CN117700891B - 耐辐射抗拉拖令电缆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐辐射抗拉拖令电缆。由多根平行线缆和外部包覆的扁平保护套构成。其中保护套由三元乙丙橡胶、氯化聚乙烯、炭黑、白炭黑、助剂、防老剂、石蜡、氧化锌、交联敏化剂、硫磺以用量之比为70g:20g:40g:20g:6‑10g:4g:1g:5g:7g:0.5g制得。通过同时对炭黑和白炭黑进行表面改性,显著增强了电缆的耐候性、耐老化性、耐磨性和抗拉抗撕裂性能。制得的助剂能与基体橡胶分子链交联,提升相容性;此外,助剂还能提升电缆的阻燃性、耐光辐射性。因此,制得电缆具有稳定高效的耐辐射性、耐老化性、耐磨性、抗拉抗撕裂性和一定程度的阻燃性能,充分满足核电站拖令电缆的使用需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电缆技术领域,具体地,涉及一种耐辐射抗拉拖令电缆。
背景技术
拖令电缆(festooncable)最初设计用于拖令系统的输电、信号传输,从而控制起重机、提升机或任何侧横向运动的设备,给这些设备供电和传输信号指令。为什么叫拖令,可以理解为动力拖动(电力)和传输(运动等)控制指令。常见的拖令线缆分为圆电缆和扁电缆,其中拖令扁电缆在动力电力传输和控制信号的传递中具有很大的作用,适用于起重、长行程物料输送加工设备的拖令系统。因此,对拖令电缆在抗拉、抗撕裂、耐磨等机械性能方面有着很大的要求。
近年来,国内核电快速发展而引起配套电线电缆行业极大的关注,核电站电缆需要拥有较好的耐辐射能力,以确保核电站的运行稳定性,这就限制了普通拖令电缆的使用。普通拖令电缆的绝缘和护套材料一般为聚氯乙烯、交联聚烯烃等,这些材料在耐辐射性能较差,在辐照下会迅速老化导致电缆出现故障,对核电站的安全运行带来很大风险。不仅如此,拖令电缆常在室外使用,需要长期暴露在太阳光下,这就对拖令电缆的耐光辐射有严格的要求。
乙丙橡胶是以乙烯、丙烯为主要单体的合成橡胶,依据分子链中单体组成的不同,有二元乙丙橡胶(EPM)和三元乙丙橡胶之分(EPDM)。其中,三元乙丙橡胶是乙烯、丙烯以及非共轭二烯烃的三元共聚物,分子链结构特点是分子链基本不含不饱和键,取代基空间位阻小,分子链柔性好,是一种饱和非结晶性橡胶。这样的分子结构决定了EPDM具有良好的力学性能、耐候性、耐辐射性、抗腐蚀性及耐臭氧性,因其出色的性能在核电站领域有广泛的应用。但三元乙丙橡胶作为拖令电缆使用时,其耐磨性、耐油性和阻燃性不足,另外硫化时间过长的问题也需要进行改善,以满足核电站拖令电缆的使用需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷,提供了一种耐辐射抗拉拖令电缆。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种耐辐射抗拉拖令电缆由多根平行线缆和外部包覆的扁平保护套构成。
进一步地,线缆由导体和外部包裹的绝缘层构成。
进一步地,导体为铜导体。
进一步地,绝缘层为云母带。
进一步地,保护套材料通过以下步骤制得:
将三元乙丙橡胶、氯化聚乙烯加入到密炼机中温度100℃,混炼2min后加入炭黑和部分助剂,混炼2min,加入白炭黑和剩余助剂,再混炼2min后加入防老剂和石蜡,在150℃下热处理5min,排胶得到胶料,将胶料在开炼机上薄通包辊后,依次加入氧化锌和交联敏化剂、硫磺开炼,开炼完成,得到混炼胶,将混炼胶进行辐照硫化,得到保护套材料。
进一步地,防老剂为防老剂4010NA和防老剂2246按质量之比1:1复配制得。
进一步地,交联敏化剂为三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯中的一种。
进一步地,三元乙丙橡胶、氯化聚乙烯、炭黑、白炭黑、助剂、防老剂、石蜡、氧化锌、交联敏化剂、硫磺的用量之比为70g:20g:40g:20g:6-10g:4g:1g:5g:7g:0.5g。
氯化聚乙烯与三元乙丙橡胶有较好的相容性,且二者的硫化性质相似,氯化聚乙烯的加入,能有效改善三元乙丙橡胶的耐油性,并能进一步增强保护套材料的耐候性和耐老化性;炭黑、白炭黑和氧化锌共用,作为三元乙丙橡胶补强填充,显著提升保护套材料的耐磨性能和力学强度;防老剂为胺类防老剂和酚类防老剂复配得到,二者可以起到协同作用,有效的增强了保护套材料的耐老化性能;在交联敏化剂的作用下,采用辐照硫化发,制得的保护套材料耐老化性能更佳。
进一步地,助剂通过以下步骤制得:
S1、在装有搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中加入三聚氰胺和吡啶,加热至45℃并不断搅拌,直至三聚氰胺完全溶解;通入氮气,加入巯基乙酸和DCC(二环己基碳二亚胺,脱水剂)混合搅拌均匀,升温至60℃,保温反应50min,反应结束后,过滤,减压蒸馏去除溶剂,真空干燥,得到中间体1;三聚氰胺、吡啶、巯基乙酸、DCC的用量之比为15.3g:100mL:9.2g:20.6g;
巯基乙酸的羧基与三聚氰胺的氨基,发生酰胺化反应,在脱水剂的帮助下,较温和的条件下就能反应,通过控制二者的摩尔比接近1:1且三聚氰胺略微过量,使三聚氰胺上只有一个氨基参与到反应,得到中间体1;具体反应过程如下所示:
S2、在装有搅拌装置三口烧瓶中加入五甲基哌啶醇和甲苯充分搅拌混合均匀后,加入苯膦酰二氯、二丁基氧化锡(催化剂)和三乙胺混合搅拌均匀,在65℃下反应2h,反应完成,过滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,旋蒸除去溶剂,再通过柱层析提纯(洗脱液采用氯仿/苯的混合溶剂,二者的体积比为5:3),旋蒸除去洗脱液,得到中间体2;五甲基哌啶醇、甲苯、苯膦酰二氯、二丁基氧化锡、三乙胺的用量之比为17.2g:70mL:22.4g:0.2g:20mL;
在二丁基氧化锡的催化下,苯膦酰二氯与五甲基哌啶醇发生酯化反应,通过控制二者的摩尔比接近1:1且苯膦酰二氯略微过量,使苯膦酰二氯上只有一个-Cl参与到反应,三乙胺除去反应生成的氯化氢,得到中间体2;具体反应过程如下所示:
S3、室温,氮气保护下在装有搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中将中间体1、中间体2、甲苯和三乙胺混合搅拌均匀,控制反应温度为70℃,反应2h,反应完成,过滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压蒸馏去除部分溶剂,再通过柱层析提纯(洗脱液采用苯/甲醇的混合溶剂,二者的体积比为2:7),旋蒸除去洗脱液,真空干燥,得到中间体3;中间体1、中间体2、甲苯、三乙胺的用量之比为23.1g:32.9g:100mL:20mL;
中间体1和中间体2发生亲核取代,通过控制二者的摩尔比接近1:1且中间体1略微过量,使中间体1上只有一个氨基参与到反应,得到中间体3;三乙胺除去反应生成的氯化氢,得到中间体3;具体反应过程如下所示:
S4、将三乙氧基硅烷封端聚丁二烯(TTPB)和中间体3分别溶解在乙酸乙酯和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,搅拌均匀后加入三口烧瓶中充分混合,控制反应温度为80℃,搅拌反应3h,反应结束,使用无水乙醇清洗溶液,使产物析出,再用无水乙醇反复清洗三次析出物,真空干燥,得到助剂;TTPB、中间体3、乙酸乙酯、DMF的用量之比为10g:15g:50mL:75mL;
通过巯基-烯点击反应将中间体3接枝在TTPB上,得到助剂;具体反应过程如下所示:
制得的助剂以TTPB为基体,接枝改性分子链,助剂中的氨基和硅烷氧基能与炭黑表面的含氧官能团发生反应,不仅如此硅烷氧基还能与白炭黑发生反应,接枝在炭黑和白炭黑表面,助剂的加入能同时改善炭黑和白炭黑与基体橡胶的界面相容性,减轻了白炭黑的团聚现象,显著提升了基体橡胶的耐磨性、耐老化性和力学强度;另外,助剂接枝在无机物表面难以渗出和迁移,保证各项性能的持久性;此外,助剂中还含有P-N阻燃成分、受阻胺结构、聚丁二烯段,其中P-N阻燃成分是一种优秀的无卤阻燃成分,具备磷系和氮系阻燃剂的协同阻燃效果,能够赋予基体橡胶环保且高效的阻燃性能;受阻胺起到光稳定剂的作用,在光防护中会分解二氧化氢产生稳定的氮氧自由基,这种化合物能非常有效地捕获光氧化降解中所产生的自由基,能提升基体橡胶的耐光辐射性能;最后,聚丁二烯段可以与基体橡胶分子链交联,在填料与橡胶间形成化学界面,接枝在填料表面的助剂在填料与橡胶间形成很好隔离改性结构,降低炭黑之间的相互作用,提升相容性。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明通过同时对炭黑和白炭黑进行表面改性,与传统未经表面改性的填料相比,提升了炭黑和白炭黑与基体橡胶之间的相容性,显著增强了电缆的耐候性、耐老化性、耐磨性和抗拉抗撕裂性能。
2、通过将三元乙丙橡胶与氯化聚乙烯共硫化,进一步提升了电缆的耐候性,改善了电缆的耐油性。
3、采用辐射硫化法,与传统化学硫化相比,更快捷、节能、环境污染小;并且辐射硫化时交联键是C-C键,比化学硫化产生的C-S键柔顺性好和耐老化性能更好。
4、制得的助剂接枝在填料表面不易迁移和渗出,还能与基体橡胶分子链交联,提升相容性;此外,助剂还能提升电缆的阻燃性、耐光辐射性。
因此,制得电缆具有稳定高效的耐辐射性、耐老化性、耐磨性、抗拉抗撕裂性和一定程度的阻燃性能,充分满足核电站拖令电缆的使用需求。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
制备助剂:
S1、在装有搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中加入15.3g三聚氰胺和100mL吡啶,加热至45℃并不断搅拌,直至三聚氰胺完全溶解;通入氮气,加入9.2g巯基乙酸和20.6g的DCC混合搅拌均匀,升温至60℃,保温反应50min,反应结束后,过滤,减压蒸馏去除溶剂,真空干燥,得到中间体1;
S2、在装有搅拌装置三口烧瓶中加入17.2g五甲基哌啶醇和70mL甲苯充分搅拌混合均匀后,加入22.4g苯膦酰二氯、0.2g二丁基氧化锡和20mL三乙胺混合搅拌均匀,在65℃下反应2h,反应完成,过滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,旋蒸除去溶剂,再通过柱层析提纯(洗脱液采用氯仿/苯的混合溶剂,二者的体积比为5:3),旋蒸除去洗脱液,得到中间体2;
S3、室温,氮气保护下在装有搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中将23.1g中间体1、32.9g中间体2、100mL甲苯和20mL三乙胺混合搅拌均匀,控制反应温度为70℃,反应2h,反应完成,过滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压蒸馏去除部分溶剂,再通过柱层析提纯(洗脱液采用苯/甲醇的混合溶剂,二者的体积比为2:7),旋蒸除去洗脱液,真空干燥,得到中间体3;
S4、将10g的TTPB和15g中间体3分别溶解在50mL乙酸乙酯和75mL的DMF中,搅拌均匀后加入三口烧瓶中充分混合,控制反应温度为80℃,搅拌反应3h,反应结束,使用无水乙醇清洗溶液,使产物析出,再用无水乙醇反复清洗三次析出物,真空干燥,得到助剂。
实施例2
S1、在装有搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中加入30.6g三聚氰胺和200mL吡啶,加热至45℃并不断搅拌,直至三聚氰胺完全溶解;通入氮气,加入18.4g巯基乙酸和41.2g的DCC混合搅拌均匀,升温至60℃,保温反应50min,反应结束后,过滤,减压蒸馏去除溶剂,真空干燥,得到中间体1;
S2、在装有搅拌装置三口烧瓶中加入34.4g五甲基哌啶醇和140mL甲苯充分搅拌混合均匀后,加入44.8g苯膦酰二氯、0.4g二丁基氧化锡和40mL三乙胺混合搅拌均匀,在65℃下反应2h,反应完成,过滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,旋蒸除去溶剂,再通过柱层析提纯(洗脱液采用氯仿/苯的混合溶剂,二者的体积比为5:3),旋蒸除去洗脱液,得到中间体2;
S3、室温,氮气保护下在装有搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中将46.2g中间体1、65.8g中间体2、200mL甲苯和40mL三乙胺混合搅拌均匀,控制反应温度为70℃,反应2h,反应完成,过滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压蒸馏去除部分溶剂,再通过柱层析提纯(洗脱液采用苯/甲醇的混合溶剂,二者的体积比为2:7),旋蒸除去洗脱液,真空干燥,得到中间体3;
S4、将20g的TTPB和30g中间体3分别溶解在100mL乙酸乙酯和150mL的DMF中,搅拌均匀后加入三口烧瓶中充分混合,控制反应温度为80℃,搅拌反应3h,反应结束,使用无水乙醇清洗溶液,使产物析出,再用无水乙醇反复清洗三次析出物,真空干燥,得到助剂。
实施例1-2使用的TTPB为德国Evonik生产。
实施例3
将70g三元乙丙橡胶、20g氯化聚乙烯加入到密炼机中温度100℃,混炼2min后加入40g炭黑和3g由实施例1制得的助剂,混炼2min,加入20g白炭黑和3g由实施例1制得的助剂,再混炼2min后加入2g防老剂4010NA、2g防老剂2246和1g石蜡,在150℃下热处理5min,排胶得到胶料,将胶料在开炼机上薄通包辊后,依次加入5g氧化锌和7g三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、0.5g硫磺开炼,开炼完成,得到混炼胶,将混炼胶进行辐照硫化,得到保护套材料。
实施例4
将70g三元乙丙橡胶、20g氯化聚乙烯加入到密炼机中温度100℃,混炼2min后加入40g炭黑和4g由实施例2制得的助剂,混炼2min,加入20g白炭黑和4g由实施例2制得的助剂,再混炼2min后加入2g防老剂4010NA、2g防老剂2246和1g石蜡,在150℃下热处理5min,排胶得到胶料,将胶料在开炼机上薄通包辊后,依次加入5g氧化锌和7g三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、0.5g硫磺开炼,开炼完成,得到混炼胶,将混炼胶进行辐照硫化,得到保护套材料。
实施例5
将70g三元乙丙橡胶、20g氯化聚乙烯加入到密炼机中温度100℃,混炼2min后加入40g炭黑和5g由实施例2制得的助剂,混炼2min,加入20g白炭黑和5g由实施例2制得的助剂,再混炼2min后加入2g防老剂4010NA、2g防老剂2246和1g石蜡,在150℃下热处理5min,排胶得到胶料,将胶料在开炼机上薄通包辊后,依次加入5g氧化锌和7g三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、0.5g硫磺开炼,开炼完成,得到混炼胶,将混炼胶进行辐照硫化,得到保护套材料。
实施例6
在铜导体外部包裹云母带绝缘层,形成线缆,平行排布,再于线缆外部包覆实施例3制得的保护套材料,使保护套材料形成扁平保护套,得到耐高温钢包车专用移动扁电缆。
对比例1
不加助剂,其余步骤与实施例5相同。
对比例2
使用市售的由中和化学(山东)有限公司生产的三元乙丙橡胶EPDM3745P型号的耐臭氧耐候电缆护套料。
将实施例3-5、对比例1-2的保护套材料根据不同的测试标准,制成相应的待测形状,进行如下的性能测试:
采用国家标准GB/T 25262《硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶磨耗试验指南》测定磨耗体积;
采用国家标准GB/T 10707《橡胶燃烧性能的测定》测定氧指数;
采用国家标准GB/T 528《硫化橡胶和热塑性橡胶拉伸性能的测定》测定扯断强度和扯断伸长率;
采用国家标准GB/T 16585《硫化橡胶人工气候老化(荧光紫外灯)试验方法》测定耐光辐射性能;
采用国家标准GB/T 3512《硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶热空气加速老化和耐热试验》测定抗老化性能;
使用60Co-γ射线辐照剂量(390kGy/80℃)辐照30min后弯曲试样检查有无开裂;
测得结果如下表所示:
由上表可知,实施例3-5制得的保护套材料各项性能都优于市售的三乙丙烯橡胶,且随着助剂的用量不断增加,电缆保护套材料的耐辐射性、耐老化性、耐磨性、抗拉性和阻燃性能都随之增强,由该保护套材料制成的电缆充分满足核电站拖令电缆的使用需求。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.耐辐射抗拉拖令电缆,由多根平行线缆和外部包覆的扁平保护套构成,其特征在于,所述保护套材料通过以下步骤制得:
将三元乙丙橡胶、氯化聚乙烯加入到密炼机中温度100℃,混炼2min后加入炭黑和部分助剂,混炼2min,加入白炭黑和剩余助剂,再混炼2min后加入防老剂和石蜡,150℃下热处理5min,排胶得到胶料,将胶料在开炼机上薄通包辊后,依次加入氧化锌和交联敏化剂、硫磺开炼,得到混炼胶,将混炼胶进行辐照硫化,得到保护套材料;
其中,所述助剂通过以下步骤制得:
S1、在三口烧瓶中加入三聚氰胺和吡啶,加热至45℃并搅拌,至三聚氰胺完全溶解;通入氮气,加入巯基乙酸和DCC混合搅拌均匀,升温至60℃,保温反应50min,过滤,减压蒸馏,真空干燥,得到中间体1;三聚氰胺、吡啶、巯基乙酸、DCC的用量之比为15.3g:100mL:9.2g:20.6g;
S2、在三口烧瓶中加入五甲基哌啶醇和甲苯充分搅拌混合均匀后,加入苯膦酰二氯、二丁基氧化锡和三乙胺混合搅拌均匀,在65℃下反应2h,过滤,旋蒸,柱层析提纯,旋蒸,得到中间体2;五甲基哌啶醇、甲苯、苯膦酰二氯、二丁基氧化锡、三乙胺的用量之比为17.2g:70mL:22.4g:0.2g:20mL;
S3、室温,氮气保护下在三口烧瓶中将中间体1、中间体2、甲苯和三乙胺混合搅拌均匀,70℃下反应2h,过滤,减压蒸馏,柱层析提纯,旋蒸,真空干燥,得到中间体3;中间体1、中间体2、甲苯、三乙胺的用量之比为23.1g:32.9g:100mL:20mL;
S4、将三乙氧基硅烷封端聚丁二烯和中间体3分别溶解在乙酸乙酯和DMF中,搅拌均匀后加入三口烧瓶中充分混合,控制反应温度为80℃,搅拌反应3h,使用无水乙醇清洗溶液,产物析出,无水乙醇清洗三次,真空干燥,得到助剂;三乙氧基硅烷封端聚丁二烯、中间体3、乙酸乙酯、DMF的用量之比为10g:15g:50mL:75mL。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐辐射抗拉拖令电缆,其特征在于,防老剂为防老剂4010NA和防老剂2246按质量之比1:1复配制得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐辐射抗拉拖令电缆,其特征在于,交联敏化剂为三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐辐射抗拉拖令电缆,其特征在于,三元乙丙橡胶、氯化聚乙烯、炭黑、白炭黑、助剂、防老剂、石蜡、氧化锌、交联敏化剂、硫磺的用量之比为70g:20g:40g:20g:6-10g:4g:1g:5g:7g:0.5g。
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