CN117529306A - 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nad)组合物、其制造方法及其使用方法 - Google Patents
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nad)组合物、其制造方法及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117529306A CN117529306A CN202280040339.7A CN202280040339A CN117529306A CN 117529306 A CN117529306 A CN 117529306A CN 202280040339 A CN202280040339 A CN 202280040339A CN 117529306 A CN117529306 A CN 117529306A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本文公开了包含包封在脂质体中的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物的组合物,其中所述组合物在各种储存温度下表现出增强的化学、物理和/或微生物储存稳定性。在某些实施方案中,所述组合物是稳定的,并且具有正渗透性和衰老结果。本文还公开了用于制备此类组合物的方法和使用此类组合物的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年5月4日提交的美国临时专利申请第63/183,174号的优先权,该申请的内容通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及包含烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸、其衍生物、其前体或其组合的组合物。在某些实施方案中,所述组合物是稳定的,并且具有正渗透性和衰老结果。本公开还涉及制备此类组合物的方法,以及使用此类组合物的方法。
背景技术
细胞外β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)的经氧化形式是活细胞中许多氧化还原反应的非常重要的辅因子,并且是许多种酶的底物1(1Kim UH,Han MK,Park BH,Kim HR,AnNH:Function of NAD glycohydrolase in ADP-ribose uptake from NAD by humanerythrocytes.Biochim Biophys Acta 1993;1178:121–126;Lee HC,Aarhus R:ADP-ribosyl cyclase:an enzyme that catalyzes NAD+into a calciummobilizingmetabolite.Cell Regul 1991;2:203–209;Travo P,Muller H,Shuber F:Calf spleenNAD glycohydrolase.Comparison of the catalytic properties of the membrane-bound and the hydrosoluble forms of the enzyme.Eur J.Biochem 1979;96:141-149)。因此,NAD+可能在缓解各种疾患方面具有潜在的有益特性。
尽管如此,NAD+、其前体和/或其衍生物的用途由于其有限的稳定性而受到限制。例如,已知NAD+相对不稳定2(2Ganti T,Fodor J:Studies on the kinetics of NAD-decomposition.Acta Physiol Acad Sci Hung 1965;26:199–205;Lawry OH,PassonneauJV,Rock MK:The stability of pyridine nucleotides.J Biol Chem 1961;236:2756–2759.)。做出了各种努力以试图稳定NAD+3(3A.Wozniacka,P.Szajerski,J.Adamus,J.Gebicki,A.Sysa-Jedrzejowska:In Search of New Antipsoriatic Agents:NAD+Topical Composition.Skin Pharmacol.Physiol.2007;20:37-42.),然而,在冷藏条件之外的长期稳定性仍然是一个挑战。
因此,正在努力鉴定包含NAD+、其前体和/或其衍生物并在各种储存条件(例如,各种温度)下维持长期储存稳定性(例如,化学、物理和/或微生物稳定性中的一种或多种)的组合物。
发明内容
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及一种包含脂质体和包封在脂质体中的活性剂的组合物,其中该活性剂包含烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的组合。
在某些实施方案中,与储存前(t=0)的组合物中的NAD+、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物的重量相比,该组合物在约2℃至约8℃、约20℃至约30℃或约35℃至约45℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后维持了大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或约100重量%的NAD+、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,组合物中的活性剂选自烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸加氢(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,该活性剂包含NAD+。
在某些实施方案中,组合物中的脂质体包含囊泡形成脂质,该囊泡形成脂质可以选自磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酸(PA)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)、鞘磷脂(SM)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯甲基醚、聚甲基噁唑啉、聚乙基噁唑啉、聚羟丙基噁唑啉、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、聚甲基丙烯酰胺、聚二甲基丙烯酰胺、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、聚羟乙基丙烯酸酯、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙二醇、聚天冬酰胺、卵磷脂、二棕榈酰卵磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,囊泡形成脂质包括卵磷脂。
在某些实施方案中,组合物进一步包含一种或多种另外的赋形剂。
在某些实施方案中,该一种或多种另外的赋形剂包括溶剂,诸如但不限于醇、水或它们的混合物。在某些实施方案中,溶剂包括选自以下的醇:乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、甘油、乙二醇、乙二醇单乙基、单丁基醚、丙二醇单甲基、丙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、丁二醇、戊二醇、山梨糖醇或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,溶剂包括水、甘油和戊二醇。
在某些实施方案中,该一种或多种另外的赋形剂包括pH调节剂,其可选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、柠檬酸钠、乙酸钠、氢氧化镁、柠檬酸、盐酸或它们的混合物。在某些实施方案中,pH调节剂以将组合物的pH调节到约5至约9、约5.5至约8.5或约6至约7的范围的有效量存在于组合物中。
在某些实施方案中,组合物可以包含一种或多种另外的赋形剂,诸如但不限于碳水化合物、抗氧化剂、螯合剂、低分子量蛋白质、高分子量聚合物、胶凝剂、稳定剂、添加剂、湿润剂、乳化剂、表面活性剂和/或分散剂、碱化剂、着色剂、合成染料(dies)、填料、稀释剂、矿物氧化物、防腐剂或它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,该组合物适合于局部施用、经口施用或肠胃外施用。
在某些实施方案中,本公开可涉及一种通过将活性剂包封在脂质体中来稳定活性剂的方法,该活性剂包含烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的组合。
在某些实施方案中,本公开可涉及一种制备本文所述的任何组合物的方法。例如,该方法可包括形成包含活性剂(诸如烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的组合)和溶剂的溶液。在某些实施方案中,该方法可进一步包括将活性剂溶液与囊泡形成脂质组合。在某些实施方案中,该方法可进一步包括将活性剂溶液和囊泡形成脂质与一种或多种另外的赋形剂组合,以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物。
在某些实施方案中,本公开可涉及一种通过向有需要的受试者施用本文所述的任何组合物来治疗疾患的方法。在某些实施方案中,施用可以是局部的、经口的或肠胃外的。
在某些实施方案中,可以针对以下中的一者或多者对受试者进行治疗:皮肤紧致度丧失、皮肤厚度减小、细纹、皱纹、弹性丧失、松垂、干燥、老年斑、周转率降低、异常脱屑、真皮中细胞外基质的密度降低和解裂(disorganization)以及其他组织学变化、皮肤粗糙度、皮肤光滑度、亮度、光泽、UV损伤、自由基损伤、辐射损伤、污染损伤、来自环境毒素或刺激物或过敏原的损伤、皮肤色调、饱经风霜的外观、变黄、皮肤毛孔变得不太明显、色素沉着过度、疤痕、皮肤表面不平整、酒渣鼻、外源性湿疹、痤疮、牛皮癣、皮肤的再生和更新过程、发红、鱼鳞病、缺乏触觉光滑度、缺乏视觉光滑度、缺乏柔软度、缺乏发光度、缺乏光泽、皮肤纹理、鱼尾纹、鼻褶、皮肤变色、干皱的皮肤纹理、皮肤弹性降低或其他损伤性皮肤状况。
在某些实施方案中,可以针对以下中的一者或多者对受试者进行治疗:疲劳(例如,慢性疲劳综合征)、神经认知困难、睡眠障碍、运动后不适、头痛、肌肉无力、关节痛、肌痛、过敏、淋巴结肿胀和触痛、抑郁和其他应激相关疾患或可能受益于调控细胞能量代谢的疾患。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的组合物被用于减缓皮肤老化的方法中。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的组合物被用于改善皮肤微循环的方法中。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的组合物被用于降低皮肤趋向性的方法中。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的组合物被用于改善皮肤色调的方法中。
附图说明
本公开通过举例而非限制的方式图示在附图的图中,在附图中:
图1图示了如何将渗透性研究的外植体分成六部分以进行分析。
图2是配制剂P1和P2的FTIR光谱。
图3是描绘批料TJ1、P1J1和P2J1在1030cm-1附近的谱带的AUC变化的FTIR化学图像。
图4是描绘2930/2960cm-1比率变化的FTIR化学图像。
图5图示了活性成分特征(signature)对每个批料的贡献的NCLS得分。
图6还图示了不同批料的NCLS得分。
图7是描绘人主动脉内皮细胞(HAEC)中的细胞存活结果的图表。
图8是描绘人主动脉内皮细胞(HAEC)中的细胞衰老结果的图表。
图9是描绘人表皮角质细胞(HEKa)中的细胞衰老结果的图表。
定义
除非上下文另外明确指出,否则如在本文中使用,单数形式“一个(种)”和“该/所述”包括多个指示物。因此,例如,对“活性剂”的提及包括单一活性剂以及两种或更多种不同活性剂的混合物,并且对“赋形剂”的提及包括单一赋形剂以及两种或更多种不同赋形剂的混合物,等等。
如本文所用,与所测得的量相关的术语“约”是指该所测得的量的正常变化,如本领域普通技术人员在进行测量并采取与测量目的和测量设备精度相称的谨慎程度时所预期的。在某些实施方案中,术语“约”包括所列举的数字±10%,使得“约10”将包括9至11。
如本文所用,术语“活性剂”、“活性成分”和“活性药物成分”是指旨在产生治疗、预防或其他预期效果的任何物质,无论是否被政府机构批准用于该目的。关于具体剂的这些术语包括所有药物活性剂、其所有药学上可接受的盐、复合物、立体异构体、结晶形式、共晶体、醚、酯、水合物、溶剂化物以及它们的混合物,其中所述形式具有药物活性。
如本文中使用,术语“立体异构体”是仅在其原子的空间取向上有所区别的单个分子的所有异构体的通用术语。所述立体异构体包括对映体和具有一个或多个手性中心的且相互不为镜像的化合物的异构体(非对映异构体)。
术语“对映体”或“对映体的”是指不能叠加在其镜像上并且因此具有光学活性的分子,其中对映体使偏振光的平面以一定角度朝一个方向旋转,而其镜像使偏振光的平面以相同角度朝相反方向旋转。
术语“手性中心”是指附接有四个不同基团的碳原子。
术语“患者”是指已经呈现出提示需要治疗的一种或多种特定症状的临床表现、已经针对疾患进行预防性或防预性治疗,或者已经被诊断患有待治疗疾患的受试者、动物或人。术语“受试者”包括术语“患者”的定义并且不排除其他方面健康的个体。
“药学上可接受的盐”包括但不限于无机酸盐,诸如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐等;有机酸盐,诸如甲酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐等;磺酸盐,诸如甲磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐等;氨基酸盐,诸如精氨酸盐、天冬酰胺盐、谷氨酸盐等;金属盐,诸如钠盐、钾盐、铯盐等;碱土金属,诸如钙盐、镁盐等;以及有机胺盐,诸如三乙胺盐、吡啶盐、甲基吡啶盐、乙醇胺盐、三乙醇胺盐、二环己胺盐、N,N’-二苄基乙二胺盐等。
术语“疾患(condition/conditions)”是指可以通过向受试者施用有效量的活性剂来治疗或预防的那些医学或美容疾患。
术语“治疗(treatment of/treating)”包括减轻疾患的严重程度或使疾患停止,或者减轻疾患的症状的严重程度或使疾患的症状停止。
术语“预防(prevention of/preventing)”包括避免疾患的发作。
在某些实施方案中,关于疾患的术语“治疗(treatment/treating)”意指以提供药效作用为目的的施用,而不管结局如何。在某些实施方案中,“治疗”意指“对疾患具有积极作用”,并且涵盖疾患的至少一种症状的严重程度降低、改善和/或缓和;疾患严重程度的降低、改善和/或缓和;延迟、预防或抑制疾患的进展;或因治疗而可感知的改善或益处。如本文所用的治疗不需要完全治愈疾患。在某些实施方案中,本公开的组合物可以改善患者的生活质量,或延迟、预防、抑制疾患的一种或多种症状的发作,或提供可感知的益处。如本文所用,这些术语还涵盖施涂所公开的含活性剂的组合物后的美学改善,例如对皮肤的美学改善。
术语“治疗有效量”旨在包括例如用于治疗或预防受试者的疾患,或治疗受试者的疾患的症状的活性剂的量或活性剂的组合的量。
术语“有效量”旨在包括用于实现某种结果或特性的组分的量或组分的组合的量,例如,用于实现pH 6.0的pH调节剂的有效量旨在包括用于达到pH 6.0的一种或多种pH调节剂的量。
关于所公开的局部用组合物或使用所公开的局部用组合物的方法的术语“施涂(application/apply/applying)”是指将局部用组合物施用到患者皮肤的任何方式,在医学或美容学实践中,该方式将组合物递送到患者的皮肤表面。在有或没有合适装置的帮助下涂抹、擦涂、铺涂、喷涂所公开的局部用组合物在患者皮肤上均包括在如本文中所用的术语“施涂(application)”的范围之内。关于所公开的配制剂的施用或施涂的术语“局部”或“局部地”是指表皮施用或施涂,或施用到皮肤上。
如本文所用,“经口递送”或“经口施用”是指其中组合物通过口腔被摄取的施用途径。经口施用是肠内施用的一部分,还包括经颊施用(溶解于颊内)、唇下施用(溶解于唇下)以及舌下施用(溶解于舌下)。在某些实施方案中,经口施用包括其中组合物被摄入的施用途径。在某些实施方案中,经口施用包括其中组合物被吸入的施用途径。
如本文所用,“肠胃外施用”是指其中将药物剂型注射到例如肌肉(肌内施用)、静脉(静脉内施用)、皮下(皮下施用)的施用途径。
短语“药学上可接受的”是指在合理的医学判断范围内适合于与人类和动物的组织接触而没有过度毒性、刺激性、过敏反应,或与合理的效益/风险比相称的其他问题或并发症的那些化合物、物质、组合物和/或剂型。
术语“延长释放”是指在一段时间内被释放例如从而提供每日一次或每日两次的剂型的活性剂。
术语“立即释放”是指允许活性剂溶解在胃肠道中而不意图延迟或延长活性剂的溶出或吸收的组合物。例如,在约5分钟、约15分钟、约30分钟、约45分钟或约60分钟内释放至少85%、至少90%或至少95%的活性剂,如通过在室温下在水性介质(pH 1-8)中在USP装置1(#40网篮)、USP装置2(桨)或USP装置3(往复筒)中进行体外溶出来测量的。
除非本文另外指明,否则本文中值范围的列举仅仅意图用作个别地表示属于所述范围的各单独值的速记方法,并且犹如本文个别描述地那样将各单独值并入到本说明书中。除非本文中另外指出或与上下文明显矛盾,否则本文中所描述的所有方法都可以按任何合适的顺序进行。本文提供的任何和所有实例或示例性语言(例如,“诸如”)的使用仅旨在阐明某些材料和方法,并不对范围构成限制。说明书中的语言不应被视为指示任何未要求保护的要素对实施所公开的材料和方法是必需的。
具体实施方式
组合物
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及包含包封在脂质体中的活性剂的稳定组合物,其中该活性剂包含烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的组合。
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)包含两个通过它们的磷酸酯基团连接的核苷酸。一个核苷酸含有腺嘌呤核碱基,并且另一个含有烟酰胺。NAD的氧化形式缩写为NAD+,并且NAD的还原形式缩写为NADH。NAD的氧化形式有时也被称为“β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸”和“游离酸(NAD)”。
NAD还具有各种前体和衍生物,诸如但不限于烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)。
在某些实施方案中,包封在本文所述的任何组合物中的脂质体中的活性剂可选自烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸加氢(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,包封在本文所述的任何组合物中的脂质体中的活性剂可以是NAD+。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的活性剂(例如,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的组合)可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%至约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%,或从约1重量%至约10重量%的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,NAD+可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%至约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%,或从约1重量%至约10重量%的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在于组合物中。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指活性剂在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,活性剂的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的活性剂(例如,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的组合)可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%、约0.5重量%、约1重量%、约2重量%、约3重量%、约4重量%、约5重量%、约6重量%、约7重量%、约8重量%或约9重量%中的任一者至约10重量%、约11重量%、约12重量%、约13重量%、约14重量%、约15重量%、约16重量%、约17重量%、约18重量%、约19重量%或约20重量%中的任一者的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指活性剂在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,活性剂的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,NAD+可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%、约0.5重量%、约1重量%、约2重量%、约3重量%、约4重量%、约5重量%、约6重量%、约7重量%、约8重量%或约9重量%中的任一者至约10重量%、约11重量%、约12重量%、约13重量%、约14重量%、约15重量%、约16重量%、约17重量%、约18重量%、约19重量%或约20重量%中的任一者的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在于本文所述的任何组合物中。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指NAD+在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的NAD+的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,NAD+的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
当囊泡形成脂质(诸如磷脂及其衍生物)分散在水性溶剂(诸如水)中时,形成脂质体。在分散在水性溶剂中后,囊泡形成脂质形成称为“脂质体”的封闭囊泡,其特征在于包封水性核的脂质双层。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的脂质体可包括形囊泡成脂质。在某些实施方案中,囊泡形成脂质可以选自磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酸(PA)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)、鞘磷脂(SM)、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯甲基醚、聚甲基噁唑啉、聚乙基噁唑啉、聚羟丙基噁唑啉、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、聚甲基丙烯酰胺、聚二甲基丙烯酰胺、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、聚羟乙基丙烯酸酯、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙二醇、聚天冬酰胺、卵磷脂、二棕榈酰卵磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,囊泡形成脂质包括卵磷脂。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的囊泡形成液体可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%至约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%,或从约1重量%至约10重量%的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,卵磷脂可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%至约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%,或从约1重量%至约10重量%的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在于组合物中。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指囊泡形成剂在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,囊泡形成脂质的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的囊泡形成脂质可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%、约0.5重量%、约1重量%、约2重量%、约3重量%、约4重量%、约5重量%、约6重量%、约7重量%、约8重量%或约9重量%中的任一者至约10重量%、约11重量%、约12重量%、约13重量%、约14重量%、约15重量%、约16重量%、约17重量%、约18重量%、约19重量%或约20重量%中的任一者的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指囊泡形成脂质在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,囊泡形成脂质的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,卵磷脂可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%、约0.5重量%、约1重量%、约2重量%、约3重量%、约4重量%、约5重量%、约6重量%、约7重量%、约8重量%或约9重量%中的任一者至约10重量%、约11重量%、约12重量%、约13重量%、约14重量%、约15重量%、约16重量%、约17重量%、约18重量%、约19重量%或约20重量%中的任一者的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在于本文所述的任何组合物中。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指卵磷脂在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,卵磷脂的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,活性剂与囊泡形成脂质的重量比在从约10:1至约1:10、约8:1至约1:8、约5:1至约1:5、约3:1至约1:3、约2:1至约1:2、约1:1至约1:10、约1:1至约1:8、约1:1至约1:5、约1:1至约1:3或约1:1至约1:2的范围内,或者为其中的任何子范围或单个值。在某些实施方案中,组合物中活性剂的最小量是治疗有效量。在某些实施方案中,组合物中活性剂的最大量是用于维持均质单一液相的有效量。在某些实施方案中,活性剂不以会产生相分离的量添加到组合物中。
在某些实施方案中,组合物进一步包含一种或多种另外的赋形剂。
在某些实施方案中,该一种或多种另外的赋形剂包括溶剂,诸如但不限于醇、水或它们的混合物。在某些实施方案中,溶剂包括选自以下的醇:乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、甘油、乙二醇、乙二醇单乙基、单丁基醚、丙二醇单甲基、丙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、丁二醇、戊二醇、山梨糖醇或它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的溶剂可以以基于组合物的总重量从约70重量%至约98重量%、从约80重量%至约95重量%,或从约85重量%至约92重量%的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的溶剂可以以基于组合物的总重量从约70重量%、约72重量%、约74重量%、约76重量%、约78重量%、约80重量%、约82重量%、约84重量%、约85重量%或约86重量%中的任一者至约88重量%、约90重量%、约92重量%、约94重量%、约95重量%、约96重量%或约98重量%中的任一者的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指溶剂在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,溶剂的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在一个实施方案中,溶剂包括水、甘油和戊二醇。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的水可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%至约50重量%、从约5重量%至约40重量%,或从约10重量%至约30重量%的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的水可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%、约5重量%、约10重量%、约15重量%、约20重量%或约25重量%中的任一者至约30重量%、约35重量%、约40重量%、约45重量%或约50重量%中的任一者的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指水在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,水的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的甘油可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%至约90重量%、从约30重量%至约80重量%,或从约50重量%至约70重量%的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的甘油可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%、约5重量%、约10重量%、约15重量%、约20重量%、约25重量%、约30重量%、约35重量%、约40重量%、约45重量%或约50重量%中的任一者至约55重量%、约60重量%、约65重量%、约70重量%、约75重量%、约80重量%、约85重量%或约90重量%中的任一者的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指甘油在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,甘油的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的戊二醇可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%至约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%,或从约1重量%至约10重量%的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的戊二醇可以以基于组合物的总重量从大于0重量%、约0.5重量%、约1重量%、约2重量%、约3重量%、约4重量%、约5重量%、约6重量%、约7重量%、约8重量%或约9重量%中的任一者至约10重量%、约11重量%、约12重量%、约13重量%、约14重量%、约15重量%、约16重量%、约17重量%、约18重量%、约19重量%或约20重量%中的任一者的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指戊二醇在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,戊二醇的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,可以适当地使用其他无机溶剂来代替戊二醇或作为对戊二醇的补充。示例性的合适溶剂包括但不限于选自以下的醇:乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、甘油、乙二醇、乙二醇单乙基、单丁基醚、丙二醇单甲基、丙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、丁二醇、戊二醇、山梨糖醇或它们的混合物。这些或其他合适的溶剂中的任一种都可以与上文针对戊二醇所描述的浓度相似的浓度包括在内。
在某些实施方案中,与囊泡形成脂质一起用于形成脂质体的水性溶剂主要是甘油。甘油是自保存的,并且表现出微生物稳定性,而不需要包含防腐剂或保藏剂(conservative)。在某些实施方案中,组合物具有小于约20重量%、小于约15重量%、小于约10重量%、小于约8重量%、小于约5重量%、小于约3重量%、小于约1重量%、小于约0.5重量%、小于约0.1重量%或者不含(例如,0重量%)防腐剂和/或保藏剂。
在某些实施方案中,组合物中甘油与其他溶剂(诸如水和/或戊二醇,单独地或累积在一起)的重量比在从约15:1至约1:5、从约10:1至约1:5、从约8:1至约1:3、从约5:1至约1:1、或从约3:1至约1:5:1的范围内,或者为其中的任何子范围或单个值。
在某些实施方案中,该一种或多种另外的赋形剂包括pH调节剂,其可选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铵、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、柠檬酸钠、乙酸钠、氢氧化镁、柠檬酸、盐酸或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,pH调节剂是氢氧化钠。在某些实施方案中,pH调节剂以将组合物的pH调节到从约4至约9、从约5.5至约8.5或从约6至约7的范围内的有效量存在于组合物中。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的pH调节剂(例如,氢氧化钠)可以以基于组合物的总重量至多5重量%、至多约4重量%、至多约3重量%、至多约2重量%,或至多约1重量%,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指pH调节剂在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,pH调节剂的浓度和/或组合物的最终pH在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述组合物的pH在从约4、约4.3、约4.5、约4.7、约5、约5.3、约5.5、约5.8、约6.0、约6.2、约6.5、约6.8或约7中的任一者至约7.3、约7.5、约7.7、约8.0、约8.3、约8.5、约8.7或约9.0中的任一者的范围内,或者是其中的任何子范围或单个值。
在某些实施方案中,组合物可以包含一种或多种另外的赋形剂,诸如但不限于碳水化合物、抗氧化剂、螯合剂、低分子量蛋白质、高分子量聚合物、胶凝剂、稳定剂、添加剂、湿润剂、乳化剂、表面活性剂和/或分散剂、碱化剂、着色剂、合成染料(dies)、填料、稀释剂、矿物氧化物、防腐剂或它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,组合物进一步包含抗氧化剂。在某些实施方案中,抗氧化剂可以包括三价磷,像例如亚磷酸酯(盐)、酚类抗氧化剂、羟胺、内酯如取代的苯并呋喃酮。受阻酚、硫代增效剂和/或受阻胺对聚合物的长期稳定性有用,而下列抗氧化剂也适合于活性物质易被氧化的情况:酸(抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸、依替膦酸、没食子酸、次磷酸、去甲二氢愈创木酸、丙酸等)、酚类(例如BHA、BHT、叔丁基对苯二酚、没食子酸十二烷酯、没食子酸辛酯、1,3,5-三羟基苯)、有机和无机盐(抗坏血酸钙、抗坏血酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钾、焦亚硫酸钾)、酯类(抗坏血酸钙、硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、硫代二丙酸二肉豆蔻酯、硫代二丙酸二硬脂酯)、吡喃酮(pyranon)(麦芽酚)和维生素E(生育酚、D-α-生育酚、DL-α-生育酚、生育酚乙酸酯、d-α-生育酚乙酸酯、dl-α-生育酚乙酸酯)。然而,根据本发明,可以使用本领域已知的其他抗氧化剂。
在某些实施方案中,合适的抗氧化剂可以包括但不限于空间受阻酚、芳基胺、硫脲、硫代氨基甲酸酯、亚磷酸酯(盐)、硫醚酯以及前述物质的组合。抗氧化剂的其他合适的实例包括但不限于烷基化单酚,包括但不限于2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二(十八烷基)-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三环己基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚;侧链为直链或支链的壬基酚,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十一烷-1′-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十七烷-1′-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十三烷-1-基)苯酚以及它们的混合物;烷基甲硫基苯酚,包括但不限于2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-十二烷基硫代甲基-4-壬基苯酚;对苯二酚和烷基化对苯二酚,包括但不限于2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二叔丁基对苯二酚、2,5-二叔戊基对苯二酚、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基对苯二酚、2,5-二丁基-4-羟基茴香醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基硬脂酸酯、双(3,5-二丁基-4-羟苯基)己二酸酯;生育酚,包括但不限于α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及它们的混合物(维生素E);羟基化硫代二苯醚,包括但不限于2,2′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚)、4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟苯基)-二硫化物;亚烷基双酚,包括但不限于2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)-苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基黄(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基-苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、乙二醇双[3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟苯基)丁酸酯]、双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯、双[2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯、1,1-双-(3,5-二甲基-2-羟苯基)丁烷、2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、1,5,5-四-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷;O-苄基、N-苄基和S-苄基化合物,包括但不限于3,5,3′,5′-四叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚、十八烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸酯、十三烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸酯、三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺、双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫代对苯二甲酸酯、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫化物、异辛基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸酯;羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,包括但不限于二(十八烷基)-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯、二-十八烷基-2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸酯、二(十二烷基)巯基乙基-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯、双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]-2,2-双(3,5-二丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯;芳族羟基苄基化合物,包括但不限于1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚;三嗪化合物,包括但不限于2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、2,4,6-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯;苄基膦酸酯,包括但不限于二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、二乙基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、二(十八烷基)3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、二(十八烷基)-5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸单乙酯的钙盐;酰基氨基苯酚,包括但不限于4-羟基月桂酰苯胺、4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺、N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯;β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八碳醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯;β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八碳醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双-(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯;3,9-双[2-{3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酰氧基}-1,1-二甲基乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]-十一烷;6-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八碳醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2,2]辛烷的酯;3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基乙酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八碳醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯;6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基A-羟苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二酰胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰基)三亚甲基二酰胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰基)酰肼、N,N′-双[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(XL-1,由Uniroyal供应)、抗坏血酸(维生素C);含氨基抗氧化剂,包括但不限于N,N′-二异丙基对苯二胺、N,N′-二仲丁基对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-甲基庚基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-二环己基对苯二胺、N,N′-二苯基对苯二胺、N,N′-双(2-萘基)-对苯二胺、N-异丙基-N′-苯基对苯二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基对苯二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基对苯二胺、N-环己基-N′-苯基对苯二胺、4-(对甲苯氨磺酰基)二苯胺、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二仲丁基对苯二胺、二苯胺、N-烯丙基二苯胺、4-异丙氧基二苯胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺;辛基化二苯胺,包括但不限于p,p′-二叔辛基二苯胺、4-正丁基氨基苯酚、4-丁酰氨基苯酚、4-壬酰氨基苯酚、4-十二酰氨基苯酚、4-十八酰氨基苯酚、双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲氨基甲基苯酚、2,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷、1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷、(邻甲苯基)双胍、双[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺、叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘胺、单烷基化和二烷基化叔丁基二苯胺/叔辛基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化壬基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化十二烷基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化异丙基二苯胺/异己基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化叔丁基二苯胺的混合物、2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、吩噻嗪、单烷基化和二烷基化叔丁基吩噻嗪/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、N-烯丙基吩噻嗪、N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯;以及前述的组合。
在一个实施方案中,抗氧化剂包括生育酚。在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物中的抗氧化剂(例如,生育酚)可以以基于组合物的总重量至多约0.5重量%、至多约0.4重量%、至多约0.3重量%、至多约0.2重量%、或至多约0.1重量%,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的量存在。在某些实施方案中,这些浓度是指抗氧化剂在包括以下(包含以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成)的组合物中的量:活性剂、脂质体和一种或多种适合于形成包封在脂质体中的活性剂的均质单相液体组合物的另外的赋形剂。本公开还涵盖可包含另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂以形成例如经口用组合物、局部用组合物或肠胃外组合物的组合物,并且在此类组合物中,组合物中抗氧化剂的浓度在各种实施方案中可以或可以不落在这些范围内。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及一种包含包封在脂质体中的NAD+的组合物。在一个实施方案中,脂质体包括囊泡形成脂质,即卵磷脂。在一个实施方案中,组合物包含水和无机醇,诸如甘油和/或戊二醇中的一种或多种。在一个实施方案中,组合物包含pH调节剂,诸如氢氧化钠。在一个实施方案中,组合物包含抗氧化剂,诸如生育酚。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及一种NAD+的脂质体组合物,其包含以下中的一种或多种:a)大于0重量%至约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%、或从约1重量%至约10重量%的NAD+;b)大于0重量%至约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%、或从约1重量%至约10重量%的囊泡形成脂质(例如,卵磷脂);c)大于0重量%至约90重量%、从约30重量%至约80重量%、从约50重量%至约70重量%、或从约55重量%至约65重量%的甘油;d)高于0重量%至约50重量%、从约5重量%至约40重量%、或从约10重量%至约30重量%的水;e)高于0重量%至约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%、或从约1重量%至约10重量%的戊二醇;f)至多约5重量%、至多约4重量%、至多约3重量%、至多约2重量%或至多约1重量%的pH调节剂(例如,氢氧化钠);和/或g)至多约0.5重量%、至多约0.4重量%、至多约0.3重量%、至多约0.2重量%、或至多约0.1重量%的抗氧化剂(例如,生育酚),其中所有重量%均基于a)至g)的总重量。
在某些实施方案中,本公开内可以进一步涉及药物组合物、化妆品组合物、药用化妆品组合物、药用营养品(nutraceutical)组合物或营养品组合物。术语“药物组合物”是指被制造用于医疗目的的组合物。术语“药用化妆品组合物”是指经科学证明具有药用特性的化妆品组合物。术语“化妆品组合物”是指可维持、保护、清洁、增加香味、改变外观等而不穿透皮肤或改变皮肤功能的组合物。术语“药用营养品组合物”是指除了用于营养之外还可用于药用目的的组合物。术语“营养品组合物”是指旨在通过提供另外的营养物来补充受试者饮食的补充剂。
在某些实施方案中,本公开可以涉及一种适合于经口施用的经口用组合物。在某些实施方案中,本公开可以涉及一种适合于局部施用的局部用组合物。在某些实施方案中,本公开可以涉及一种适合于肠胃外施用的可注射组合物。
药物组合物、化妆品组合物、药用化妆品组合物、药用营养品组合物、营养品组合物等(无论适合于经口、局部或肠胃外施用)中的任一者都可以包含包封在脂质体中的活性剂和药学上可接受的赋形剂,其中该活性剂选自烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸加氢(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)或它们的混合物,优选地其中活性剂是NAD+。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括丙烯酸类、纤维素衍生物、多糖、单糖、树胶、天然或合成聚合物(例如,聚亚烷基氧化物(例如,选聚亚甲基氧化物(polymethylene oxides)、聚亚乙基氧化物、聚亚丙基氧化物)、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚己内酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物及它们的混合物)、脂质体、崩解剂(例如,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟基乙酸淀粉钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠或它们的混合物)、助流剂、润滑剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、粘结剂、软化剂、增塑剂(例如,卵磷脂、氢化植物油、甘油酯、羊毛脂、甲酯、季戊四醇酯、米糠蜡、硬脂酸、硬脂酸钠钾等)、蜡、脂肪、乳化剂、填充剂、抗氧化剂、芳香剂、着色剂、稀释剂、加工助剂(例如,制粒助剂)、甜味剂(诸如上文关于可咀嚼组合物所述的那些)、固定剂(例如,多元醇,诸如但不限于山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇/异麦芽酮糖醇、甘露糖醇、淀粉等)、pH调节剂、粘度调节剂、溶解度增加剂或降低剂、渗透剂、溶剂或它们的组合。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、天然和合成树胶、聚乙烯醇、玉米淀粉、亲水性和疏水性材料如缓释聚合物、丙烯酸树脂、蛋白质衍生材料、蜡、虫胶和固体或半固体油如氢化蓖麻油和氢化植物油。更具体地,控释材料可以是例如烷基纤维素如乙基纤维素、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物(例如,丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸氰乙酯、甲基丙烯酸氨基烷基酯共聚物、聚(丙烯酸)、聚(甲基丙烯酸)、甲基丙烯酸烷基酰胺共聚物、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸)(酸酐)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸氨基烷基酯共聚物、聚(甲基丙烯酸酐)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物以及任何前述物质的混合物),以及纤维素醚,诸如羟烷基纤维素(例如,羟丙基甲基纤维素)和羧烷基纤维素。蜡包括例如天然和合成蜡、脂肪酸、脂肪醇及它们的混合物(例如蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、硬脂酸和硬脂醇)。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括胶凝剂(诸如但不限于糖或糖衍生的醇,诸如甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇等)、淀粉和淀粉衍生物、纤维素衍生物(诸如微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、纤维素酯、纤维素二酯、纤维素三酯、纤维素醚、纤维素酯醚、纤维素酰化物、纤维素二酰化物、纤维素三酰化物、纤维素乙酸酯、纤维素二乙酸酯、纤维素三乙酸酯、纤维素乙酸丙酸酯、纤维素乙酸丁酸酯、纤维素乙酸琥珀酸酯、纤维素乙酸邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素乙酸琥珀酸酯(羟丙甲纤维素乙酸琥珀酸酯)及它们的混合物)、绿坡缕石、膨润土、糊精、藻酸盐(alginate)、海藻酸盐(algenicacid salt)(诸如藻酸钠和藻酸钾)、酪蛋白、硬脂酸、虫胶、角叉菜胶、黄蓍胶、金合欢胶、阿拉伯树胶、普鲁兰胶、糊精、结冷胶、琼脂胶、塔拉胶、刺梧桐胶、瓜尔胶、威兰胶、鼠李糖胶(rhamsan gum)、刺槐豆胶、黄原胶、果胶、明胶、高岭土、卵磷脂、硅酸镁铝、卡波姆(carbomers)和卡波普(carbopols)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、聚亚乙基氧化物、聚乙烯醇、二氧化硅、表面活性剂、混合表面活性剂/润湿剂体系、乳化剂、其他聚合物材料及它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括亲水性赋形剂,诸如但不限于水、低分子量多元醇,诸如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或它们的组合。其他合适的亲水性载体的实例包括但不限于脱水山梨糖醇酯的聚氧乙烯衍生物,诸如脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯(聚山梨醇酯20)、聚山梨醇酯80、聚山梨醇酯60、聚氧乙烯20脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯(聚山梨醇酯85)、乙酸、甲酸、其他亲水性表面活性剂及它们的混合物。示例性低分子量多元醇包括但不限于具有从约200道尔顿、约400道尔顿、约600道尔顿、约800道尔顿或约1000道尔顿中的任一者至约2000道尔顿、约3000道尔顿、约4000道尔顿、约5000道尔顿、约6000Da或约7000Da中的任一者,或其中任何子范围或单个值的数均分子量的那些多元醇(例如,聚乙二醇400、聚乙二醇600等)。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括增塑剂,诸如但不限于糖醇增塑剂,诸如三醋精、异麦芽酮糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、阿东糖醇、半乳糖醇、季戊四醇或甘露糖醇;或多元醇增塑剂,诸如双甘油、乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、二丙二醇、高达10,000MW的聚乙二醇、新戊二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、聚醚多元醇、乙醇胺;以及它们的混合物。其他示例性增塑剂也可以包括但不限于低分子量聚合物、低聚物、共聚物、油、小有机分子、具有脂族羟基的低分子量多元醇、酯型增塑剂、乙二醇醚、聚(丙二醇)、多嵌段聚合物、单嵌段聚合物、柠檬酸酯型增塑剂和三醋精。此类增塑剂可以包括1,2-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、苯乙二醇、单丙二醇单异丙醚、丙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、山梨糖醇乳酸酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯、乙醇酸乙酯、癸二酸二丁酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、聚山梨醇酯80、柠檬酸乙酰基三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯和乙醇酸烯丙酯,以及它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括增塑剂,诸如但不限于磷酸酯;邻苯二甲酸酯;酰胺类;矿物油;脂肪酸和酯;脂肪醇、植物油和氢化植物油,包括乙酰化氢化棉籽甘油酯和乙酰化氢化大豆油甘油酯;柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三乙酯、蓖麻油、二乙酰化单甘油酯、二丙二醇水杨酸甘油酯、椰油酸甘油酯、单乙酰化单甘油酯和双乙酰化单甘油酯、硝基苯、二硫化碳、fl-水杨酸萘酯、邻苯二甲酰乙醇酸酯(phthalyl glycolate)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯;山梨糖醇、山梨糖醇甘油三柠檬酸酯;蔗糖八乙酸酯;α-生育酚聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯、磷酸酯;邻苯二甲酸酯;酰胺类;矿物油;脂肪酸和酯;脂肪醇;以及植物油、脂肪醇,包括鲸蜡硬脂醇、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、油醇和肉豆蔻醇;松香酸甲酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三乙酯、己二酸二异辛酯、油酸戊酯、蓖麻油酸丁酯、苯甲酸苄酯、脂肪酸的丁酯和乙二醇酯、丁基二甘醇碳酸酯、油酸丁酯、硬脂酸丁酯、己二酸二(β-甲氧基乙酯)、癸二酸二丁酯、酒石酸二丁酯、己二酸二异丁酯、己二酸二己酯、三乙二醇二(β-乙基丁酸酯)、聚乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)、二乙二醇单月桂酸酯、单体聚乙二醇酯、氢化松香甲酯、油酸甲氧基乙酯、硬脂酸丁氧基乙酯、丁基邻苯二甲酰基乙醇酸丁酯(butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate)、三丁酸甘油酯、三乙二醇二壬酸酯、β-(对叔戊基苯氧基)乙醇、β(对叔丁基苯氧基)乙醇、β-(对叔丁基苯氧基乙基)乙酸酯、双(β-对叔丁基苯氧基二乙基)醚、樟脑、Cumar W-1、Cumar MH-1、Cumar V-1、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯、(二戊基苯氧基)乙醇、二苯醚、工业氢化松香醇、beckolin、六氢氯化苯(benzenehexahydrochlonde)、Clorafin 40、Piccolastic A-5、Piccalastic A-25、Flexol B-400、甘油α-甲基α-苯基醚、氯化萘、HB-40、邻苯二甲酸单戊酯。Nevillac 10邻硝基联苯和Paracril 26。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括增塑剂,诸如但不限于糖醇增塑剂,诸如异麦芽酮糖醇、麦芽糖醇、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、阿东糖醇、半乳糖醇、季戊四醇或甘露糖醇;或多元醇增塑剂,诸如甘油、双甘油、乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、二丙二醇、高达10,000MW的聚乙二醇、新戊二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、聚醚多元醇、乙醇胺;以及它们的混合物。其他示例性增塑剂可以包括但不限于低分子量聚合物、低聚物、共聚物、油、小有机分子、具有脂族羟基的低分子量多元醇、酯型增塑剂、乙二醇醚、聚(丙二醇)、多嵌段聚合物、单嵌段聚合物、柠檬酸酯型增塑剂和三醋精。此类增塑剂可以包括1,2-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、苯乙二醇、单丙二醇单异丙醚、丙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、山梨糖醇乳酸酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯、乙醇酸乙酯、癸二酸二丁酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、聚山梨醇酯80、柠檬酸乙酰基三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯和乙醇酸烯丙酯,以及它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括芳香剂,诸如但不限于天然和/或合成芳香剂原料。例如,油溶性香料油,其可以或可以不与水溶性香料油混合。油溶性香料材料是天然的或天然相同的精油,诸如橙油、薰衣草油、松油、桉树油、柠檬油、丁香叶、薄荷油、雪松油、迷迭香油、香柠檬油、杂薰衣草油、广藿香油、甘菊油、茉莉油、穗花油、玫瑰油、香根草油、小茴香油、大茴香油、百里香油、锗油、薄荷醇和马郁兰油。动物芳香剂例如是麝香、海狸香、aber或麝猫香(zibet)。精炼香精(Spagyric essences)也是本领域已知的。它们是通过将某些草药进行发酵,然后加工成最终产品来制备的。合成芳香剂成分是例如合成精油,诸如由单一化合物组成的合成精油,诸如芳樟醇、松油醇、橙花醇、香茅醛、苯甲醛、肉桂醛、香草醛、乙基香草醛或甲基苯乙酮。芳香剂物质也可以是合成的油溶性芳香油,其选自由芳香烃、醇、酮、醛、醚、酯、多烯衍生物组成的常见组。可以使用的其他芳香剂在诸如以下的参考文献和数据库中进行了编目和描述:S.Arctander,Perfume andFlavor Chemicals,第I卷和第II卷(1960,1969;2000年再版);Allured’s Flavor andFragrance Materials(2005);以及由美国芳香剂材料研究所(Research Institute forFragrance Materials)维护的数据库www.rifm.org。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括香料油。合适的香料油包括天然和合成芳香剂的混合物。天然芳香剂是从以下中提取的:花朵(百合、薰衣草、玫瑰、茉莉、橙花、依兰)、茎和叶(天竺葵、广藿香、苦橙叶)、果实(茴香、芫荽、小茴香、杜松)、果皮(佛手柑、柠檬、橙子)、根(肉豆蔻、当归、芹菜、小豆蔻、木香、鸢尾花、菖蒲)、木材(松木、檀香、愈创木、雪松、紫檀)、药草和草(龙蒿、柠檬草、鼠尾草、百里香)、针叶和树枝(云杉、冷杉、松树、矮松)、树脂和香脂(白松香、榄香脂、安息香、没药(myrrh)、乳香、欧泡泡脂(opoponax))。典型的合成芳香剂化合物是酯、醚、醛、酮、醇和烃类型的产品。酯类芳香剂化合物是例如乙酸苄酯、异丁酸苯氧基乙酯、乙酸对叔丁基环己酯、乙酸芳樟酯、乙酸二甲基苄基甲醇酯、乙酸苯乙酯、苯甲酸芳樟酯、甲酸苄酯、乙基-甲基苯基甘氨酸酯、环己基丙酸烯丙酯、丙酸苏合香酯和水杨酸苄酯。醚类包括例如苄基乙基醚,醛类包括例如具有8至18个碳原子的直链烷醛、柠檬醛、香茅醛、香茅氧基乙醛、仙客来醛、羟基香茅醛、铃兰醛和波洁洪醛,并且酮类包括例如紫罗兰酮、α-异甲基紫罗兰酮和甲基柏木酮,醇类包括茴香脑、香茅醇、丁香酚、异丁香酚、香叶醇、芳樟醇、苯乙醇和松油醇,并且烃类主要包括萜烯和香脂。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括挥发性相对低的精油,其主要用作芳香组分,也适合用作香料油,例如鼠尾草油、甘菊油、丁香油、蜂花油、薄荷油、肉桂叶油、椴树花油、杜松子油、香根草油、乳香油、格蓬油(galbanum oil)、金莲花油(labolanum oil)和杂薰衣草油。其他合适的油包括单独或呈混合物的形式的佛手柑油、二氢月桂烯醇、铃兰醛、新铃兰醛、香茅醇、苯乙醇、α-己基肉桂醛、香叶醇、苄基丙酮、仙客来醛、芳樟醇、乙氧基甲氧基环十一烷(boisambrene forte)、降龙涎香醚(ambroxan)、吲哚、二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯(hedione)、sandelice、柠檬油、橘子油、橙油、异戊基羟乙酸烯丙基酯(allyl amyl glycolate)、cyclovertal、薰衣草油、快乐鼠尾草精油(clary sage oil)、β-大马酮、波旁香叶油(geranium oil bourbon)、水杨酸环己酯、甲基雪松酮(Vertofixcoeur)、龙涎酮(iso-E-super)、Fixolide NP、橡苔(evernyl)、γ-甲基紫罗兰酮(iraldeingamma)、苯乙酸、乙酸香叶酯、乙酸苄酯、玫瑰醚(rose oxide)、romilat、依罗酯(irotyl)和2-叔丁基环己基乙基碳酸酯(floramat)。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括防腐剂。如本文所用的术语“防腐剂”是指通过延缓或防止风味、气味、颜色、质地、外观、治疗价值或安全性的恶化来延长剂型的储存期限的剂。防腐剂不需要提供导致部分或完全微生物细胞破坏或丧失能力的致命的、不可逆的作用。杀菌剂、消毒杀菌剂、消毒剂、杀孢子剂、杀病毒剂和杀结核剂提供了这种不可逆的作用模式,有时称为“杀菌”作用。相比之下,防腐剂可以提供可逆的抑制或抑菌作用,因为如果防腐剂被去除,则目标微生物可以恢复繁殖。防腐剂和消毒杀菌剂之间的主要区别主要涉及作用方式(防腐剂阻止生长而不是杀死微生物体)和暴露时间(防腐剂的作用时间为几天到几个月,而消毒杀菌剂的作用时间最多为几分钟)。合适的防腐剂包括但不限于苯氧乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸酯、戊二醇和山梨酸的溶液,以及银络合物。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括着色剂,诸如但不限于颜色,例如白色、黑色、黄色、蓝色、绿色、粉色、红色、橙色、紫色、靛蓝和棕色。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括但不限于通过通常使用溶剂如乙醇或水提取原料(例如动物或植物材料)的一部分而获得的“风味提取物”;通过从花朵、果实、根等或者从整株植物中提取精油而获得的天然香精。用于本文所述的组合物的另外的示例性调味剂可以包括但不限于薄荷醇、留兰香和肉桂、咖啡豆、其他风味剂或芳香剂,诸如水果风味剂(例如樱桃、橙子、葡萄等)、季铵碱。可以使用风味增强剂如酒石酸、柠檬酸、香草醛等来增强风味的效果。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括甜味剂,诸如但不限于一种或多种人工甜味剂、一种或多种天然甜味剂或它们的组合。人工甜味剂包括例如安赛蜜(acesulfame)及其各种盐,诸如钾盐(可作为获得)、阿力甜(alitame)、阿斯巴甜(aspartame)(可作为和获得)、阿斯巴甜-安赛蜜的盐(可作为获得)、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、柚皮苷二氢查尔酮、二氢查耳酮化合物、纽甜(neotame)、环拉酸钠(sodium cyclamate)、糖精及其各种盐,诸如钠盐(可作为Sweet'N获得)、甜叶菊、蔗糖的氯代衍生物如三氯蔗糖(可以作为和获得)和罗汉果苷。天然甜味剂包括例如葡萄糖、右旋糖、转化糖、果糖、蔗糖、甘草甜素;甘草酸单铵(以商标名出售);甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudiana)(甜菊苷)、天然强力甜味剂如罗汉果、多元醇如山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇等。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括碱化剂,诸如但不限于氧化镁、氢氧化铵、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、柠檬酸钠、磷酸三钠和/或磷酸二钠。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括润滑剂/脱模剂,诸如但不限于脂肪酸及其盐、脂肪醇、脂肪酯、脂肪胺、脂肪胺乙酸酯和脂肪酰胺。其他合适的润滑剂可以包括但不限于山嵛酸甘油酯(CompritolTM888)、金属硬脂酸盐(例如,硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸钠)、硬脂酸、氢化植物油(例如,SterotexTM)、滑石、蜡(诸如蜂蜡和巴西棕榈蜡)、二氧化硅、气相二氧化硅、胶体二氧化硅、硬脂酸钙、长链脂肪醇、硼酸、苯甲酸钠和乙酸钠、氯化钠、DL-亮氨酸、聚乙二醇(例如,CarbowaxTM4000和CarbowaxTM6000)、油酸钠、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、月桂基硫酸酯钠、硬脂酰富马酸钠(PruvTM)、月桂基硫酸酯镁、硬脂酸、硬脂醇、矿物油、石蜡、微晶纤维素、甘油、丙二醇以及它们的组合。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括稀释剂,诸如但不限于乳糖USP、乳糖USP(无水)、乳糖USP(喷雾干燥)、淀粉USP、可直接压缩的淀粉、甘露糖醇USP、山梨糖醇、右旋糖一水合物、微晶纤维素NF、磷酸氢钙二水合物NF、蔗糖基稀释剂、糖果糖、一碱式硫酸钙一水合物、硫酸钙二水合物NF、乳酸钙三水合物颗粒NF、葡萄糖结合剂NF(例如,EmdexTM)、右旋糖(例如,CereloseTM)、肌醇、水解谷物固体(诸如MaltronsTM和Mor-RexTM)、直链淀粉、粉状纤维素(例如,ElcemaTM)、碳酸钙、甘氨酸、膨润土、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括油和脂肪,诸如但不限于杏仁油、摩洛哥坚果油、鳄梨油、芥花籽油、腰果油、蓖麻油、可可脂、椰子油、菜籽油、玉米油、棉籽油、葡萄籽油、榛子油、大麻油、羟基化卵磷脂、卵磷脂、亚麻籽油、澳洲坚果油、芒果脂、马尼拉油、蒙古坚果油、橄榄油、棕榈仁油、棕榈油、花生油、山核桃油、紫苏油、松子油、开心果油、罂粟籽油、南瓜籽油、米糠油、红花油、芝麻油、牛油树脂、大豆油、葵花籽油、核桃油和西瓜籽油。可以在PVA壳的填充物中的其他油和脂肪可以包括但不限于鱼油(ω-3),磷虾油(crill oil),动物或植物脂肪(例如呈它们的氢化形式),C12-脂肪酸、C14-脂肪酸、C16-脂肪酸、C18-脂肪酸、C20-脂肪酸和C22-脂肪酸的甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括植物蛋白(诸如向日葵蛋白、大豆蛋白、棉籽蛋白、花生蛋白、葡萄籽蛋白)、乳清蛋白、乳清蛋白分离物、血液蛋白、卵蛋白、丙烯酸化的蛋白、水溶性多糖(诸如海藻酸盐、角叉菜胶、瓜尔胶、琼脂、黄原胶、结冷胶、阿拉伯树胶和相关树胶(印度树胶、刺梧桐胶、黄蓍胶)、果胶)、纤维素的水溶性衍生物:烷基纤维素、羟烷基纤维素和羟烷基烷基纤维素(诸如甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丁基甲基纤维素)、纤维素酯和羟烷基纤维素酯(诸如醋酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素(CAP)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC));羧基烷基纤维素、羧基烷基烷基纤维素、羧基烷基纤维素酯(诸如羧甲基纤维素及其碱金属盐);水溶性合成聚合物,诸如聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酰胺和聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯(PVAP)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、PVY/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和聚巴豆酸(polycrotonicacid);还适合的是邻苯二甲酸化的明胶、明胶琥珀酸酯(gelatin succinate)、交联明胶、虫胶、淀粉的水溶性化学衍生物,,具有以下基团的阳离子改性的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯:例如叔氨基或季氨基,诸如需要时可以被季铵化的二乙基氨基乙基;以及其他类似聚合物;无机填料,诸如镁铝、硅、钛等的氧化物。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括疏水性材料,包括但不限于可消化的长链(C8-C50,尤其是C12-C40)、取代或未取代的烃如天然或合成蜡(诸如蜂蜡、糖蜡(glycowax)、蓖麻蜡和巴西棕榈蜡)、脂肪醇(诸如月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、硬脂醇、鲸蜡醇或优选鲸蜡硬脂醇);脂肪酸,包括但不限于中链脂肪酸(诸如辛酸、癸酸、己酸、月桂酸、油酸、亚油酸)的单甘油二酯、中链甘油三酯、脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸甘油酯(甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯)、氢化脂肪、烃、普通蜡、硬脂酸、硬脂醇以及具有烃骨架的疏水性和亲水性材料。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚亚烷基氧化物、聚丙烯酸、纤维素、纤维素醚、纤维素酯、纤维素酰胺、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚羧酸和盐、乙酸、辛酸、油酸、聚氨基酸或肽、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酰胺、马来酸/丙烯酸的共聚物、包括淀粉和明胶的多糖、天然树胶如黄原胶和角叉菜胶。例如,聚合物可以选自聚丙烯酸酯和水溶性丙烯酸酯共聚物、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、糊精、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、麦芽糖糊精、聚甲基丙烯酸酯及它们的组合,或者选自聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇共聚物和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸/丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、虫胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素乙酸琥珀酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素偏苯三酸酯、纤维素乙酸邻苯二甲酸酯、聚乙烯乙酸邻苯二甲酸酯、PEG-35蓖麻油、辛酰己酰基聚氧乙烯-8甘油酯、二硬脂酸甘油酯以及它们的组合。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括高HLB表面活性剂,诸如但不限于聚山梨醇酯80-聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、聚氧乙烯40氢化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯35蓖麻油、辛酰己酰聚乙二醇甘油酯及它们的组合。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括填充剂,诸如但不限于乳糖、微晶纤维素以及它们的组合。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括天然树胶(例如,天然植物树胶)。合适的天然树胶包括但不限于瓜尔胶、角豆胶、魔芋胶、黄原胶、菌核胶、阿拉伯树胶、纤维素胶(改性或未改性)或它们的组合。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括乳化剂,诸如但不限于PEG-30二聚羟基硬脂酸酯、PEG-4二月桂酸酯、PEG-8二油酸酯、PEG-40脱水山梨糖醇过油酸酯、PEG-7甘油椰油酸酯、PEG-20杏仁甘油酯、PEG-25氢化蓖麻油、甘油硬脂酸酯(和)PEG-100硬脂酸酯、PEG-7橄榄油酸酯、PEG-8油酸酯、PEG-8月桂酸酯、PEG-60杏仁甘油酯、PEG-20甲基葡萄糖倍半硬脂酸酯、PEG-40硬脂酸酯、PEG-100硬脂酸酯、PEG-80脱水山梨糖醇月桂酸酯、硬脂醇聚醚-2、硬脂醇聚醚-12、油醇聚醚-2、鲸蜡醇聚醚-2、月桂醇聚醚-4、油醇聚醚-10、油醇聚醚-10/聚氧乙烯10油醚、鲸蜡醇聚醚-10、异硬脂醇聚醚-20、鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-20、油醇聚醚-20、硬脂醇聚醚-20、硬脂醇聚醚-21、鲸蜡醇聚醚-20、异鲸蜡醇聚醚-20、月桂醇聚醚-23、硬脂醇聚醚-100、甘油硬脂酸柠檬酸酯、甘油硬脂酸酯SE(自乳化)、硬脂酸、硬脂酸盐、聚甘油-3-甲基葡糖二硬脂酸酯或它们的组合。
此外的合适的乳化剂是磷酸酯及其盐,诸如鲸蜡醇磷酸酯(A)、二乙醇胺鲸蜡醇磷酸酯(DEA)、鲸蜡醇磷酸酯钾(K)、鲸蜡硬脂醇硫酸酯钠、甘油油酸酯磷酸酯钠、氢化植物甘油酯类磷酸盐及它们的混合物。此外的合适的乳化剂是脱水山梨糖醇油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯、鲸蜡硬脂基葡糖苷、月桂基葡糖苷、癸基葡糖苷、硬脂酰谷氨酸钠、蔗糖多硬脂酸酯和水合聚异丁烯。此外,一种或多种合成聚合物可以用作乳化剂。例如,PVP二十碳烯共聚物、丙烯酸酯/C10-3o烷基丙烯酸酯交联聚合物、丙烯酸酯/硬脂醇聚醚-20甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、PEG-22/十二烷基甘醇共聚物、PEG-45/十二烷基甘醇共聚物及它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括螯合剂,诸如但不限于乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、N-(羟乙基)-乙二胺三乙酸(HEDTA)和次氮基三乙酸(NTA)。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括脂肪醇,诸如但不限于基于具有6至18个,优选8至10个碳原子的脂肪醇的格尔伯特(guerbet)醇,包括鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、鲸蜡硬脂醇、油醇、辛基十二烷醇、C12-C15醇的苯甲酸酯、乙酰化羊毛脂醇等。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括脂肪酸的酯,诸如但不限于直链C6-C24脂肪酸与直链C3-C24醇的酯、支链C6-C13羧酸与直链C6-C24脂肪醇的酯、直链C6-C24脂肪酸与支链醇(特别是2-乙基己醇)的酯、羟基羧酸与直链或支链C6-C22脂肪醇的酯(特别是苹果酸二辛酯)、直链和/或支链脂肪酸与多元醇(例如,丙二醇、二聚体二醇或三聚体三醇)和/或格尔伯特醇的酯,例如己酸、辛酸、2-乙基己酸、癸酸、月桂酸、异十三烷酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、油酸、反油酸、岩芹酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、桐油酸、花生酸、鳕油酸、山萮酸和芥酸及其工业级混合物(例如在天然脂肪和油的压力去除中、在从Roelen氧化合成中还原醛或在不饱和脂肪酸的二聚化时获得)与醇,例如异丙醇、己醇、辛醇、2-乙基己醇、癸醇、月桂醇、异十三醇、肉豆蔻醇、鲸蜡醇、棕榈醇、硬脂醇、异硬脂醇、油醇、反油醇(elaidyl alcohol)、岩芹醇、亚油醇、亚麻醇、桐醇、花生醇、鳕烯醇、山萮醇、芥醇(erucyl alcohol)和巴惟醇(brassidyl alcohol)及其工业级混合物(例如,在基于来自Roelen氧化合成的脂肪和油或醛的工业级甲酯的高压氢化中获得,并作为不饱和脂肪醇的二聚反应中的单体级分获得)的酯。酯油的另外合适的实例是肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸异丙酯、异硬脂酸异丙酯、油酸异丙酯、硬脂酸正丁酯、月桂酸正己酯、油酸正癸酯、硬脂酸异辛酯、硬脂酸异壬酯、异壬酸异壬酯、2-乙基己基棕榈酸酯、2-己基月桂酸酯、2-己基癸基硬脂酸酯、2-辛基十二烷基棕榈酸酯、油醇油酸酯、油醇芥酸酯、芥醇油酸酯(erucylerucate)、芥醇芥酸酯(erucylerucate)、鲸蜡硬脂醇辛酸酯、鲸蜡醇棕榈酸酯、鲸蜡醇硬脂酸酯、鲸蜡醇油酸酯、鲸蜡醇山嵛酸酯、鲸蜡醇乙酸酯、肉豆蔻醇肉豆蔻酸酯、肉豆蔻醇山嵛酸酯、肉豆蔻醇油酸酯、肉豆蔻醇硬脂酸酯、肉豆蔻醇棕榈酸酯、肉豆蔻醇乳酸酯、丙二醇二辛酸酯/癸酸酯、硬脂醇庚酸酯、二异硬脂醇苹果酸酯、羟基硬脂酸辛酯等。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括其他佐剂,诸如但不限于2,6-萘二甲酸二乙基己酯、己二酸二正丁酯、己二酸二(2-乙基己酯)、琥珀酸二(2-乙基己酯)和壬二酸二异十三烷酯(diisotridecyl acelaat),以及二醇酯,诸如乙二醇二油酸酯、乙二醇二异十三酸酯、丙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)、丙二醇二异硬脂酸酯、丙二醇二壬酸酯、丁二醇二异硬脂酸酯和新戊二醇二辛酸酯。C6-C24脂肪醇和/或格尔伯特醇与饱和和/或不饱和芳族羧酸(尤其是苯甲酸)的酯,C2-C12二羧酸与具有1至22个碳原子的直链或支链醇或具有2至10个碳原子和2至6个羟基的多元醇的酯。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括天然或合成的甘油三酯(包括甘油酯和衍生物),诸如但不限于基于C6-C18脂肪酸、通过与其他醇反应而改性的甘油二酯或甘油三酯(辛酸甘油三酯/癸酸甘油三酯、小麦胚芽甘油酯等)。聚甘油的脂肪酸酯(聚甘油-n,诸如聚甘油-4癸酸酯、聚甘油-2异硬脂酸酯等,或者蓖麻油、氢化植物油、甜杏仁油、小麦胚芽油、芝麻油、氢化棉籽油、椰子油、鳄梨油、玉米油、氢化蓖麻油、乳木果油、可可脂、大豆油、貂油、葵花籽油、红花油、澳洲坚果油、橄榄油、氢化牛脂、杏仁油、榛子油、琉璃苣油等。另外的合适的赋形剂包括蜡,包括长链酸和醇的酯以及具有蜡样性质的化合物,例如巴西棕榈蜡、蜂蜡(白色或黄色)、羊毛脂蜡、小烛树蜡、地蜡(ozokerite)、日本蜡、石蜡、微晶蜡、矿蜡(ceresin)、鲸蜡硬脂醇酯蜡、合成蜂蜡等。还有亲水性蜡,如鲸蜡硬脂醇或偏甘油酯。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括珠光蜡,诸如但不限于亚烷基二醇酯,尤其是乙二醇二硬脂酸酯;脂肪酸烷醇酰胺,尤其是椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺;偏甘油酯,尤其是硬脂酸甘油单酯;多价、未取代或羟基取代的羧酸与具有6至22个碳原子的脂肪醇的酯,尤其是酒石酸的长链酯;脂肪物质(例如脂肪醇、脂肪酮、脂肪醛、脂肪醚和脂肪碳酸酯),其总共具有至少24个碳原子,尤其是月桂基醚和二硬脂基醚;脂肪酸,诸如硬脂酸、羟基硬脂酸或山嵛酸,具有12至22个碳原子的烯烃环氧化物与具有12至22个碳原子的脂肪醇和/或具有2至15个碳原子和2至10个羟基的多元醇的开环产物,以及它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括烃油,诸如但不限于矿物油(轻质或重质)、矿脂(黄色或白色)、微晶蜡、链烷烃和异链烷烃化合物、氢化异链烷烃分子如聚癸烯和聚丁烯、氢化聚异丁烯、角鲨烷、异十六烷、异十二烷和来自植物和动物界的其他物质。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括硅酮或硅氧烷(有机取代的聚硅氧烷),诸如但不限于二甲基聚硅氧烷,甲基苯基聚硅氧烷,环状硅酮以及氨基、脂肪酸、醇、聚醚、环氧、氟、糖苷和/或烷基改性的硅酮化合物,该硅酮化合物在室温下可以是液体或树脂形式。直链聚硅氧烷、二甲硅油(dimethicone)(Dow Corning 200流体,Rhodia Mirasil DM)、二甲硅油醇(dimethiconol)、环状硅酮流体、环戊硅氧烷挥发物(DowCorning 345流体)、苯基三甲硅油(phenyltrimethicone)(Dow Corning 556流体)。还合适的是西甲硅油(simethicone),其是平均链长为200至300个二甲基硅氧烷单元的二甲硅油与氢化硅酸盐的混合物。Todd等人对合适的挥发性硅酮的详细调查另外可以见于Cosm.Toil.91,27(1976)中。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括乳化剂,诸如但不限于羧酸及其盐:钠、钾和铵的碱性皂;钙或镁的金属皂;有机基皂,诸如月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸等。烷基磷酸酯或磷酸酯、酸式磷酸酯、磷酸二乙醇胺、鲸蜡醇磷酸酯钾。乙氧基化羧酸或聚乙二醇酯、PEG-n酰化物。具有8至22个碳原子的直链脂肪醇,其由2至30mol的环氧乙烷和/或0至5mol的环氧丙烷与具有12至22个碳原子的脂肪酸和在烷基中具有8至15个碳原子的烷基酚支化。脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚,诸如月桂醇聚醚-n、鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-n、硬脂醇聚醚-n、油醇聚醚-n。脂肪酸聚乙二醇醚,诸如PEG-n硬脂酸酯、PEG-n油酸酯、PEG-n椰油酸酯。甘油单酯和多元醇酯。1至30mol环氧乙烷与多元醇的加成产物的C12-C22脂肪酸单酯和二酯。脂肪酸和聚甘油酯,诸如单硬脂酸甘油酯、二异硬脂酰聚甘油-3-二异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油-3-二异硬脂酸酯、三甘油二异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油-2-倍半异硬脂酸酯或聚甘油二聚酸酯(polyglyceryl dimerate)。来自多种这些物质类别的化合物的混合物也是合适的。脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯如单硬脂酸二乙二醇酯、脂肪酸和聚乙二醇酯、脂肪酸和蔗糖酯如蔗糖脂肪酸酯(sucro ester)、甘油和蔗糖酯如蔗糖甘油酯(sucro glyceride)。山梨糖醇和脱水山梨糖醇,具有6至22个碳原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪酸的脱水山梨糖醇单酯和二酯,以及环氧乙烷加成产物。聚山梨醇酯-n系列,脱水山梨糖醇酯,诸如倍半异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇、PEG-(6)-异硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯、PEG-(10)-脱水山梨糖醇月桂酸酯、PEG-17-二油酸脱水山梨糖醇酯。葡萄糖衍生物、C8-C22烷基单糖苷和寡糖苷以及优选以葡萄糖作为糖组分的乙氧基化类似物。O/W乳化剂,诸如甲基葡糖醇聚醚-20倍半硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇硬脂酸酯/蔗糖椰油酸酯、甲基葡萄糖倍半硬脂酸酯、鲸蜡硬脂醇/鲸蜡硬脂基葡糖苷。W/O乳化剂,诸如甲基葡萄糖二油酸酯/甲基葡萄糖异硬脂酸酯。硫酸盐和磺化衍生物、二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、二辛基琥珀酸盐、烷基月桂基磺酸盐、直链磺化石蜡、磺化四丙烯磺酸盐、月桂基硫酸酯钠、月桂基硫酸酯铵和月桂基硫酸乙醇胺盐、月桂基醚硫酸盐、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(sodium laureth sulfate)、磺基琥珀酸盐、乙酰基异硫氰酸盐、烷醇酰胺硫酸盐、牛磺酸、甲基牛磺酸、咪唑硫酸盐。聚硅氧烷/聚烷基/聚醚共聚物和衍生物、二甲硅油、共聚醇(copolyol)、硅酮聚亚乙基氧化物共聚物、硅酮二醇共聚物。丙氧基化或POE-n醚(Meroxapols)、泊拉沙姆(Polaxamers)或聚(氧乙烯)m-嵌段-聚(氧丙烯)n-嵌段(氧乙烯)。分子中带有至少一个季铵基团和至少一个羧酸根和/或磺酸根基团的两性离子表面活性剂。特别合适的两性离子表面活性剂是甜菜碱,诸如N-烷基-N,N-二甲基甘氨酸铵、椰油烷基二甲基甘氨酸铵、N-酰基氨基丙基-N,N-二甲基甘氨酸铵、椰油酰基氨基丙基二甲基甘氨酸铵和2-烷基-3-羧甲基-3-羟乙基咪唑啉(各自在烷基或酰基中具有8至18个碳原子),以及椰油酰基氨基乙基羟乙基羧甲基甘氨酸盐、N-烷基甜菜碱、N-烷基氨基甜菜碱。烷基咪唑啉、烷基肽、脂氨基酸(lipoaminoacide)、自乳化基质和如K.F.DePolo,A short textbookof cosmetology,第8章,表8-7,第250-251页中描述的化合物。
合适的非离子基质包括但不限于PEG-6蜂蜡(和)PEG-6硬脂酸酯(和)聚甘油-2-异硬脂酸酯、甘油硬脂酸酯(和)PEG-100硬脂酸酯、PEG-5甘油硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇油酸酯(和)聚甘油-3蓖麻醇酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇硬脂酸酯和蔗糖椰油酸酯、甘油硬脂酸酯和月桂醇聚醚-23、鲸蜡硬脂醇和鲸蜡醇聚醚-20、鲸蜡硬脂醇和聚山梨醇酯60和PEG-150和硬脂酸酯-20、鲸蜡硬脂醇和鲸蜡硬脂基聚葡糖苷、鲸蜡硬脂醇和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-20、鲸蜡硬脂醇和PEG-40蓖麻油、鲸蜡硬脂醇和PEG-40蓖麻油和鲸蜡硬脂醇硫酸酯钠、硬脂醇和硬脂醇聚醚-7和硬脂醇聚醚-10、鲸蜡硬脂醇和硬脂醇聚醚-7和硬脂醇聚醚-10、甘油硬脂酸酯和PEG-75硬脂酸酯、丙二醇鲸蜡醇聚醚-3乙酸酯、丙二醇异鲸蜡醇聚醚-3乙酸酯、鲸蜡硬脂醇和鲸蜡醇聚醚-12和油醇聚醚-12、PEG-6硬脂酸酯和PEG-32硬脂酸酯、PEG-6硬脂酸酯和鲸蜡醇聚醚-20和硬脂醇聚醚-20、PEG-6硬脂酸酯和鲸蜡醇聚醚-20以及甘油硬脂酸酯和硬脂醇聚醚-20、甘油硬脂酸酯和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-20。
合适的阴离子碱性基质包括但不限于PEG-2硬脂酸酯SE、甘油硬脂酸酯SE、丙二醇硬脂酸酯。阴离子酸性基质,诸如鲸蜡硬脂醇和鲸蜡硬脂醇硫酸酯钠、鲸蜡硬脂醇和月桂基硫酸酯钠、三(月桂醇聚醚-4)磷酸酯(trilaneth-4phosphate)和乙二醇硬脂酸酯和PEG-2硬脂酸酯、甘油硬脂酸酯和月桂基硫酸钠。阳离子酸性基质,诸如鲸蜡硬脂醇和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetrimonium bromide)。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括佐剂和添加剂,诸如但不限于表面活性剂、加脂剂(super-fatting agent)、稠度调控剂、增稠剂、聚合物、稳定剂、生物活性成分、溶胀剂、进一步的UV光防护因子、抗氧化剂、水溶助长剂(hydrotropicagent)、防腐剂、自晒黑剂、增溶剂、香料油、着色剂、抑菌剂等。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括加脂剂,诸如但不限于羊毛脂和卵磷脂,以及聚乙氧基化或乙酰化的羊毛脂和卵磷脂衍生物、多元醇脂肪酸酯、甘油单酯和脂肪酸烷醇酰胺,后者同时充当泡沫稳定剂。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括表面活性剂,诸如但不限于脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚硫酸盐、单甘油酯硫酸盐、单烷基磺基琥珀酸盐和/或二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、脂肪酸羟乙基磺酸盐、脂肪酸肌氨酸盐、脂肪酸牛磺酸盐、脂肪酸谷氨酸盐、α-烯烃磺酸盐、醚羧酸、烷基低聚葡糖苷、脂肪酸葡糖酰胺、烷基酰胺基甜菜碱和/或蛋白质脂肪酸缩合产物,后者优选基于小麦蛋白。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括稠度调控剂/增稠剂和流变改性剂,诸如但不限于二氧化硅、硅酸镁、硅酸铝、多糖或其衍生物,例如透明质酸、黄原胶、瓜尔胶、琼脂、海藻酸盐、角叉菜胶、结冷胶、果胶或改性纤维素如羟基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素。此外,聚丙烯酸酯或网状丙烯酸的均聚物和聚丙烯酰胺、卡波姆(carbomer)(CARBOPOL型号980、981、1382、ETD 2001、ETD2020、ULTREZ 10)或SALCARE系列,诸如SALCARE SC80(硬脂醇聚醚-10烯丙醚/丙烯酸酯共聚物)、Salcare SC81(丙烯酸酯共聚物)、Salcare SC91和Salcare AST(丙烯酸钠共聚物/PPG-1十三烷醇聚醚-6)、SEPIGEL 305(聚丙烯酰胺/月桂醇聚醚-7)、SIMULGEL NS和SIMULGEL EG(丙烯酸羟乙酯/丙烯酰二甲基牛磺酸钠共聚物)、STABILEN 30(丙烯酸酯/异癸酸乙烯酯交联聚合物)、PEMULEN TR-1(丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-30烷基酯交联聚合物)、LUVIGEL EM(丙烯酸钠共聚物)、ACULYN 28(丙烯酸酯/山嵛醇聚醚-25甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物)等。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括聚合物,诸如但不限于阴离子、两性离子、两性和非离子聚合物。需要考虑到例如乙酸乙烯酯/巴豆酸共聚物、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/丙烯酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯/马来酸丁酯/丙烯酸异冰片酯共聚物、甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物及其酯、未交联的聚丙烯酸和与多元醇交联的聚丙烯酸、丙烯酰氨基丙基-三甲基氯化铵/丙烯酸酯共聚物、辛基丙烯酰胺/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸叔丁基氨基乙酯/甲基丙烯酸2-羟丙酯共聚物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯/乙烯基己内酰胺三元共聚物以及任选衍生化的纤维素醚和硅酮。此外,可以使用EP1093796(第3-8页,第17-68段)中描述的聚合物。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括抗氧化剂,诸如但不限于氨基酸(例如,甘氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸)及其衍生物、咪唑(例如尿刊酸(urocanic acid))及其衍生物、肽(例如D,L-肌肽、D-肌肽、L-肌肽及其衍生物(例如,鹅肌肽))、类胡萝卜素、胡萝卜素、番茄红素及其衍生物、绿原酸及其衍生物、硫辛酸及其衍生物(例如二氢硫辛酸)、金硫代葡萄糖、丙基硫氧嘧啶和其他硫醇(例如,硫氧还蛋白、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、胱胺及其糖酯、N-乙酰酯、甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、戊酯、丁酯、月桂酯、棕榈酰酯、油烯酯、亚油酯、胆固醇酯和甘油酯)以及其盐、硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯、硫代二丙酸及其衍生物(酯、醚、肽、脂质、核苷酸、核苷和盐)以及亚砜亚胺(sulfoximine)化合物(例如丁硫氨酸亚砜亚胺、高半胱氨酸亚砜亚胺、丁硫氨酸砜、戊硫氨酸亚砜亚胺、己硫氨酸亚砜亚胺、庚硫氨酸亚砜亚胺),以及(金属)螯合剂(例如羟基脂肪酸、棕榈酸、植酸、乳铁蛋白)、羟基酸(例如柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸)、腐殖酸、胆汁酸、胆汁提取物、胆红素、胆绿素、EDTA、EDDS、EGTA及其衍生物、不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物(例如亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸)、叶酸及其衍生物、泛醌和泛醇及其衍生物、维生素C及衍生物(例如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸磷酸镁、抗坏血酸乙酸酯)、生育酚及衍生物(例如维生素E乙酸酯)、维生素A及衍生物(例如维生素A棕榈酸酯)以及安息香树脂的苯甲酸松柏酯、芸香苷酸及其衍生物、糖基芸香苷、阿魏酸、亚糠基葡糖醇、肌肽、丁基羟甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚、去甲二氢愈创木酸、三羟基丁酰苯、尿酸及其衍生物、甘露糖及其衍生物、超氧化物歧化酶、N-[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酰基]磺胺苯酸(及其盐,例如二钠盐)、硒及其衍生物(例如蛋氨酸硒)、二苯乙烯及其衍生物(例如二苯乙烯氧化物、反式二苯乙烯氧化物)以及那些提及的活性成分的根据本发明合适的衍生物(盐、酯、醚、糖、核苷酸、核苷、肽和脂质)。也可以提及HALS(=“受阻胺光稳定剂”)化合物。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括水溶助长剂,诸如但不限于乙氧基化或非乙氧基化的碳原子数较少的一元醇、二元醇或多元醇或它们的醚(例如乙醇、异丙醇、1,2-二丙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、乙二醇、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单乙醚、丙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇单甲醚;二乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单丁醚以及类似产品)。为此目的考虑的多元醇优选具有2至15个碳原子和至少两个羟基。该多元醇可以进一步含有其他官能团,尤其是氨基,并且/或者可以用氮来改性。典型的实例如下:甘油、亚烷基二醇,例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇以及平均分子量为100至1000道尔顿的聚乙二醇;本征缩合度(intrinsic degree of condensation)为1.5至10的工业低聚甘油混合物,例如双甘油含量为40至50重量%的工业双甘油混合物;羟甲基化合物,尤其诸如三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷、季戊四醇和二季戊四醇;低级烷基-葡糖苷,尤其是在烷基中具有1至8个碳原子的那些,例如甲基葡糖苷和丁基葡糖苷;具有5至12个碳原子的糖醇,例如山梨糖醇或甘露糖醇;具有5至12个碳原子的糖,例如葡萄糖或蔗糖;氨基糖,例如葡糖胺;二醇胺,诸如二乙醇胺或2-氨基-1,3-丙二醇。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括防腐剂,诸如但不限于对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、苯扎氯铵、2-溴-2-硝基-丙烷-1,3-二醇、脱氢乙酸、二偶氮烷基脲、2-二氯-苄醇、DMDM乙内酰脲、甲醛溶液、甲基二溴戊二腈(Methyldibromoglutanitrile)、苯氧乙醇、羟甲基甘氨酸钠、咪唑烷基脲、三氯生(Triclosan)以及在以下参考文献中列出的此外的物质类别:K.F.DePolo-A short textbook of cosmetology,第7章,表7-2、7-3、7-4和7-5,第210-219页。
在某些实施方案中,合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括细菌抑制剂,诸如但不限于2,4,4′-三氯-2′-羟基二苯醚、氯己定(1,6-二(4-氯苯基-双胍基)己烷)或TCC(3,4,4′-三氯碳酰替苯胺)。大量的芳族物质和醚油(ethereal oil)也具有抗微生物特性。典型的实例是丁香油、薄荷油和百里香油中的活性成分丁香子酚、薄荷醇和百里酚。关注的天然除臭剂是存在于莱檬花油中的萜烯醇金合欢醇(3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯-1-醇)。甘油单月桂酸酯也被证明是一种抑菌剂。
如本领域技术人员所认识到的,也可以使用其他药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在某些实施方案中,药学上可接受的赋形剂(单独地或累积地)以基于组合物的总重量从约5重量%、约10重量%、约15重量%、约20重量%、约25重量%、约30重量%、约35重量%、约40重量%、约45重量%或约50重量%中的任一者至约55重量%、约60重量%、约65重量%、约70重量%、约75重量%、约80重量%、约85重量%、约90重量%、约95重量%或约99重量%中的任一者的范围或其中的任何子范围或单个值的浓度包含在本文所述的药物组合物、化妆品组合物、药用化妆品组合物、药用营养品组合物、营养品组合物中。
在某些实施方案中,脂质体组合物提供人内皮细胞的细胞衰老的减少。该减少可以是体内或体外的。在某些实施方案中,例如如与对照相比,至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%或至少50%的衰老细胞减少。在某些实施方案中,如与NAD+非脂质体组合物相比,脂质体组合物提供至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%或至少25%的衰老细胞减少。在某些实施方案中,内皮细胞是人主动脉内皮细胞。
在某些实施方案中,脂质体组合物提供人表皮细胞的细胞衰老的减少。该减少可以是体内或体外的。在某些实施方案中,例如如与对照相比,至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%或至少35%的衰老细胞减少。在某些实施方案中,与NAD+非脂质体组合物相比,脂质体组合物提供至少5%、至少10%或至少15%的衰老细胞减少。在某些实施方案中,表皮细胞是人表皮角质细胞。
在某些实施方案中,脂质体组合物提供人内皮细胞的细胞存活率的增加。该增加可以是体内或体外的。在某些实施方案中,该增加为例如与对照相比的至少5%、至少10%、至少15%或至少20%。在某些实施方案中,与NAD+非脂质体组合物相比,脂质体组合物提供至少25%或至少5%的细胞存活率增加。在某些实施方案中,内皮细胞是人主动脉内皮细胞。
在某些实施方案中,脂质体组合物提供人表皮细胞的细胞存活率的增加。该减少可以是体内或体外的。在某些实施方案中,表皮细胞是人表皮角质细胞。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的脂质体配制剂具有增加的穿过人皮肤的渗透性。该渗透性可以是体内或外部模型,诸如perfex vivo模型。在某些实施方案中,该增加为至少约135%、至少约150%、至少约160%、至少约175%或至少约190%,例如如通过针对对照的NCLS得分来测量的。在某些实施方案中,该增加为至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约25%、至少约35%或至少约50%,例如通过针对非脂质体配制剂的NCLS得分来测量的。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物在从约2℃至约30℃、约2℃至约20℃、或约2℃至约10℃的温度下储存。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物的温度为从约2℃至约30℃、约2℃至约20℃、或约2℃至约10℃。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及一种通过在冷藏下运输如本文所述的配制剂来分配该产品的方法,该运输例如通过电力(例如,冷藏单元)、化学(例如,通过冰袋如干冰)、机械手段(例如,通过冷却器)或它们的组合来进行。
稳定性
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物都表现出长期储存稳定性。如本文所述的术语“储存稳定性”是指化学稳定性、物理稳定性和/或微生物稳定性中的一种或多种。
术语“化学稳定性”是指对在储存持续时间后(例如,储存1个月后(t=1)、储存3个月后(t=3)、储存6个月后(t=6)或储存12个月后(t=12))组合物中活性剂的量(或含量)与开始储存前(t=0)的活性剂的量(或含量)相比的变化(例如减少或增加)的评估。在给定的储存持续时间之后组合物中活性剂的量(含量)的较小变化(或无变化)指示给定组合物中活性剂的化学稳定性。可以用合适的HPLC方法来分析活性剂的化学稳定性。
在某些实施方案中,与在储存前(t=0)的组合物中的活性剂的重量相比,本文所述的任何组合物在约2℃至约8℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后维持了大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或约100重量%的活性剂。
在某些实施方案中,与在储存前(t=0)的组合物中的活性剂的重量相比,本文所述的任何组合物在约20℃至约30℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后维持了大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或约100重量%的活性剂。
在某些实施方案中,与在储存前(t=0)的组合物中的活性剂的重量相比,本文所述的任何组合物在约35℃至约45℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后维持了大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或约100重量%的活性剂。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物在从约-80℃至约100℃、从约-50℃至约80℃、从约-20℃至约60℃、从约-5℃至约50℃、从0℃至约45℃、从约2℃至约8℃、从约20℃至约30℃、从约35℃至约45℃的范围内或者为其中的任何子范围或单个值的温度下在范围为从约30%至约50%的相对湿度下储存延长的持续时间(例如,一周、两周、三周、一个月、两个月、三个月、四个月、五个月、六个月、七个月、八个月、九个月、十个月、十一个月、十二个月、十五个月、十八个月、二十一个月或二十四个月,或其中的任何子范围或单个值)后可以表现出上述化学稳定性中的任一种。
术语“物理稳定性”是指对在储存持续时间后(例如,储存1个月后(t=1)、储存3个月后(t=3)、储存6个月后(t=6)或储存12个月后(t=12))组合物的物理特性(诸如但不限于颜色、pH、粘度、均匀性、相分离等)与开始储存前(t=0)的组合物的相同物理特性相比的变化的评估。在给定的储存持续时间后组合物的物理特性的较小变化(或无变化)指示给定组合物的物理稳定性。根据所测试的特性,可以使用多种方法来分析组合物的物理稳定性。例如,可以利用pH探针来评估组合物在各种时间点的pH。在另一个实例中,可以使用粘度计来评估组合物在各种时间的粘度。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物在约2℃至约8℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后维持了在从约4至约9、从约5.5至约8.5、或从约6至约7的范围内的pH。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物在约20℃至约30℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后维持了在从约4至约9、从约5.5至约8.5、或从约6至约7的范围内的pH。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物在约35℃至约45℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间之后维持了在从约4至约9、从约5.5至约8.5、或从约6至约7的范围内的pH。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物在从约-80℃至约100℃、从约-50℃至约80℃、从约-20℃至约60℃、从约-5℃至约50℃、从0℃至约45℃、从约2℃至约8℃、从约20℃至约30℃、从约35℃至约45℃的范围内或者为其中的任何子范围或单个值的温度下在范围为从约30%至约50%的相对湿度下储存延长的持续时间(例如,一周、两周、三周、一个月、两个月、三个月、四个月、五个月、六个月、七个月、八个月、九个月、十个月、十一个月、十二个月、十五个月、十八个月、二十一个月或二十四个月,或其中的任何子范围或单个值)后可以表现出物理稳定性。
术语“微生物稳定性”是指在储存持续时间后(例如,储存1个月后(t=1)、储存3个月后(t=3)、储存6个月后(t=6)或储存12个月后(t=12))组合物中的微生物含量与开始储存前(t=0)的组合物中的微生物含量相比的变化,例如增加或减少。在给定的储存持续时间之后组合物的微生物含量的减少(或无变化)指示给定组合物的微生物稳定性。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的任何组合物在从约-80℃至约100℃、从约-50℃至约80℃、从约-20℃至约60℃、从约-5℃至约50℃、从0℃至约45℃、从约2℃至约8℃、从约20℃至约30℃、从约35℃至约45℃的范围内或者为其中的任何子范围或单个值的温度下在范围为从约30%至约50%的相对湿度下储存延长的持续时间(例如,一周、两周、三周、一个月、两个月、三个月、四个月、五个月、六个月、七个月、八个月、九个月、十个月、十一个月、十二个月、十五个月、十八个月、二十一个月或二十四个月,或其中的任何子范围或单个值)后可以表现出微生物稳定性。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及一种用于稳定活性剂的方法,该活性剂选自烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸加氢(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,本公开涉及一种用于稳定NAD+的方法。
在某些实施方案中,该方法包括将上文所述的任何活性剂(诸如但不限于NAD+)包封在脂质体中。在某些实施方案中,将上文所述的任何活性剂(诸如但不限于NAD+)包封在脂质体中提供了在各种温度下表现出长期储存稳定性的脂质体组合物。在某些实施方案中,长期是指从约一周、约两周、约三周、约一个月、约两个月、约三个月、约四个月、约五个月或约六个月中的任一者至约七个月、约八个月、约九个月、约十个月、约十一个月、约十二个月、约十五个月、约十八个月、约二十一个月或约二十四个月中的任一者的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的期限。在某些实施方案中,储存稳定性是指化学稳定性、物理稳定性和/或微生物稳定性中的一种或多种。在某些实施方案中,各种温度是指从约-80℃至约100℃、从约-50℃至约80℃、从约-20℃至约60℃、从约-5℃至约50℃、从0℃至约45℃、从约2℃至约8℃、从约20℃至约30℃、从约35℃至约45℃的范围,或其中的任何子范围或单个值的温度。
制备方法
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及一种制备本文所述的任何组合物的方法。在某些实施方案中,该方法包括形成包含活性剂和溶剂的溶液。
在某些实施方案中,活性剂可以选自烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸加氢(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,活性剂可以是NAD+。
在某些实施方案中,溶剂可以包括但不限于醇、水或它们的混合物。在某些实施方案中,溶剂包括选自以下的醇:乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、甘油、乙二醇、乙二醇单乙基、单丁基醚、丙二醇单甲基、丙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、丁二醇、戊二醇、山梨糖醇或它们的混合物。在某些实施方案中,溶剂包括水、甘油和戊二醇。
在某些实施方案中,形成包含活性剂和溶剂的溶液包括将活性剂与第一溶剂混合,任选地添加pH调节剂,随后添加第二溶剂。在示例性实施方案中,将活性剂与甘油水溶液混合,随后添加pH调节剂(例如,氢氧化钠),随后添加戊二醇。
在某些实施方案中,该方法进一步可包括将脂质体基质组合(例如,添加和混合)到活性剂溶液中以将活性剂包封到脂质体中。在某些实施方案中,脂质体基质可以包含任何前述的囊泡形成脂质(诸如但不限于卵磷脂)、一种或多种前述的溶剂(诸如但不限于甘油、水、戊二醇或它们的混合物)、任选的pH调节剂(诸如但不限于氢氧化钠)和任选的抗氧化剂(诸如但不限于生育酚)。
在某些实施方案中,该方法进一步包括通过添加pH调节剂(诸如氢氧化钠)来调节组合物的pH。
在某些实施方案中,本公开可以涉及一种制备药物组合物、化妆品组合物、药用化妆品组合物、药用营养品组合物或营养品组合物的方法。术语“药物组合物”是指被制造用于医疗目的的组合物。术语“药用化妆品组合物”是指经科学证明具有药用特性的化妆品组合物。术语“化妆品组合物”是指可维持、保护、清洁、增加香味、改变外观等而不穿透皮肤或改变皮肤功能的组合物。术语“药用营养品组合物”是指除了用于营养之外还可用于药用目的的组合物。术语“营养品组合物”是指旨在通过提供另外的营养物来补充受试者饮食的补充剂。
在某些实施方案中,这些组合物中的任何一种都可以通过将包封在脂质体中的活性剂与一种或多种适合于形成某种组合物(例如,药物组合物、化妆品组合物、药用化妆品组合物、药用营养品组合物或营养品组合物)的另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂(诸如上文详述的或本领域技术人员理解的那些赋形剂)组合来制备。
在某些实施方案中,本公开可以涉及一种通过将包封在脂质体中的活性剂与一种或多种另外的药学上可接受的合适赋形剂组合来制备局部用组合物的方法,其中该活性剂选自烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸加氢(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)或它们的混合物,优选地其中该活性剂是NAD+。
示例性局部用组合物可以呈浆液、乳剂、乳膏、泡沫剂、喷雾剂、软膏剂、凝胶、洗剂的形式,或者是垫剂或滚涂式配制剂。本文也考虑了如本领域技术人员所了解的局部用组合物的其他合适形式。
在某些实施方案中,本公开可以涉及一种通过将包封在脂质体中的活性剂与一种或多种另外的药学上可接受的合适赋形剂组合来制备经口用组合物的方法,其中该活性剂选自烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸加氢(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)或它们的混合物,优选地其中该活性剂是NAD+。
示例性经口用组合物可以呈片剂、胶囊、囊片、锭剂、糖锭剂、咀嚼片、胶剂(gum)、胶状剂(gummy)、糖浆剂、液体溶液、混悬剂、乳剂、颊膜剂、舌下膜剂、口腔粘附膜、粉末、固体晶体、经口崩解片、糊剂、口腔乳膏、口腔凝胶或口腔软膏的形式。本文也考虑了如本领域技术人员所了解的经口用组合物的其他合适形式。
在某些实施方案中,本公开可以涉及一种通过将包封在脂质体中的活性剂与一种或多种另外的药学上可接受的合适赋形剂组合来制备肠胃外组合物的方法,其中该活性剂选自烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸加氢(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)或它们的混合物,优选地其中该活性剂是NAD+。
本文所述的各种组合物可以被配制成具有活性剂的定制释放曲线,诸如但不限于立即释放曲线、受控释放曲线、延迟释放曲线、肠溶释放曲线、零级释放曲线、一级释放曲线、脉动释放曲线、在身体内某个位置(例如胃肠道内的目标位置)中的靶向释放等。
治疗方法
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及一种通过向有需要的受试者施用本文所述的任何组合物(其包含包封NAD、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物,优选NAD+的脂质体)来治疗受试者的疾患的方法。该施用可以是经口用组合物的经口施用、局部用组合物的局部施用或可注射组合物的肠胃外施用。
在某些实施方案中,可以针对以下中的一者或多者对受试者进行治疗:皮肤紧致度丧失、皮肤厚度减小、细纹、皱纹、弹性丧失、松垂、干燥、老年斑、周转率降低、异常脱屑、真皮中细胞外基质的密度降低和解裂以及其他组织学变化、皮肤粗糙度、皮肤光滑度、亮度、光泽、UV损伤、自由基损伤、辐射损伤、污染损伤、来自环境毒素或刺激物或过敏原的损伤、皮肤色调、饱经风霜的外观、变黄、皮肤毛孔变得不太明显、色素沉着过度、疤痕、皮肤表面不平整、酒渣鼻、外源性湿疹、痤疮、牛皮癣、皮肤的再生和更新过程、发红、鱼鳞病、缺乏触觉光滑度、缺乏视觉光滑度、缺乏柔软度、缺乏发光度、缺乏光泽、皮肤纹理、鱼尾纹、鼻褶、皮肤变色、干皱的皮肤纹理、皮肤弹性降低或其他损伤性皮肤状况。
在某些实施方案中,可以针对以下中的一者或多者对受试者进行治疗:疲劳(例如,慢性疲劳综合征)、神经认知困难、睡眠障碍、运动后不适、头痛、肌肉无力、关节痛、肌痛、过敏、淋巴结肿胀和触痛、抑郁和其他应激相关疾患或可能受益于调控细胞能量代谢的疾患。
在某些实施方案中,该方法可包括定期施用本文所述的任何组合物,持续从约1周至约52周、约2周至约40周、约4周至约20周、约8周至约16周的范围,或其中的任何单个值或子范围的持续时间。在某些实施方案中,该方法可包括定期施用本文所述的任何组合物,持续至少1周、至少2周、至少4周、至少8周、至少12周、至少16周、至少20周或至少24周的持续时间。在某些实施方案中,该方法可包括定期施用本文所述的任何组合物,持续至多10年、至多8年、至多5年、至多3年、至多2年、至多1年、至多9个月、至多6个月或至多3个月的持续时间。
在某些实施方案中,施用可以在从每月一次到每天4次、从每两周一次到每天两次、或从每周一次到每天一次的范围内,或者为其中的任何单个值或子范围(诸如但不限于每天两次、每天三次、每两天一次、每三天一次等)。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的组合物的定期施用表现出以下中的一者或多者的实际的或感觉到的改善:皮肤紧致度丧失、皮肤厚度减小、细纹、皱纹、弹性丧失、松垂、干燥、老年斑、周转率降低、异常脱屑、真皮中细胞外基质的密度降低和解裂以及其他组织学变化、皮肤粗糙度、皮肤光滑度、亮度、光泽、UV损伤、自由基损伤、辐射损伤、污染损伤、来自环境毒素或刺激物或过敏原的损伤、皮肤色调、饱经风霜的外观、变黄、皮肤毛孔变得不太明显、色素沉着过度、疤痕、皮肤表面不平整、酒渣鼻、外源性湿疹、痤疮、牛皮癣、皮肤的再生和更新过程、发红、鱼鳞病、缺乏触觉光滑度、缺乏视觉光滑度、缺乏柔软度、缺乏发光度、缺乏光泽、皮肤纹理、鱼尾纹、鼻褶、皮肤变色、干皱的皮肤纹理、皮肤弹性降低或其他损伤性皮肤状况。
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的组合物的定期施用表现出以下中的一者或多者的实际的或感觉到的改善:疲劳(例如,慢性疲劳综合征)、神经认知困难、睡眠障碍、运动后不适、头痛、肌肉无力、关节痛、肌痛、过敏、淋巴结肿胀和触痛、抑郁和其他应激相关疾患或可能受益于调控细胞能量代谢的疾患。
在某些实施方案中,施用局部用组合物包括将局部用组合物施用到患者的皮肤表面。关于所公开的局部用组合物或使用所公开的局部用组合物的方法的术语“施涂(application/apply/applying)”是指将局部用组合物施用到患者皮肤的任何方式,在医学或美容学实践中,该方式将组合物递送到患者的皮肤表面。在有或没有合适装置的帮助下涂抹、擦涂、铺涂、喷涂所公开的局部用组合物在患者皮肤上均包括在如本文中所用的术语“施涂(application)”的范围之内。关于所公开的配制剂的施用或施涂的术语“局部”或“局部地”是指表皮施用或施涂,或施用到皮肤上。
在某些实施方案中,施用经口用组合物包括摄入经口用组合物,吸入经口用组合物,将经口用组合物施涂于患者的口腔中,或将经口用组合物置于患者的口腔中。
在某些实施方案中,向患者施用肠胃外组合物包括将组合物注射到患者的肌肉(肌内施用)、注射到患者的静脉(静脉内施用),或注射到患者的皮下(皮下施用)。
说明性实施例
以下实施例是为了帮助理解本发明而阐述的,并且当然不应被解释为特别限制本文描述和要求保护的本发明。本发明的此类变型(包括在本领域技术人员理解能力范围内的所有现在已知的或后来发展的等同物的替代以及配制剂中的变化或实验设计上的微小变化)均被视为落在并入本文中的本发明的范围内。
实施例1-不含防腐剂的自保存的NAD+在甘油/水中的脂质体浓缩物
在批料制备物1中制备根据本公开的实施方案的NAD+在甘油/水中的脂质体浓缩物。批料制备物1具有下表所示的浓度。
批料制备物1具有流体外观和米色混浊颜色。批料制备物1在25℃下的pH值范围为5.5-7(根据SOP方法0009),在20℃下的密度(根据SOP方法0007)为1.175-1.195g/cm3,在20℃下的折射率(根据SOP方法0008)为1.435-1.455,水含量(根据SOP方法0025)范围为21.0-25.0重量%。在评估来自批料制备物1的样品在10%水中的溶解度时,溶液是浑浊的。在评估来自批料制备物1的样品在IPA中的溶解度时,它析出沉淀。批料制备物1的需氧嗜温细菌(根据SOP方法0216)为最多100cfu/g。批料制备物1的酵母和霉菌(根据SOP方法0217)为最多50cfu/g。批料制备物1的大肠杆菌(根据SOP方法0254)呈阴性。
根据下面详述的工艺制备100kg的批料,称为“批料制备物1”(具有在上表中概述为制备物2的组成)。
所有的成分/组分都经预冷却。此后,将68.8kg的85%甘油溶液装入搅拌釜中,随后添加5.0kg的NAD+,随后混合15分钟,随后添加3.0kg的10% NaOH溶液,随后短暂混合,随后添加3.0kg的戊二醇,随后短暂混合,随后添加20.0kg的NatipideTM Eco,随后混合15分钟,随后用NaOH将pH调节至pH 6.5。将批料制备物1储存在2-8℃下,直到稳定性研究开始。
实施例2–稳定性研究
如下制备三批制备物:
o批料制备物1-根据实施例1制备的脂质体(含5% NAD+的甘油+水)
o批料制备物2–在未形成脂质体的情况下的5% NAD+在甘油+水中的混合物
o批料制备物3–含5% NAD+的水,其含防腐剂(0.15%山梨酸钾和0.3%苯甲酸钠),用NaOH将pH调节至4.2,且不含任何另外的组分
将每个批料制备物的样品在以下温度下储存:
o冰箱在4℃-8℃下
o室温(RT)在约21℃-25℃下
o烘箱在约40℃下
在以下储存持续时间点后分析处于该温度中的每个温度下的每个批料制备物的样品:
o T=0(储存开始前)
o T=1(储存一个月后)
o T=3(储存三个月后)
o T=6(储存六个月后)
o T=12(储存十二个月后)
稳定性研究是在没有湿度控制的情况下进行的,并且各种储存条件下的湿度范围为约30%至约50%。
在每个时间点,分析样品以通过对照基线规格测量NAD+活性成分(assay)(含量)来评估样品的化学稳定性。用定制的HPLC方法来测量NAD+含量。在每个时间点,分析样品以通过评估特性(诸如外观、颜色、气味和pH中的一种或多种)来评估样品的物理稳定性。
还在T=0、T=1、T=3、T=6和T=12时分析了批料制备物1在6℃、室温和40℃下的物理特性。结果汇总在下表中。
发现,尽管活性物质暴露于另外的赋形剂并且可能由于脂质体制备物而发生降解,但批料1具有与批料2相似的数据。此外,发现为了获得最佳稳定性,NAD+应该低温保存,例如在约6℃下保存。这一点值得注意,因为市场上包含NAD+的化妆品并不是在低温下处理和储存的。相反,这些化妆品在室温下储存。
进行了另外的测试来检查在不同浓度和变化的温度下配制剂的NAD+脂质体含量。通过这项测试,可以确保最终的化妆品可以保存更长的时间。
配制剂1被制备成使得NAD+脂质体含量为1%。配制剂2被制备成使得NAD+脂质体含量为5%。在不同时间点测量NAD+脂质体的量。结果如下表所示。
根据本研究,已发现,具有1%和5%的配制剂在6℃和室温下具有相似的稳定性结果,两者在20℃下稳定最少3个月,并且在6℃下稳定最少6个月。
渗透性研究
使用冷冻的人皮肤外植体Perfex vivo进行渗透性研究以通过红外光谱法评估两种配制剂穿过人皮肤的穿透性。使用含5% NAD+的甘油和水在不存在脂质体的情况下制备配制剂A,并且使用5%NAD+脂质体浓缩物制备配制剂B。
该研究被设计为分三个连续阶段进行。在阶段1中,进行了可行性研究。在可行性研究期间,确定了配制剂A和B的光谱特征,以确保可以通过红外测定检测特定于所分析分子的峰。如果结果为阴性,则研究结束。在阶段2中,进行了初步测试,以测试24小时后配制剂穿过人皮肤Perfex vivo的穿透性。如果在皮肤中未检测到配制剂,则研究结束。在阶段3中,进行完整的穿透性测试。
所测试的两种配制剂如下所示。在配制剂A中,NAD+的浓度为5%。在研究之前、之中和之后,将配制剂储存在4℃下。
配制剂 | 身份 | 参考 | 批料 | 外观 |
A(P1) | NAD+ | 740103.00.0 | 4648 4600 | 粉末 |
B(P2) | NAD+脂质体 | 410240.00.2 | 119 572 | 不透明液体 |
为了制备用于测试的配制剂A,将其以5%的浓度溶解在无菌蒸馏水中。配制剂B以其纯形式被测试。
为了制备Perfex vivo外植体,从来自29岁高加索女性(参考号:P2389-AB29)的腹部整形术(abdoplasty)中制备13个直径为38mm的圆形皮肤外植体,该女性具有II型光型,无妊娠纹且无毛发。将该外植体保持在特别设计的支撑物上,该支撑物由上面覆盖有网格的培养基储器构成,皮肤在该网格上被拉伸。皮肤支撑物通过流体回路连接到第二个培养基储器,该储器储存在37℃(高RH%+5% CO2的培养箱中。通过蠕动泵确保培养基的循环。
将Perfex vivo外植体分成如下3个批料:
批料 | 名称 | 处理 | 外植体数目 | 取样时间 |
T | 未经处理的对照 | / | 1 | 第1天(T24h) |
P1 | 无菌蒸馏水中5%的配制剂A | P1 | 1 | 第1天(T24h) |
P2 | 100%纯的配制剂B | B | 1 | 第1天(T24h) |
*由于Perfex vivo外植体的直径大,将每个外植体的皮肤取样分成3个平行测定。
在第0天(D0),在每个外植体9μL(2μL/cm2)的基础上局部施涂所测试产品P1和P2,并使用小刮刀涂抹。对照T不接受任何处理。
在D1,收集批料T0的3个外植体并且将其切成三个部分。将四分之一固定在缓冲福尔马林溶液中,并且将四分之一在-80℃下冷冻用于组织学分析,并将另一半保存在-80℃下用于拉曼光谱分析。在D1,从相关批料中收集3个外植体,并以与D0相同的方式对这些外植体进行处理。在D1,对每个批料的外植体取样。将每个Perfex vivo外植体在-80℃下冷冻。将每个外植体连续切成六个部分。如图1所指示,将三个部分储存在-80℃下,并将三个部分在-80℃下冷冻用于低温切片。
制备外植体切片用于组织学加工。为了制备此切片,使用Leica RM 2125Minot型切片机制作10μm厚的切片,并将切片安装在CaF2特定支撑物上以用于红外光谱成像分析。
还执行了采集参数的红外。为了优化采集参数,使用聚光灯400(Perkin Elmer)进行数据收集。测试了不同的采集参数,以适应所研究的皮肤切片:
-光谱范围:750-4000cm-1
-光谱分辨率:4cm-1光谱分辨率
-像素大小(空间分辨率):6.25*6.25μm2
-高光谱图像中的平均光谱数15000个光谱
-高光谱图像的平均表面:500 000μm2(0.5mm2)
-每张高光谱FTIR图像的平均采集时间:12小时
收集了配制剂P1和P2的六个参考光谱。还进行了FTIR信号预加工和加工。进行了经典的数据预加工(大气校正、信噪比评估、平滑、基线校正和归一化)。
-大气校正能够消除来自光谱图像中的每个光谱的大气H2O和CO2的影响
-信噪比评估能够消除从皮肤切片外部收集到的光谱
-平滑由具有12点窗口的四次多项式Savitzky-Golay算法组成
-基线去除:使用多项式函数来校正基线
-归一化:所有光谱都基于2800与3000cm-1之间的CH拉伸谱带的积分AUC进行归一化
本研究使用Matlab(Matworks)并开发了内部数据加工程序。应用单变量和多变量数据分析,以检测并跟踪表皮中的“P1”和“P2”。对于半定量评估,提取高光谱图像的所有数据,并对来自感兴趣的区的值进行平均并计算标准偏差。在本研究中,“SD”是指标准偏差,“D”和“J”是指天。应注意,“J”表示“天”,这是图中使用的表示天的法语单词。
阶段1:通过红外光谱分析配制剂P1和P2,以确定它们的分子特征并确定待用于跟踪穿过皮肤的穿透性的化学示踪物(峰)。图2是配制剂P1和P2的FTIR光谱。在图2中,约1030cm-1处的谱带呈现出活性成分光谱中的最高强度,并选择该谱带以跟踪该产品到皮肤中的穿透性。当观察图2中的光谱时,可以观察到活性成分和脂质体在高波数区域中都有贡献。产品“P2”呈现出2930cm-1处的谱带,并因此可能与脂质体相关。此峰也被用于跟踪该产品到皮肤中的穿透性。
阶段2和3:进行1030cm-1谱带的分析。描绘批料TJ1、P1J1和P2J1在1030cm-1附近的谱带的AUC变化的FTIR化学图像示于图3中。在第1天,对于对照批料,在角质层和表皮上都检测到1030cm-1处的谱带的非常微弱的信号。对于批料P1J1,在角质层中观察到1030cm-1附近的谱带的微弱信号,并且在表皮中观察到非常微弱的信号。对于批料P2J1,在角质层中观察到cm-1附近的谱带的相当清晰的信号,并且在表皮中观察到中等信号。
还进行了2930cm-1谱带的分析。CH2拉伸谱带(2930cm-1)经常用作脂质描述符(descriptor),并且CH3拉伸谱带(2960cm-1)用作蛋白质描述符。由于配制剂P2在2930cm-1处显示出光谱带,因此在本研究中使用通常用于跟踪脂质与蛋白质比率的比率2930/2960cm-1来检测活性成分和脂质体在高光谱图像的每个像素中的贡献。描绘2930/2960cm-1比率的变化的化学图像示于图4中。由于角质层中的脂质含量高,2930/2960cm-1比率的分析仅在能存活表皮和乳头状真皮层中实现。在第1天,对于对照TJ1,比率2930/2960cm-1在表皮中较弱,且在乳头状真皮层中非常弱。在第1天,对于批料P1J1,比率2930/2960cm-1在表皮中较弱,且在乳头状真皮层中非常弱。在第1天,对于批料P2J2,比率2930/2960cm-1在表皮中适中,且在乳头状真皮层中较弱。
具有非负性约束的经典最小二乘(CLS)拟合:对于第三次分析时的光谱拟合,实现了非负性约束的经典最小二乘(NCLS)分析。这是一种光谱解混方法,其旨在根据所测量到的这些特征的线性混合来估计已知光谱信号的浓度(或丰度分数)。该方法的独创性在于,它在经典的最小二乘程序中增加了对浓度的正性约束。文献中报告了计算细节(2009,Tfayli等人)。NCLS拟合估计高光谱图像中每个光谱内的参考光谱的贡献百分比。鉴于皮肤和主要活性成分之间的一些光谱特征重叠,通常在对照样品中存在一些贡献百分比较小的像素。对于图像的每个像素,使用CLS算法单独估计参考光谱的正丰度分数。每个批料的活性成分特征的贡献得分示于图5中。
在第1天,对于空白批料TJ1,观察到活性成分对空白批料光谱的贡献非常微弱。对于批料P1J1,NCLS得分中等。对于批料P2J1,NCLS得分相当清晰。
NCLS得分的分析:NCLS得分的分析允许半定量活性物到皮肤中的穿透性。然后可以确定批料P1和P2之间活性成分穿透性的变化百分比。
不同批料的NCLS得分如下所示:
TJ1 | P1J1 | P2J1 | |
平均值 | 0.052683 | 0.117525 | 0.153203 |
SEM | 0.0062 | 0.004535 | 0.003135 |
不同批料的NCLS得分也呈现在图6中。对于空白批料TJ1,NCLS得分等于0.050607。将产品施涂对NCLS得分的影响与空白批料TJ1进行比较。配制剂P1导致显著增加123%。配制剂P2导致显著增加191%。当与批料P1J1相比时,配制剂P2诱导了30%的显著增加。因此,当与配制剂P1相比时,配制剂P2诱导了活性成分穿透性显著增加了30%。
根据上述的实验条件:配制剂A(NAD+,参考号740103.00.0,5%在无菌蒸馏水中)(P1)和NAD+-脂质体定制开发物(P2)的穿透性通过跟踪约1030cm-1处的谱带、2930cm-1处的谱带并通过用红外光谱分析NCLS得分来进行评估。由于皮肤表面下约1030cm-1处的谱带,高光谱图像能够检测到活性成分。活性成分的存在在用“P2”处理的皮肤切片上更加明显,表明与配制剂A(NAD+,参考号740103.00.0,5%)(P1)相比,产品NAD+-脂质体定制开发物(P2)的穿透性更好。对NCLS得分(高光谱图像中每个光谱内活性成分光谱的贡献百分比)的分析确定,产品NAD+-脂质体定制开发物(P2)诱导了活性成分A(NAD+,参考号740103.00)显著增加了30%**。这些结果表明,产品P2中存在的脂质体有利于NAD+穿透到皮肤中。应注意,**理解为p<0.01(99%)。
细胞存活率和衰老研究
进行了一项研究以测试NAD+脂质体配制剂对原代人角质细胞和内皮细胞中的细胞存活、NAD+细胞内递送和细胞衰老的功效。
材料和方法:
细胞培养物
原代人主动脉内皮细胞(HAEC)和人表皮角质细胞(HEKa)购自瑞士巴塞尔龙沙(Lonza,Basel,Switzerland)。对于HAEC和HEKa,分别使粘附细胞在纤连蛋白包被的75cm2烧瓶中在内皮生长培养基(EGM-2,Lonza)或真皮基底细胞培养基(DCBM,Lonza)中生长至汇合。培养基补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)。
蛋白质印迹和细胞存活率测定
通过使用Tripsin/EDTA分离细胞,并将其重新接种在6孔板(180,000/孔)中。使细胞生长至80%汇合,并使该细胞在含有0.5% FBS的培养基中静止24h。接下来,用不同浓度(1:1、1:2或1:3)的NAD+200μM或含NAD+的脂质体基质(LIPONAD)处理细胞24小时。此后,收集上清液,并用含有Tris 50mM、NaCl 150mM、EDTA 1mM、NaF 1mM、DTT 1mM、抑肽酶10mg/mL、亮抑肽酶10mg/mL、Na3VO4 0.1mM、苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)1mM和NP-40 0.5%的裂解缓冲液处理细胞。根据制造商的建议(Bio-Rad Laboratories AG,Fribourg,Switzerland)确定蛋白质浓度。在10% SDS–PAGE上分离约20-30μg总蛋白质裂解物,之后使用湿转移方法(Bio-Rad)将该总蛋白质裂解物转移到聚偏二氟乙烯膜中。将膜与抗SIRT1的一抗(1:1000,Abcam,Cambridge,UK)一起在振荡器上于4℃下温育过夜。随后与二抗(抗小鼠1:2000,Southern Biotechnology,Birmingham,AL,USA)一起的温育在室温下进行1h。进行光密度分析(Amersham Imager 600,GE Healthcare Europe GmbH,Glattbrugg,Switzerland),并且将蛋白质表达针对GAPDH作归一化。通过比色测定(Roce Diagnostics GmBH,Mannheim,Germany)测量乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放。在酶标仪(Tecan,Switzerland)中使用490nm波长(参考>600nm)测量吸光度。将吸光度值针对通过用1% TritonX-100处理获得的最大释放作归一化。细胞存活率被定义为(100-细胞死亡%),将其针对对照作归一化。
细胞衰老测定
通过使用Tripsin/EDTA分离细胞,并将其重新接种在2孔载玻片(100,000/孔)中。此后,用NAD+200μM或NAD+200μM+LIPONAD 1:3处理细胞48小时。通过对衰老相关的β-半乳糖苷酶(SABG)(Merck KGaA,Darmstadt,Germany)进行染色来显示衰老细胞。使用显微镜对每个载玻片的四个视野中的阳性染色细胞的百分比进行计数,并将其针对对照作归一化。
统计学分析
数值以平均值±SEM表示。I型错误概率的显著性阈值设置为<0.05。使用未配对t检验对两组进行比较。多组之间的比较使用ANOVA检验和Tukey事后分析进行。
结果:观察到,与对照(+19.5%;95% C.I.6.8–32.3%)和单独的NAD+(+4.3%;95% C.I.1.2–7.4%)相比,用LIPONAD 1:3处理的HAEC中的细胞存活率显著增加。这在图7中示出。相反,在HEKa中观察到非显著增加。
NAD–细胞内递送
通过诱导SIRT1表达来测量NAD+的细胞内递送。无论是在HAEC还是在HEKA中,在经处理的细胞和未处理的细胞之间都没有观察到SIRT1表达的显著增加。另外的测试正在进行中,借此通过ELISA而不是蛋白质印迹来测定SIRT1的表达。
细胞衰老
在用LIPONAD 1:3处理的HAEC和HEKa中都观察到衰老细胞的数目显著减少。特别是,与对照相比,HAEC的衰老细胞的数目平均减少了51.3%(95% C.I.3.9–63.9%),而HEKA的衰老细胞的数目平均减少了36.6%(95% C.I.1.6–66.3%)(图2a和图3a)。与单独的NAD+相比,HAEC和HEKa的平均减少分别为28.7%(95% C.I.9.4–33.9%)和15.4%(95%C.I.4.9–24.3%)。这可在图8和图9中看到。
这些结果表明,NAD+的脂质体配制剂(LIPONAD)在减少培养的人内皮细胞和表皮细胞的细胞衰老方面优于单独的NAD+。同时,该脂质体制剂在增加培养的人内皮细胞的细胞存活率方面优于单独的NAD+。
基于实验结果和从转化的角度来看,据信,用NAD+LIPONAD进行的治疗在减缓皮肤老化方面优于单独的NAD+。特别地,对内皮细胞的结果表明NAD+LIPONAD改善了皮肤微循环的功能,这是皮肤趋向性和皮肤色调的关键因素。
为了简化解释,本公开的方法的实施方案被描绘和描述为一系列动作。然而,根据本公开的动作可以以各种顺序发生和/或同时发生,并且可以与本文中未呈现和描述的其他动作一起发生。此外,并非需要所有图示的动作来实现根据所公开的主题的方法。此外,本领域的技术人员将理解和认识到,这些方法可以替代地通过状态图或事件来表示为一系列相关的状态。
在前面的描述中,阐述了许多具体细节,诸如具体材料、尺寸、工艺参数等,以提供对本发明的全面理解。特定特征、结构、材料或特性可以在一个或多个实施方案中以任何合适的方式组合。词语“实例”或“示例性”在本文中用于意指充当实例、例子或例证。在本文中被描述为“实例”或“示例性”的任何方面或设计不一定被解读为与其他方面或设计相比是优选的或有利的。相反,词语“实例”或“示例性”的使用意图以具体方式呈现概念。如本申请中所用,术语“或”意图表示包含性“或”而不是排他性“或”。也就是说,除非另有指明或上下文明示,否则“X包括A或B”意图表示任何自然包含性置换。也就是说,如果X包括A;X包括B;或者X包括A和B两者,则在任何前述情况下都满足“X包括A或B”。贯穿本专利说明书对“实施方案”、“某些实施方案”或“一个实施方案”的提及意指结合所述实施方案描述的特定特征、结构或特性被包括在至少一个实施方案中。因此,贯穿本说明书在各个位置中出现的短语“实施方案”、“某些实施方案”或“一个实施方案”不一定都是指同一个实施方案。
已经参考本发明的具体示例性实施方案描述了本发明。因此,说明书和附图被认为是说明性的而不是限制性的意义。除了本文所示和描述的那些修改之外,本发明的各种修改对于本领域技术人员来说将是明显的,并且旨在落入所附权利要求的范围内。
Claims (53)
1.一种组合物,其包含:
脂质体;以及
包封在所述脂质体中的活性剂,
其中所述活性剂包含烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的组合。
2.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述活性剂选自烟酸(NA)、烟酰胺(NAM)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)、烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸加氢(NADH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADP)、烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NAADP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯(NADPH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)或它们的混合物。
3.如权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述活性剂包含NAD+。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中基于所述组合物的总重量,大于0重量%且至多约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%,或从约1重量%至约10重量%的NAD或其衍生物包封在所述脂质体中。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述脂质体包含囊泡形成脂质。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述囊泡形成脂质选自磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酸(PA)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)、鞘磷脂(SM)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯甲基醚、聚甲基噁唑啉、聚乙基噁唑啉、聚羟丙基噁唑啉、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、聚甲基丙烯酰胺、聚二甲基丙烯酰胺、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、聚羟乙基丙烯酸酯、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙二醇、聚天冬酰胺、卵磷脂、二棕榈酰卵磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱或它们的混合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述囊泡形成脂质包括卵磷脂。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其包含基于所述组合物的总重量大于0重量%且至多约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%,或从约1重量%至约10重量%的量的囊泡形成脂质。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其进一步包含溶剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中所述溶剂选自醇、水或它们的混合物。
11.如权利要求10所述的组合物,其中所述溶剂包含选自以下的醇:乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、甘油、乙二醇、乙二醇单乙基、单丁基醚、丙二醇单甲基、丙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、丁二醇、戊二醇、山梨糖醇或它们的混合物。
12.如权利要求9至11中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述溶剂以基于所述组合物的总重量从50重量%至约99重量%、从约70重量%至约97重量%,或从约85重量%至约95重量%的范围的量存在。
13.如权利要求11所述的组合物,其中所述溶剂包含水、甘油和戊二醇。
14.如权利要求13所述的组合物,其中所述水以基于所述组合物的总重量从高于0重量%至约50重量%、从约5重量%至约40重量%,或从约10重量%至约30重量%的范围的量存在。
15.如权利要求13至14中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述甘油以基于所述组合物的总重量从高于0重量%至约90重量%、从约30重量%至约80重量%,或从约50重量%至约70重量%范围的量存在。
16.如权利要求13至15中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述戊二醇以基于所述组合物的总重量从高于0重量%至约20重量%、从约0.5重量%至约15重量%,或从约1重量%至约10重量%范围的量存在。
17.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其进一步包含pH调节剂。
18.如权利要求17所述的组合物,其中所述pH调节剂选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铵、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、柠檬酸钠、乙酸钠、氢氧化镁、柠檬酸、盐酸或它们的混合物。
19.如权利要求18所述的组合物,其中所述pH调节剂包括氢氧化钠。
20.如权利要求17至19中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述pH调节剂以将所述组合物的pH调节到从约4至约9、从约5.5至约8.5、或从约6至约7范围内的有效量存在。
21.如权利要求20所述的组合物,其中所述pH调节剂以基于所述组合物的总重量至多约3重量%、至多约2重量%,或至多约1重量%的量存在。
22.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其进一步包含抗氧化剂。
23.如权利要求22所述的组合物,其中所述抗氧化剂包括生育酚。
24.如权利要求22至23中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述抗氧化剂以基于所述组合物的总重量至多约0.5重量%、至多约0.3重量%,或至多约0.1重量%的量存在。
25.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物是均质的。
26.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物是液体。
27.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中与储存前(t=0)的所述组合物中的所述活性剂的重量相比,所述组合物在约2℃至约8℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后维持大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或约100重量%的所述活性剂。
28.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中与储存前(t=0)的所述组合物中的所述活性剂的重量相比,所述组合物在约20℃至约30℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后维持大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或约100重量%的所述活性剂。
29.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中与储存前(t=0)的所述组合物中的所述活性剂的重量相比,所述组合物在约35℃至约45℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后维持大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或约100重量%的所述活性剂。
30.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其进一步包含一种或多种另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂。
31.如权利要求30所述的组合物,其中所述组合物适合于局部施用、经口施用或肠胃外施用。
32.如权利要求30至31中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物呈浆液、乳剂、乳膏、泡沫剂、喷雾剂、软膏剂、凝胶、洗剂、垫剂、滚涂配制剂、片剂、胶囊、囊片、锭剂、糖锭剂、咀嚼片、胶剂、胶状剂、糖浆剂、液体溶液、混悬剂、乳剂、颊膜剂、舌下膜剂、口腔粘附膜、粉末、固体晶体、经口崩解片、糊剂、口腔乳膏、口腔凝胶或口腔软膏中的一种或多种的形式。
33.一种配制烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物的方法,所述方法包括将所述NAD+、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物包封在脂质体中。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法,其中与储存前(t=0)的所述组合物中的所述NAD+、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物的重量相比,大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或大于约100重量%的所述NAD+、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物在约2℃至约8℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后得以维持。
35.如权利要求33所述的方法,其中与储存前(t=0)的所述组合物中的所述NAD+、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物的重量相比,大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或大于约100重量%的所述NAD+、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物在约20℃至约30℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后得以维持。
36.如权利要求33所述的方法,其中与储存前(t=0)的所述组合物中的所述NAD+、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物的重量相比,大于约90重量%、大于约92重量%、大于约94重量%、大于约96重量%、大于约98重量%、大于约99重量%或大于约100重量%的所述NAD+、其前体、其衍生物或它们的混合物在约35℃至约45℃的温度下储存约1个月、约3个月、约6个月或约12个月的持续时间后得以维持。
37.一种制备权利要求1至32中任一项所述的组合物的方法,所述方法包括
形成包含活性剂和溶剂的溶液;以及
将所述溶液与囊泡形成脂质组合,
其中所述活性剂包含烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)、其前体、其衍生物或它们的组合。
38.一种治疗疾患的方法,其包括向有需要的受试者施用根据权利要求1至32中任一项所述的组合物。
39.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述施用为局部施用、经口施用或肠胃外施用。
40.如权利要求38至39中任一项所述的方法,其中针对以下中的一者或多者对所述受试者进行治疗:皮肤紧致度丧失、皮肤厚度减小、细纹、皱纹、弹性丧失、松垂、干燥、老年斑、周转率降低、异常脱屑、真皮中细胞外基质的密度降低和解裂以及其他组织学变化、皮肤粗糙度、皮肤光滑度、亮度、光泽、UV损伤、自由基损伤、辐射损伤、污染损伤、来自环境毒素或刺激物或过敏原的损伤、皮肤色调、饱经风霜的外观、变黄、皮肤毛孔变得不太明显、色素沉着过度、疤痕、皮肤表面不平整、酒渣鼻、外源性湿疹、痤疮、牛皮癣、皮肤的再生和更新过程、发红、鱼鳞病、缺乏触觉光滑度、缺乏视觉光滑度、缺乏柔软度、缺乏发光度、缺乏光泽、皮肤纹理、鱼尾纹、鼻褶、皮肤变色、干皱的皮肤纹理、皮肤弹性降低、其他损伤性皮肤状况、疲劳、慢性疲劳综合征、神经认知困难、睡眠障碍、运动后不适、头痛、肌肉无力、关节痛、肌痛、过敏、淋巴结肿胀和触痛、抑郁和其他应激相关疾患或可能受益于调控细胞能量代谢的疾患。
41.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其提供人内皮细胞的细胞衰老的减少。
42.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其提供人表皮细胞的细胞衰老的减少。
43.如权利要求41所述的组合物,其提供体内的所述减少。
44.如权利要求41所述的组合物,其提供体外的所述减少。
45.如权利要求42所述的组合物,其提供体内的所述减少。
46.如权利要求42所述的组合物,其提供体外的所述减少。
47.如权利要求41所述的组合物,其提供至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%或至少50%的衰老细胞减少。
48.如权利要求47所述的组合物,其中所述细胞是人主动脉内皮细胞。
49.如权利要求42所述的组合物,其提供至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%或至少35%的衰老细胞减少。
50.如权利要求47所述的组合物,其中所述细胞是人表皮角质细胞。
51.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中培养的人内皮细胞的细胞存活率增加。
52.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中当与不含所述脂质体的NAD+相比时,穿透到皮肤中的活性剂增加了约30%。
53.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述组合物增加所述活性剂到皮肤中的穿透性。
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