CN117486800A - 氟虫腈中间体的合成方法 - Google Patents
氟虫腈中间体的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=C(S(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C#N)=NN1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000005899 Fipronil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229940013764 fipronil Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical group CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 2, 6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 101150101537 Olah gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RYFZYYUIAZYQLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloromethyl mercaptan Chemical compound ClSC(Cl)(Cl)Cl RYFZYYUIAZYQLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004334 fluoridation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QPZYPAMYHBOUTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrazole-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=CC(C#N)=NN1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl QPZYPAMYHBOUTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- OKDQKPLMQBXTNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-2h-pyridin-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)N1CC=CC=C1 OKDQKPLMQBXTNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006561 solvent free reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- AIJJFYCDHOPBFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound [S]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl AIJJFYCDHOPBFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- RQYLOOVORNJDQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethyl thiohypochlorite Chemical compound FC(F)(F)SCl RQYLOOVORNJDQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C(C(=O)C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical group CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYBFBOOPGNBIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trichloromethylsulfanyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=C(SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(C#N)=NN1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl KYBFBOOPGNBIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Br RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GWBNYWVYPASUBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfinyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(Cl)=O GWBNYWVYPASUBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQPBFQLZTUPWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=C(C=NN1)SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound C1=C(C=NN1)SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl WQPBFQLZTUPWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005618 Fries rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N systemin Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1N(C(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(C)C)CCC1 HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010050014 systemin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- ILSVYQNRDXIWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethanethiol Chemical compound SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl ILSVYQNRDXIWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTJBWZHVSJNKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[NH+](CC)CC NTJBWZHVSJNKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
- C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D231/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D231/44—Oxygen and nitrogen or sulfur and nitrogen atoms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种氟虫腈中间体的合成方法,其特征在于,以化合物5‑氨基‑1‑(2,6‑二氯‑4‑(三氟甲基)苯基)‑4‑((三氯甲基)硫)‑1H‑吡唑‑3‑甲腈III为原料,经氟化反应,合成中间体IV,所述氟化试剂为氟化试剂为无水HF或HF含量为40~70%的Olah试剂(Pyridine.3~10HF),以有效HF计,Olah试剂或者HF相对于化合物III的添加量为3~50当量,反应温度不高于30℃,该反应降低了反应的温度,单一得到了目标中间体IV,大幅提高了反应选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多取代吡唑合成方法,尤其涉及一种氟虫腈中间体的合成方法。
背景技术
氟虫腈(I)是一种新型吡唑类广谱杀虫剂,1989年由法国罗纳普朗克公司开发成功,1996年以商品名Goliath等在欧洲上市。目前的商业化生产方法主要有三种,均以5-氨基-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈(分子式II,下文简称吡唑化合物)为起始原料,路线1是由吡唑化合物与三氟甲硫基卤代烷反应,引入三氟甲硫基,再经间氯过氧苯甲酸氧化而得到氟虫腈(陆阳,李春仁,徐固华,陶京朝等.新型高效杀虫剂氟虫腈制备新工艺[J].应用化工,2006,35(7):561-563,568.);路线2是吡唑化合物先制备双硫代物,经与三氟溴甲烷、氧化得到氟虫腈,技术方案参考专利文件CN 102690232 A;路线3是吡唑化合物与亚磺酰基取代物反应一步合成得到氟虫腈,技术方案参考专利文件CN104557713 B,CN101578270A。
关于合成过程中的氟元素引入,路线1和3在取代反应中已经实现,路线2中使用的三氟溴甲烷对臭氧层有极强破坏力,在中国列为受控使用清单之中。对吡唑环取代基的直接氟化,相关的研究较少,仅专利文件US06316636B1公开了吡唑化合物取代基上的卤素被氟取代的反应,但是,该方法选择性差,得到的产物为混合物。
关于合成过程中吡唑化合物4号位取代反应,路线1中使用的试剂CF3SCl常温常压下是气体,毒性高,易出安全事故,该路线已被淘汰。路线3中使用的关键试剂三氟甲基亚磺酰氯制备时难以控制在亚砜阶段,产生大量的废酸无法套用,对末端处理带来极大的困难,并且三氟甲基亚磺酰氯沸点低,性质不稳定,不宜运输或长期储存。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是提供一种高选择性的氟虫腈中间体的合成方法。
技术方案:本发明所述的氟虫腈中间体的合成方法,其特征在于,以化合物III(5-氨基-1-(2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4-((三氯甲基)硫)-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈)为原料,经氟化反应,合成中间体IV:
所述氟化试剂为无水HF或HF含量为40~70%的Olah试剂(Pyridine.3~10HF),以有效HF计,Olah试剂或者HF相对于化合物III的添加量为3~50当量,当HF的配比低于3倍当量时,固体不能充分浸润,反应无法进行完全。反应温度不高于30℃,可以有效提高反应选择性,该反应无需任何溶剂,无需加压。其他氟化试剂如三乙胺氢氟酸盐(TEA.3HF),KF、KHF2、KBF4等,即使在高温下也只能发生部分氟化,同时有其他杂质生成。
优选地,以有效HF计,Olah试剂或者HF相对于化合物III的添加量为15~30当量,当HF的配比低于15倍当量时,反应体系中固体较多,反应前期搅拌难度较大,但随着反应的进行,固体会逐渐减少直到溶清,成为较为粘稠的液体;当HF大于30倍当量时,虽对反应自身没有不利影响,但造成体积增加、后续处理时增加不必要的能耗。
优选地,反应温度为-10~30℃,温度低于-10℃时,几乎不反应或进行得极其缓慢;高于30℃时,检测到有明显的副产物出现,更优选的,反应温度为10~20℃,反应时间为2~20h,平衡选择性和反应时间。
优选地,所述氟化反应后处理方式为:先蒸发掉多余的HF,经冷凝收集,可套用至下一批反应中。蒸发HF后的残余物,加入合适的稀碱水溶液打浆,过滤,用清水连续洗涤至pH=7~8,得中间体IV的湿品,不经烘干,可直接用于下一步。或将残余物用有机溶剂溶解后,用稀碱溶液洗涤至pH=6~8,浓缩脱去溶剂后,浓缩物即为中间体IV,可直接用于下一步。所选稀碱水溶液由NaOH、KOH、Na2CO3、K2CO3、NaHCO3等或它们的任意混合物与水配制而成,溶液浓度为0.5~30%。所选有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、二氯甲烷等或任意组合,但不限于所列之溶剂,该步收率为94~98%(折干),纯度在98%以上。
上述反应中,化合物III的合成方法为:以5-氨基-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈II和全氯甲硫醇作为底物,在碱性添加剂,有机溶剂条件下进行取代反应,得到化合物III:5-氨基-1-(2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4-((三氯甲基)硫)-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈。以原料II为基准,所述全氯甲硫醇添加1~2当量;所述碱性添加剂添加1~3当量,所述取代反应温度为0~60℃。该反应可能的机理是:全氯甲硫醇可能先与吡唑化合物的5位的氨基反应,接着发生Thia-Fries重排,最终生成4-三氯甲硫基吡唑化合物III。所用的全氯甲硫醇为商业购得,或由二硫化碳、氯气、水制得,GC纯度大于96%。该反应通过加入可溶于有机溶剂的碱性添加剂,促进取代反应,同时作为反应的缚酸剂,提高了反应产率。全氯甲硫醇(CCl3SCl)和三氟甲基硫氯(CF3SCl)均为高毒性化合物,但是全氯甲硫醇的沸点在147℃左右,常温常压下,该化合物为液体,便于加入反应体系,更加安全,而三氯甲基硫氯沸点在0℃左右,常温常压下,该化合物为气体,不便于添加到反应体系中,气体还容易逃逸,泄漏,容易引发安全事故,所以,本发明选择相对安全的全氯甲硫醇作为反应物。然而,全氯甲硫醇相比于三氟甲基硫氯,反应活性低,直接与5-氨基-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈(II)反应,化合物III产率极低,因此,本发明向反应体系中引入碱性添加剂,促进两者反应,由于反应过程中,有氯化氢产生,因此,碱性添加剂还作为缚酸剂。
优选地,所述碱性添加剂为有机胺类化合物;所述碱性添加剂为三乙胺、二甲胺盐、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、N,N-二甲氨基吡啶中的一种或多种,但不限于所列之碱性添加剂。
优选地,所述全氯甲硫醇添加量为:1.05~1.5eq,所述碱性添加剂添加量为:1.05~1.7eq,反应温度为10~30℃,在该反应条件下,纯化后的产物收率可达90%以上,纯度大于98%。
优选地,所述有机的溶剂为等非质子性溶剂,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、氯苯、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、甲基叔丁基醚中的一种或者多种,但不限于所列之溶剂。
优选地,所述取代反应后处理方式为:加入适量的水洗涤,分层,有机相浓缩出一部分,析晶,抽滤,烘干,得化合物III,该步收率为90~97%,纯度98%以上。
前述中间体IV可以用于氟虫腈合成,合成步骤为:以中间体IV为原料,以第二有机溶剂作为反应介质,经氧化生成产物氟虫腈,所述氧化剂为含量20~40%双氧水,所述添加剂为三氯乙酸,以中间体IV计,所述三氯乙酸添加摩尔比例为5~10当量,所述双氧水添加摩尔比例为2~10当量,反应温度为15~25℃,所述第二有机溶剂为甲苯、苯、氯苯、二甲苯和三甲苯中一种或多种。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著优点:1、反应条件温和,安全性高;2、后处理简单;3、产物选择性高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的合成路线示意图。
图2为本发明的中间体IV高效液相色谱图(HPLC)。
图3为本发明的化合物III的质谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。无额外说明,以下实施例中使用的试剂均为分析纯的市售试剂,未经纯化直接使用。
实施例1:化合物III合成
将32.1g(0.1mol,HPLC纯度≥99.0%)吡唑化合物II,300ml二氯乙烷、15.2g(0.15mol)三乙胺依次加入到500ml反应瓶中,开启搅拌,降温到10℃以下,缓慢加入22.4g(0.12mol,GC纯度≥96%)全氯甲硫醇,15~20℃反应16h,TLC检测,确认原料反应完全,加入50ml*3水洗涤,有机相浓缩出约200ml溶剂,浓缩物冷却至-5~0℃,搅拌2h后抽滤,滤饼干燥得化合物III干品44.5g,收率93.7%,纯度98.5%。化合物III为微黄色至白色固体粉末,经LC-MS表征,实测值(ES-API):M-1:468.6(100%),470.6(67%),466.6(60%),理论值MS:469.85(100%),471.85(66.9%),467.86(60.8%)实测与理论相符,如图3,证实化合物III为5-氨基-1-(2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4-((三氯甲基)硫)-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈。
实施例2:化合物III合成
将32.1g(0.1mol,HPLC纯度≥99.0%)吡唑化合物II,320ml二氯甲烷、18.1g(0.14mol)二异丙基乙胺依次加入到500ml反应瓶中,开启搅拌,降温到10℃以下,缓慢加入24.2g(0.13mol)全氯甲硫醇,20~25℃反应13h,TLC检测,确认原料反应完全,加入50ml*3水洗涤,有机相浓缩出约210ml溶剂,浓缩物冷却至-2~2℃,搅拌2h后抽滤,滤饼干燥得化合物III干品43.1g,收率91.7%,纯度98.1%。
实施例3:化合物III合成
160.5g将160.5g(0.5mol,HPLC纯度≥99.0%)吡唑化合物II,1500ml二氯乙烷63.1g(0.62mol)三乙胺依次加入到2L反应瓶中,开启搅拌,降温到5℃以下,缓慢加入112g(0.6mol)全氯甲硫醇,12~18℃反应16h,TLC检测,确认原料反应完全,加入200ml*3水洗涤,有机相浓缩(40℃)出约1000ml溶剂,浓缩物冷却至-5~-2℃,搅拌2h后抽滤,滤饼干燥得化合物III干品226.0g,收率96.1%,纯度98.8%。
实施例4:中间体IV合成
将0.470g(0.001mol)化合物III加入到4ml的塑料试管,10℃加入1.0ml(1.100g,70%,0.0385mol)Olah试剂,密封,置于20℃的摇床上,反应体系为固液混合物,随着反应的进行,体系逐渐溶清。反应4h后,取样TLC检测,确认反应完全,蒸发HF后,加入2ml乙酸异丙酯和0.5ml 5%碳酸钠水溶液,气泡消失后,分去水层,再加入碳酸钠水溶液,直至没有气泡产生,分去水层,有机相浓缩,得0.40g化合物IV,收率95%,纯度98.5%。仪器:LC-10AT/SPD-10AvP,以乙腈:甲醇:水=15:60:25作为流动相,产物与标准品对照,二者HPLC出峰时间一致,证明产物即目标化合IV,结果见图2。
实施例5:中间体IV合成
将0.470g(0.001mol)化合物III加入到4ml的塑料试管,10℃加入1.0ml(1.0g,0.0186mol)TEA.3HF,同实施例四,反应4h后,取样TLC检测,有一氟化、二氟化产物生成,无全氟取代产物生成。升至35℃再反应2h,TLC检测,产物IV约10%,原料约50%,杂质斑点较多。
实施例6:中间体IV合成
将200g HF(10mol,5℃)加入到装有磁力搅拌、温度计探头、冷凝管的500ml的四氟反应瓶中,控制温度10℃以下,分批加入94.1g(0.2mol)化合物III,并做好尾气吸收和个人防护。5~15℃反应5h,取样TLC检测,确认反应完全,蒸发掉HF后,加入饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液,直到不再产生气泡时,再搅拌0.5h,确认pH=7~8,抽滤,水洗,得81.0g化合物IV(折干),收率96.2%,纯度98.7%。
实施例7:中间体IV合成
将180g HF(9.0mol,5℃)加入到装有机械搅拌、温度计探头、冷凝管的500ml的四氟反应瓶中,控制温度10℃以下,分批加入141g(0.3mol)化合物III,约1h加完,并做好尾气吸收和个人防护。10~19℃反应4h,取样TLC检测,确认反应完全,蒸发掉HF后,体系为粘稠的固体,加入5%碳酸钾水溶液,直到不再产生气泡时,再搅拌0.5h,确认pH=7~8,抽滤,水洗,得122.6g化合物IV(折干),收率97.0%,纯度98.8%。
实施例8:中间体IV合成
将90g HF(4.5mol,5℃)加入到装有机械搅拌、温度计探头、冷凝管的500ml的四氟反应瓶中,控制温度10℃以下,分批加入141g(0.3mol)化合物III,每次加入前目测体系基本溶清,约1.5h加完,其他操作同实施例7,得124.0g化合物IV(折干),收率98.1%,纯度98.3%。
实施例9:氟虫腈I合成
向250ml烧瓶中投入5.47g化合物IV,19.11g三氯乙酸,90ml甲苯,10~20℃滴入10ml 30%双氧水,约30min滴完,15~20℃反应16h后,HPLC检测,产物转化率95.2%,砜1.8%。过滤,所得固体用95%乙醇重结晶,抽滤,烘干得氟虫腈4.91g,收率86.1%,纯度98.0%,砜杂质0.5%。
Claims (10)
1.一种氟虫腈中间体的合成方法,其特征在于,以化合物III为原料,经氟取代反应,合成中间体IV:
所述氟取代反应所用氟化试剂为无水HF或HF的含量为40~70%的Olah试剂,以有效HF计,Olah试剂或者HF相对于所述化合物III的添加摩尔比例为3~50当量,反应温度不高于30℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氟虫腈中间体IV的合成方法,其特征在于,以有效HF计,所述Olah试剂或者无水HF相对于所述化合物III的添加摩尔比例为15~30当量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氟虫腈中间体IV的合成方法,其特征在于,所述氟取代反应温度为-10~30℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氟虫腈中间体IV的合成方法,其特征在于,所述氟取代反应温度为10~30℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的氟虫腈中间体IV的合成方法,其特征在于,所述氟取代反应为无溶剂反应。
6.根据权利要求1所述的氟虫腈中间体IV的合成方法,其特征在于,所述化合物III的合成方法为:以5-氨基-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈II和全氯甲硫醇作为原料,在碱性添加剂,非质子溶剂有机溶剂条件下进行取代反应,得化合物III,以原料II计,所述全氯甲硫醇添加摩尔比例为1~2当量;所述碱性添加剂添加摩尔比例为1~3当量,所述取代反应温度为0~60℃。
7.根据权利要求6所述的氟虫腈中间体IV的合成方法,其特征在于,以原料II计,所述全氯甲硫醇添加量为1.05~1.5当量,所述碱性添加剂添加量为1.05~1.7当量,所述取代反应温度为10~30℃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的氟虫腈中间体IV的合成方法,其特征在于,所述碱性添加剂为有机胺类化合物。
9.根据权利要求6或8所述的氟虫腈中间体IV的合成方法,其特征在于,所述碱性添加剂为三乙胺、二甲胺盐、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、N,N-二甲氨基吡啶中的一种或多种。
10.根据权利要求6所述的氟虫腈中间体IV的合成方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、氯苯、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、甲基叔丁基醚中的一种或者多种。
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