CN117968776A - Composite material of grating array optical fiber sensing network, monitoring method and application - Google Patents
Composite material of grating array optical fiber sensing network, monitoring method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN117968776A CN117968776A CN202410390499.5A CN202410390499A CN117968776A CN 117968776 A CN117968776 A CN 117968776A CN 202410390499 A CN202410390499 A CN 202410390499A CN 117968776 A CN117968776 A CN 117968776A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, a monitoring method and application thereof; the composite material is configured into a component and perception integrated functional composite material, and the fiber bragg grating sensing network is formed inside the material by implanting high-capacity and multi-parameter grating array fiber bragg grating into the reinforced fiber composite material. The characterization of the distribution of various physical quantities in the composite material can realize the whole coverage of the internal state change of the composite material and the characterization of the uneven distribution condition of the composite material caused by the anisotropy of the composite material; performance evaluation and structural health monitoring of composite material manufacture; the functions and the structures of the composite material are integrated, and the intelligent composite material manufacturing is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material manufacturing, in particular to a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, a monitoring method and application.
Background
The composite material is a novel solid material formed by combining two or more substances with different physical and chemical properties, and the main components are a reinforcing body and a matrix. Compared with the traditional single material, the composite material prepared by the composite process not only can keep the excellent characteristics of the raw materials, but also can enable various material components to be related to each other, thus obtaining the performance which the original material does not have and realizing the performance complementation among materials. The composite material after reasonable design can obtain more excellent performance, and the unique property of the composite material is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships, buildings, automobiles, sports goods, mechano-electronics, medical appliances and the like. However, the composite material belongs to an anisotropic multilayer structure, and the traditional detection means cannot realize the internal structural characteristic analysis and health monitoring.
Compared with other sensors, the fiber bragg grating has the advantages of small volume, light weight, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and particularly, the fiber bragg grating is very suitable for being implanted into a carbon fiber composite material, and the implantation of the fiber bragg grating into the composite material can realize the distributed monitoring of multiple physical fields such as internal stress fields, temperature fields, pressure fields and the like during the processing forming and the service period, and has important significance for improving the reliability, the safety and the intelligent level of the composite material. However, the traditional optical fiber sensing implantation technology has the problems of small single fiber sensing quantity, poor sensing space density, low mechanical strength and the like, and is not beneficial to measuring multiple physical fields such as temperature, stress strain and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network and a monitoring method thereof, wherein the composite material is a functional composite material with integrated components and perception, the fiber grating sensing network is formed in the material by implanting high-capacity and multi-parameter grating array optical fibers into a reinforced fiber composite material, the self-perception function of the material is endowed, the multi-parameter of the material such as temperature, strain and the like is detected in a distributed manner, and the information is applied to analysis in multiple angles, so that the multifunctional performance of the material is realized.
The invention relates to a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, which comprises a matrix, a reinforcing body and a sensing body;
the reinforcement comprises a plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers configured to lay horizontally in the thickness direction of the composite material;
The perceptron comprises a grating array optical fiber sensing network and is configured into an interlayer distribution three-dimensional structure coupled with the reinforcement.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate comprises a polymer substrate, a metal substrate, or a ceramic substrate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a grating array of the optical fiber sensing network is included between any two layers of the reinforcing fibers.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber sensing network includes one or more sensing optical fibers configured to cross-layer through the voids of the reinforcing fibers.
In an embodiment of the present invention, one end of the sensing optical fiber includes an optical fiber port, and the optical fiber sensing network couples the optical signal with the external transmission optical fiber through the optical fiber port.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the composite material includes a curved portion, and the density of the grating array of the optical fiber sensing network located at the curved portion is greater than the density of the grating array of the optical fiber sensing network located at the non-curved portion.
The invention discloses a method for monitoring a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, which is characterized by comprising the composite material of the grating array optical fiber sensing network in any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the optical fiber sensing network is used for monitoring multiple physical quantity parameters of the composite material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber sensing network includes a plurality of sub-optical fiber sensing networks, and the sub-optical fiber sensing networks are used for independently monitoring a plurality of physical parameters of the composite material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the physical quantity parameter includes at least one of temperature, strain, pressure, and refractive index.
The application of the composite material of the grating array optical fiber sensing network is characterized by comprising the composite material of the grating array optical fiber sensing network in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the composite material is coupled with a tested structural member and is used for measuring multiple physical quantity parameters of the structural member.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, a monitoring method and application thereof; the composite material is configured into a component and perception integrated functional composite material, and the fiber bragg grating sensing network is formed inside the material by implanting high-capacity and multi-parameter grating array fiber bragg grating into the reinforced fiber composite material. The characterization of the distribution of various physical quantities in the composite material can realize the whole coverage of the internal state change of the composite material and the characterization of the uneven distribution condition of the composite material caused by the anisotropy of the composite material; performance evaluation and structural health monitoring of composite material manufacture; the functions and the structures of the composite material are integrated, and the intelligent composite material manufacturing is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly introduce the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the preparation of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fiber arrangement of a grating array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a matrix, reinforcement, and perceptron of a composite material in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a composite internal stereoscopic optical fiber sensing network of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system for a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a grating array sub-fiber sensing network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a strain monitoring diagram of a sub-fiber sensing network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is another schematic structural view of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a strain monitoring graph of a fiber optic sensor network within a bend of another structure of a composite material in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-glass fiber woven cloth, 2-grating array optical fibers, 3-glass mold, 4-fiber ports, 5-fiber gratings, 6-matrix, 7-glass fiber composite materials, 8-grating array demodulators, 9-data processing units, 10-carbon fiber prepregs, 11-L-shaped mold, 12-grating array optical fibers and 13-carbon fiber composite materials.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In the drawings, like elements are designated by like reference numerals.
The invention provides a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, which comprises a matrix, a reinforcement body and a perception body;
the reinforcement comprises a plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers configured to lay horizontally in the thickness direction of the composite material;
The perceptron comprises a grating array optical fiber sensing network and is configured into an interlayer distribution three-dimensional structure coupled with the reinforcement.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1-4, the specific internal structure of the composite material includes a matrix, a reinforcement and a sensing body. Wherein the matrix 6 is a continuously distributed component of the composite material, such as a polymer (resin) matrix, a metal matrix, a ceramic matrix, and other optional materials; the reinforcement body is made of reinforced fiber materials such as carbon fiber, glass fiber and the like which mainly bear external load, and a plurality of layers of reinforced fibers are horizontally paved in the thickness direction of the composite material; the sensing body is a grating array optical fiber sensing network capable of detecting the change of physical quantities such as temperature, strain, pressure and the like in the material. The optical fiber sensing network consists of all optical fiber gratings 5 in the composite material and is of a quasi-distributed three-dimensional sensing network structure.
And a grating array of the optical fiber sensing network is arranged between any two layers of the reinforced fibers. The grating array and the reinforcing fibers can be arranged in a parallel lamination manner or in a vertical staggered manner, and the fiber bragg grating 5 and the reinforcing fibers are fully and three-dimensionally coupled in a distributed manner, so that the change of the internal state of the composite material is monitored, and the measurement accuracy is ensured.
The optical fiber sensing network comprises one or more sensing optical fibers configured to cross-layer through the apertures of the reinforcing fibers; one end of the sensing optical fiber comprises an optical fiber port 4, and the optical fiber sensing network is used for coupling optical signals with an external transmission optical fiber through the optical fiber port 4.
The three-dimensional sensing network can be composed of one or more grating array optical fibers 2 in the material, the grating array optical fibers 2 can be implanted in the material along all directions, and are distributed in different states in a straight line or in a bent mode, and the gratings can be distributed at any position in the material. Each individual grating array fiber 2 requires an pigtail composite for monitoring, and thus the functional composite has one or more fiber pigtail interfaces.
The optical fiber leading-out interface of the functional composite material can be independently designed into a detachable structure, and the interface can realize optical signal coupling between an internal sensing network and an external transmission optical fiber, so that the functional composite material can be monitored conveniently and has the protection function of an optical fiber leading-out part.
Preferably, the monitoring unit and the signal processing unit of the three-dimensional sensing network are positioned in the functional composite material, the monitoring result is sent in a wireless mode and the like, and an optical fiber leading-out interface is not required to be manufactured.
In a specific embodiment, the glass fiber woven cloth 1, epoxy resin and a grating array optical fiber 2 are used for preparing a functional composite material through a vacuum auxiliary liquid forming process, and a strain field distribution monitoring function is realized. The prepared functional composite material has the size of 500X 5mm, the diameter of the used grating array optical fiber 2 is 80 mu m, the grating length is 5mm, the grating interval is 50mm, and the functional glass fiber composite material internally provided with a 4X 9 (Z X Y direction) three-dimensional sensing network is prepared. Parameters such as the interval and the center wavelength of the fiber bragg grating 5 can be changed according to actual needs, and are not limited herein.
The corresponding manufacturing steps of the composite material are as follows:
Step 1: the glass fiber woven cloth 1 and the grating array optical fibers 2 are distributed, a layer of single-layer glass fiber woven cloth 1 with the size of 500 multiplied by 500mm is arranged on a clean glass die 3, and the grating array optical fibers 2 are distributed in the X direction of the woven cloth as shown in (a) in fig. 2, wherein the optical fiber gratings 5 are distributed in a matrix mode. And continuously stacking a second layer of fiber cloth, enabling the grating array to pass through the second layer of fiber cloth, and enabling the fiber array to realize different layer crossing through the woven fiber cloth pores. The second woven cloth is laid in the Y direction according to the raster array layout shown in fig. 2 (b).
Step 2: repeating the step 1, continuously laying the third layer of woven cloth along the X direction, laying the fourth layer of woven cloth along the Y direction, and finally laying one layer of woven cloth to finish laying five layers of woven cloth and four layers of grating arrays;
step 3: after the internal sensor optical fiber sensing network is laid, an optical fiber port 4 at one end of the grating array optical fiber 2 is led out from the edge of the composite material.
Step 4: and (3) sealing the paved material piece in a vacuum environment, pouring resin into the paved woven cloth and grating array by using a vacuum assisted RTM (RESIN TRANSFER Moulding, resin transfer molding) process, fully impregnating a fiber bed, and taking out after the resin is solidified, thus completing the manufacturing of the composite material.
The invention provides a method for monitoring a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, which comprises the composite material of the grating array optical fiber sensing network in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the optical fiber sensing network is used for monitoring multiple physical quantity parameters of the composite material.
The optical fiber sensing network comprises a plurality of sub-optical fiber sensing networks, and the sub-optical fiber sensing networks are used for independently monitoring multiple physical parameters of the composite material. The physical quantity parameters comprise at least one of temperature, strain, pressure and refractive index, and the states of bearing, deformation, damage and the like of the material structure can be monitored by utilizing the change of the physical quantity inside the functional composite material. Specifically, the fiber bragg grating can monitor physical quantities such as strain, temperature, interlayer pressure and the like of the position of the material inside the fiber bragg grating, and the fiber bragg grating array is processed to monitor more physical quantities such as refractive index and the like by changing factors such as types, structures, coating layers and packaging.
The spatial resolution of the optical fiber sensing network can be defined according to the grating array optical fiber and the implantation scheme, and the physical quantity change between adjacent sensing points can be calculated by data processing means such as difference values, so as to realize the full coverage monitoring of the internal state of the material. The optical fiber sensing network can be split into a plurality of sub-optical fiber sensing networks according to the structural shape and the monitoring requirement of the composite material, and the sub-optical fiber sensing networks can be monitored independently.
In a specific embodiment, the functional composite material is manufactured, and the resin matrix, the glass fiber reinforcement body and the grating array optical fiber sensing body are arranged in the functional composite material, wherein the composite material is internally provided with a 4×9×9 stereoscopic grating array optical fiber sensing network as shown in fig. 4. The sensing points (fiber gratings) in the three-dimensional fiber sensing network are numbered, the interlayer directions are respectively numbered Z=1, 2,3 and 4, plane coordinates X=1, 2 … and Y=1 and 2 … are established on each inner layer plane, and space coordinate numbering is carried out on all the fiber gratings 5 in the layer.
In the composite material on-line monitoring system shown in fig. 5, an internal sensing network is connected with a grating array demodulator 8, strain distribution under static loading at a certain position of the glass fiber composite material 7 is measured, the periphery of the glass fiber composite material 7 is fixed, and any point on the surface of the composite material is pressed. Three local subnetworks are taken from the three-dimensional sensing network as shown in fig. 6, and strain distribution in three directions inside the material is realized according to strain monitoring values of the subnetwork sensing points as shown in a strain field distribution diagram shown in fig. 7.
Specifically, strain data monitored by the composite internal sensor network is shown in table 1.
The composite material of the embodiment of the invention comprises a bending part, wherein the grating array density of the optical fiber sensing network positioned at the bending part is greater than that of the optical fiber sensing network positioned at the non-bending part. Specifically, the functional composite material is prepared by using carbon fiber prepreg and grating array optical fibers through an autoclave molding process, and strain field distribution monitoring of key parts of the test piece under deformation is realized.
As shown in figures 8-9, the prepared carbon fiber composite material 13 is L-shaped or other common bending shape, the width of the carbon fiber composite material 13 is 100mm, the thickness is 5.6mm, the radius of the R angle of the corner part of the bending part is 20mm, the length of the plane area of the composite material is 200mm, the diameter of the used fiber grating array is 80 mu m, the grating length is 5mm, and the grating interval is 5mm. The R angle part is used for constructing a functional carbon fiber composite material with a three-dimensional dense sensing network with the grating array density of 5 multiplied by 40 multiplied by 5, and the functional carbon fiber composite material is larger than the grating array density of the optical fiber sensing network at the non-bending part. Parameters such as the interval and the center wavelength of the fiber bragg grating can be changed according to actual needs.
The specific manufacturing steps of the carbon fiber composite 13 include:
step 1: the carbon fiber prepreg 10 is paved on an L-shaped die 11 layer by layer, five layers of grating array optical fibers 12 are paved, and the grating array optical fibers 12 are led out in advance at the edge. The optical fibers are reciprocally laid along the X direction in the prepreg face.
Step 2: and (3) repeating the step (1), arranging one layer of optical fiber sensing network according to each five layers of prepregs, finishing the arrangement of the five layers of optical fiber sensing networks, and finally, arranging five layers of prepregs to cover the optical fiber sensing networks.
Step 3: and (3) carrying out sealing and vacuumizing treatment on the laid prepreg, and forming by using an autoclave to finish the manufacturing of the functional composite material.
The preparation of the functional composite material is completed, wherein the inner resin matrix, the carbon fiber reinforcement body and the grating array optical fiber perceptron are made, and the R angle part is 5 multiplied by 1 multiplied by 5 subnetwork. And connecting the internal sensing network with a grating strain demodulation instrument, and measuring the cross section strain distribution of the functional composite material under the action of load under the change of the R angle. The R angle gradually decreases under the action of different external forces, and the change condition of the strain field is shown in figure 9.
The application of the composite material of the grating array optical fiber sensing network is characterized by comprising the composite material of the grating array optical fiber sensing network in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the composite material is coupled with a tested structural member and is used for measuring multiple physical quantity parameters of the structural member.
Specifically, the functional composite material can only play a role in sensing, and can be used as a sensor to be coupled with other measured structural components so as to measure the changes of physical quantities such as strain, temperature and the like of the other structural components.
In summary, the invention provides a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, a monitoring method and application thereof; the composite material is configured into a component and perception integrated functional composite material, and the fiber bragg grating sensing network is formed inside the material by implanting high-capacity and multi-parameter grating array fiber bragg grating into the reinforced fiber composite material. The characterization of the distribution of various physical quantities in the composite material can realize the whole coverage of the internal state change of the composite material and the characterization of the uneven distribution condition of the composite material caused by the anisotropy of the composite material; performance evaluation and structural health monitoring of composite material manufacture; the functions and the structures of the composite material are integrated, and the intelligent composite material manufacturing is realized.
It should be noted that, although the present invention has been described in terms of the above embodiments, the above embodiments are not intended to limit the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, so that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The composite material of the grating array optical fiber sensing network is characterized by comprising a matrix, a reinforcing body and a sensing body;
the reinforcement comprises a plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers configured to lay horizontally in the thickness direction of the composite material;
The perceptron comprises a grating array optical fiber sensing network and is configured into an interlayer distribution three-dimensional structure coupled with the reinforcement.
2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the matrix comprises a polymer matrix, a metal matrix, or a ceramic matrix.
3. The composite material of the fiber optic sensing network of claim 1, wherein the fiber optic sensing network comprises a grating array between any two layers of the reinforcing fibers.
4. A composite material for a grating array optical fibre sensing network according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the optical fibre sensing network comprises one or more sensing optical fibres configured to cross-layer through the apertures of the reinforcing fibres.
5. The composite material of claim 4, wherein one end of the sensing fiber comprises a fiber port, and the fiber sensing network couples optical signals with an external transmission fiber through the fiber port.
6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material comprises a curved portion, and the optical fiber sensing network at the curved portion has a greater grating array density than the optical fiber sensing network at the non-curved portion.
7. A method for monitoring a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, which is characterized by comprising the composite material of the grating array optical fiber sensing network according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the optical fiber sensing network is used for monitoring multiple physical quantity parameters of the composite material.
8. The method for monitoring a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network according to claim 7, wherein the optical fiber sensing network comprises a plurality of sub-optical fiber sensing networks, and the sub-optical fiber sensing networks are used for independently monitoring a plurality of physical parameters of the composite material.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the physical parameters include at least one of temperature, strain, pressure, and refractive index.
10. An application of a composite material of a grating array optical fiber sensing network, which is characterized by comprising the composite material of the grating array optical fiber sensing network according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the composite material is coupled with a tested structural member and is used for measuring multiple physical quantity parameters of the structural member.
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