CN117969409B - Redberg atom microwave measuring device for improving performance by utilizing microwave resonant cavity - Google Patents
Redberg atom microwave measuring device for improving performance by utilizing microwave resonant cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN117969409B CN117969409B CN202410309795.8A CN202410309795A CN117969409B CN 117969409 B CN117969409 B CN 117969409B CN 202410309795 A CN202410309795 A CN 202410309795A CN 117969409 B CN117969409 B CN 117969409B
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical group [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
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Abstract
The invention provides a Redberg atom microwave measuring device for improving performance by utilizing a microwave resonant cavity, wherein a cesium atom vapor chamber is used as an electric field sensor; exciting the ground state atoms to a Redberg state by using a three-photon excitation scheme, wherein the wavelengths of the three lasers are respectively as follows: 852nm of detection light, 1470nm of decoration light and 780nm of coupling light; the detection light is divided into two beams, the two beams pass through the cesium atom vapor chamber, the decoration light and the coupling light are counter-propagated with one beam of the detection light, and the last two beams of the detection light are received by the balance photoelectric probe for differential amplification measurement; the cesium atom vapor chamber is put into the metal microwave resonant cavity made of oxygen-free copper, and the input of a microwave field is realized through an externally connected SMA port; the resonant cavity resonates with microwaves at the loading frequency. The invention utilizes the resonance enhancement principle of the microwave resonant cavity to realize the coupling of the Redberg atoms and the microwave electric field to be measured, thereby improving the measurement sensitivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a Redberg atom microwave measurement device for improving performance by utilizing a microwave resonant cavity, and belongs to the technical field of Redberg atom detection.
Background
The existing technology (Jing,M.,Hu,Y.,Ma,J.et al."Atomic superheterodyne receiver based on microwave-dressed Rydberg spectroscopy."Nat.Phys.16,911–915(2020).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0918-5), for measuring the electric field by superheterodyne of the Redberg atoms excites atoms to the Redberg state by laser with two wavelengths, and only a loudspeaker is used for completing the coupling between the atoms and microwaves with the atomic energy level resonance frequency. By inputting the LO microwave field and the signal field with a certain difference frequency and stronger intensity at the same time, the superheterodyne of the Redberg sensing system is completed. The EIT spectrum analysis of the detection light is used for completing the receiving and demodulation of signal microwaves. When the technology is changed to load microwaves on atoms, the insertion loss is too large, and the strong coupling between external microwaves and atoms cannot be realized, so that lower sensitivity cannot be achieved.
The polarization rate of the Redberg atoms is large, the Redberg atoms are very sensitive to an external electric field, and the Redberg atoms have great potential in the aspect of electric field measurement. In theory, the sensitivity limit of the Redberg atomic microwave sensing system limited by the uncertainty of quantum projection noise is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional antenna. But the conventional antenna cannot be exceeded at present due to the limitations of experimental conditions. Among these, how to solve the efficient coupling of the reed burg atoms with the microwave electric field becomes a core problem. The Redberg atoms only exist in a very small space range in the steam pool, so that effective coupling with an external electric field is difficult to realize, the insertion loss is very large, and the sensitivity of the measurement of the Redberg atoms in the electric field is severely reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention utilizes the microwave resonant cavity to realize effective resonance of microwaves in the cavity so as to increase effective coupling of a microwave electric field and the Redberg atoms, realize 18dB power sensitivity enhancement and lay a foundation for further improving the electric field sensing performance of the Redberg atoms.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
A Redberg atom microwave measuring device for improving performance by utilizing a microwave resonant cavity comprises:
cesium atom vapor chambers are used as electric field sensors;
And exciting the ground state atoms to a Redberg state by using a three-photon excitation scheme 6S 1/2→6P3/2→7S1/2→55P3/2, wherein the wavelengths of the three lasers are respectively as follows: 852nm of detection light, 1470nm of decoration light and 780nm of coupling light;
the detection light is divided into two beams, the two beams pass through the cesium atom vapor chamber, the decoration light and the coupling light are counter-propagated with one beam of the detection light, and the last two beams of the detection light are received by the balance photoelectric probe for differential amplification measurement;
The frequency of the input microwaves selects 4.485GHz which resonates with the transition 55P 3/2→54D5/2;
the cesium atom vapor chamber is put into the metal microwave resonant cavity made of oxygen-free copper, and the input of a microwave field is realized through an externally connected SMA port; the resonant cavity resonates with microwaves at the loading frequency.
The invention utilizes the resonance enhancement principle of the microwave resonant cavity to realize the coupling of the Redberg atoms and the microwave electric field to be measured, thereby improving the measurement sensitivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic representation of the energy level structure of the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 1c is a coupling of microwaves and atoms of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a graph of the intra-cavity field intensity distribution of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is the S11 coefficient of the resonant cavity of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a graph showing the linear power reception range of microwave signals for the present invention (dark) versus conventional systems (light);
FIG. 3b is an EIT spectrum of the invention for receiving microwaves using the superheterodyne method;
FIG. 3c is an EIT spectrum of the invention for receiving microwaves using the superheterodyne method;
fig. 4 is a 1kHz modulated signal loaded with a horn and microwave cavity in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A Redberg atom microwave measurement system for improving performance by utilizing a microwave resonant cavity comprises a cesium atom vapor chamber as an electric field sensor; the energy level structure and experimental device of the system are shown in fig. 1a and 1b, and a three-photon excitation scheme (6S 1/2→6P3/2→7S1/2→55P3/2) is used to excite the ground state atoms to the reed burg state, wherein the wavelengths of the three lasers are respectively: 852nm of detection light (p), 1470nm of decoration light (d) and 780nm of coupling light (c). The detection light is divided into two beams and passes through the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the decoration light and the coupling light are counter-propagated with one beam of detection light, so that the Doppler broadening effect is reduced as much as possible. And finally, the two beams of detection light are received by the balance photoelectric probe to carry out differential amplification measurement.
The frequency of the incoming microwaves selects the frequency 4.485GHz that resonates with the transition 55P 3/2→54D5/2. And a cesium atom vapor chamber is placed in the metal microwave resonant cavity made of oxygen-free copper, and the input of a microwave field is realized through an externally connected SMA port. The resonance of the resonant cavity and the microwave of the loading frequency, the field intensity distribution in the cavity and the S11 coefficient of the resonant cavity are shown in fig. 2a and 2b, wherein the smooth line in fig. 2b is theoretical simulation, and the line containing data points is obtained by actual measurement.
As can be seen from fig. 1c, 3b and 3c, the microwave cavity increases AT cleavage of EIT spectrum, i.e. enhances the electric field strength of the input microwaves AT the reed burg atoms, enhancing the coupling of the microwaves and atoms.
The invention utilizes the resonance enhancement function of the microwave cavity to realize the enhancement measurement of microwaves. With the superheterodyne measurement scheme, a strong resonant microwave and a signal to be measured microwave with small detuning from the local oscillator are applied, as shown in fig. 3, where the left curve of fig. 3a and fig. 3b are curves with microwave cavities, and the right curve of fig. 3a and fig. 3c are curves with microwaves applied by a horn. It can be observed from fig. 3a that the dynamic range is approximately the same for both cases, about 75dB, but the minimum measurable microwave power after the microwave cavity is added is-110 dbm, which is about 18dbm greater than that without the cavity.
The invention can receive and demodulate weaker signals and reduce the error rate. As shown in fig. 4, the horn and microwave cavity were loaded with 1kHz modulation signal, respectively, and it can be seen that the system with only the microwave cavity had completed the complete acceptance of the modulation signal. The upper half of fig. 4 is the modulated signal, and the lower half is the output signal of the microwave cavity (dark) and horn (light) system.
The coupling technology of the microwave resonant cavity and the Redberg atom air chamber is adopted, when the enhancement effect of the microwave resonant cavity is utilized, the electric field intensity in the cavity can be obviously amplified, the coupling strength with the Redberg atom is increased, and thus the cavity enhanced Redberg atom electric field measurement technology is realized.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a utilize reed burg atomic microwave measuring device of microwave cavity promotion performance which characterized in that includes:
cesium atom vapor chambers are used as electric field sensors;
And exciting the ground state atoms to a Redberg state by using a three-photon excitation scheme 6S 1/2→6P3/2→7S1/2→55P3/2, wherein the wavelengths of the three lasers are respectively as follows: 852nm of detection light, 1470nm of decoration light and 780nm of coupling light;
the detection light is divided into two beams, the two beams pass through the cesium atom vapor chamber, the decoration light and the coupling light are counter-propagated with one beam of the detection light, and the last two beams of the detection light are received by the balance photoelectric probe for differential amplification measurement;
The frequency of the input microwaves selects 4.485GHz which resonates with the transition 55P 3/2→54D5/2;
the cesium atom vapor chamber is put into the metal microwave resonant cavity made of oxygen-free copper, and the input of a microwave field is realized through an externally connected SMA port; the resonant cavity resonates with microwaves at the loading frequency.
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| CN102059347A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-05-18 | 中科院广州化学有限公司 | Nano silver capable of being scattered in hydrophobic system and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112824930A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-05-21 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Microwave laser bidirectional coherent conversion device based on rydberg atoms |
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| US10979147B2 (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2021-04-13 | Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Rydberg atom mixer and determining phase of modulated carrier radiation |
| EP4016400A1 (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-22 | Universität Stuttgart | Quantum computing device, use, and method |
| CN113884760B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2023-10-20 | 华南师范大学 | Atomic microwave mixing device and method with continuous frequency |
| CN116300252A (en) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-06-23 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | Photonic microwave amplification method based on Redberg atoms |
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| CN102059347A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-05-18 | 中科院广州化学有限公司 | Nano silver capable of being scattered in hydrophobic system and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112824930A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-05-21 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Microwave laser bidirectional coherent conversion device based on rydberg atoms |
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