CN117801850A - 燃料组合物 - Google Patents
燃料组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117801850A CN117801850A CN202311285713.2A CN202311285713A CN117801850A CN 117801850 A CN117801850 A CN 117801850A CN 202311285713 A CN202311285713 A CN 202311285713A CN 117801850 A CN117801850 A CN 117801850A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mannich base
- package
- detergent
- gasoline fuel
- quaternary ammonium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 89
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930003836 cresol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical class CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PLFFHJWXOGYWPR-HEDMGYOXSA-N (4r)-4-[(3r,3as,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]pentan-1-ol Chemical compound C([C@]1(C)[C@H]2CC[C@H]34)CCC(C)(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@]3(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H](CCCO)C PLFFHJWXOGYWPR-HEDMGYOXSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 93
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 25
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 21
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 11
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 8
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 7
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical class C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleicacidamide-heptaglycolether Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanamine Chemical compound CC(C)CN KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical class OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanediamide Chemical class NC(=O)CCC(N)=O SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(C)C ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCNCCCCC JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FWWQKRXKHIRPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=O FWWQKRXKHIRPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical group CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCNHQNGFLVPROM-QXMHVHEDSA-N (z)-n,n-dimethyloctadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN(C)C DCNHQNGFLVPROM-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005207 1,3-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PVOAHINGSUIXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCNCC1 PVOAHINGSUIXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUXXCHAGQCBNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,2-n,2-n-tetramethylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)CN(C)C JUXXCHAGQCBNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCLXYPMMZJNFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethyloctadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)C(N)=O PCLXYPMMZJNFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDIAMRVROCPPBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CN XDIAMRVROCPPBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMAXMXPDVWTIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylethyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 DMAXMXPDVWTIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFDCBRMNNSAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol Chemical compound OCCN1CCOCC1 KKFDCBRMNNSAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKCNDTDWDGQHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(tert-butyldisulfanyl)-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)SSC(C)(C)C BKCNDTDWDGQHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLNTMNRNCENRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-hydroxyethyl(octadecyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCO)CCO NDLNTMNRNCENRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDMGNVWZXRKJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CDMGNVWZXRKJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CN LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJBCRXCAPCODGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-(2-methylpropyl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CNCC(C)C NJBCRXCAPCODGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPMSNLLZXRIEOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-tert-butylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)NC(C)(C)C VPMSNLLZXRIEOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYAMWUKXPKPEAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-n-tert-butylbutane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCCC(C)NC(C)(C)C VYAMWUKXPKPEAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical compound CCN1CCOCC1 HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SAIKULLUBZKPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(2-ethylhexyl) amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CNCC(CC)CCCC SAIKULLUBZKPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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Abstract
一种清洁剂添加剂包，该清洁剂添加剂包包含季铵内盐清洁剂和曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物，其中该季铵内盐从基本上不含任何游离阴离子物质的胺或多胺中获得，其中该曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物包含衍生自二胺或多胺的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂组分和衍生自单胺的第二曼尼希碱清洁剂组分，其中该第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与该第二曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:6至约3:1的范围内，并且其中该季铵内盐清洁剂与该曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:10至约1:100的范围内。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于提供增强的发动机和/或喷射器性能的包含某些燃料添加剂的燃料组合物、燃料添加剂包，以及涉及使用所述燃料组合物来改进发动机性能和/或喷射器性能的方法。
背景技术
用于车辆的燃料组合物不断得到改善，以增强燃料的各种特性，以便适应它们在更新、更先进的发动机(包括汽油进气道燃料喷射发动机以及缸内直接喷射发动机两者)中的使用。通常，燃料组合物的改善集中在关于改善燃料添加剂和在燃料中使用的其它组分。举例来说，可将摩擦改进剂添加到燃料以降低发动机的燃料递送系统的摩擦和磨损。可以包括其它添加剂以降低燃料的腐蚀电位或以改善导电性质。还可将其它添加剂与燃料共混以改善燃料经济性。发动机和燃料输送系统沉积物代表现代内燃机的另一个问题，并且因此其它燃料添加剂通常包括各种沉积物控制添加剂以控制和/或缓解发动机沉积物问题。因此，燃料组合物通常包括复杂的添加剂混合物。
然而，当试图平衡这类复杂的添加剂种类时仍然存在挑战。举例来说，一些常规燃料添加剂可有益于一种特性或一种类型的发动机，但是同时不利于燃料的另一种特性。在一些情况下，在汽油进气道燃料喷射发动机中有效的燃料添加剂不一定在缸内直接喷射发动机中提供相当的性能，反之亦然。在另外其它情况下，燃料添加剂通常需要不合理的高处理速率以实现期望效果，这往往会对在燃料组合物中的其它添加剂的可用量产生不期望的限制。然而其它燃料添加剂往往是昂贵的和/或难以制造或掺入燃料中。此类缺点在季铵盐燃料添加剂的情况下尤其如此，该季铵盐燃料添加剂通常难以制造或制造成本高和/或为了性能需要相对高的处理速率。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种无铅汽油燃料，包含主要量的基础燃料和清洁剂添加剂包的燃料组合物，其中所述清洁剂添加剂包包含季铵内盐清洁剂和曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物，其中所述季铵内盐从基本上不含任何游离阴离子物质的胺或多胺中获得，并且其中所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物包含衍生自二胺或多胺的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂组分和衍生自单胺的第二曼尼希碱清洁剂组分，其中所述第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与所述第二曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:6至约3:1的范围内，并且其中所述季铵内盐清洁剂与所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:10至约1:100的范围内。
根据本发明，还提供了无铅汽油燃料组合物用于改进缸内直接喷射发动机中的发动机和/或喷射器性能的用途，其中所述无铅汽油燃料组合物包含主要量的汽油基础燃料和清洁剂添加剂包，其中所述清洁剂添加剂包包含季铵内盐清洁剂和曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物，其中所述季铵内盐从基本上不含任何游离阴离子物质的胺或多胺中获得，并且其中所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物包含衍生自二胺或多胺的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂组分和衍生自单胺的第二曼尼希碱清洁剂组分，其中所述第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与所述第二曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:6至约3:1的范围内，并且其中所述季铵内盐清洁剂与所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:10至约1:100的范围内。
根据本发明，还提供了一种用于改进缸内直接喷射发动机中的发动机性能和/或喷射器性能的方法，所述方法包括向所述发动机供应包含主要量的汽油基础燃料和清洁剂添加剂包的无铅汽油燃料组合物，其中所述清洁剂添加剂包包含季铵内盐清洁剂和曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物，其中所述季铵内盐从基本上不含任何游离阴离子物质的胺或多胺中获得，并且其中所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物包含衍生自二胺或多胺的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂组分和衍生自单胺的第二曼尼希碱清洁剂组分，其中所述第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与所述第二曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:6至约3:1的范围内，并且其中所述季铵内盐清洁剂与所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:10至约1:100的范围内。
前一段的方法或用途可包括任选的步骤、特征或它们的任何组合的限制。该方法或用途的方法或实施方案可包括以下项中的一者或多者：其中改进的喷射器性能是改进的燃料流量、改进的燃料经济性、改进的发动机效率或它们的组合中的一者；并且/或者其中改进的喷射器性能通过喷射器脉冲宽度、喷射持续时间、喷射器流量或它们的组合中的一者来测量。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明实施例以及比较例1和比较例2的长期燃料修正(LTFT)的图。
具体实施方式
本发明的无铅汽油燃料组合物包含曼尼希清洁剂和季铵盐，以及特别是曼尼希清洁剂和烃基取代的季铵内盐的组合，发现其有效地在缸内直接喷射(GDI)发动机中提供改进的发动机和/或喷射器性能。本文还提供了使用或燃烧包含本文的燃料添加剂组合的燃料以实现改进的发动机和/或喷射器性能的方法。
本发明人已经发现，本发明的无铅汽油燃料组合物提供改进的发动机和/或喷射器性能，包括控制或减少燃料喷射器沉积物。改进的喷射器性能还可导致如经由喷射器脉冲宽度、喷射持续时间和/或喷射器流量中的一者或多者所确定的改进的燃料流量、改进的燃料经济性和/或改进的发动机效率中的一者或多者。
在本发明的一个方面中，无铅汽油燃料组合物包含汽油基础燃料和清洁剂添加剂包。清洁剂添加剂包通常以6PTB(23ppmw)至528PTB(2000ppmw)，优选8PTB(30ppmw)至300PTB(1125ppmw)，更优选30PTB(113ppmw)至250PTB(942ppmw)的浓度使用(其中PTB代表每千桶汽油的添加剂磅数)。
用于本文的清洁剂添加剂包包含含有季铵内盐清洁剂和曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物，其中季铵内盐从基本上不含任何游离阴离子物质的胺或多胺中获得，并且其中曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物包含衍生自二胺或多胺的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂组分和衍生自单胺的第二曼尼希碱清洁剂组分，其中第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与第二曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:6至约3:1，优选约1:4至约2:1，更优选约1:2至约2:1的范围内，例如1:1，并且其中季铵内盐清洁剂与曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:10至约1:100，优选约1:20至约1:50，更优选约1:25至约1:35的范围内，例如约1:25、约1:30或约1:35。用于本文的合适的曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物公开于US2016/0289584中。该包还可含有溶剂。合适的溶剂的示例包括芳族溶剂(例如，二甲苯、芳族100、芳族150和芳族200)、链烷烃溶剂、醇、石油馏出物(例如，汽油)、酯或它们的混合物。该包还可包含破乳剂、腐蚀抑制剂、抗磨添加剂、抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、抗静电添加剂、消雾剂、抗爆添加剂、润滑性添加剂和/或助燃剂中的一者或多者。在一个方面，季铵内盐清洁剂和曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物一起占该包的5％-90％。
在本文的一个实施方案中，合适的燃料添加剂包包含(i)曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物，其包含(a)衍生自二胺或多胺的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂组分，(b)衍生自单胺的第二曼尼希碱清洁剂组分；(ii)季铵内盐；和(iii)任选的载体流体组分，其选自由聚醚一元醇和聚醚多元醇组成的组。燃料添加剂包中第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与第二曼尼希碱清洁剂的重量比在约1:6至约3:1，诸如约1:4至约2:1，或约1:3至约1:1的范围内。清洁剂添加剂包中曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物与季铵盐的重量比在约1:10至约1:100，优选约1:20至约1:50，更优选约1:25至约1:35，例如约1:25、约1:30或约1:35的范围内。
在本发明的另一个方面，汽油燃料组合物包含曼尼希碱清洁剂添加剂和季铵内盐清洁剂的组合而不是清洁剂添加剂包。在本发明的这一方面，通过将单独的清洁剂添加剂预混合在一起，任选地与一种或多种抗磨添加剂和/或一种或多种琥珀酰亚胺清洁剂和/或一种或多种载体流体一起预混合，然后将预混合物添加到汽油基础燃料中，或者通过将单独的清洁剂添加剂和单独的抗磨添加剂和载体流体直接添加到汽油基础燃料中而将曼尼希碱清洁剂添加剂添加到汽油基础燃料中。
曼尼希碱清洁剂：
适用于本发明的曼尼希碱清洁剂为烷基取代的羟基芳族化合物、醛和胺的反应产物。用于制备本文所述的曼尼希清洁剂反应产物的烷基取代的羟基芳族化合物、醛和胺可以是本领域已知和应用的任何此类化合物，条件是基于曼尼希的清洁剂包括至少一种衍生自二胺或多胺的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂和至少一种衍生自二烷基单胺的第二曼尼希碱清洁剂。
可用于形成曼尼希碱反应产物的代表性烷基取代的羟基芳族化合物为聚丙基苯酚/甲酚(通过用聚丙烯使苯酚/甲酚烷基化形成)、聚丁基苯酚或聚丁基苯酚(通过用聚丁烯和/或聚异丁烯使苯酚/甲酚烷基化形成)，和聚丁基-共-聚丙基苯酚/甲酚(通过用丁烯和/或丁烯和丙烯的共聚物使苯酚/甲酚烷基化形成)。也可使用其它类似长链烷基苯酚。示例包括用丁烯和/或异丁烯和/或丙烯的共聚物烷基化的苯酚/甲酚，以及一种或多种可与其共聚的单烯烃共聚单体(例如，乙烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯等)，其中共聚物分子含有至少50重量％的丁烯和/或异丁烯和/或丙烯单元。与丙烯、丁烯和/或异丁烯聚合的共聚单体可为脂肪族的，并且也可含有非脂肪族基团，例如苯乙烯、邻甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯等。因此，在任何情况下，用于形成烷基取代的羟基芳族化合物的所得聚合物和共聚物基本上为脂肪族烃聚合物。在本文的一个实施方案中，聚丁基苯酚或聚丁基甲酚(通过用聚丁烯使苯酚/甲酚烷基化形成)用于形成曼尼希碱清洁剂。除非本文另外说明，否则术语“聚丁烯”以一般含义使用以包括由“纯的”或“基本上纯的”1-丁烯或异丁烯制成的聚合物，以及由1-丁烯、2-丁烯和异丁烯中的两者或全部三者的混合物制成的聚合物。此类聚合物的商业等级也可含有少量的其他烯烃。通过如例如在美国专利4,152,499和德国公开说明书2904 314中描述的方法形成的具有相对高比例的具有末端亚乙烯基的聚合物分子的所谓高反应性聚丁烯也适合用于形成长链烷基化苯酚/甲酚反应物。
羟基芳族化合物的烷基化通常在烷基化催化剂存在下在约50℃至约200℃范围内的温度处进行。酸性催化剂通常用于促进傅里德-克拉夫茨(Friedel-Crafts)烷基化。用于商业生产的典型催化剂包括硫酸、BF3、酚铝、甲磺酸、阳离子交换树脂、酸性粘土和改性沸石。
在酚类化合物的苯环上的长链烷基取代基衍生自如通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)确定的数均分子量(MW)为约500道尔顿至约3000道尔顿(优选地约500道尔顿至约2100道尔顿)的聚烯烃。也期望使用的聚烯烃的如通过GPC确定的多分散性(重均分子量/数均分子量)在约1至约4(适合地约1至约2)的范围内。
曼尼希清洁剂可由长链烷基苯酚或长链烷基甲酚制备。然而，可以使用其它酚类化合物，包括间苯二酚、对苯二酚、儿茶酚、羟基二苯基、苯甲基酚、苯乙基酚、萘酚、甲苯基萘酚等等的被高分子量烷基取代的衍生物。特别适合于制备曼尼希缩合产物的为聚烷基苯酚和聚烷基甲酚反应物，例如聚丙基苯酚、聚丁基苯酚、聚丙基甲酚、聚异丁基甲酚和聚丁基甲酚，其中烷基基团的数均分子量为约500至约2100，同时最合适的烷基基团为衍生自数均分子量在约800道尔顿至约1300道尔顿范围内的聚丁烯的聚丁基基团。
烷基取代的羟基芳族化合物的构型为对位取代的单烷基苯酚或对位取代的单烷基邻甲酚构型。然而，可使用在曼尼希缩合反应中容易反应的任何烷基苯酚。因此，由仅具有一个环烷基取代基或两个或更多个环烷基取代基的烷基苯酚制备的曼尼希产物适合用于制备本文所描述的曼尼希碱清洁剂。长链烷基取代基可含有一些残余不饱和基团，但通常为基本上饱和的烷基基团。根据本公开的长链烷基苯酚包括甲酚。代表性反应物包括但不限于在分子中具有至少一个适当反应性伯氨基或仲氨基基团的直链、支链或环状亚烷基单胺和二胺或多胺。其它取代基，如羟基、氰基、酰氨基等可存在于胺化合物中。在一个实施方案中，第一曼尼希碱清洁剂衍生自亚烷基二胺或多胺。此类二胺或多胺可包括但不限于多亚乙基多胺，诸如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、六亚乙基七胺、七亚乙基八胺、八亚乙基九胺、九亚乙基十胺、十亚乙基十一胺和具有对应于式H2N-(A-NH--)n H的亚烷基多胺的氮含量的此类胺的混合物，其中A为二价亚乙基，并且n为1至10的整数。亚烷基多胺可通过氨水和二卤烷烃，如二氯烷烃的反应获得。因此，由2摩尔至11摩尔的氨与1摩尔至10摩尔的具有2至6个碳原子和在不同碳原子上的氯的二氯烷烃的反应获得的亚烷基多胺为合适的亚烷基多胺反应物。
在一个实施方案中，第一曼尼希碱清洁剂衍生自在分子中具有一个伯氨基或仲氨基基团和一个叔氨基基团的脂肪族直链、支链或环状二胺或多胺。合适的多胺的示例包括N,N,N",N"-四烷基二亚烷基三胺(两个末端叔氨基基团和一个中心仲氨基基团)、N,N,N",N"-四烷基三亚烷基四胺(一个末端叔氨基基团、两个内部叔氨基基团和一个末端伯氨基基团)、N,N,N,N",N"-五烷基三亚烷基四胺(一个末端叔氨基基团、两个内部叔氨基基团和一个末端仲氨基基团)、N,N-二羟烷基-α,ω-亚烷基二胺(一个末端叔氨基基团和一个末端伯氨基基团)、N,N,N'-三羟烷基-α,ω-亚烷基二胺(一个末端叔氨基基团和一个末端仲氨基基团)、三(二烷氨基烷基)氨基烷基甲烷(三个末端叔氨基基团和一个末端伯氨基基团)和类似的化合物，其中所述烷基基团相同或不同，并且通常各自含有不超过约12个碳原子，并且其适合地各自含有1至4个碳原子。在一个实施方案中，多胺的烷基基团为甲基和/或乙基基团。因此，多胺反应物可选自N,N-二烷基α,ω-亚烷基二胺，诸如在亚烷基基团中具有3至约6个碳原子并且在每个烷基基团中具有1至约12个碳原子的那些。特别有用的多胺为N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺和N-甲基哌嗪。
具有一个可参与曼尼希缩合反应的反应性伯氨基或仲氨基基团和至少一个不能以任何显著程度直接参与曼尼希缩合反应的空间位阻氨基基团的多胺的示例包括N-(叔丁基)-1,3-丙二胺、N-新戊基-1,3-丙二胺、N-(叔丁基)-1-甲基-1,2-乙二胺、N-(叔丁基)-1-甲基-1,3-丙二胺和3,5-二(叔丁基)氨基乙基-1-哌嗪。
第二曼尼希碱清洁剂可衍生自烷基单胺，其包括但不限于二烷基单胺，诸如甲胺、二甲胺、乙胺、二乙胺、丙胺、异丙胺、二丙胺、二异丙胺、丁胺、异丁胺、二丁胺、二异丁胺、戊胺、二戊胺、新戊胺、二新戊胺、己胺、二己胺、庚胺、二庚胺、辛胺、二辛胺、2-乙基己胺、二-2-乙基己胺、壬胺、二壬胺、癸胺、二癸胺、二环己胺等。
用于制备曼尼希碱产物的代表性醛包括脂肪族醛，如甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、戊醛、己醛、庚醛、硬脂醛。可使用的芳族醛包括苯甲醛和水杨醛。用于本发明的说明性杂环醛为糠醛和噻吩醛等。还可用的为产甲醛的试剂，如多聚甲醛，或甲醛水溶液，如福尔马林。特别合适的醛可选自甲醛和福尔马林。
烷基苯酚、特定胺和醛之间的缩合反应可以在约40℃至约200℃范围内的温度处进行。反应可以在块体(无稀释剂或溶剂)中或在溶剂或稀释剂中进行。水逸出并且可在反应过程期间中通过共沸蒸馏去除水。通常，曼尼希反应产物通过使烷基取代的羟基芳族化合物、胺和醛分别以1.0:0.5-2.0:1.0-3.0的摩尔比反应来形成。
用于公开的实施方案中的合适的曼尼希碱清洁剂包括在美国专利4,231,759、5,514,190、5,634,951、5,697,988、5,876,468、6,800,103和10,457,884中教导的那些清洁剂，所述专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
当配制本文所用的燃料组合物时，使用曼尼希碱清洁剂的混合物。曼尼希碱清洁剂的混合物包含重量比为约1:6至约3:1的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与第二曼尼希碱清洁剂。在另一个实施方案中，曼尼希碱清洁剂的混合物包含重量比为约1:4至约2:1，诸如约1:3至约1:1的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与第二曼尼希碱清洁剂。根据本公开的汽油燃料组合物中曼尼希碱清洁剂的总量基于燃料组合物的总重量可以在约10ppmw至约400ppmw的范围内。
本文所述的燃料组合物和/或添加剂包的任选组分是琥珀酰亚胺清洁剂。适合用于本公开的各种实施方案中的琥珀酰亚胺清洁剂当以对于所述目的有效的量添加时可赋予燃料组合物分散剂效果。相对于琥珀酰亚胺与第一曼尼希碱清洁剂或第二曼尼希碱清洁剂一起的性能，观察到燃料组合物中琥珀酰亚胺与混合的曼尼希碱清洁剂的存在导致增强的沉积物形成控制。
琥珀酰亚胺清洁剂例如包括烯基琥珀酰亚胺，其包含通过使烯基琥珀酸酐、酸、酸-酯或低级烷基酯与含有至少一个伯胺基团的胺反应获得的反应产物。
用于本文的合适的琥珀酰亚胺碱清洁剂包括在US2016/0289584中公开的那些，该文献以引用方式并入本文。
当琥珀酰亚胺清洁剂存在于本文的燃料组合物/添加剂包中时，琥珀酰亚胺清洁剂与曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比优选在约0.04:1至约0.2:1的范围内。
在另一个实施方案中，曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物和琥珀酰亚胺清洁剂可以与液体载体或诱导助剂一起使用。此类载体可以为各种类型，例如液体聚-α-烯烃低聚物、矿物油、液体聚(氧基亚烷基)化合物、液体醇或多元醇、聚烯烃、液体酯和类似的液体载体。可以使用两种或更多种此类载体的混合物。用于本文的合适的载体流体包括在US2016/0289584中公开的那些，该文献以引用方式并入本文。
当存在载体流体时，载体流体与曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比优选在约0.25:1至约1:1的范围内。
本文的燃料组合物和/或清洁剂添加剂包还可包含可选自烃基酰胺和烃基酰亚胺的抗磨组分。
在一个实施方案中，烃基酰胺是衍生自二乙醇胺和油酸的烷醇酰胺。在另一个实施方案中，烃基酰亚胺是衍生自聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐和氨的琥珀酰亚胺。在一个实施方案中，烃基酰胺化合物可以是一种或多种脂肪酸烷醇酰胺化合物。
用于本文的合适的抗磨添加剂包括在US2016/0289584中公开的那些，该文献以引用方式并入本文。
季铵内盐
本文的清洁剂添加剂包或燃料组合物包括季铵盐，和优选季铵内盐或甜菜碱化合物。如本文所用，术语“内盐”意指含有相同数量的带正电和带负电的官能团的分子。术语“内盐”可与术语“两性离子”互换使用。如本文所用，术语甜菜碱是不能异构化为全中性形式的两性离子，诸如当正变化位于季铵基团上时。季铵盐添加剂可以是从基本上不含任何游离阴离子物质的胺或多胺中获得的任何烃基取代的季铵内盐(或甜菜碱)。例如，此类添加剂可以通过使具有以下结构的叔胺
其中上述结构的每个R基团独立地选自含有1至200个碳原子的烃基基团，与卤素取代的C2-C8羧酸、酯、酰胺或其盐反应来制备。在方法中，通常要避免的是季铵化剂，其选自由以下组成的组：烃基取代的羧酸酯、碳酸酯、环状碳酸酯、苯酚酯、环氧化物或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中，卤素取代的C2-C8羧酸、酯、酰胺或其盐可选自氯-、溴-、氟-和碘-C2-C8羧酸、酯、酰胺和其盐。盐可以为选自钠、钾、锂、钙和镁盐的碱金属或碱土金属盐。用于所述反应的特别有用的卤素取代的化合物为氯乙酸的钠盐或钾盐。
如本文所使用的术语“基本上不含游离阴离子物质”是指阴离子大部分与产物共价结合，使得所制备的反应产物不含任何大量的游离阴离子或与产物离子结合的阴离子。在一个实施方案中，“基本上不含”意指0重量％至小于约2重量％的游离阴离子物质的范围，小于约1.5重量％、小于约1重量％、小于约0.5重量％或无。
在另一个实施方案中，包括单胺和多胺的叔胺可以与卤素取代的乙酸、酯或其其它衍生物反应以提供本文的季铵内盐添加剂。合适的叔胺化合物是具有上述结构的那些，其中如上所述，每个R基团独立地选自含有1至200个碳原子的烃基基团。每个烃基基团R可以独立地为直链的、支链的、被取代的、环状的、饱和的、不饱和的或含有一个或多个杂原子。合适的烃基可以包括但不限于烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、酰胺基、酯基、酰亚氨基和其类似基团。任何前述烃基还可以含有杂原子，如氧原子或氮原子。特别合适的烃基基团可以为直链或支链烷基基团。在一些实施方案中，叔胺可以为二胺或三胺与一个叔胺和烃基取代的羧酸的反应产物。在其它实施方案中，可以反应以产生本公开化合物的胺反应物的一些代表性示例包括但不限于三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丙胺、二甲基乙胺、二甲基月桂胺、二甲基油胺、二甲基硬脂酰胺、二甲基二十烷基胺、二甲基十八烷基胺、N,N-二甲基丙烷二胺、N-甲基哌啶、N,N'-二甲基哌嗪、N-甲基-N-乙基哌嗪、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、N-羟乙基吗啉、吡啶、三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、月桂基二异丙醇胺、硬脂酰基二乙醇胺、二油基乙醇胺、二甲基异丁醇胺、甲基二异辛醇胺、二甲基丙烯基胺、二甲基丁烯基胺、二甲基辛烯基胺、乙基二十二烯基胺、二丁基二十烯基胺、三乙二胺、六甲四胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-丙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基-1,3-丙二胺、甲基二环己胺、2,6-二甲基吡啶、二甲基环己胺、C10-C30烷基或烯基取代的酰胺基丙基二甲胺、C12-C200-烷基或烯基取代的琥珀酸-羰基-二甲胺等。在实施方案中，合适的季铵内盐添加剂可以是油酰胺丙基二甲氨基或油基二甲胺的内盐。
如果胺仅含有伯氨基或仲氨基基团，则在与卤素取代的C2-C8羧酸、酯、酰胺或其盐反应之前，可能需要将伯氨基或仲氨基基团中的至少一者烷基化为叔氨基基团。在一个实施方案中，伯胺和仲胺或与叔胺的混合物的烷基化可以充分或部分烷基化为叔胺。还可能需要适当考虑氮上的氢并且根据需要提供碱或酸(例如，烷基化直至叔胺需要从烷基化产物中去除(中和)氢(质子))。如果使用烷基化剂，诸如烷基卤化物或硫酸二烷基酯，则伯胺或仲胺的烷基化产物为质子化盐，并且需要碱源来释放胺以用于进一步反应。
用于制备季内盐添加剂的卤素取代的C2-C8羧酸、酯、酰胺或其盐可衍生自选自由以下组成的组的单、二或三氯-、溴-、氟-或碘-羧酸、酯、酰胺或其盐：卤素取代的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丙酸、异丁酸、叔丁酸、戊酸、庚酸、辛酸、卤基甲基苯甲酸和其异构体、酯、酰胺和盐。羧酸盐可以包括碱金属盐或碱土金属盐或铵盐，包括但不限于卤素取代的羧酸的Na,、Li、K、Ca、Mg、三乙基铵和三乙醇铵盐。特别合适的卤素取代的羧酸、酯或其盐可以选自氯乙酸或其酯和氯乙酸钠或氯乙酸钾。相对于叔胺反应物的量，卤素取代的C2-C8羧酸、酯、酰胺或其盐的量可以在约1:0.1至约0.1:1.0的摩尔比范围内。
在另外其它实施方案中，本文混合物的内盐可根据前述程序制备并且可包括但不限于(1)式R"-NMe2CH2COO的烃基取代的化合物，其中R"为C1至C30或取代的酰氨基基团；(2)脂肪酰胺取代的内盐；和(3)烃基取代的酰亚胺、酰胺或酯内盐，其中烃基基团具有8至40个碳原子。特别合适的内盐可选自由以下组成的组：聚异丁烯基取代的琥珀酰亚胺、琥珀酰胺和琥珀酸二酯内盐；C8-C40烯基取代的琥珀酰亚胺、琥珀酰胺和琥珀酸二酯内盐；油酰胺丙基二甲氨基内盐；和油基二甲氨基内盐。
在另一个实施方案中，本文的燃料添加剂和燃料的季铵内盐是具有下式II结构的内盐或甜菜碱化合物：
其中上述结构的R和R'独立地为具有1至10个碳原子(在其它方法中为1至3个碳原子)的亚烷基连接基团；R8为饱和亚烷基、不饱和烯烃，或直链、支链或环状烃基基团或任选取代或未取代的C12-C100烃基基团，或芳基基团或任选取代的芳基基团(在一种方法中，R8为C8-C20烃基基团)；每个R9独立地为直链或支链C1至C4烷基基团；并且R10为氢原子或C1至C4烷基基团。如上所论述，式II的内盐也可以基本上不含游离阴离子物质。
在另一个实施方案中，季铵盐添加剂包括以上式II化合物，其中R为亚丙基连接基团，R'为亚甲基连接基团，R8为C8至C20烃基基团，每个R9为甲基基团，并且R10为氢。在另外其它实施方案中，季铵盐内盐选自油酰胺丙基二甲胺内盐或油基二甲氨基内盐。在一些实施方案中，此类添加剂可基本上不含如上所述的游离阴离子物质。
制备季铵内盐的示例性反应方案在下文反应方案I的示例性过程中示出：当然，也可使用制备本文所述的第一季铵盐添加剂的其它方法：
在上述反应方案中，R8可以如上所述，或者在一种方法中，为烷基基团，诸如C12-C100烃基基团；R和R'独立地为具有1至10个碳原子的亚烷基连接基团；每个R9独立地为烷基基团或直链或支链C1至C4基团；并且R”'为烷基基团或氢。
本文的燃料添加剂包可包含约1重量％至约15重量％的季铵内盐、约1重量％至约10重量％的季铵内盐或约1.5重量％至约5重量％的季铵内盐(基于燃料添加剂中的季铵盐的总活性重量)。当共混到汽油燃料中时，燃料组合物可包含按燃料组合物的重量计约0.1ppmw至约10ppmw的活性季铵内盐、约0.3ppmw至约5ppmw或约1ppmw至约3ppmw的活性季铵内盐。
燃料：
本文的燃料组合物包含主要量的基础燃料。如本文所用，与基础燃料有关的术语‘主要量’优选意指大于50％v/v，更优选大于60％v/v，甚至更优选大于70％v/v，尤其是大于80％v/v的水平。在本文的一个优选实施方案中，基础燃料的‘主要量’意指基于总燃料组合物大于90％v/v，更优选大于95％v/v，甚至更优选大于98％v/v。如果本发明的液体燃料组合物含有汽油基础燃料，则液体燃料组合物是汽油燃料组合物。汽油可以是适用于本领域已知的火花点火(汽油)型内燃机的任何汽油，包括汽车发动机以及其它类型的发动机，例如越野发动机和航空发动机。在本发明的液体燃料组合物中用作基础燃料的汽油也可方便地称为‘基础汽油’。
汽油通常包含沸点在25℃至230℃范围内的烃的混合物。(EN-ISO 3405)，最佳范围和蒸馏曲线通常根据一年的气候和季节而变化。汽油中的烃可以通过本领域已知的任何手段得到，方便地，烃可以以任何已知的方式衍生自直馏汽油、以合成方式生产的芳族烃混合物、热或催化裂化的烃、加氢裂化的石油馏分、催化重整的烃或这些的混合物。
汽油的具体蒸馏曲线、烃组成、研究辛烷值(RON)和马达辛烷值(MON)不是关键的。
方便地，汽油的研究辛烷值(RON)可以为至少80，例如在80至110的范围内，优选汽油的RON将为至少90，例如在90至110的范围内，更优选汽油的RON将为至少91，例如在91至105的范围内，甚至更优选汽油的RON将为至少92，例如在92至103的范围内，甚至更优选汽油的RON将为至少93，例如在93至102的范围内，并且最优选汽油的RON将为至少94，例如在94至100的范围内(EN 25164)；汽油的马达辛烷值(MON)可方便地为至少70，例如在70至110的范围内，优选汽油的MON将为至少75，例如在75至105的范围内，更优选汽油的MON将为至少80，例如在80至100的范围内，最优选汽油的MON将为至少82，例如在82至95的范围内(EN25163)。
通常，汽油包含选自以下组中的一者或多者的组分；饱和烃、烯烃、芳族烃和含氧烃。方便地，汽油可包含饱和烃、烯烃、芳族烃和任选的含氧烃的混合物。
通常，汽油的烯烃含量基于汽油在0体积％至40体积％的范围内(ASTM D1319)；优选地，汽油的烯烃含量基于汽油在0体积％至30体积％的范围内，更优选地，汽油的烯烃含量基于汽油在0体积％至20体积％的范围内。
通常，汽油的芳族烃含量基于汽油在0体积％至70体积％的范围内(ASTM D1319)，例如汽油的芳族烃含量基于汽油在10体积％至60体积％的范围内；优选地，汽油的芳族烃含量基于汽油在0体积％至50体积％的范围内，例如所述汽油的芳族烃含量基于汽油在10体积％至50体积％的范围内。
汽油的苯含量基于汽油为至多10体积％，更优选至多5体积％，尤其是至多1体积％。10055]汽油优选具有低或超低的硫含量，例如至多1000ppmw(重量百万分率)，优选不超过500ppmw，更优选不超过100ppmw，甚至更优选不超过50ppmw以及最优选甚至不超过10ppmw。
汽油还优选具有低的总铅含量，诸如至多0.005g/l，最优选不含铅--不向其中添加铅化合物(即，无铅)。
当汽油包含含氧烃时，非含氧烃的至少一部分将被含氧烃取代。汽油的氧含量基于汽油可以为至多35重量％(EN 1601)(例如，乙醇本身)。例如，汽油的氧含量可以为至多25重量％，优选至多10重量％。方便地，含氧化合物浓度将具有选自0重量％、0.2重量％、0.4重量％、0.6重量％、0.8重量％、1.0重量％和1.2重量％中的任一者的最小浓度，和选自5重量％、4.5重量％、4.0重量％、3.5重量％、3.0重量％和2.7重量％中的任一者的最大浓度。
可掺入到汽油中的含氧烃的示例包括醇、醚、酯、酮、醛、羧酸及其衍生物，以及含氧杂环化合物。优选地，可掺入到汽油中的含氧烃选自醇(诸如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、2-丙醇、丁醇、叔丁醇、异丁醇和2-丁醇)、醚(优选每分子含有5个或更多个碳原子的醚，例如，甲基叔丁基醚和乙基叔丁基醚)和酯(优选每分子含有5个或更多个碳原子的酯)；特别优选的含氧烃是乙醇。
当汽油中存在含氧烃时，汽油中含氧烃的量可以在宽范围内变化。例如，包含主要比例的含氧烃的汽油目前在诸如巴西和美国的国家是可商购获得的，例如乙醇本身和E85，以及包含次要比例的含氧烃的汽油，例如E10和E5。因此，汽油可含有至多100体积％的含氧烃。本文还包括巴西使用的E100燃料。优选地，存在于汽油中的含氧烃的量选自以下量中的一者：至多85体积％；至多70体积％；至多65体积％；至多30体积％；至多20体积％；至多15体积％；以及至多10体积％，这取决于所需的汽油最终配方。方便地，汽油可含有至少0.5体积％、1.0体积％或2.0体积％的含氧烃。
合适的汽油的示例包括烯烃含量为0体积％至20体积％(ASTM D1319)、氧含量为0重量％至5重量％(EN 1601)、芳族烃含量为0体积％至50体积％(ASTM D1319)和苯含量为至多1体积％的汽油。
还适用于本文的是可衍生自生物来源的汽油共混组分。此类汽油共混组分的示例可以在W02009/077606、W02010/028206、W02010/000761、欧洲专利申请09160983.4、09176879.6、09180904.6和美国专利申请序列号61/312,307中找到。
尽管对本发明不是关键的，但本发明的基础汽油或汽油组合物除了上述必需的曼尼希和季铵清洁剂之外还可方便地包含一种或多种任选的燃料添加剂。可包含在用于本发明的基础汽油或汽油组合物中的任选燃料添加剂的浓度和性质不是关键的。可包含在用于本发明的基础汽油或汽油组合物中的合适类型的燃料添加剂的非限制性示例包括抗氧化剂、腐蚀抑制剂、抗磨添加剂或表面改性剂、火焰速度添加剂、清洁剂、消雾剂、抗爆添加剂、金属钝化剂、阀座回退保护剂化合物、染料、溶剂、载体流体、稀释剂和标记物。合适的此类添加剂的示例一般描述在美国专利5,855,629中。
方便地，燃料添加剂可与一种或多种溶剂共混以形成添加剂浓缩物，然后可将添加剂浓缩物与本发明的基础汽油或汽油组合物混合。
存在于本发明的基础汽油或汽油组合物中的任何任选的添加剂的(活性物质)浓度优选为至多1重量％，更优选在5ppmw至2000ppmw的范围内，有利地在300ppmw至1500ppmw，诸如300ppmw至1000ppmw的范围内。
实施例
以下实施例是本公开的示例性实施方案的说明。在这些实施例以及在本申请中的其它地方中，除非另外指示，否则所有比率、份和百分比以重量计。旨在仅出于说明的目的呈现这些实施例，而并不旨在限制本文所公开的本发明的范围。实施例中的基础燃料的规格在下表1中示出。
表1：燃料规格。
实施例1
油酰胺丙基二甲基铵甜菜碱季铵内盐可通过美国专利8,894,726(本发明实施例3)中所述的方法制备，该专利以引用方式并入本文。
实施例2
将两种曼尼希清洁剂和季铵盐以下表2中列出的处理速率共混到表1中所述的基础燃料中。根据已知方法(参见例如US 6,800,103，其以引用方式并入本文)由高反应性聚异丁烯甲酚、二胺和甲醛制备第一曼尼希清洁剂。使用相同的方法但用单胺制备第二曼尼希清洁剂。季铵内盐是来自实施例1的油酰胺丙基二甲基铵。
表2
进行一系列的三次污染/清洁(DU/CU)测试以评估表2的燃料对配备有缸内直接喷射发动机(GDI)的车辆中的燃料喷射器沉积物的影响。所有测试在相应测试的污染(DU)和清洁(CU)阶段期间用来自表1的基础燃料进行。对燃料进行测试以评估每类添加剂、曼尼希清洁剂混合物和季铵盐通过单独地(比较例1和比较例2)和一起(本发明实施例)减少GDI发动机中的喷射器沉积物来改善喷射器性能的能力。
基础燃料以前在台架发动机中进行评估，以确定其弄脏或污染喷射器的倾向。可以使用发动机控制管理(ECM)算法参数(诸如喷射器脉冲宽度或长期燃料修正(LTFT)的变化)来间接测量结垢水平。该评估的测试台是缸内直接喷射GM LHU发动机，符合Smith,S.和Imoehl,W.的"Measurement and Control of Fuel Injector Deposits in DirectInjection Gasoline Vehicles,"SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2616，2013，doi:10.4271/2013-01-2616和/或Shanahan,C.、Smith,S.和/或Sears,B.的“A General Methodfor Fouling Injectors in Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles and the Effectsof Deposits on Vehicle Performance,”SAE Int.J.Fuels Lubr.10(3):2017，doi:10.4271/2017-01-2298中阐述的RIFT方法，该文献以引用方式并入本文。
为了加速基础燃料的DU阶段，将二叔丁基二硫化物(DTBDS 406.1ppmw)和叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP，286ppmw)的组合添加到基础燃料中以在分配给DU阶段的时间内提供5％-12％范围内的结垢。基于喷射器脉冲宽度的GM发动机中的结垢百分比计算如下：
进行一系列的三次GDI CU沉积物测试以证明在污染(DU)阶段期间已经在燃料喷射器中形成的沉积物的去除。将用DTBDS和TBHP处理的表1中的基础燃料用于DU。该基于车辆的测试程序使用安装到底盘测功机上的2008庞蒂亚克Solstice汽车。该程序首先在DuMont,R.等人的“Test and Control of Fuel Injector Deposits in Direct InjectedSpark Ignition Vehicles,”SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2641，2009，doi:10.4271/2009-01-2641中阐述。其由48小时DU循环组成，连续监测LTFT以保持化学计量的空气/燃料比。在DU循环完成后，将燃料换成表2中所述的添加配方中的一者，然后操作48小时CU循环。LTFT在DU循环期间增加的百分比和随后在CU循环期间降低的百分比是用于评估在下表3中列出的处理速率处燃料候选物的结垢或清洁效果的一个参数，其证明对于本发明实施例在48小时内的清洁(CU)为62％。CU按以下等式计算：
表3
如上表3所示，本发明实施例相对于比较例表现出改进的喷射器清洁。在第一曼尼希清洁剂和第二曼尼希清洁剂与季铵盐的组合的情况下，CU％为62％，而两种曼尼希清洁剂单独提供6.2％ GDI CU并且季铵盐提供28.1％。图1是表3中数据的图形表示。图1示出了本发明实施例以及比较例1和比较例2的长期燃料修正(LTFT)。
应注意，除非明确地且肯定地限于一个指示物，否则如本说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用，单数形式“一(a/an)”和“所述(the)”包括多个指示物。因此，例如，提及“抗氧化剂”包括两种或更多种不同抗氧化剂。如本文所用的术语“包括”及其语法变体旨在为非限制性的，以使得列表中的项目的叙述不排除可以被取代或添加到所列项目中的其他类似项目。
对于本说明书和所附权利要求书来说，除非另有说明，否则在说明书和权利要求书中使用的表示数量、百分比或比例的所有数字以及其他数值应理解为在所有情况下都被术语“约”修饰。因此，除非相反地指示，否则以下说明书和所附权利要求书中所阐述的数值参数是可以取决于试图通过本公开获得的所需特性而变化的近似值。最低限度地，并且不试图限制等效物原则应用于权利要求书的范围，至少应根据所报告的有效数字的数目并且通过应用一般四舍五入技术来解释每个数值参数。
应理解，本文所公开的每种组分、化合物、取代基或参数应解释为公开以单独地或与本文所公开的每一种其他组分、化合物、取代基或参数中的一个或多个组合使用。
应另外理解，本文所公开的每个范围应解释为具有相同有效数字数值的在所公开范围内的每个具体值的公开。因此，例如，1到4的范围应解释为值1、2、3和4以及此类值的任何范围的明确公开。
应另外理解，本文所公开的每个范围的每个下限应解释为与本文中针对相同组分、化合物、取代基或参数所公开的每个范围的每个上限和每个范围内的每个具体值组合公开。因此，本公开应解释为通过将每个范围的每个下限与每个范围的每个上限或与每个范围内的每个具体值组合、或通过将每个范围的每个上限与每个范围内的每个具体值组合衍生的所有范围的公开。也就是说，还应另外理解，本文还论述在宽范围内的端点值之间的任何范围。因此，1到4的范围还意指1到3、1到2、2到4、2到3等的范围。
此外，本说明书或实施例中所公开的组分、化合物、取代基或参数的特定量/值应解释为一定范围的下限或上限的公开，并且因此可以与针对本公开中其他地方所公开的相同组分、化合物、取代基或参数的范围的任何其他下限或上限或特定量/值组合，以形成那种组分、化合物、取代基或参数的范围。
Claims (15)
1.一种汽油燃料添加剂包，所述汽油燃料添加剂包包含：
(i)季铵内盐清洁剂和(ii)曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物，
其中所述季铵内盐从基本上不含任何游离阴离子物质的胺或多胺中获得，
其中所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物包含(a)衍生自二胺或多胺的第一曼尼希碱清洁剂组分和(b)衍生自单胺的第二曼尼希碱清洁剂组分，其中所述第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与所述第二曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:6至约3:1的范围内，并且
其中所述季铵内盐清洁剂和所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物的重量比在约1:10至约1:100的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述第一曼尼希碱清洁剂与所述第二曼尼希碱清洁剂的重量比在约1:1至约1:3的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述第一曼尼希碱清洁剂和所述第二曼尼希碱清洁剂衍生自聚异丁烯基取代的羟基芳族，并且其中所述聚异丁烯基基团具有如通过凝胶渗透色谱法确定的500道尔顿至1000道尔顿范围内的分子量。
4.根据权利要求3所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述聚异丁烯基取代的羟基芳族是聚异丁烯基取代的苯酚或甲酚。
5.根据权利要求4所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述聚异丁烯基取代的羟基芳族是聚异丁烯基取代的甲酚。
6.根据权利要求1所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述季铵内盐具有式II的结构
其中R和R'独立地为具有1至10个碳原子的亚烷基连接基团；
R8为C12至C100亚烷基、烯烃或烃基基团或芳基基团或任选取代的芳基基团；每个R9独立地为直链或支链C1至C4烷基基团；并且R10为氢原子或C1至C4烷基基团。
7.根据权利要求5所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述季铵内盐具有式II的结构
其中R和R'独立地为具有1至10个碳原子的亚烷基连接基团；
R8为C12至C100亚烷基、烯烃或烃基基团或芳基基团或任选取代的芳基基团；每个R9独立地为直链或支链C1至C4烷基基团；并且
R10为氢原子或C1至C4烷基基团。
8.根据权利要求1所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述包还包含溶剂，并且所述季铵内盐清洁剂(i)和所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物(ii)占所述包的5重量％-90重量％。
9.根据权利要求7所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述包还包含溶剂，并且所述季铵内盐清洁剂(i)和所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物(ii)占所述包的5重量％-90重量％。
10.根据权利要求1所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述包还包含破乳剂、腐蚀抑制剂、抗磨添加剂、抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、抗静电添加剂、消雾剂、抗爆添加剂、润滑性添加剂和助燃剂中的一者或多者。
11.根据权利要求7所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述包还包含破乳剂、腐蚀抑制剂、抗磨添加剂、抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、抗静电添加剂、消雾剂、抗爆添加剂、润滑性添加剂、聚醚一元醇或聚醚多元醇载体流体和助燃剂中的一者或多者。
12.根据权利要求11所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述包还包含溶剂，并且所述季铵内盐清洁剂(i)和所述曼尼希碱清洁剂混合物(ii)占所述包的5重量％-90重量％。
13.根据权利要求1所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述第一曼尼希碱清洁剂组分(a)衍生自N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺并且所述第二曼尼希碱清洁剂组分(b)衍生自二烷基单胺。
14.根据权利要求1所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述包还包含聚醚一元醇或聚醚多元醇载体流体。
15.根据权利要求7所述的汽油燃料添加剂包，其中所述包还包含聚醚一元醇或聚醚多元醇载体流体。
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-
2022
- 2022-09-30 US US17/937,069 patent/US12134742B2/en active Active
-
2023
- 2023-09-21 EP EP23198788.4A patent/EP4345152A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-27 CA CA3214452A patent/CA3214452A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-27 KR KR1020230130244A patent/KR20240046073A/ko unknown
- 2023-09-29 MX MX2023011611A patent/MX2023011611A/es unknown
- 2023-10-07 CN CN202311285713.2A patent/CN117801850A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| US20240132791A1 (en) | 2024-04-25 |
| MX2023011611A (es) | 2024-04-01 |
| US12134742B2 (en) | 2024-11-05 |
| CA3214452A1 (en) | 2024-03-30 |
| KR20240046073A (ko) | 2024-04-08 |
| EP4345152A1 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
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