CN117903834A - Oil-based drilling cuttings treatment equipment and method - Google Patents
Oil-based drilling cuttings treatment equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117903834A CN117903834A CN202410130553.2A CN202410130553A CN117903834A CN 117903834 A CN117903834 A CN 117903834A CN 202410130553 A CN202410130553 A CN 202410130553A CN 117903834 A CN117903834 A CN 117903834A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 175
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283216 Phocidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012668 chain scission Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
- C10B47/40—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with endless conveying devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a treatment device and a treatment method for oil-based drilling cuttings, comprising a heating hearth, wherein the heating hearth comprises a plurality of treatment areas which are sequentially arranged along the height direction, a conveying system and a heating system are arranged in each treatment area, the bottom of each treatment area is provided with a discharge port for discharging volatilized residual oil-based drilling cuttings, the side wall of each treatment area is provided with an air outlet for discharging volatilized mixed substances, each air outlet is respectively communicated with a different three-phase separator, the conveying system is used for conveying the oil-based drilling cuttings to the discharge port, and the heating temperature of each treatment area is set to be different. The application has the advantages of separating various components conveniently and reducing the pollution to the environment in the separation process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of rock debris treatment, in particular to an oil-based drilling cuttings treatment device and method.
Background
With the large-scale development of shale gas wells, oil-based drilling fluids having many advantages such as strong inhibition, temperature resistance, pollution resistance, lubricity, etc. are being widely used. The drilling process produces a great deal of oil-based drilling fluid solid waste, namely oil-based drilling cuttings, which is a mixture of oil (typically diesel oil or white oil) cuttings, chemical additives, heavy metals, water and the like, containing dangerous and harmful components, and can cause huge environmental pollution and resource waste.
At present, a common treatment mode of oil-based drill cuttings is a pyrolysis separation method, namely, the oil-based drill cuttings are placed into a pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace is continuously introduced with a certain temperature (for example, 300-500 ℃) and various component substances (generally different gases and oil gas) in the oil-based drill cuttings can be extracted by utilizing different volatilization temperatures of various components in the oil-based drill cuttings, and then the various component substances are separated one by one through steps such as condensation and the like. However, the light component gas and the heavy component gas extracted in this way are mixed together, the proportion of each component is changed along with the rise of temperature, the later separation treatment is inconvenient, and the mixture of a plurality of components also easily causes the thermal cracking and condensation reforming reaction of hydrocarbon organic molecules, thus causing environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to facilitate separation of various components and reduce environmental pollution during separation, the application provides an apparatus and a method for treating oil-based drill cuttings.
The application provides a treatment device and a method for oil-based drilling cuttings, which adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the present application provides an apparatus for treating oil-based drill cuttings, which adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a treatment facility of oil-based drill chip, includes heating furnace, including a plurality of processing regions that set gradually along the direction of height in the heating furnace, all be equipped with conveying system and heating system in each processing region, the oil-based drill chip exhaust bin outlet that supplies volatilizing to remain is all offered to the bottom in each processing region, has all offered on the lateral wall in each processing region and has supplied volatilizing mixed material exhaust bin outlet, each the gas outlet is led to different three-phase separator respectively, conveying system is used for will receiving oil-based drill chip and will oil-based drill chip is carried to the bin outlet, each processing region heating temperature of heating system sets up to the difference.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up a plurality of processing regions, and set up the processing temperature of different temperature sections in a plurality of processing regions, generally, the temperature is risen gradually along the direction of delivery of oil-based drill chip, oil-based drill chip loops through a plurality of processing regions, according to the different temperatures of volatilizing of different substances in the oil-based drill chip, produce different gas and hydrocarbon respectively after every processing region heating pyrolysis, flow to the three-phase separator in different throughput respectively after discharging from the gas outlet, the component and the proportion etc. of the mixed substance that each processing region produced are unanimous throughout, it is simpler when various components draw the separation, and just can separate out some substances according to pyrolysis temperature when pyrolysis, the degree of difficulty of later stage separation purification has been reduced, and set up the extraction temperature of a plurality of temperature sections, make the extraction temperature divide more finely, control suitable heating temperature reducible hydrocarbon organic matter molecule's thermal cracking and condensation reforming reaction, prevent hydrocarbon molecule chain scission and condensation coking, be favorable to improving the treatment quality, and reduce environmental pollution.
Preferably, the treatment area comprises a drying area for drying the oil-based drilling cuttings, a light oil pyrolysis area for extracting light oil gas and a heavy oil pyrolysis area for extracting heavy oil gas, wherein a feed inlet is formed in the top of the drying area, the discharge ports of the treatment areas are staggered, the heating temperature of the heating system of the treatment areas is gradually increased, and mixed substances generated by volatilization of the treatment areas are discharged through a first air outlet, a second air outlet and a third air outlet respectively.
By adopting the technical scheme, the flowing sequence of the oil-based drilling cuttings is a drying zone, namely a light oil pyrolysis zone and a heavy oil pyrolysis zone, wherein the drying zone mainly comprises drying and water evaporation of the oil-based drilling cuttings, the light oil pyrolysis zone mainly comprises volatilization and precipitation of light oil, thermal cracking of a small amount of macromolecular hydrocarbon and the like, the heavy oil pyrolysis zone mainly comprises thermal cracking reaction of macromolecular organic matters, carbon-carbon bond breakage, generation of pyrolysis oil, hydrogen, methane and the like, and mixed substances of different components are respectively introduced into a three-phase separator so as to facilitate one-to-one separation of different mixed substances, increase types of extractable components, comprehensively utilize and recycle the oil-based drilling cuttings, and respectively recycle the light oil, the heavy oil and combustible noncondensable gas for resource utilization; the discharge openings of the treatment areas are staggered, so that oil-based drilling cuttings are conveyed in a serpentine shape, and the treatment space of the treatment areas is increased.
Preferably, the drying zone, the light oil pyrolysis zone and the heavy oil pyrolysis zone are operated sequentially or operated in cascade, each treatment zone is piled up at the discharge port through oil-based drilling cuttings to realize self-sealing, and the drying zone, the light oil pyrolysis zone and the heavy oil pyrolysis zone are independently controlled.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the inside of each treatment area needs to be heated to different treatment temperatures, the inside of each treatment area is in a sealed state in order to ensure that the temperature inside each treatment area is not influenced by other treatment areas, and as the oil-based drilling cuttings are continuously conveyed in the three treatment areas, the oil-based drilling cuttings materials are accumulated at the discharge port by setting the configuration relation of the conveying speed inside each treatment area, so that the self-sealing of the treatment areas is realized, the realization is convenient, the normal conveying of the oil-based drilling cuttings is not influenced, and the cost is saved; the drying zone, the light oil pyrolysis zone and the heavy oil pyrolysis zone can be operated in sequence or in cascade, and each treatment zone is independently controlled, so that the heating system of each treatment zone can be controlled to be started or not, and the control is flexible.
Preferably, the bottom of each treatment area extends downwards to form a baffle, the baffle is located at one end close to the discharge hole, a level gauge for detecting the height of materials is mounted on the side wall of the baffle, and the level gauge is connected to the control system.
By adopting the technical scheme, the baffle plate extending downwards is arranged at the discharge hole, so that the outward diffusion speed of the oil-based drilling cuttings materials can be reduced, the oil-based drilling cuttings materials can be conveniently accumulated at the discharge hole, and the sealing effect in each treatment area is ensured; through setting up the charge level indicator at the bin outlet, detect the oil base drill chip material accumulation condition of bin outlet, be convenient for remind control system's alarm to report to the police when the material is piled up inadequately, the workman of being convenient for in time adjusts the conveying speed of conveying system in the processing zone.
Preferably, the conveying system comprises a driving belt and a power piece, the driving belt comprises a plurality of conveying plates, the conveying plates are connected end to form a closed driving belt, a separation gap exists between every two adjacent conveying plates, and a collecting assembly used for collecting impurities falling from the separation gap is arranged at the bottom in each treatment area.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the small-volume impurity that produces after the pyrolysis in the oil-based drill cuttings can fall to the bottom of handling district along the gradual separation clearance of two delivery plates to by collecting the subassembly and collecting, be convenient for get rid of the impurity in the oil-based drill cuttings when pyrolysis purification, finally obtain the oil-based drill cuttings after purifying, simplify purification process, improve work efficiency.
Preferably, scrapers are fixed at intervals along the length direction of the driving belt, each scraper is vertically arranged, the height of each scraper is configured to be abutted against the bottom of each treatment area when rotating, so that falling impurities can be gathered towards the position of a collecting assembly, and the collecting assembly is arranged at one end of each treatment area far away from the discharge opening.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, thereby the scraper blade rotates gradually along with the rotation of conveying belt and scrapes the impurity that falls to the processing zone bottom along with the drive belt, along with the gradual whereabouts of impurity, the scraper blade also scrapes the one end of collection subassembly with impurity gradually, is convenient for realize the collection processing to the impurity.
Preferably, the collecting assembly comprises a collecting box inserted at the bottom of each processing area, and a weight sensor for detecting the weight of impurities in the collecting box is arranged in the collecting box; the bottom plate of the collecting box is a drawing plate which is in sliding connection with the four side plates, and the drawing plate is used for drawing out when the weight data detected by the weight sensor reaches a preset weight threshold value in the control system.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during conventional state, impurity falls into in collecting the box from the opening on collecting box top, and weight sensor is used for detecting the weight of collecting the interior impurity of box, and when impurity that falls into in the collecting box reaches the weight threshold value of predetermineeing in the control system, weight sensor sends the signal to control system, reminds the workman to pull out the pull board, and impurity drops to in the next processing zone under the action of gravity.
Preferably, the collecting assembly comprises rotating rollers arranged at the bottoms of the treatment areas in a rotating mode, the rotating rollers extend inwards and comprise roller bodies and stop plates formed on the roller bodies, at least three stop plates are arranged along the axis of the roller bodies at intervals, two adjacent stop plates enclose each other to form a collecting space for collecting and storing falling impurities, and the roller bodies automatically turn over after the impurities in the collecting space reach a set weight.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the impurity that drops is scraped through the scraper blade and falls into in the collection space, along with the gradual increase of impurity, after the weight of impurity in the collection space reaches and is the weight of live-rollers is certain proportion, the live-rollers is automatic to overturn, in with the impurity fall into next processing zone, next processing zone also is through same processing with discharging in with whole impurity follow furnace, need not pull out collection assembly, and can reach automatic clearance behind the certain weight at the impurity, it is more laborsaving, and can effectively ensure the leakproofness of processing zone.
In a second aspect, the application provides a method for treating oil-based drill cuttings, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of treating oil-based drill cuttings comprising the steps of:
Drying treatment: introducing crushed oil-based drill cuttings into a drying zone, heating the drying zone to a drying extraction temperature, volatilizing the oil-based drill cuttings to form a first mixed substance, discharging the first mixed substance through a first air outlet, and enabling the volatilized first oil-based drill cuttings residues to fall into a light oil pyrolysis zone;
Light oil gas extraction: heating the light oil pyrolysis zone to the light oil gas extraction temperature, volatilizing the first oil-based drilling cuttings residual material to form a second mixed substance, discharging the second mixed substance through a second gas outlet, and enabling the volatilized second oil-based drilling cuttings residual material to fall into the heavy oil pyrolysis zone;
Heavy oil gas extraction: heating the heavy oil pyrolysis zone to the heavy oil gas extraction temperature, volatilizing the second oil-based drilling cuttings to form a third mixed substance and discharging the third mixed substance through a third gas outlet, and discharging the remaining purified oil-based drilling cuttings;
Condensing and separating components: respectively introducing the first mixed substance, the second mixed substance and the third mixed substance into different three-phase separators, and purifying light oil and heavy oil;
wherein, the drying extraction temperature is less than the light oil gas extraction temperature and less than the heavy oil gas extraction temperature.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the extraction temperature of different temperature sections is led into respectively to desiccation district, light oil pyrolysis district and heavy oil pyrolysis district, and extraction temperature rises gradually, oil-based drill chip loops through desiccation district, light oil pyrolysis district, heavy oil pyrolysis district, desiccation district evaporation draws the moisture in the oil-based drill chip, afterwards, the light oil pyrolysis district is led into, by higher temperature pyrolysis in order to volatilize light oil and separate out, and the thermal cracking of a small amount of macromolecular hydrocarbon, the main macromolecular organic matter thermal cracking reaction that takes place in heavy oil pyrolysis district, the carbon-carbon bond fracture, generate pyrolysis oil, hydrogen and methane, the mixed material composition and the proportion that produce in the three treatment district are different, and the mixed material that each treatment district produced is consistently, can not be in the same place along with the temperature rising various components, then put into three kinds of mixed material respectively in the three-phase separator, the three-phase is according to the composition and the different throughput of the proportion condition design of different mixed material, in order to carry out corresponding decomposition, in the separation, more simple and convenient, control suitable heating temperature can reduce the hydrocarbon organic molecule and the thermal cracking reaction with the condensation of condensation, the thermal cracking reaction of hydrocarbon and the quality of the thermal cracking is improved, be favorable to the quality of the thermal cracking.
Preferably, when components are condensed and separated, a circulating cooling system is started to supplement water and spray to a corresponding three-phase separator, generated wastewater is collected and treated, and generated noncondensable gas is subjected to gas-water separation and filtration for recycling.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. According to the application, the three temperature sections of the treatment areas are arranged, the extraction temperatures of the three treatment areas are gradually increased, the oil-based drilling cuttings gradually pass through the three treatment areas, the extraction temperature range is wider, the separation is finer, more components in the oil-based drilling cuttings are conveniently extracted, the thermal cracking and condensation reforming reactions of hydrocarbon organic molecules can be effectively reduced in the extraction process, the hydrocarbon molecules are prevented from breaking chains and condensation coking, the quality of extracted substances is ensured, and the pollution to the environment is reduced; during pyrolysis, substances can be separated according to pyrolysis temperature, so that the difficulty of separation and purification in the later stage is reduced;
2. the conveying belt is provided with a plurality of conveying plates connected with separation gaps, a scraper vertical to the conveying belt is arranged on the conveying belt, and a collecting assembly is arranged at the bottom of each treatment area, so that small particle impurities in the conveying belt can fall off from the separation gaps of the conveying plates conveniently in the conveying process of oil-based drilling cuttings, and the scraper scrapes the impurities falling to the bottom to one end of the collecting assembly along with the rotation of the conveying belt and is collected by the collecting assembly;
3. Through setting up downwardly extending's baffle in the position of bin outlet to and set up the speed of delivery of material in desiccation district, the pyrolysis of light oil district, the pyrolysis of heavy oil district and reduce gradually, be convenient for realize the material and pile up in the position of bin outlet, realize the self sealss in each processing district, with the sealed anaerobic effect in each processing district of guarantee, avoid the operation in each processing district to interfere with each other, guarantee oil-based drill chip's extraction quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of an apparatus for treating oil-based drill cuttings of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the belt.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the collection assembly of the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a collection assembly according to a second embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a process flow diagram of a method of treating oil-based drill cuttings of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate: 01. heating the hearth; 11. a drying zone; 12. a light oil pyrolysis zone; 13. a heavy oil pyrolysis zone; 2. a conveying system; 21. a transmission belt; 211. a conveying plate; 212. a separation gap; 3. a heating system; 4. a discharge port; 5. an air outlet; 51. a first air outlet; 52. a second air outlet; 53. a third air outlet; 6. a feed inlet; 7. a baffle; 8. a scraper; 9. a collection assembly; 91. a collection box; 92. a drawing plate; 93. a receiving groove; 94. a rotating roller; 941. a roller body; 942. a stopper plate; 943. and collecting the space.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-5.
The embodiment of the application discloses a treatment device for oil-based drilling cuttings. Referring to fig. 1, the oil-based drilling cuttings treatment apparatus includes a heating hearth 01, wherein the heating hearth 01 includes treatment areas sequentially arranged along a height direction, and a conveying system 2 and a heating system 3 are arranged in each treatment area. Different extraction temperature sections are arranged in each treatment zone, and the extraction temperature is generally gradually increased from the top treatment zone to the bottom treatment zone. The top of the top treatment area is provided with a feed inlet 6 for feeding crushed oil-based drill cuttings, and the bottom of each treatment area is provided with a discharge outlet 4 for discharging volatilized residual oil-based drill cuttings. The heating system 3 comprises electric heating wires arranged on the inner wall of each processing area, and each processing area is internally provided with a temperature sensor, so that the processing area is kept at a set extraction temperature section through detection and feedback of the temperature sensor.
Referring to fig. 1, a conveying system 2 is used to receive oil-based cuttings falling from a feed port 6 or a discharge port 4 of a previous treatment area and to convey the oil-based cuttings to the discharge port 4 of the present treatment area. As the conveying system 2 is conveyed from end to end, the oil-based cuttings on the conveying system 2 are pyrolyzed into multiple materials during this period. The pyrolysis time is correspondingly adjusted according to the conveying speed of the conveying system 2. The side wall of each treatment area is provided with an air outlet 5, and each air outlet 5 is respectively communicated with a three-phase separator with different treatment capacities. The mixed material produced by pyrolysis is discharged from the gas outlet 5 to a three-phase separator, and the three-phase separator is configured with the processing capacity according to different components and the proportion of the components contained in the mixed material. The three-phase separator is connected with the spraying circulation system, and the components in the mixed substances are separated out by spraying and condensing the three-phase separator.
Referring to fig. 1, in particular, three treatment zones, namely a drying zone 11, a light oil pyrolysis zone 12 and a heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13, are arranged from high to low. The extraction temperature section of the drying zone 11 is 20-140 ℃, and the drying zone mainly comprises oil-based drilling cuttings drying and water evaporation. The extraction temperature section of the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 is 180-370 ℃, and the light oil pyrolysis zone mainly volatilizes and separates out light oil, thermally cracks a small amount of macromolecular hydrocarbons and the like. The extraction temperature section of the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13 is 370-450 ℃, and the thermal cracking reaction of macromolecular organic matters mainly occurs, and carbon-carbon bonds are broken to generate pyrolysis oil, hydrogen, methane and the like. The oil-based drilling cuttings can be comprehensively utilized and recovered, and light oil, heavy oil and combustible non-condensable gas can be respectively recovered for resource utilization. The air outlet 5 comprises a first air outlet 51 formed in the side wall of the drying zone 11, a second air outlet 52 formed in the side wall of the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 and a third air outlet 53 formed in the side wall of the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13. The first air outlet 51, the second air outlet 52 and the third air outlet 53 are all arranged on the same side of the discharge opening 4. The discharge opening 4 of the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13 is sealed by a sealing device.
Referring to fig. 1, independent chambers are designed between each processing area to avoid mutual interference and ensure extraction quality. The heating systems 3 in the drying zone 11, the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 and the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13 are independently controlled, and the drying zone 11, the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 and the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13 can be operated sequentially or in cascade so as to be flexibly controlled according to actual requirements. In the present application, the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 conveying system 2 is extended to the drain port 4 of the drying zone 11 to be blocked, the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13 conveying system 2 is also extended to the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 to be blocked to the drain port 4, and the conveying speed of the conveying system 2 is gradually reduced from the drying zone 11 to the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13. The oil-based drill cuttings are pyrolyzed along with the conveying process of the conveying system 2, and residual oil-based drill cuttings after pyrolysis fall to the discharge port 4 from the conveying system 2 so as to realize the self-sealing effect of the chambers of each treatment area by utilizing the accumulation of materials. In order to reduce the diffusion speed of the materials at the discharge port 4, the bottoms of the drying zone 11 and the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 are downwards extended to form a baffle plate 7, and the baffle plate 7 is positioned at one end close to the discharge port 4 and has a certain distance from the conveying system 2 of the next treatment zone so as to block the falling oil-based drilling cuttings by using the baffle plate 7. Install the charge level indicator that is used for detecting material height on baffle 7's the lateral wall, and the charge level indicator is connected to control system, and the charge level indicator detects the oil-based drill chip material accumulation condition of bin outlet 4, and the alarm of reminding control system is reported to the police when the material is piled up inadequately, and the workman of being convenient for in time adjusts the conveying speed of conveying system 2 in the processing zone.
For the convenience of conveying, the discharge outlet 4 of each treatment area is arranged at one end, and two adjacent discharge outlets 4 are arranged in a staggered mode, so that oil-based drilling cuttings are conveyed in a serpentine mode, the oil-based drilling cuttings are convenient to continuously convey in the three treatment areas, the space is saved, and the residence time of the oil-based drilling cuttings in each treatment area is prolonged.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the conveyor system 2 includes a conveyor system 2 including a belt 21 and a power member (not shown) that can be selectively engaged by a motor and a decelerator to drive the belt 21. Further, in order to remove the impurities of small particles in the oil-based drilling cuttings or generated by pyrolysis at the same time of pyrolysis, save the time for removing the impurities at the later stage, simplify the purification process, the conveyor belt 21 is formed by connecting a plurality of conveying plates 211 end to form a closed conveyor belt, and a separation gap 212 is formed between two adjacent conveying plates 211. Therefore, during the conveying process, the impurities in the oil-based drilling cuttings fall to the bottom of the treatment area from the separation gap 212 under vibration, so that the impurities are separated from the oil-based drilling cuttings. As the impurities gradually increase, collecting assemblies 9 for collecting the impurities falling from the separation gap 212 are arranged at the bottoms of the drying zone 11, the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 and the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13, and the collecting assemblies 9 are arranged at one ends far away from the discharge ports 4 of the corresponding treatment zones. A plurality of vertically disposed baffles 7 are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction of the belt 21, and the height of the baffles 7 is configured to abut against the bottom of each treatment area when rotated. Along with the rotation of the driving belt 21, the scraping plate 8 also gradually rotates so as to scrape and gather the impurities falling at the bottom of the treatment area at one end of the collection assembly 9, so that the collection treatment of the impurities is conveniently realized.
Referring to fig. 3, in a first practical embodiment, the collection assembly 9 comprises a collection box 91 inserted at the bottom of each treatment zone, with the open end of the collection box 91 exposed and unobstructed by the conveyor system 2. The bottom plate of collecting box 91 is the pull board 92 with four curb plate sliding connection to be provided with the weight sensor that is used for detecting the impurity weight in collecting box 91, weight sensor is used for real-time detection to collect the impurity weight in the box 91, presets the weight threshold value of impurity weight in the box 91 in the control system, and pull board 92 is used for automatic pull out when the weight data that weight sensor detected reaches the weight threshold value for the impurity drops to the next processing zone under the action of gravity, and the collection principle in each processing zone is the same, until the impurity drops to the outside collecting device of furnace.
In order to secure the bearing capacity of the drawing plate 92, a receiving groove 93 into which the drawing plate 92 is inserted is provided at one end far from the drawing end.
Referring to fig. 4, in a second practical embodiment, the collecting assembly 9 includes a rotating roller 94 rotatably disposed at the bottom of each treatment zone, the rotating roller 94 extending in the width direction of the treatment zone. The rotating roller 94 includes a roller body 941 and a stopper 942 formed on the roller body 941. And the baffle plates 942 are provided with at least three along the axis of the roller 941 at intervals, and a collecting space 943 for collecting and storing falling impurities is formed between two adjacent baffle plates 942 in a surrounding manner, and the roller 941 automatically turns over after the impurities in the collecting space 943 reach a set weight. Because the impurity is pushed by the scraper 8 to enter the collecting space 943 from one side all the time, the mass distribution of the impurity in the collecting space 943 is uneven, and when the weight of the impurity in the collecting space 943 reaches the moving weight, the rotating roller 94 can be caused to automatically overturn so that the impurity falls down. When the foreign matter falls completely, the rotating roller 94 reaches an equilibrium state again so that the foreign matter continues to fall into the stopper space.
The implementation principle of the oil-based drilling cuttings treatment equipment provided by the embodiment of the application is as follows: the respective heating systems 3 heat the drying zone 11, the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 and the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13 to the corresponding extraction temperatures, and then crushed oil-based drill cuttings are introduced into the drying zone 11 from the feed inlet 6 and then are received by the driving belt 21 of the drying zone 11, and the oil-based drill cuttings are gradually conveyed to one end of the discharge outlet 4 along with the driving belt 21, so that in the process of conveying the oil-based drill cuttings from the feed inlet 6 to the discharge outlet 4, the water in the oil-based drill cuttings is evaporated and discharged from the first air outlet 51 to the corresponding three-phase separator. Along with the continuous rotation of the driving belt 21, the evaporated oil-based drilling cuttings fall into the driving belt 21 of the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 from the discharge opening 4, and the self-sealing of the drying zone 11 is realized by utilizing the matching of the conveying speed of the driving belt 21 and the blocking effect of the baffle 7, so that the oil-based drilling cuttings are accumulated at the discharge opening 4. Along with the transportation of the transportation system 2 in the light oil pyrolysis zone 12, the light oil in the oil-based drilling cuttings volatilizes and separates out, and the second mixed gas generated by thermal cracking of a small amount of macromolecular hydrocarbons and the like is introduced into the three-phase separator from the second gas outlet 52. The oil-based drilling cuttings after pyrolysis in the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 fall onto the transmission belt 21 of the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13 from the discharge port 4, and the third mixed gas of pyrolysis oil, hydrogen, methane and the like is generated along with the heavy thermal cracking reaction of macromolecular organic matters in the oil-based drilling cuttings conveyed by the transmission belt 21 and the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds, and is introduced into the three-phase separator through the third air outlet 53. Impurities in the oil-based drill cuttings fall to the bottom of the treatment area from the separation gaps 212 between the conveying plates 211 in the conveying process, then gradually gather towards the collecting assembly 9 through scraping of the scraping plate 8, and the oil-based drill cuttings remained after pyrolysis in the heavy oil pyrolysis area 13 are purified oil-based drill cuttings.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a treatment method of the oil-based drilling cuttings. Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the method of treating oil-based drill cuttings comprises the steps of:
drying treatment: the crushed oil-based drill cuttings are introduced into a drying zone 11, the drying zone 11 is heated to a drying extraction temperature, the oil-based drill cuttings volatilize to form a first mixed substance and are discharged through a first air outlet 51, and the volatilized first oil-based drill cuttings residues fall into a light oil pyrolysis zone 12.
Light oil gas extraction: the light oil pyrolysis zone 12 is heated to a light oil gas extraction temperature and the first oil-based drill cuttings residue volatilizes to form a second mixture and is discharged through a second gas outlet 52, the volatilized remaining second oil-based drill cuttings residue falling into the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13.
Heavy oil gas extraction: the heavy oil pyrolysis zone 13 is heated to a heavy oil extraction temperature and the second oil-based drill cuttings volatilize to form a third mixture and are discharged through a third gas outlet 53, leaving clean oil-based drill cuttings discharged.
Condensing and separating components: and respectively introducing the first mixed substance, the second mixed substance and the third mixed substance into different three-phase separators to purify the light oil and the heavy oil.
Wherein, the drying extraction temperature is less than the light oil gas extraction temperature and less than the heavy oil gas extraction temperature.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (10)
1. An oil-based drill cuttings treatment apparatus, characterized by: including heating furnace (01), including a plurality of processing regions that set gradually along the direction of height in heating furnace (01), all be equipped with conveying system (2) and heating system (3) in each processing region, oil-based drill chip exhaust bin outlet (4) that supply to volatilize the remainder have all been seted up on each processing region's the lateral wall, each air outlet (5) each lead to different three-phase separator, conveying system (2) are used for will receiving oil-based drill chip and will oil-based drill chip is carried to bin outlet (4), each processing region heating temperature of heating system (3) sets up to the difference.
2. The oil-based cuttings treatment apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the treatment area comprises a drying area (11) for drying oil-based drilling cuttings, a light oil pyrolysis area (12) for extracting light oil gas and a heavy oil pyrolysis area (13) for extracting heavy oil gas, wherein a charging hole (6) is formed in the top of the drying area (11), discharge holes (4) of all the treatment areas are staggered, the heating temperature of the heating system (3) is gradually increased in all the treatment areas, and mixed substances generated by volatilization in all the treatment areas are discharged through a first air outlet (51), a second air outlet (52) and a third air outlet (53) respectively.
3. The oil-based cuttings treatment apparatus of claim 2 wherein: the drying zone (11), the light oil pyrolysis zone (12) and the heavy oil pyrolysis zone (13) are operated sequentially or operated in series, and each treatment zone is piled up at the discharge port (4) through oil-based drilling cuttings to realize self-sealing; and the drying zone (11), the light oil pyrolysis zone (12) and the heavy oil pyrolysis zone (13) are independently controlled.
4. The oil-based cuttings treatment apparatus of claim 3 wherein: the bottom of each treatment area extends downwards to form a baffle plate (7), the baffle plate (7) is positioned at one end close to the discharge port (4), a material level gauge for detecting the height of materials is arranged on the side wall of the baffle plate (7), and the material level gauge is connected to a control system.
5. The oil-based cuttings treatment apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the conveying system (2) comprises a driving belt (21) and a power piece, the driving belt (21) comprises a plurality of conveying plates (211), the conveying plates (211) are connected end to form a closed driving belt (21), a separation gap (212) exists between every two adjacent conveying plates (211), and a collecting assembly (9) for collecting impurities falling from the separation gap (212) is arranged at the bottom in each treatment area.
6. The oil-based cuttings treatment apparatus of claim 5 wherein: the scraper plates (8) are fixed at intervals along the length direction of the transmission belt (21), the scraper plates (8) are vertically arranged, the height of each scraper plate (8) is configured to be abutted against the bottom of each treatment area when rotating, so that falling impurities can be gathered towards the position of the collecting assembly (9), and the collecting assembly (9) is arranged at one end, away from the discharge opening (4), of each treatment area.
7. The oil-based cuttings treatment apparatus of claim 6 wherein: the collecting assembly (9) comprises a collecting box (91) inserted at the bottom of each processing area, and a weight sensor for detecting the weight of impurities in the collecting box (91) is arranged in the collecting box (91); the bottom plate of the collecting box (91) is a drawing plate (92) which is in sliding connection with the four side plates, and the drawing plate (92) is used for drawing out when the weight data detected by the weight sensor reaches a preset weight threshold value in the control system.
8. The oil-based cuttings treatment apparatus of claim 6 wherein: the collecting assembly (9) comprises rotating rollers (94) which are arranged on the bottom plates of all treatment areas in a rotating mode, the rotating rollers (94) extend inwards and comprise roller bodies (941) and stop plates (942) which are formed on the roller bodies (941), at least three stop plates (942) are arranged at intervals along the axis of the roller bodies (941), two adjacent stop plates (942) enclose to form a collecting space (943) for collecting and storing falling impurities, and the roller bodies (941) are automatically turned over after the impurities in the collecting space (943) reach a set weight.
9. A method for treating oil-based drill cuttings, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
Drying treatment: introducing crushed oil-based drill cuttings into a drying zone (11), heating the drying zone (11) to a drying extraction temperature, volatilizing the oil-based drill cuttings to form a first mixed substance, discharging the first mixed substance through a first air outlet (51), and enabling the volatilized first oil-based drill cuttings residues to fall into a light oil pyrolysis zone (12);
Light oil gas extraction: heating the light oil pyrolysis zone (12) to a light oil gas extraction temperature, volatilizing the first oil-based drilling cuttings residual material to form a second mixed substance and discharging the second mixed substance through a second gas outlet (52), wherein the volatilized second oil-based drilling cuttings residual material falls into the heavy oil pyrolysis zone (13);
Heavy oil gas extraction: heating the heavy oil pyrolysis zone (13) to a heavy oil and gas extraction temperature, volatilizing the second oil-based drill cuttings to form a third mixed substance and discharging the third mixed substance through a third gas outlet (53), and discharging the remaining purified oil-based drill cuttings;
Condensing and separating components: respectively introducing the first mixed substance, the second mixed substance and the third mixed substance into different three-phase separators, and purifying light oil and heavy oil;
wherein, the drying extraction temperature is less than the light oil gas extraction temperature and less than the heavy oil gas extraction temperature.
10. The method of treating oil-based drill cuttings of claim 9 wherein: when components are condensed and separated, a circulating cooling system is started to supplement water and spray to a corresponding three-phase separator, generated wastewater is collected and treated, and generated non-condensable gas is subjected to gas-water separation and filtration for recycling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410130553.2A CN117903834A (en) | 2024-01-30 | 2024-01-30 | Oil-based drilling cuttings treatment equipment and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410130553.2A CN117903834A (en) | 2024-01-30 | 2024-01-30 | Oil-based drilling cuttings treatment equipment and method |
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| CN117903834A true CN117903834A (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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| CN202410130553.2A Pending CN117903834A (en) | 2024-01-30 | 2024-01-30 | Oil-based drilling cuttings treatment equipment and method |
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| CN (1) | CN117903834A (en) |
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- 2024-01-30 CN CN202410130553.2A patent/CN117903834A/en active Pending
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