CN118203299B - Dynamic vision detection system under different contrasts - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dynamic vision detection system under different contrast ratios, which comprises a screen, a sighting target display unit, a sighting target control unit, a data processing unit, an information acquisition unit, a data storage unit and a data output unit; the data processing unit is used for automatically calculating a dynamic vision value according to the detection result, and the calculation logic is as follows: finding the minimum optotype size O1 capable of correctly identifying X dynamic optotypes; the number of the optotypes with the size smaller than O1 by one is O2, and the number of the optotypes which can be correctly identified by O2 is N; z is the display number of the optotypes with the same size; automatically calculating a dynamic vision value according to a formula-lgO 2+ (Z-N) (0.1/Z); the data storage unit is used for automatically storing data in the whole testing process including the testing result; the data output unit is used for automatically outputting the result to the result interface according to the format of contrast, dynamic vision value and optotype movement speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vision testing, in particular to a dynamic vision testing system under different contrasts.
Background
Dynamic vision is defined as the ability of a subject to recognize details of a visual target when there is relative motion between the subject and the visual target, with the dynamic vision being quantitatively assessed by the minimum viewing angle at a particular rate of motion. Currently, the clinical evaluation of visual functions of patients in ophthalmology is mainly limited to static visual functions, including static vision, static contrast sensitivity and the like, and attention to dynamic visual functions is little. However, with the continuous progress of surgical techniques, the growing variety of functional intraocular lenses, and the increasing pursuit of vision quality, the means of evaluating visual functions of ophthalmic patients are also being updated synchronously. Dynamic vision is closely related to life quality, in daily life, a moving object occupies most visual targets, good dynamic vision is important to high-quality life quality and personal safety, therefore, the traditional static vision function detection can not meet clinical requirements, and the dynamic vision function detection is incorporated into an eye patient vision function assessment system.
Furthermore, the dynamic and static visual signals differ in the pathways of transmission within the brain. The static visual information is transmitted through two paths after being sent out from the occipital lobe, one is for processing spatial position information of the dorsal path and the other is for identifying the ventral path and the object. In the transmission of dynamic visual information, dynamic visual signals emitted by primary visual cortex, thalamus pillow and lateral knee neurons are transmitted to the medial temporal lobe vision zone (MT/V5). According to the diversity of functions of different areas of the brain, signals processed by MT/V5 are further projected to different functional areas, so that different dynamic visual signals are perceived by people. Because of the different conduction paths, the evaluation value of the dynamic vision examination and the static vision examination on different ophthalmic diseases clinically is different, so that the evaluation of the dynamic vision function is of great significance.
On the other hand, in some diseases, performing dynamic vision assessment is more of an early diagnostic value than static vision, thus improving the prognosis of the patient. The human lateral knee directly receives visual signals from the retina and projects the visual signals to the occipital visual center. The lateral knee is mainly divided into 6 layers, the inner 2 layers consisting of large cells, called the large cell layer (M); the outer 4 layers consist of small cells, called the minicell layers (P). Different neurons tend to transmit different visual signals, M neurons being primarily related to the perception of object motion velocity, position change, and other rapid visual changes on a large spatial scale, primarily transmitting high time frequency signals; the P neurons are mainly related to the perception of the shape and color of the object, and mainly transmit visual signals with high spatial frequency and low time frequency, so that the generation relationship between the M channel and the motion vision is more intimate. At the same time, the extent of damage to different neurons caused by different ocular lesions may vary, for example, the M-way may be selectively impaired in early glaucoma patients, and thus dynamic vision may be correspondingly impaired earlier.
Currently, dynamic vision examination of optotype movements is commonly used in ophthalmic clinic to evaluate the dynamic visual function of a patient. Dynamic vision examination of optotype movement can be divided into mechanical display of dynamic optotype and computer display of dynamic optotype. The dynamic optotype is displayed by a mechanical method, the movement of the optotype is driven by the movement of a mechanical device, the method has the advantages that the display of the dynamic optotype is closer to an object moving in real life, the display of the dynamic optotype is not influenced by the refreshing frequency and the response time of the computer screen; a disadvantage is that the display of the optotype requires a specific physical mechanical device. The mechanical method can be subdivided into the integral movement of the driving device and the optotype and the movement of the driving device not moving only the optotype. The whole movement of the driving device and the sighting target is represented by using a power model vehicle as a driving loading entity sighting target to move. E-shaped optotypes with identical sizes are manufactured according to standard logarithmic visual charts, a power model vehicle is used as a driving device, and a plurality of optotypes with different sizes are carried on a loading vehicle each time and gradually reduced from left to right, and adjacent optotypes have different directions, so that the loading vehicle moves from left to right in front of a tested person at a certain speed. And (3) adjusting the height of the seat of the subject to keep the two-eye level and the center of the sighting target at the same height, ordering the subject to rapidly recognize the direction of the moving sighting target on the loading vehicle from left to right under the condition of keeping the head and the body still, marking the earliest erroneous sighting target value recognized by the patient, recording the last row of the sighting target value as a dynamic vision value, and repeating the detection for a plurality of times to obtain an average value as a final result. The drive device is not moving only the dynamic vision testing system represented by the optotype movement KOWA HI-10 (Kowa company, ltd., japan). The system includes a front surface mirror vertically fixed to a turntable, the rotational speed of which is controlled by a variable speed motor. A projector was used to project the Landolt-C onto a mirror, which specularly reflected the optotype onto a white post screen. The mirror is driven to rotate at different speeds through the rotation of the turntable, so that the sighting target horizontally moves from left to right at different speeds, and the movement speed of the sighting target is set to be gradually slowed down. The head of the subject is fixed by a forehead support, the subject is ordered to recognize the sighting mark, the fastest speed of the subject to recognize the sighting mark is recorded, and the detection is repeated for a plurality of times to obtain an average value as a final result. The computer display dynamic optotype can generate dynamic LogMAR optotypes with different sizes, speeds and movement modes by using a computer program according to input parameters, and the optotype is projected onto a curtain in front of a testee by using a projector or is directly displayed by using a specific display, so that the size of the minimum optotype which can be recognized by a testee at a specific speed is recorded, or the fastest speed of the optotype can be recognized at the specific size. The computer method has the advantages that a complex mechanical power device is not required, and the detection method is close to the detection method of the clinical static vision; the disadvantage is that the display of dynamic optotype may be affected by the refresh frequency and response time of the computer itself. The above inspection methods can only display single and high-contrast dynamic optotypes at present, namely, the background is white, the optotypes are black, the contrast is 100%, and the contrast between a moving object and the background observed by different people in daily life is different, so that the current dynamic vision detection method of the single-contrast visual target has obvious limitations.
Contrast refers to a measure of the different brightness levels between the brightest white and darkest black of a bright-dark region in an image, with a larger range of differences representing a larger contrast and a smaller range of differences representing a smaller contrast. The calculation formula of the optical contrast is (Lmax-Lmin)/(Lmax+Lmin), wherein Lmax is the brightness of the brightest point on the gray scale display, and Lmin is the brightness of the darkest point on the gray scale display. If the gamma value of the screen is not considered, the contrast may be mapped approximately linearly to the gray value of the screen. The ability of a human to recognize a visual target is affected by the contrast between the optotype and the background. For targets with different spatial frequencies, the contrast threshold required for humans to recognize is not the same. The current methods for evaluating the relationship between the spatial frequency of the visual system recognition object and the contrast threshold are mainly divided into two types, namely contrast sensitivity inspection and contrast vision inspection. Contrast sensitivity checking is used to evaluate the contrast threshold required to identify optotypes with a particular spatial frequency. For the selected spatial frequency, the pictures with the spatial frequency under different contrasts are sequentially displayed in the examination to enable the testee to recognize, and the contrast gradually decreases until the testee is tested to be capable of identifying the minimum contrast required by the optotype. The contrast sensitivity instrument commonly used in clinic is VECTOR VISION CSV-1000E type contrast sensitivity instrument, and can be used for evaluating the visual quality of cataract patients before and after operation, evaluating amblyopia training and the like. Contrast vision is the smallest optotype that can be identified by evaluating a particular contrast. For the selected contrast, the static optotype with the contrast under different resolution angles is displayed in sequence in the examination, and the resolution angle is gradually reduced until the minimum resolution angle which can be identified by the tested person is tested. Visual charts with 10%,30% and 50% contrast are commonly used in clinical ophthalmology. Such methods can only evaluate the spatial frequency versus contrast threshold in static vision, whereas in daily life there is often relative motion between objects around us and the observer, and different targets often have different temporal frequencies. In the input process of the visual signal, the integration of time and space frequency is needed, and the integration is not only the space frequency. There is currently a lack of methods to evaluate spatial frequency versus contrast threshold in dynamic vision.
The dynamic contrast sensitivity test previously invented by the applicant of the present application is capable of displaying sinusoidal fringes with different spatial frequencies, temporal frequencies, directions of motion and contrast during the examination. In the testing process, for the moving sinusoidal stripe optotype with specific spatial frequency and time frequency, the optotypes with different contrasts are displayed in turn, so that the testee can recognize the moving direction of the optotypes, and the contrast is gradually reduced until the testee cannot recognize the moving direction of the optotypes, and the contrast threshold value recognized by the testee for the optotypes with specific spatial frequency and time frequency is tested. The inspection mode is used for evaluating contrast threshold values of the optotype under specific space and time frequency, and is inconvenient to test and popularize due to excessive factors. On the other hand, the optotype is sinusoidal stripes, which is different from the optotype of the traditional application of the ophthalmology.
In summary, the disadvantages of the prior art mainly include:
1) Most of the dynamic vision inspection methods for ophthalmic clinical application utilize a screen to display a single high-contrast dynamic visual target with a certain movement speed and movement direction, namely, the test background is white, the visual target is black, the contrast is 100%, and the inspected person is a certain distance away from the screen, and meanwhile, the details of the dynamic visual target are judged. The detection scheme can only detect single-patient high-contrast dynamic vision, and the contrast of moving objects observed by people in life is different, so that the detection method cannot fully reflect the dynamic vision function. Currently, no method for detecting dynamic vision with different contrast is available.
2) Current contrast vision tests are used to evaluate the smallest optotype that can be identified at a particular contrast. Typical contrasts include low contrasts of 10%,30% and 50%. The applied optotype is a static optotype. Whereas in daily life the optotypes around us have relative movements with respect to the observer, so that evaluation based on static optotypes only has obvious limitations. In addition, in the input process of the visual signal, integration of time and space is required, not only spatial frequency. There is currently a lack of methods to evaluate spatial frequency versus contrast threshold in dynamic vision.
3) The dynamic contrast sensitivity test previously invented by the applicant of the present application is capable of displaying sinusoidal fringes with different spatial frequencies, temporal frequencies, directions of motion and contrast during the examination. The inspection mode is used for evaluating contrast threshold values of the optotype under specific space and time frequency, and is inconvenient to test and popularize due to excessive factors. On the other hand, the optotype is sinusoidal stripes, which is different from the optotype of the traditional application of the ophthalmology.
Accordingly, to address the above shortcomings, the present invention combines dynamic vision testing with contrast vision testing to provide a dynamic vision testing system that visually detects and identifies different contrast targets.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic vision testing system under different contrasts, and at least aims to solve the technical problems of combining dynamic vision testing with contrast vision testing, and provides a dynamic vision testing system which can conveniently test dynamic optotypes with different contrasts in the ophthalmic clinical diagnosis and treatment process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a dynamic vision testing system under different contrast ratios, which comprises a screen, a visual target display unit, a visual target control unit, a data processing unit, an information acquisition unit, a data storage unit and a data output unit, wherein the visual target display unit, the visual target control unit, the information acquisition unit, the data storage unit and the data output unit are all connected with the data processing unit;
The visual target display unit is used for displaying a dynamic visual target which moves horizontally from left to right on a screen; the contrast of the optotype can be adjusted according to the test requirement;
the sighting target control unit can automatically adjust the pixel points of the sighting target moving every second and the sighting target size, namely the pixel value occupied by the sighting target, according to the width of an actually used screen;
The data processing unit is used for automatically calculating a dynamic vision value according to the detection result, and the calculation logic is as follows: finding the minimum optotype size O1 capable of correctly identifying X dynamic optotypes; the number of the optotypes with the size smaller than O1 by one is O2, and the number of the optotypes which can be correctly identified by O2 is N; z is the display number of the optotypes with the same size; automatically calculating a dynamic vision value according to a formula-lgO 2+ (Z-N) (0.1/Z);
The information acquisition unit is used for acquiring the related information of the optotype (including the speed of the optotype, the size of the optotype and the contrast of the optotype), the information input by the judging device, the related information of the testee (including the ID of the testee) and the related information of the screen (including the width of the screen);
The data storage unit is used for automatically storing data including a test result in the whole test process, wherein the data comprises an ID of a tested person, a screen width, a contrast of the optotype, the sizes and speeds of all the displayed optotypes displayed in sequence under the corresponding contrast, the opening direction of the actually displayed optotype and the opening direction of the optotype judged by the tested person;
The data output unit is used for automatically outputting the result to the result interface according to the format of the contrast ratio, the dynamic vision value and the movement speed of the optotype after the dynamic vision of the optotype contrast ratio or the movement speed of the optotype is tested and the dynamic vision value is calculated according to a formula.
Preferably, the dynamic vision testing system under different contrast ratios further comprises a computer for testing, an integrated control panel and a determiner; the screen is connected with the computer and is used for displaying dynamic optotypes with different contrasts; the judging device is connected with the computer and the screen and is used for judging the direction of the displayed sighting target by the tested person; the integrated control panel is connected with a computer and used for controlling the display of the dynamic vision optotype; the computer is connected with other components and is used for running a detection program to display a dynamic visual target, judging whether the direction pressed by the judging device is correct or incorrect, and receiving control information of the integrated control panel.
Preferably, the requirements of the test computer and the screen are selected according to the movement speed of the test optotype.
Preferably, when the movement speed of the optotype is less than 50 degrees/second, a screen with a refresh frequency of 60Hz is selected, and the response time of the screen is less than 2ms.
Preferably, when the movement speed of the optotype is greater than 50 degrees/second, a screen with a refresh frequency of 144Hz or 200Hz is selected, and the response time of the screen is less than 1ms.
Preferably, the brightness of the screen at the time of testing is not lower than 200cd/m 2.
Preferably, four keys are provided on the determiner, arrows facing up, down, left and right are respectively drawn on the keys to represent letter opening directions, the determiner is held in the hand of the testee, after the testee sees the dynamic optotype displayed on the screen, the keys corresponding to the judged opening directions of the dynamic optotype are pressed, and then the computer program compares the actually displayed optotype with the optotype judged by the testee, so that the error recognition of the testee is automatically judged.
Preferably, the integrated control panel is used for controlling the display of the dynamic optotype, and comprises a dynamic optotype direction control module, a speed control module, a size control module and a contrast control module; the dynamic visual target direction control module is used for displaying visual targets with corresponding opening directions on a screen after an up-down left-right key in the dynamic visual target direction control module is pressed, and randomly displaying visual targets with openings facing a certain direction after a key in the center of the up-down left-right direction key is pressed; the speed control module is used for respectively increasing and decreasing corresponding speed values by pressing the upper key and the lower key according to preset parameters; the size control module presses the up and down keys to increase and decrease the corresponding values corresponding to the size of the sighting marks according to preset parameters; and the contrast control module presses the up and down keys to increase and decrease the corresponding values respectively corresponding to the sizes of the optotypes according to preset parameters.
Preferably, the computer running program has a multifunctional module for displaying dynamic optotypes with certain sizes along a specific direction, at a certain speed and with a certain contrast on a screen according to set parameters; the device is used for receiving the direction judging information pressed by the judging device and comparing the direction judging information with the information input by the sighting target control unit so as to judge whether the judgment of the testee is correct or incorrect; the computer can also receive input control information of the integrated control panel and is used for processing the input information so as to adjust the optotype and display the optotype according to the input parameters.
Preferably, the dynamic optotype is capital letter E with an opening facing up, down, left or right, and the letter is designed to be the same as a standard logarithmic visual chart, namely, a square E-type optotype with three strokes of equal length is adopted, and each stroke or gap is 1/5 of the side length of the square.
Preferably, the optotype display unit displays the dynamic optotype under the control of the integrated control panel, and the letter E moves from leftmost to rightmost of the screen in the horizontal direction and disappears after moving to rightmost.
The optotype control unit enables the dynamic vision detection system with different contrast ratios to have an automatic adjustment function. Because the unit of the speed of the optotype used in the application is degree (visual angle)/second, the speed is converted into how many pixels are moved every refresh to realize the speed by a computer. Assuming that the refresh frequency of the screen is f, the time required for refreshing once is 1/f second, and when the speed of the movement of the optotype is v degrees/second, the viewing angle θ=v/f degrees= (pi/180) × (v/f) rad of the movement of the optotype is refreshed once. The pixel value P 1 =tan (θ/2) ×d×2× (P/L) of one optotype movement is refreshed by inputting a test distance D, a screen width L, and a total pixel value P in the horizontal direction of the screen in advance before the test starts.
Assuming that the inverse of the input optotype size (expressed in decimal) is w 1, the optotype forms a viewing angle of 5w 1. Assuming that the test distance is D, the screen width is L, and the total pixel value in the screen horizontal direction is P, the optotype occupies a pixel value P' =tan (5 w 1 ×pi/2×180) ×d×2× (P/L).
Preferably, the optotype control unit further has an optotype size and speed switching function, and can switch the optotype displayed on the screen between the optotypes with different adjacent sizes and speeds.
Preferably, the specific implementation method of the switching function of the size of the optotype is as follows: a series of dynamic optotype sizes are preset according to the optotype sizes in the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, wherein the dynamic optotype sizes comprise 0.1,0.125,0.16,0.2,0.25,0.32,0.4,0.5,0.625,0.8,1.0,1.25 and 1.6; setting a switching strategy in an initial value setting interface in advance, wherein the switching strategy is adjustable, and the common switching strategy is that a size switching interval is 1 when a visual target which is larger than or smaller than a currently displayed visual target is switched to; the implementation mode is to press a size switching key in the integrated control panel, so that the quick switching of the size of the optotype is realized.
Preferably, the specific implementation method of the switching function of the speed of the optotype is as follows: setting a switching strategy in an initial value setting interface in advance, wherein the switching strategy is adjustable, and the common switching strategy is to switch to 5 degrees/second faster or 5 degrees/second slower than the movement speed of the currently displayed optotype; the implementation mode is to press a speed switching key in the integrated control panel, so that the quick switching of the movement speed of the optotype is realized.
Preferably, the optotype control unit further has an optotype contrast fast switching function; the calculation formula of the optical contrast is (Lmax-Lmin)/(Lmax+Lmin), wherein Lmax is the brightness of the brightest point on the gray scale display, and Lmin is the brightness of the darkest point on the gray scale display; the contrast ratio of the dynamic visual target is displayed in a range of 0-100%, 0-100% of the contrast ratio of the dynamic visual target and RGB values (X, X, X) of the dynamic visual target are linearly mapped one by one from (0, 0) to (255, 255, 255), and therefore the dynamic visual target with different contrast ratios is displayed.
The invention also provides a dynamic vision testing method of the dynamic vision testing system under different contrast ratios, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation before testing: opening and connecting a computer, a screen, an integrated control panel and a determiner, running test software on the computer, jumping to a preset interface, and inputting a patient ID and a test screen width; the seat position of a tested person is adjusted, and the distance between the seat and the screen is measured by using a tape measure so as to ensure the accuracy of the test distance; the height of the seat of the tested person is adjusted, so that the tested person can look at the sighting mark in a head-on manner; clicking 'determining', jumping to a pre-training setting interface, wherein setting contents on the pre-training setting interface comprise whether pre-training is carried out, the size of a pre-training sighting target, the speed of the sighting target and the contrast of the sighting target, and clicking 'determining' enters an initial value setting interface; if the direct click does not perform the pre-training, the initial value setting interface is directly jumped without inputting the pre-training optotype size, the optotype speed and the optotype contrast; the setting content on the initial value setting interface comprises initial optotype size, initial optotype speed, initial optotype contrast, optotype size switching interval, optotype speed switching interval, optotype contrast switching interval, optotype display number Z of the same size, number X correctly judged when switching to the optotype with the size of one number when selecting the second logic, optotype size Y of detecting termination when selecting the first logic and automatic test mode logic; the automatic test mode logic comprises a first logic, namely Z visual marks of each size are displayed, and then the visual marks are switched to a small first visual mark until the Y test of the size of the visual mark is terminated; the second logic is to switch to the first size optotype if each size optotype judges that the X number of optotypes are correct, until the minimum size optotype that the testee cannot judge the X number of optotypes correctly appears; after the setting is completed, clicking the 'determination' of the initial value setting interface to enter the next interface, if the pre-training setting interface is selected not to be pre-trained, directly entering the test interface, otherwise, entering the pre-training interface; according to the pre-training setting content, manually pressing a key on the integrated control panel to display a dynamic visual target, guiding a tested person to observe and fully know the mode of letter movement, and clicking 'determining' to enter a test interface after the pre-training is finished;
(2) Formally testing: pressing a key corresponding to the judged opening direction of the dynamic visual target after the test interface is pressed to start the test and order the tested person to see the dynamic visual target displayed on the screen, and automatically judging the error recognized by the tested person by a computer; if the letters disappear on the right side of the screen, the tested person does not press any key of the judging device, and the tested person is automatically judged to judge the error; automatically completing one-time detection according to preset logic, automatically calculating a dynamic vision value according to a formula, displaying the dynamic vision value in a DVA (dynamic vision) of a calculation column, automatically outputting a result to a result interface according to a format of contrast, the dynamic vision value and the movement speed of a visual target, and popping up a dialog window prompt of 'completed output' on a test interface after successful output; after testing the dynamic vision at one sighting target speed, adjusting the sighting target speed and the contrast ratio by using the integrated control panel, and repeating the steps, thereby testing the dynamic vision at different sighting target speeds and different contrast ratios;
(3) After the test is completed, the ESC is pressed down to exit the test interface and enter the result interface, and all output results and dynamic vision curves are checked.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the dynamic vision testing system under different contrasts combines contrast sensitivity detection with a dynamic vision testing method for displaying dynamic targets by using a computer screen, so as to obtain the testing method for testing the dynamic vision of the human eyes to observe the visual targets with different contrasts. On one hand, the invention can conveniently and effectively detect the dynamic vision of a tested person for observing visual targets with different contrast ratios; on the other hand, the device does not need special examination equipment, thereby being beneficial to reducing the cost and being widely popularized in clinic.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and do not limit the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the arbiter according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated control panel according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the modules of the dynamic vision testing system under different contrasts according to the present invention.
FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of a test interface of the present invention under high contrast.
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of a test interface of the present invention at low contrast.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pre-training setup interface.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an initial value setting interface.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a prompt for completion of output.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a results interface.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a default interface.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a pre-training interface.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in more detail below to facilitate an understanding of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the dynamic vision detection system with different contrast ratios according to the present invention includes a screen, a target display unit, a target control unit, a data processing unit, an information acquisition unit, a data storage unit and a data output unit, wherein the target display unit, the target control unit, the information acquisition unit, the data storage unit and the data output unit are all connected with the data processing unit;
The visual target display unit is used for displaying a dynamic visual target which moves horizontally from left to right on a screen; the contrast of the optotype can be adjusted according to the test requirement;
the sighting target control unit can automatically adjust the pixel points of the sighting target moving every second and the sighting target size, namely the pixel value occupied by the sighting target, according to the width of an actually used screen;
The data processing unit is used for automatically calculating a dynamic vision value according to the detection result, and the calculation logic is as follows: finding the minimum optotype size O1 capable of correctly identifying X dynamic optotypes; the number of the optotypes with the size smaller than O1 by one is O2, and the number of the optotypes which can be correctly identified by O2 is N; z is the display number of the optotypes with the same size; automatically calculating a dynamic vision value according to a formula-lgO 2+ (Z-N) (0.1/Z);
The information acquisition unit is used for acquiring the related information of the optotype (including the speed of the optotype, the size of the optotype and the contrast of the optotype), the information input by the judging device, the related information of the testee (including the ID of the testee) and the related information of the screen (including the width of the screen);
The data storage unit is used for automatically storing data including a test result in the whole test process, wherein the data comprises an ID of a tested person, a screen width, a contrast of the optotype, the sizes and speeds of all the displayed optotypes displayed in sequence under the corresponding contrast, the opening direction of the actually displayed optotype and the opening direction of the optotype judged by the tested person;
The data output unit is used for automatically outputting the result to the result interface according to the format of the contrast ratio, the dynamic vision value and the movement speed of the optotype after the dynamic vision of the optotype contrast ratio or the movement speed of the optotype is tested and the dynamic vision value is calculated according to a formula.
Preferably, the dynamic vision testing system under different contrast ratios further comprises a computer for testing, an integrated control panel and a determiner; the screen is connected with the computer and is used for displaying dynamic optotypes with different contrasts; the judging device is connected with the computer and the screen and is used for judging the direction of the displayed sighting target by the tested person; the integrated control panel is connected with a computer and used for controlling the display of the dynamic vision optotype; the computer is connected with other components and is used for running a detection program to display a dynamic visual target, judging whether the direction pressed by the judging device is correct or incorrect, and receiving control information of the integrated control panel.
The requirements of the test computer and the screen are selected according to the movement speed of the test optotype: a screen with refresh frequency of 60Hz can be selected for a test with a lower speed (the movement speed of the optotype is less than 50 degrees/second), and most computers or screens on the market can meet the requirements; if a higher speed test (optotype movement speed greater than 50 degrees/second) of dynamic vision is required, a higher refresh rate of screen support, such as 144Hz or 200Hz, is required. The response time of the test screen is less than 2ms, and for a optotype that is tested for high-speed movement, it is recommended that the corresponding time of the test screen is less than 1ms. The screen brightness is not lower than 200cd/m 2 in the test, and the screen brightness is required to be uniform, constant, reflective-free and glaring-free.
Four keys are respectively drawn on the judgment device (see figure 1), arrows facing upwards, downwards, leftwards and rightwards are respectively drawn on the keys to represent letter opening directions, the judgment device is held in the hand by a testee, after the testee sees a dynamic visual target displayed on the screen, the keys corresponding to the judged opening directions of the dynamic visual target are pressed, and then the actually displayed visual target is compared with the visual target judged by the testee by a computer program, so that the error recognized by the testee is automatically judged.
The integrated control panel (see fig. 2) is used for controlling the display of dynamic vision, and comprises a dynamic optotype direction control module, a speed control module, a size control module and a contrast control module. And after the key at the center of the up, down, left and right direction keys is pressed, the optotype with the opening facing a certain direction randomly appears. And the speed control module is used for respectively increasing and decreasing corresponding speed values by pressing the upper key and the lower key according to preset parameters. And pressing the up and down keys in the size control module according to preset parameters to increase and decrease the size of the visual target by corresponding values respectively. And the contrast control module presses the up and down keys to increase and decrease the corresponding values respectively corresponding to the sizes of the optotypes according to preset parameters.
The computer is connected with other components. The computer running program has multifunctional module for displaying dynamic visual mark in certain direction, certain speed, certain contrast and certain size on the screen according to the set parameters; the device is used for receiving the direction judging information pressed by the judging device and comparing the direction judging information with the information input by the sighting target control unit so as to judge whether the judgment of the testee is correct or incorrect; the computer can also receive input control information of the integrated control panel and is used for processing the input information so as to adjust the optotype and display the optotype according to the input parameters.
The test environment should be darker to avoid glare or sunlight from directing to the screen. The ambient temperature should be appropriate, as measured by the comfort of the subject.
Preferably, the dynamic optotype is capital letter E with an opening facing up, down, left or right, and the letter is designed to be the same as a standard logarithmic visual chart, namely, a square E-type optotype with three strokes of equal length is adopted, and each stroke or gap is 1/5 of the side length of the square.
Preferably, the optotype display unit displays the dynamic optotype under the control of the integrated control panel, and the letter E moves from leftmost to rightmost of the screen in the horizontal direction and disappears after moving to rightmost.
The optotype control unit enables the dynamic vision detection system with different contrast ratios to have an automatic adjustment function. Because the unit of the speed of the optotype used in the application is degree (visual angle)/second, the speed is converted into how many pixels are moved every refresh to realize the speed by a computer. Assuming that the refresh frequency of the screen is f, the time required for refreshing once is 1/f second, and when the speed of the movement of the optotype is v degrees/second, the viewing angle θ=v/f degrees= (pi/180) × (v/f) rad of the movement of the optotype is refreshed once. The pixel value P 1 =tan (θ/2) ×d×2× (P/L) of one optotype movement is refreshed by inputting a test distance D, a screen width L, and a total pixel value P in the horizontal direction of the screen in advance before the test starts.
Assuming that the inverse of the input optotype size (expressed in decimal) is w 1, the optotype forms a viewing angle of 5w 1. Assuming that the test distance is D, the screen width is L, and the total pixel value in the screen horizontal direction is P, the optotype occupies a pixel value P' =tan (5 w 1 ×pi/2×180) ×d×2× (P/L).
Preferably, the optotype control unit further has an optotype size and speed switching function, and can switch the optotype displayed on the screen between the optotypes with different adjacent sizes and speeds.
Preferably, the specific implementation method of the switching function of the size of the optotype is as follows: a series of dynamic optotype sizes are preset according to the optotype sizes in the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, wherein the dynamic optotype sizes comprise 0.1,0.125,0.16,0.2,0.25,0.32,0.4,0.5,0.625,0.8,1.0,1.25 and 1.6; setting a switching strategy in an initial value setting interface in advance, wherein the switching strategy is adjustable, and the common switching strategy is that a size switching interval is 1 when a visual target which is larger than or smaller than a currently displayed visual target is switched to; the implementation mode is to press a size switching key in the integrated control panel, so that the quick switching of the size of the optotype is realized. The current optotype size may be presented in a status bar below the test interface (see fig. 4).
Preferably, the specific implementation method of the switching function of the speed of the optotype is as follows: setting a switching strategy in an initial value setting interface in advance, wherein the switching strategy is adjustable, and the common switching strategy is to switch to 5 degrees/second faster or 5 degrees/second slower than the movement speed of the currently displayed optotype; the implementation mode is to press a speed switching key in the integrated control panel, so that the quick switching of the movement speed of the optotype is realized. The current speed of movement may be presented in a status bar below the test interface (see fig. 4).
Preferably, the optotype control unit further has an optotype contrast fast switching function.
The calculation formula of the optical contrast is (Lmax-Lmin)/(Lmax+Lmin), wherein Lmax is the brightness of the brightest point on the gray scale display, and Lmin is the brightness of the darkest point on the gray scale display. If the gamma value of the screen is not considered, the contrast may be mapped approximately linearly to the gray value of the screen. The display range of the contrast of the dynamic optotype is 0-100%, 0-100% of the contrast of the optotype is linearly mapped with RGB values (X, X, X) of the optotype from (0, 0) to (255, 255, 255) one by one, so that the display of the dynamic optotype with different contrast is realized (the optotype with high contrast and low contrast is shown in fig. 4a and 4 b).
The specific implementation method of the sighting target contrast rapid switching function comprises the following steps: the switching strategy is set in the initial value setting interface in advance, the switching strategy is adjustable, and the common switching strategy is to switch to the contrast ratio of the current display visual target to be increased by 1% or decreased by 1%. The implementation mode is to press a contrast switching key in the integrated control panel, so that the quick switching of the contrast of the optotype is realized. The current contrast may be presented in a status bar below the test interface (see fig. 4a, 4 b).
Preferably, the dynamic vision detection system under different contrast is also provided with an automatic test function; the automatic test process comprises pre-training and formal test, wherein the setting content of the pre-training setting interface (see fig. 5) comprises whether pre-training is carried out, the size of a pre-training visual target, the speed of the visual target and the contrast of the visual target, and a tester needs to manually press a visual target direction button on the integrated control panel to display the visual target during the pre-training to guide the testee to know the test method. The initial value setting interface (see fig. 6) includes initial optotype size, initial optotype speed, initial optotype contrast, optotype size switching interval, optotype speed switching interval, optotype contrast switching interval, optotype display interval, same-size optotype display number Z, number X correctly judged when selecting the second logic to switch to the optotype of size one, optotype size Y detected to be terminated when selecting the first logic, and automatic test mode logic (including the first logic that each of the size optotypes is switched to the size one after Z is displayed until the optotype size Y test is terminated, and the second logic that if each of the size optotypes is judged to be correct X, the optotype is switched to the size one until the minimum number optotypes of the X optotypes cannot be correctly judged by the testee appear). The first logic is required to set the size of the ending optotype, and the display number of the optotype with each size reaches the maximum number required to be displayed in the test process until the set size of the ending optotype is reached. The second logic needs to set the number of the correct optotypes to be judged when the size of each optotype is switched, and once the number of the correct optotypes is identified by a tested person to reach the set number in the test process, the second logic immediately switches to the optotype with the smaller number, and the like until the display number reaches the maximum number under the specific optotype size, the correct number is identified by the tested person and cannot reach the standard. After clicking the start test, automatically completing one test according to preset parameters. And automatically outputting the result after the test is completed. The formal test has an automatic test function and can also select a manual test. After the manual test in the initial value setting interface is selected, the manual test mode is entered during the formal test, and a tester can manually press a button on the integrated control panel according to own requirements to display dynamic optotypes with different directions, speeds, sizes and contrasts.
Preferably, the dynamic vision testing system under different contrasts further has a function of automatically storing test results, and data in the whole testing process are automatically recorded, wherein the data comprise the ID of the tested person, the width of the screen, the contrast of the optotype, the sizes and speeds of all the displayed optotypes under the corresponding contrasts in sequence, the opening direction of the actually displayed optotype and the opening direction of the optotype judged by the tested person; after the test is completed, the data are automatically stored in a preset folder.
Preferably, the dynamic vision detection system under different contrast ratios also has a calculation function, and can automatically calculate the dynamic vision value according to the detection result. Both of the above-described automatic test logic (i.e., the first logic and the second logic) use the same calculation logic. The calculation logic is as follows: 1. finding out the minimum visual target size O1 capable of correctly identifying X dynamic visual targets; 2. the number of the optotypes with the size smaller than O1 by one is O2, and the number of the optotypes which can be correctly identified by O2 is N; 3. dynamic vision values are automatically calculated according to the formula-lgO 2+ (Z-N) (0.1/Z) and the results are displayed in DVA (dynamic vision) in the calculation column.
Preferably, the dynamic vision testing system under different contrasts further has an output function, namely after one test is completed (namely, the dynamic vision under a certain optotype contrast and a certain optotype movement speed is tested), and the dynamic vision value is calculated according to a formula, the result can be automatically output to the result interface according to the format of the contrast and the dynamic vision value and the optotype movement speed, after the result is successfully output, a dialog window prompt of 'finished output' can be popped up on the test interface, and after the result is finished, the test with different speeds and different contrasts can be performed. After all tests are completed, the ESC button is pressed to exit the test interface and automatically enter the result interface, and all output results are displayed on the result interface (see figure 8).
Preferably, the dynamic vision detection system under different contrasts further has an automatic point tracing and drawing function, and can automatically use different types of marks for tracing according to the output result in a coordinate system with dynamic vision values as ordinate and contrasts as abscissa by distinguishing with the movement speed of the optotype; after the dot tracing is completed, the same marks are automatically connected in sequence, and the result is displayed below the output result of the result interface.
The invention also provides a dynamic vision testing method of the dynamic vision testing system under different contrast ratios, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation before testing: and opening and connecting the computer, the screen, the integrated control panel and the determiner, running test software on the computer, jumping to a preset interface (see fig. 9), and inputting the patient ID and the test screen width. The seat position of the tested person is adjusted, and the distance between the seat and the screen is measured by using a tape measure so as to ensure the accuracy of the test distance. The height of the seat of the tested person is adjusted so that the tested person can look at the optotype in a head-up manner. Clicking "determining", jumping to the pre-training setting interface, setting contents including whether pre-training is performed, pre-training the size of the optotype, the speed of the optotype and the contrast of the optotype, clicking "determining" to enter the initial value setting interface (if direct clicking is not performed, the pre-training of the size of the optotype, the speed of the optotype and the contrast of the optotype are not required to be input, and directly jumping to the initial value setting interface), setting contents including the initial optotype size, the initial optotype speed, the initial optotype contrast, the optotype size switching interval, the optotype speed switching interval, the optotype contrast switching interval, the optotype display interval, the number Z of optotype display of the same size, the number X of correct judgment when switching to the optotype with the size of the same size when selecting the second logic, the optotype size Y of the optotype which is detected to be terminated when selecting the first logic, and automatic test mode logic (including the first logic switching to the optotype with the size of each size optotype to the size Y after displaying Z until the test is terminated; the second logic switching to the size of the optotype to the size X is judged to be correct until the number X is not judged to be correct). After the setting is completed, clicking the 'determination' of the initial value setting interface to enter the next interface, if the pre-training setting interface is selected not to be pre-trained, directly entering the test interface, otherwise, entering the pre-training interface (see fig. 10). According to the pre-training setting content, a key on the integrated control panel is manually pressed to display a dynamic optotype, so that a tested person is guided to observe and fully know the mode of letter movement, and click 'confirm' is performed to enter a test interface after the pre-training is finished.
(2) Formally testing: after the test interface is pressed down to instruct the tested person to see the dynamic visual target displayed on the screen, the key corresponding to the judged opening direction of the dynamic visual target is pressed down, and the computer can automatically judge the error of the tested identification. If the tested person does not press any key of the judging device until the letters disappear on the right side of the screen, the program automatically judges that the tested person judges the judgment is wrong. After the program automatically completes one-time detection according to preset logic, automatically calculating a dynamic vision value according to a formula, displaying the dynamic vision value in a DVA (dynamic vision) of a calculation column, automatically outputting a result to a result interface according to a format of contrast, the dynamic vision value and the movement speed of the optotype, and popping up a dialogue window prompt of 'completed output' on a test interface after successful output. After testing the dynamic vision at one sighting target speed, the sighting target speed and the contrast ratio are adjusted by using the integrated control panel, and the steps are repeated, so that the dynamic vision at different sighting target speeds and different contrast ratios is tested.
(3) After the test is finished, the ESC is pressed down to exit the test interface and enter the result interface, and all output results and dynamic vision curves can be checked.
(4) Pressing Q exits the program.
The key points of the invention include:
1. Test protocols for dynamic vision observing different contrast visual objects.
2. The integrated control panel is used for uniformly regulating and controlling the size, the speed and the contrast of the dynamic optotype.
3. An automatic test function of a dynamic vision testing program for observing different contrast visual objects.
4. The dynamic vision of the testee for observing the visual targets with different contrast ratios is conveniently and quickly evaluated, so that the visual state of the patient in the actual life can be better known.
The foregoing describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the invention thereto. Modifications and variations to the embodiments disclosed herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
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