CN117606651B - Touch sensor and contact site identification method - Google Patents
Touch sensor and contact site identification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117606651B CN117606651B CN202311572097.9A CN202311572097A CN117606651B CN 117606651 B CN117606651 B CN 117606651B CN 202311572097 A CN202311572097 A CN 202311572097A CN 117606651 B CN117606651 B CN 117606651B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
- G01L9/08—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of piezoelectric devices, i.e. electric circuits therefor
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- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tactile sensors, and discloses a tactile sensor and a contact point identification method, which are used for identifying contact points and comprise the following steps: the piezoelectric ceramic comprises a packaging layer, an electrode layer, a functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer, an insulating layer and a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer; the two pairs of electrode layers respectively cover the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer and the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer, and respectively conduct charges generated when the two layers are stressed to a signal processing system; the signal processing system connected with the electrode layer extracts the harmonic wave of specific frequency in the voltage signal output by the signal processing system and obtains the voltage amplitude; and (3) comparing the voltage signal amplitude output by the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer with the voltage signal amplitude output by the uniform composite material layer, deducing the mass fraction of the material corresponding to the output voltage of the gradient layer according to the ratio, and accordingly obtaining the action position of the contact force on the sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tactile sensors, in particular to a tactile sensor and a contact site identification method.
Background
With the rapid development of wearable electronics, force sensors such as tactile sensors based on composite materials have received great attention. These sensors play a vital role in a variety of advanced applications such as human-machine interfaces, health monitoring systems, and artificial electronic skin. In particular, the tactile sensor not only mimics human skin receptors, but also expands its research scope to a nerve transmission system. Piezoelectric sensors based on the principle of piezoelectric effect have the characteristics of self-power supply and sensitivity to mechanical deformation and become a hot spot for many scholars to study.
Conventional sensors using a uniform composite material require pairs of electrodes to be prepared at each location in order to determine the touch location of the force, which means that array electrodes are required, such sensors having a complex structure. In contrast, the functionally graded composite sensor changes the mass fraction of the material at different sites, so that voltage outputs with different magnitudes are generated when external force touches different sites, thereby judging the contact sites and greatly simplifying the complex array electrode structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a tactile sensor based on a functionally graded piezoelectric composite material, which can simplify the circuit based on determining the touch position, and avoid the sensor structure from being too complex.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a touch sensor based on a functionally graded piezoelectric composite material comprises a packaging layer, an electrode layer, a functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer, an insulating layer and a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer;
The packaging layer comprises an upper packaging layer and a lower packaging layer;
The electrode layer is composed of two pairs of electrodes, respectively covers the functionally gradient piezoelectric composite material layer and the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer, and respectively conducts charges generated when the two layers are stressed to a signal processing system, and comprises: the piezoelectric composite material comprises a functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer upper electrode, a functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer lower electrode, a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer upper electrode and a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer lower electrode;
A lower electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is arranged on the lower packaging layer; a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is arranged on the lower electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer; the upper electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is arranged on the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer; an insulating layer is arranged on the upper electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer; the insulating layer is provided with a lower electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer; the lower electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer; the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with an upper electrode; an upper packaging layer is arranged on the upper electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer;
The lower electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a convex wiring contact of the lower electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer;
the upper electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a convex upper electrode wiring contact;
the lower electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a convex wiring contact of the lower electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer;
The upper electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a convex upper electrode wiring contact.
The insulating layer is positioned at the middle part of the sensor and is used for isolating the two pairs of electrodes; the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer is positioned at the upper part of the insulating layer and is composed of composite piezoelectric materials with mass fraction gradient change, and mechanical signals acting on different sites of the sensor are converted into voltage signals with different sizes; the uniform composite material layer is positioned at the lower part of the insulating layer, and the material is a piezoelectric composite material with single mass fraction, and is used for converting a contact force signal acting on the sensor into a voltage signal for evaluating the contact force; the packaging layer covers the surface of the sensor, and insulates and protects the sensor from external interference; the signal processing system is connected with the electrode layer and is used for extracting the harmonic wave of specific frequency in the voltage signal and obtaining the voltage amplitude; and (3) comparing the voltage signal amplitude output by the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer with the voltage signal amplitude output by the uniform composite material layer, deducing the mass fraction of the material corresponding to the output voltage of the gradient layer according to the ratio, and accordingly obtaining the action position of the contact force on the sensor.
The electrode layer comprises two pairs of electrodes, the two pairs of electrodes comprise an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are arranged in parallel, and the two pairs of electrodes respectively cover the upper surface and the lower surface of the functionally gradient piezoelectric composite material and the upper surface and the lower surface of the uniformly piezoelectric composite material; the two pairs of electrodes are all thin layers made of conductive metal, and terminal contacts are arranged at the bottom corners of the electrodes.
Preferably, the upper electrode wiring contact of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite layer, the lower electrode wiring contact of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite layer, the upper electrode wiring contact of the uniform piezoelectric composite layer and the lower electrode wiring contact of the uniform piezoelectric composite layer all protrude out of each layer.
Preferably, the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is formed by composite materials formed by mixing a polymer matrix and piezoelectric ceramics according to different proportions, wherein the piezoelectric ceramics with different mass fractions are adopted to form the functionally graded distribution of the materials in two directions of a horizontal plane, and each mass fraction material adopts a square shape.
Preferably, the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer adopts a square shape by adopting a piezoelectric composite material with single mass fraction, and the size is the same as the total size of the functionally gradient piezoelectric composite material layer.
Preferably, the signal processing system connected with the electrode layer performs signal collection, signal processing and contact point position judgment on the electric signal output by the electrode layer.
Preferably, the insulating layer is made of flexible insulating materials, and the shape and the size of the insulating layer are the same as those of the electrode layer.
The other object of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying a contact point, wherein when the touch sensor is touched by an external force, the magnitude of a voltage signal generated by the functionally graded piezoelectric composite layer is U 1, the magnitude of a voltage signal generated by the uniformly graded piezoelectric composite layer is U 2, and the identification factor c is defined as follows:
Before the sensor is used, calibrating the recognition factors of different sites, respectively touching all recognition sites of the functional gradient composite material, and when the ith site is touched, the voltage signal amplitude values output by the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer and the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer are respectively U 1i and U 2i, and calculating the recognition factors c i calibrated at all positions is respectively:
The recognition of the contact recognition site can be realized by comparing the recognition factor c obtained by the signal processing module under the external force touch during use with the calibrated recognition factor c i.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a touch sensor based on a functionally graded piezoelectric composite material and a contact site identification method, wherein the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer and a uniform composite material layer can generate charges with different electric quantities, and the charges are generated based on a piezoelectric effect principle. When a certain position of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite layer and the uniform composite layer is deformed under the action of external force, the two layers can generate electric charges with different sizes, and the functional charges are conducted to the signal processing system through the electrode layer. The stress of the sensor is calibrated through the output voltage of the uniform composite material layer, and the amplitude values of the voltages output by the two layers are compared, so that the contact point position of the contact force on the sensor is judged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sensor assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a sensor assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a functional gradient set of functionally graded piezoelectric composite layers provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
The high-voltage power source comprises a 1-packaging layer, a 11-upper packaging layer, a 12-lower packaging layer, a 211-upper electrode of a functional gradient piezoelectric composite layer, a 212-upper electrode wiring contact of the functional gradient piezoelectric composite layer, a 213-lower electrode of the functional gradient piezoelectric composite layer, a 214-lower electrode wiring contact of the functional gradient piezoelectric composite layer, a 221-upper electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite layer, a 222-upper electrode wiring contact of the uniform piezoelectric composite layer, a 223-lower electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite layer, a 224-lower electrode wiring contact of the uniform piezoelectric composite layer, a 3-functional gradient piezoelectric composite layer, a 4-insulating layer and a 5-uniform piezoelectric composite layer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides a touch sensor based on a functionally graded piezoelectric composite material. The structure of the piezoelectric composite material is shown in fig. 1-2, and the piezoelectric composite material comprises an encapsulation layer 1, an electrode layer, a functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer 3, an insulating layer 4 and a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer 5, wherein the encapsulation layer 1 comprises an upper encapsulation layer 11 and a lower encapsulation layer 12, the electrode layer comprises a functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer upper electrode 211, a functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer upper electrode wiring contact 212, a functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer lower electrode 213, a functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer lower electrode wiring contact 214, a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer upper electrode 221, a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer upper electrode wiring contact 222, a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer lower electrode 223 and a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer lower electrode wiring contact 224, and the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer 3 and the uniform composite material layer 5 are both formed by compounding piezoelectric ceramics and a polymer matrix, so that a piezoelectric effect is generated due to deformation when an external force acts.
As shown in fig. 3, the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer 3 is a functionally graded group of piezoelectric composite materials in which the mass fraction of the piezoelectric ceramic material changes in a graded manner in a plane.
As shown in fig. 1, the electrode layer material is preferably a metal conductive material, and is formed by electrode groups with the same size and the upper and lower electrodes parallel to each other, and the electrode groups are respectively a functionally gradient piezoelectric composite layer upper electrode 211 and a functionally gradient piezoelectric composite layer upper electrode wiring contact 212 which are covered on the upper surface of the functionally gradient piezoelectric composite layer 3, a functionally gradient piezoelectric composite layer lower electrode 213 and a functionally gradient piezoelectric composite layer lower electrode wiring contact 214 which are covered on the lower surface of the functionally gradient piezoelectric composite layer 3, a uniformly piezoelectric composite layer upper electrode 221 and a uniformly piezoelectric composite layer upper electrode wiring contact 222 which are covered on the upper surface of the uniformly piezoelectric composite layer 5, and a uniformly piezoelectric composite layer lower electrode 223 and a uniformly piezoelectric composite layer lower electrode wiring contact 224 which are covered on the lower surface of the uniformly piezoelectric composite layer 5. The wiring contact is used for connecting a circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, the encapsulation layer 1 includes an upper encapsulation layer 11 and a lower encapsulation layer 12, covers the surface of the sensor, is made of a flexible transparent encapsulation material, and is used for insulating and protecting the sensor from external interference.
As shown in fig. 1, the insulating layer 4 is located at the middle part of the sensor and is made of flexible insulating material for isolating the two pairs of electrodes.
The operating principle and implementation method of the touch sensor of the example are as follows:
The external contact force acts on a certain point of the sensor, the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer 3 and the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer 5 deform under the action of the external force, wherein different charges are generated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer 3 and are respectively transmitted to a signal processing system through the upper electrode wiring contact 212 and the lower electrode wiring contact 214 of the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer; the upper and lower surfaces of the uniform piezoelectric composite layer 5 generate different charges which are respectively delivered to the signal processing system through the upper electrode wiring contact 222 and the lower electrode wiring contact 224 of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite layer. And the signal processing system connected with the electrode layer is used for collecting signals, processing the signals and judging contact points of the electric signals output by the electrode layer.
When an external force touches the sensor, the voltage signal amplitude generated by the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer is U 1, the voltage signal amplitude generated by the uniform material layer is U 2, and the definition recognition factor c is:
Before the sensor is used, calibrating the recognition factors of different sites, respectively touching all recognition sites of the functional gradient composite material, wherein the voltage signal amplitudes output by the gradient layer and the uniform layer when touching the ith site are respectively U 1i and U 2i, and calculating the recognition factors c i of each position calibration is respectively:
The recognition of the contact recognition site can be realized by comparing the recognition factor c obtained by the signal processing module under the external force touch during use with the calibrated recognition factor c i.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The touch sensor based on the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material is characterized by comprising a packaging layer, an electrode layer, a functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer, an insulating layer and a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer;
The packaging layer comprises an upper packaging layer and a lower packaging layer;
The electrode layer is composed of two pairs of electrodes, respectively covers the functionally gradient piezoelectric composite material layer and the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer, and respectively conducts charges generated when the two layers are stressed to a signal processing system, and comprises: the piezoelectric composite material comprises a functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer upper electrode, a functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer lower electrode, a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer upper electrode and a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer lower electrode;
A lower electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is arranged on the lower packaging layer; a uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is arranged on the lower electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer; the upper electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is arranged on the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer; an insulating layer is arranged on the upper electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer; the insulating layer is provided with a lower electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer; the lower electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer; the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with an upper electrode; an upper packaging layer is arranged on the upper electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer;
The lower electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a convex wiring contact of the lower electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer;
the upper electrode of the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a convex upper electrode wiring contact;
the lower electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a convex wiring contact of the lower electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer;
The upper electrode of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is provided with a convex upper electrode wiring contact;
The functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer is formed by composite materials formed by mixing a polymer matrix and piezoelectric ceramics according to different proportions, wherein the piezoelectric ceramics with different mass fractions are adopted to form the functional gradient distribution of the materials in two directions of a horizontal plane, and each mass fraction material adopts a square shape.
2. The tactile sensor of claim 1 wherein said functionally graded piezoelectric composite layer upper electrode wire contact, functionally graded piezoelectric composite layer lower electrode wire contact, uniformly piezoelectric composite layer upper electrode wire contact, and uniformly piezoelectric composite layer lower electrode wire contact all protrude above each layer.
3. The functionally graded piezoelectric composite based tactile sensor of claim 1 wherein the uniform piezoelectric composite layer is square in shape and the same size as the overall size of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite layer using a single mass fraction of piezoelectric composite.
4. The touch sensor based on the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing system to which the electrode layer is connected performs signal collection, signal processing and contact point determination on the electrical signal output by the electrode layer.
5. The touch sensor based on functionally graded piezoelectric composite material according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer is made of flexible insulating material, and the shape and size of the insulating layer are the same as those of the electrode layer.
6. A method for identifying a contact point, wherein the tactile sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted, when an external force touches the sensor, the voltage signal amplitude generated by the functionally graded piezoelectric composite material layer is U 1, the voltage signal amplitude generated by the uniformly graded piezoelectric composite material layer is U 2, and the identification factor c is defined as:
Before the sensor is used, calibrating the recognition factors of different sites, respectively touching all recognition sites of the functional gradient composite material, and when the ith site is touched, the voltage signal amplitude values output by the functional gradient piezoelectric composite material layer and the uniform piezoelectric composite material layer are respectively U 1i and U 2i, and calculating the recognition factors c i calibrated at all positions is respectively:
The recognition of the contact recognition site can be realized by comparing the recognition factor c obtained by the signal processing module under the external force touch during use with the calibrated recognition factor c i.
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| US6753108B1 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2004-06-22 | Superior Micropowders, Llc | Energy devices and methods for the fabrication of energy devices |
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| JP2016004197A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-12 | Tdk株式会社 | Liquid crystal lens |
| KR102254513B1 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-05-21 | 부경대학교 산학협력단 | Method for manufacturing highly heat dissipating and electrically insulating functionally graded composite material for printed circuit board and functionally graded composite material manufactured thereby |
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| KR102600625B1 (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2023-11-10 | 한국전자기술연구원 | Method for manufacturing flexible large area piezoelectric composite materials |
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