059A (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2022-11-17 | System for inductively transmitting electric power |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4441878A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN118216059A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102022004254A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023094253A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10053373B4 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2019-10-02 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg | Method and device for contactless energy transmission |
| WO2002045227A2 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-06 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co | Method for protecting at least one consumer against surges and a device for carrying out said method |
| DE102006010256B4 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2020-08-20 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg | System with feed-in of medium-frequency currents in route sections and processes |
| EP3488452A2 (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2019-05-29 | SEW-Eurodrive GmbH & Co | System for inductive energy transmission to a vehicle movably arranged on a movement surface, in particular a movement plane |
| DE102018005576A1 (en) | 2017-08-16 | 2019-02-21 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Inductive energy transfer system to a handset and method of operating an electrical device |
| US11342793B2 (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2022-05-24 | Aira, Inc. | Detection of device removal from a surface of a multi-coil wireless charging device |
-
2022
- 2022-11-17 CN CN202280070131.XA patent/CN118216059A/en active Pending
- 2022-11-17 EP EP22817770.5A patent/EP4441878A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-17 WO PCT/EP2022/082226 patent/WO2023094253A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-11-17 DE DE102022004254.1A patent/DE102022004254A1/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| DE102022004254A1 (en) | 2023-06-01 |
| EP4441878A1 (en) | 2024-10-09 |
| WO2023094253A1 (en) | 2023-06-01 |
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