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CN117943528A - Non-pressure impregnation near-net shape preparation method of high-volume aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents

Non-pressure impregnation near-net shape preparation method of high-volume aluminum-based composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117943528A
CN117943528A CN202410068634.4A CN202410068634A CN117943528A CN 117943528 A CN117943528 A CN 117943528A CN 202410068634 A CN202410068634 A CN 202410068634A CN 117943528 A CN117943528 A CN 117943528A
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China
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composite material
aluminum
special
based composite
ceramic preform
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CN202410068634.4A
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Inventor
曹雷刚
黄磊
朱明雨
崔岩
杨越
刘园
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North China University of Technology
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North China University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
    • C22C1/1015—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
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    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
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    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a high-volume aluminum-based composite material by pressureless infiltration, which belongs to the technical field of metal-based composite materials. While ensuring the performance of the composite material, the near-net-shaped component of the aluminum-based composite material is obtained, and the final required component can be obtained only by carrying out a small amount of processing on the surface layer. The method can effectively reduce the loss of the raw materials and the processing cutters, reduce the processing cost of the composite material, obviously improve the processing efficiency and the material utilization rate, and realize the aims of reducing the cost and enhancing the efficiency.

Description

Non-pressure impregnation near-net shape preparation method of high-volume aluminum-based composite material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a high-volume aluminum matrix composite material by pressureless infiltration near-net shape.
Background
The high-volume aluminum-based composite material with the ceramic powder volume fraction higher than 50% has the advantages of low density, high strength, high modulus, low thermal expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity and the like, belongs to typical structure and function integrated materials, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, precise instruments, electronic packaging and the like.
The existing mature preparation method of the composite material part is to obtain a high-volume aluminum-division composite material solid blank with a simple geometric shape, and further obtain a precise service member with a complex structure by adopting various fine processing modes with a longer period according to the light design requirement. Because the processing method has outstanding application requirements of small batches and multiple varieties, the processing mode of a standardized assembly line is not easy to use.
Because of the high content of the hard ceramic powder, the processing difficulty of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material is extremely high, and an expensive special diamond milling cutter is also required to be selected. In the machining process, the diamond milling cutter can frequently collide with hard powder in a friction manner, the cutter is worn quickly, the milling cutter needs to be replaced in time in order to ensure the precision and the surface quality of materials, and the milling rate of the materials cannot be high. Furthermore, the milled material in the processing process cannot be recycled, the material waste is serious, and the material utilization rate of some thin-wall box-shaped parts is even less than 10%. Therefore, the high-volume aluminum-based composite material has the outstanding problems of long period, high cost, low material utilization rate and the like in the actual processing process of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material precision component, greatly limits the application of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material in the fields of aerospace, precision instruments and the like, and particularly prevents the popularization and application of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material in civil aspects. Based on the above, a near-net-shape preparation method suitable for the high-volume aluminum-based composite material is needed to be developed pertinently, so that the near-net-shape preparation of the high-volume composite material with a complex structure is realized, and the aims of less processing of the matching surface and no processing of the non-matching surface of the component are achieved.
The main preparation methods of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material comprise a powder metallurgy method and a liquid infiltration method. Wherein, the high-volume aluminum-based composite material with evenly distributed reinforcing phase can be prepared by adopting a powder metallurgy method in combination with hot-pressing sintering or hot isostatic pressing and other processes. Because the hard powder content is high, the actual serving part cannot be obtained through forging, extrusion, rolling and other processing modes, the external dimension of the prepared composite material blank is required to be larger than that of a precise component, and the problem is that the large-size composite material blank has higher requirements on equipment dimension and pressure, and the process is more limited on the whole. Similar limitations exist with pressure impregnation. Compared with the non-pressure infiltration process, the self-infiltration compounding of molten aluminum can be realized by means of capillary force among ceramic powders without external pressure, the high-volume aluminum-based composite material with high density and good interface bonding is obtained, the preparation process is simple, expensive equipment is not needed, and the method is most suitable for near-end forming preparation of complex parts.
Obviously, as in literature Cui Yan and the like, the influence of SiC particle shaping on the mechanical property of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material and finite element simulation are carried out, the report of materials is 2019, and the method is not suitable for the near-net shape preparation of pressureless infiltration by adopting a powder natural stacking and pressureless infiltration method to prepare the aluminum-based composite material. Similarly, literature Cui Yan and the like, high-volume-fraction SiCp/Al composite material pressureless infiltration near-net shape preparation processing technology research, new development of material science and engineering in 2000 (below) -Chinese material seminar discussion in 2000, 2000 reports that a prefabricated body with a complex structure is prepared by adopting a hot-press casting method, a coating is sprayed on the prefabricated body, and an aluminum-based composite material is prepared by adopting the pressureless infiltration near-net shape. In the face of the typical characteristics of aluminum-based composite materials, such as small batch, multiple varieties and diversification, the method needs to obtain the prefabricated body with the required appearance structure by means of special moulds with different structures, and the process flexibility is not enough. While patent CN202310562248.6 realizes near net shape preparation of aluminum-based composite material components based on powder metallurgy and hot isostatic pressing processes, the method needs to obtain composite materials with different shapes by means of a specific die, and has high dependence on large-scale special equipment, dies and the like. Therefore, from the engineering point of view, development of a low-cost near-net shape preparation method of a high-volume aluminum-division composite material suitable for a pressureless infiltration process is urgently needed, and near-net shape preparation of the high-volume aluminum-division composite material with flexible and changeable appearance structure is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preparing the high-volume aluminum-based composite material by pressureless infiltration near-net shape.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The method comprises the steps of preparing a ceramic preform green body by adopting a compression molding method, drying, machining the dried ceramic preform green body into a special-shaped ceramic preform green body with a required shape structure, sintering the special-shaped ceramic preform green body at a high temperature to obtain a special-shaped ceramic preform, and finally penetrating aluminum into the special-shaped ceramic preform by adopting a pressureless penetration method to obtain the near-net-shaped high-body aluminum-division composite material.
Further, the pressureless impregnation near-net shape preparation method of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
a. Fully mixing ceramic powder with a binder, and performing compression molding to obtain a ceramic preform green body;
b. drying the ceramic preform green body;
c. b, fixing the ceramic preform green body after the drying treatment in the step b on a machine tool, and processing the ceramic preform green body into a special-shaped ceramic preform green body with a required appearance structure by adopting a general steel milling cutter;
d. Degumming the special-shaped ceramic preform blank with the required appearance structure in the step c, and performing high-temperature sintering treatment to obtain a special-shaped ceramic preform;
e. and placing the special-shaped ceramic preform in a graphite crucible filled with aluminum alloy, placing the special-shaped ceramic preform above the aluminum alloy or below the aluminum alloy, placing the graphite crucible in a resistance furnace, heating to 850-1000 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 2-4 hours to complete the pressureless infiltration process, taking out a sample from the graphite crucible, and air-cooling to obtain the near-net-shaped high-body aluminum-division composite material.
In the invention, ceramic powder is firstly subjected to compression molding to prepare a ceramic preform green body with a cube structure, a die used in the process is a general die (such as a ceramic block molding die commonly used in the field), the ceramic preform green body is dried and then is processed into a special-shaped ceramic preform green body with a required shape structure by adopting a simple machining mode, excessive ceramic powder material removed in the processing process can be recycled (namely, excessive ceramic powder material removed in the processing process in the step c can be returned to the step a), raw material consumption is reduced, and meanwhile, because the special-shaped ceramic preform with a specific shape structure is prepared by adopting the compression molding, simple machining and high-temperature sintering methods, a die with a complex structure is not required, and the time and cost for preparing the die with the complex structure are reduced.
Further, in the step a, the ceramic powder is one of silicon carbide (SiC) powder, aluminum oxide (Al 2O3) powder, titanium carbide (TiC) powder, titanium diboride powder (TiB 2) and diamond powder, and the particle size of the ceramic powder is 20-300 μm;
the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-10wt%, and the addition amount of the binder is 5-10wt% of the mass of the ceramic powder.
Further, in the step a, the compression molding is performed by adopting a hydraulic press, the pressing pressure is 50-150MPa, the loading rate is 3MPa/s, and the pressure maintaining time is 1-4min.
Further, in the step b, the ceramic preform green body is placed in a blast drying box, and is subjected to heat preservation for 5-10 hours at 80-160 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min.
Further, in the step c, the rotating speed of the milling cutter is 1500-2500r/min, and the advancing speed is 1-3mm/s.
In the step d, the degummed ceramic preform blank with the required appearance structure is placed in a box-type resistance furnace, and the temperature is kept at 400-600 ℃ for 1-3 hours;
after the high-temperature sintering treatment is degumming treatment, heating the box-type resistance furnace to 900-1300 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-5 hours;
The temperature rising rate in the temperature rising process is 4-8 ℃/min.
Further, in the step e, the aluminum alloy is an Al-Mg-Si alloy, the mass fraction of Mg is 3-12%, and the mass fraction of Si is 9-18%.
In the step e, nitrogen is introduced for 30min before heating, air in the furnace is driven off, and the preparation process is carried out in a nitrogen protection atmosphere.
Further, in the step e, the temperature rising rate is 10-15 ℃/min.
Furthermore, the high-volume aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method is divided into 50-65%, and more gaps exist among the powder, so that the full penetration of aluminum liquid can be ensured.
According to the requirements of the composite material serving components, the special-shaped ceramic preform with a specific appearance structure is designed and prepared, and then the near-net-shape preparation of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material is realized through pressureless infiltration. While ensuring the performance of the composite material, the near-net-shaped component of the aluminum-based composite material is obtained, and the final required component can be obtained only by carrying out a small amount of processing on the surface layer. The method can effectively reduce the loss of the raw materials and the processing cutter, reduce the processing cost of the composite material, obviously improve the processing efficiency and the material utilization rate and realize the aims of reducing the cost and enhancing the efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
1. The special-shaped ceramic preform with a specific appearance structure is prepared by adopting the methods of compression molding, simple machining and high-temperature sintering. First, a simple-shaped ceramic preform green body is pressed by a general-purpose die without designing and processing a die with a complex structure. And secondly, the green compact of the simple-shape ceramic preform subjected to drying treatment has certain strength, powder is not easy to fall off, the green compact can be fixed on a machine tool, redundant ceramic powder can be easily removed by adopting a general steel milling cutter, the preform cannot collapse and fall off in the processing process, and the required shape structure can be maintained. The special-shaped preform can be obtained by simple machining.
2. The special-shaped ceramic preform is prepared by adopting a common machining method, and the excessive ceramic powder removed in the machining process can be recycled, so that the consumption of raw materials can be reduced.
3. The invention carries out degumming treatment and high-temperature sintering treatment on the special-shaped preform, and can ensure that the special-shaped preform does not collapse or collapse in the pressureless infiltration process. Meanwhile, the volume fraction of the special-shaped preform is 50-65%, more gaps exist among the powders, and the full penetration of the aluminum liquid can be ensured.
4. The invention adopts the pressureless infiltration method to prepare the near net shape product of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material, the ceramic powder inside the material is uniformly distributed, and the bending strength of the near net shape sample of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material can reach more than 320 MPa.
5. According to the invention, the special-shaped ceramic preform with a specific shape structure can be designed and prepared according to the requirements of the composite material serving component, and then the near-net-shape preparation of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material is realized through pressureless infiltration. While ensuring the performance of the composite material, the near-net-shaped component of the aluminum-based composite material is obtained, and the final required component can be obtained only by carrying out a small amount of processing on the surface layer. The method can effectively reduce the loss of raw materials and processing cutters, reduce the processing cost of the composite material, remarkably improve the processing efficiency and the material utilization rate, and realize the aims of cost reduction and efficiency enhancement.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a green body of a simple cubic preform prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a physical diagram of the special-shaped SiC preform of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of near net shape high bulk fraction SiC/Al composites prepared in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure morphology of the near net shape high body fraction SiC/Al composite material prepared in example 1.
FIG. 5 is a graph of near net shape high body fraction SiC/Al composite fracture morphology prepared in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of near net shape high bulk fraction SiC/Al composites made in example 4.
FIG. 7 is a stress-strain curve for near net shape high body fraction SiC/Al composites prepared in examples 1, 2 and 6.
FIG. 8 is a physical view of a simple cubic SiC/Al composite material prepared in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available.
In an embodiment of the invention, the bending mechanical property test of the composite material is performed with reference to YB/T5349-2014 standard.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following examples.
Example 1
The raw material for preparing the near-net-shaped high-volume aluminum-separating composite material is 150g of SiC powder with the average granularity of 80 mu m, 200g of aluminum alloy (Al-8 Mg-12 Si), and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
a. The SiC powder was thoroughly mixed with a polyvinyl alcohol solution having a concentration of 9wt%, and the amount of the polyvinyl alcohol solution added was 6% by mass of the SiC powder. Placing the uniformly mixed powder into a mould, adopting a hydraulic press to press and form, wherein the pressure is 110MPa, the loading rate is 3MPa/s, the pressure maintaining time is 4min, and demoulding to obtain a simple cubic preform green body (a simple cubic preform green body physical diagram is shown in figure 1);
b. c, placing the prefabricated green body with the simple geometric shape prepared in the step a into a blast drying box, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours at 120 ℃;
c. B, fixing the green compact of the simple geometric shape after the drying treatment in the step b on a machine tool, and processing the green compact into a special-shaped ceramic green compact with a required shape structure by adopting a common metal milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of the milling cutter is controlled at 2000r/min, and the advancing speed is controlled at 2mm/s;
d. C, placing the special-shaped ceramic preform blank processed in the step c into a box-type resistance furnace, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2.5 hours, degumming, heating to 1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4.5 hours, and performing high-temperature sintering to obtain a special-shaped SiC preform, wherein a physical diagram of the special-shaped SiC preform is shown in figure 2;
e. placing the special-shaped SiC preform prepared by high-temperature sintering in the step d in a graphite crucible filled with aluminum alloy, placing the special-shaped SiC preform above the aluminum alloy, placing the graphite crucible in a resistance furnace, introducing nitrogen for 30min before heating, driving air in the furnace, heating to 950 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 3 hours to finish the pressureless infiltration process, taking out a sample from the crucible, and air-cooling to obtain the near-net-shape high-body-content SiC/Al composite material, wherein the physical diagram of the near-net-shape high-body-content SiC/Al composite material is shown in fig. 3, the microstructure morphology is shown in fig. 4, the fracture morphology is shown in fig. 5, and the stress-strain curve is shown in fig. 7.
The SiC body of the SiC/Al composite material special-shaped part prepared by the embodiment is 56%, the bending strength of the part is 330MPa, and the elastic modulus of the part is 209GPa.
Example 2
The raw materials for preparing the near-net-shaped high-volume aluminum-division composite material are 150g of Al 2O3 powder with the average granularity of 20 mu m and 200g of aluminum alloy (Al-8 Mg-12 Si), and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
a. The Al 2O3 powder was thoroughly mixed with a 10wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, the added amount of which was 5% of the mass of the Al 2O3 powder. Placing the uniformly mixed powder into a mould (the mould is the same as that of the embodiment 1), adopting a hydraulic press to press and shape, wherein the pressure is 150MPa, the loading rate is 3MPa/s, the pressure maintaining time is 5min, and demoulding to obtain a preform green body with a simple geometric shape;
b. c, placing the prefabricated green body with the simple geometric shape prepared in the step a into a blast drying box, wherein the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 5 hours at 160 ℃;
c. B, fixing the green compact of the simple geometric shape after the drying treatment in the step b on a machine tool, and processing the green compact into a special-shaped ceramic green compact with a required appearance structure by adopting a general steel milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of the milling cutter is controlled at 2500r/min, and the advancing speed is controlled at 3mm/s;
d. C, placing the special-shaped ceramic preform blank processed in the step c into a box-type resistance furnace, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1 hour, degumming, heating to 1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and performing high-temperature sintering to obtain a special-shaped Al 2O3 preform;
e. And d, placing the special-shaped Al 2O3 prefabricated body prepared by high-temperature sintering in the step d in a graphite crucible filled with aluminum alloy, placing the special-shaped Al 2O3 prefabricated body above the aluminum alloy, placing the graphite crucible in a resistance furnace, introducing nitrogen for 30min before heating, driving air in the furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 2 hours to complete the pressureless infiltration process, taking out a sample from the crucible, and air-cooling to obtain the near-net-shaped high-body-content Al 2O3/Al composite material.
The Al 2O3/Al composite material special-shaped part prepared in the embodiment is characterized in that the Al 2O3 body is 60%, the bending strength of the part is 387MPa, the elastic modulus is 158GPa, and the stress-strain curve is shown in figure 7.
Example 3
The raw materials for preparing the near-net-shaped high-volume aluminum-separating composite material are 150g of TiC powder with the average granularity of 100 mu m and 200g of aluminum alloy (Al-12 Mg-16 Si), and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
a. TiC powder was thoroughly mixed with a polyvinyl alcohol solution having a concentration of 8wt% and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol solution added was 7% by mass of TiC powder. Placing the uniformly mixed powder into a mould (the mould is the same as that of the embodiment 1), adopting a hydraulic press to press and shape, wherein the pressure is 80MPa, the loading rate is 3MPa/s, the dwell time is 1min, and demoulding to obtain a preform green body with a simple geometric shape;
b. C, placing the prefabricated green body with the simple geometric shape prepared in the step a into a blast drying box, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 10 hours at 80 ℃;
c. B, fixing the green compact of the simple geometric shape after the drying treatment in the step b on a machine tool, and processing the green compact into a special-shaped ceramic green compact with a required appearance structure by adopting a general steel milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of the milling cutter is controlled at 1500r/min, and the advancing speed is controlled at 1mm/s;
d. C, placing the special-shaped ceramic preform blank processed in the step c into a box-type resistance furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.5 hours, degumming, heating to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, and performing high-temperature sintering to obtain the special-shaped TiC preform;
e. And d, placing the special-shaped TiC preform prepared by high-temperature sintering in the step d in a graphite crucible filled with aluminum alloy, placing the special-shaped TiC preform below the aluminum alloy, placing the graphite crucible in a resistance furnace, introducing nitrogen for 30min before heating, driving air in the furnace, heating to 850 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 4 hours to complete the pressureless infiltration process, taking out a sample from the crucible, and air-cooling to obtain the near-net-shaped high-volume TiC/Al composite material.
The TiC/Al composite material special-shaped part prepared in the embodiment is divided into 53%, the bending strength of the part is 535MPa, and the elastic modulus is 198GPa.
Example 4
The raw materials for preparing the near-net-shape high-volume aluminum-division composite material are 100g of SiC powder with the average particle size of 65 mu m, 50g of 250 mu m SiC powder and 200g of aluminum alloy (Al-3 Mg-14 Si), and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
a. The SiC powder is fully mixed with a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 6wt%, the adding amount of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 9% of the mass of the SiC powder, and then the graphite powder is added. Placing the uniformly mixed powder into a mould (the mould is the same as that of the embodiment 1), adopting a hydraulic press to press and shape, wherein the pressure is 100MPa, the loading rate is 3MPa/s, the dwell time is 3min, and demoulding to obtain a preform green body with a simple geometric shape;
b. c, placing the prefabricated green body with the simple geometric shape prepared in the step a into a blast drying box, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours at 120 ℃;
c. B, fixing the green compact of the prefabricated body with the simple geometric shape after the drying treatment in the step b on a machine tool, and processing the green compact into a special-shaped ceramic prefabricated body with a required appearance structure by adopting a general steel milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of the milling cutter is controlled at 2000r/min, and the advancing speed is controlled at 2mm/s;
d. C, placing the special-shaped ceramic preform blank processed in the step c into a box-type resistance furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, degumming, heating to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4 hours, and performing high-temperature sintering to obtain a special-shaped SiC preform;
e. And d, placing the special-shaped SiC preform prepared by high-temperature sintering in the step d in a graphite crucible filled with aluminum alloy, placing the special-shaped SiC preform above the aluminum alloy, placing the graphite crucible in a resistance furnace, introducing nitrogen for 30min before heating, driving air in the furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 2 hours to complete the pressureless infiltration process, taking out a sample from the crucible, and air-cooling to obtain the near-net-shaped high-body SiC/Al composite material.
The near net shape preparation SiC/Al composite material special-shaped part of the embodiment is shown in a physical diagram in fig. 6, the SiC body is 63%, the bending strength of the part is 406MPa, the elastic modulus is 230GPa, and the stress-strain curve is shown in fig. 7.
Example 5
The raw materials for preparing the near-net-shaped high-volume aluminum-separating composite material are 100g of TiB 2 powder with the average particle size of 300 mu m, 50g of TiB 2 powder with the average particle size of 40 mu m and 200g of aluminum alloy (Al-10 Mg-9 Si), and the specific steps are as follows:
a. The dual-particle TiB 2 powder is fully mixed with a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 5 weight percent, and the addition amount of the polyvinyl alcohol solution accounts for 10 percent of the mass of the TiB 2 powder. Placing the uniformly mixed powder into a mould (the mould is the same as that of the embodiment 1), adopting a hydraulic press to press and shape, wherein the pressure is 130MPa, the loading rate is 3MPa/s, the dwell time is 2min, and demoulding to obtain a preform green body with a simple geometric shape;
b. C, placing the prefabricated green body with the simple geometric shape prepared in the step a into a blast drying box, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 5 hours at 160 ℃;
c. B, fixing the green compact of the simple geometric shape after the drying treatment in the step b on a machine tool, and processing the green compact into a special-shaped ceramic green compact with a required appearance structure by adopting a general steel milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of the milling cutter is controlled at 1500r/min, and the advancing speed is controlled at 1mm/s;
d. c, placing the special-shaped ceramic preform blank processed in the step c into a box-type resistance furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, degumming, heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5 hours, and performing high-temperature sintering to obtain a special-shaped TiB 2 preform;
e. And d, placing the special-shaped TiB 2 prefabricated body prepared in the step d and sintered at high temperature in a graphite crucible filled with aluminum alloy, placing the special-shaped TiB 2 prefabricated body below the aluminum alloy, placing the graphite crucible in a resistance furnace, introducing nitrogen for 30min before heating, driving air in the furnace, heating to 850 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 4 hours to complete the pressureless infiltration process, taking out a sample from the crucible, and air-cooling to obtain the near-net-shaped high-body TiB 2/Al composite material.
The TiB 2/Al composite material special-shaped part prepared in the embodiment is characterized in that the TiB 2 body is 65%, the bending strength of the part is 446MPa, and the elastic modulus is 183GPa.
Example 6
The raw material for preparing the near-net-shaped high-volume aluminum-separating composite material is 150g of diamond powder with the average granularity of 120 mu m, 200g of aluminum alloy (Al-9 Mg-18 Si), and the specific steps are as follows:
a. The diamond powder was thoroughly mixed with a polyvinyl alcohol solution having a concentration of 7wt%, the polyvinyl alcohol solution being added in an amount of 8% by mass of the diamond powder. Placing the uniformly mixed powder into a mould (the mould is the same as that of the embodiment 1), adopting a hydraulic press to press and shape, wherein the pressure is 50MPa, the loading rate is 3MPa/s, the dwell time is 3min, and demoulding to obtain a preform green body with a simple geometric shape;
b. C, placing the prefabricated green body with the simple geometric shape prepared in the step a into a blast drying box, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 10 hours at 80 ℃;
c. B, fixing the green compact of the simple geometric shape after the drying treatment in the step b on a machine tool, and processing the green compact into a special-shaped ceramic green compact with a required appearance structure by adopting a general steel milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of the milling cutter is controlled at 2500r/min, and the advancing speed is controlled at 3mm/s;
d. C, placing the special-shaped ceramic preform blank processed in the step c into a box-type resistance furnace, heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, degumming, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, and performing high-temperature sintering to obtain the special-shaped diamond preform;
e. And d, placing the special-shaped diamond preform prepared in the step d and sintered at high temperature in a graphite crucible filled with aluminum alloy, placing the special-shaped diamond preform above the aluminum alloy, placing the graphite crucible in a resistance furnace, placing the graphite crucible in the resistance furnace, introducing nitrogen for 30min before heating, driving air in the furnace, heating to 950 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 3 hours to complete the pressureless infiltration process, taking out a sample from the crucible, and air-cooling to obtain the near-net-shaped high-body diamond-division reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
The near net shape of the embodiment prepares a diamond reinforced aluminum matrix composite special-shaped part, the diamond body is divided into 50 percent, the bending strength of the part is 324MPa, the elastic modulus is 196GPa, and the stress-strain curve is shown in figure 7.
Comparative example 1
The same starting materials and preparation process as in example 1 were used, but the ceramic preform was not machined (i.e. step c was not performed). The aluminum-based composite material prepared in this comparative example is a regular cube (the simple cubic SiC/Al composite material prepared in comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 8), and has the same height and the same bottom area as those of the aluminum-based composite material in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The method reported in literature Cui Yan and the like, siC particle shaping effect on mechanical properties of high-volume aluminum-based composite materials, finite element simulation, materials theory report and 2019, is combined with a powder natural stacking and pressureless infiltration method to prepare the aluminum-based composite materials, wherein the aluminum-based composite materials are regular cube composite materials, and have the same height and the same bottom area as those of the composite materials in the embodiment 1.
Obviously, if the regular cube composite materials prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2 were processed into the shape of example 1, 53% of the composite material would need to be gradually milled out using a special diamond milling cutter, and the utilization of the material would be about 47%. If more complex composite components are to be processed, the material utilization is further reduced. Meanwhile, the milled composite material cannot be reused, so that waste of raw materials, energy sources and the like is caused.
As can be seen from comparison, the near-net-shape aluminum-based composite materials obtained in examples 1-6 have the advantages of not only reducing raw material consumption, but also obtaining the final required composite material special-shaped member by simple surface processing, wherein the material utilization rate is over 90%.
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing a high-volume aluminum-based composite material by pressureless infiltration near-net shape is characterized in that a ceramic preform green body is prepared by adopting a compression molding method, the ceramic preform green body is dried, then the dried ceramic preform green body is processed into a special-shaped ceramic preform green body with a required shape structure through mechanical processing, the special-shaped ceramic preform green body is sintered at a high temperature to obtain a special-shaped ceramic preform, and finally aluminum is infiltrated into the special-shaped ceramic preform by adopting a pressureless infiltration method to obtain the near-net-shape high-volume aluminum-based composite material.
2. The method for preparing the high-volume aluminum-based composite material with the near-net shape through pressureless infiltration according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
a. Fully mixing ceramic powder with a binder, and performing compression molding to obtain a ceramic preform green body;
b. drying the ceramic preform green body;
c. b, fixing the ceramic preform green body after the drying treatment in the step b on a machine tool, and processing the ceramic preform green body into a special-shaped ceramic preform green body with a required appearance structure by adopting a general steel milling cutter;
d. Degumming the special-shaped ceramic preform blank with the required appearance structure in the step c, and performing high-temperature sintering treatment to obtain a special-shaped ceramic preform;
e. and placing the special-shaped ceramic preform in a graphite crucible filled with aluminum alloy, placing the special-shaped ceramic preform above the aluminum alloy or below the aluminum alloy, placing the graphite crucible in a resistance furnace, heating to 850-1000 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 2-4 hours to complete the pressureless infiltration process, taking out a sample from the graphite crucible, and air-cooling to obtain the near-net-shaped high-body aluminum-division composite material.
3. The method for preparing the high-volume aluminum-based composite material in a non-pressure impregnation near-net shape according to claim 2, wherein in the step a, the ceramic powder is one of silicon carbide powder, aluminum oxide powder, titanium carbide powder, titanium diboride powder and diamond powder, and the particle size of the ceramic powder is 20-300 μm;
the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-10wt%, and the addition amount of the binder is 5-10wt% of the mass of the ceramic powder.
4. The method for preparing the non-pressure impregnation near-net shape of the high-volume aluminum-based composite material according to claim 2, wherein in the step a, the compression molding is performed by adopting a hydraulic press, the compression pressure is 50-150MPa, the loading rate is 3MPa/s, and the dwell time is 1-4min.
5. The method for preparing the high-volume aluminum-based composite material by pressureless impregnation near-net shape according to claim 2, wherein in the step b, the drying treatment is to put the ceramic preform green body into a blast drying oven, and the temperature is kept for 5-10h at 80-160 ℃ with the temperature rising speed of 3-5 ℃/min.
6. The method for preparing the high-volume aluminum-based composite material by pressureless impregnation near-net shape according to claim 2, wherein in the step c, the rotating speed of the milling cutter is 1500-2500r/min, and the advancing speed is 1-3mm/s.
7. The method for preparing the high-volume aluminum-based composite material by pressureless impregnation near-net shape according to claim 2, wherein in the step d, the degumming treatment is to put a special-shaped ceramic preform blank with the required appearance structure into a box-type resistance furnace, and keep the temperature at 400-600 ℃ for 1-3 hours;
After the high-temperature sintering treatment is degumming treatment, heating the box-type resistance furnace to 900-1300 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-5 hours; the temperature rising rate is 4-8 ℃/min.
8. The method for preparing the high-volume aluminum-based composite material in a non-pressure impregnation near-net shape according to claim 2, wherein in the step e, the aluminum alloy is an Al-Mg-Si alloy, the mass fraction of Mg is 3-12%, and the mass fraction of Si is 9-18%.
9. The method for preparing the high-volume aluminum-based composite material by pressureless infiltration near-net shape according to claim 2, wherein in the step e, nitrogen is introduced for 30min before heating, and the preparation process is carried out in a nitrogen protection atmosphere.
10. The method for preparing the high-volume aluminum-based composite material by pressureless impregnation near-net shape according to claim 9, wherein in the step e, the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min.
CN202410068634.4A 2024-01-17 2024-01-17 Non-pressure impregnation near-net shape preparation method of high-volume aluminum-based composite material Pending CN117943528A (en)

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