CN117477731A - Energy-taking circuit optimization method and system based on voltage stabilizing technology and super capacitor - Google Patents
Energy-taking circuit optimization method and system based on voltage stabilizing technology and super capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy taking circuit optimization method and system based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor, wherein the method comprises the following steps: rectifying and filtering the energy-taking coil to rectify the alternating current output by the energy-taking coil into direct current; the output voltage of the rectifier bridge is processed into constant voltage through voltage stabilization; charging the super capacitor through a constant voltage charging technology and voltage control of the MOSFET; constructing a discharge circuit, calculating the maximum outputtable energy of the parallel connection of the two super capacitors, and selecting to perform boosting treatment on the super capacitors in parallel connection; and connecting the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit with the voltage stabilizer through a protection circuit to construct a steady-state protection circuit, and setting a transient protection circuit according to the steady-state protection circuit. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the coil output is converted into smoother direct current through the rectifying and filtering circuit, so that the normal operation of the power supply system when the energy-taking coil output power is insufficient is ensured, the selection range of devices in the whole power supply system is wider, the system cost is lower, and the adaptability is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power systems, and particularly relates to an energy taking circuit optimization method and system based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor.
Background
Along with the development of technology, the demand for electric energy is growing, and particularly in the fields of wireless charging, energy collection, standby power supply and the like, the efficient and stable energy-taking technology becomes a research hot spot. The traditional energy-taking circuit has the problems of low efficiency, low response speed, poor stability and the like. To solve these problems, researchers have introduced voltage stabilizing technology and supercapacitors. The voltage stabilizing technology can ensure the stability of output voltage, and the super capacitor is widely applied to occasions needing quick response and high peak power output due to the high energy density and quick charge and discharge characteristics.
However, how to effectively combine the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor to realize efficient and stable energy taking remains a challenge. When the traditional energy-taking circuit is combined with the super capacitor, the problems of low charging efficiency, unstable capacitor voltage, complex design of a protection circuit and the like can occur. Therefore, a new energy-taking circuit optimization method is urgently needed, the advantages of the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor can be fully exerted, meanwhile, the circuit design is simplified, and the overall performance of the system is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems.
Therefore, the technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: when the traditional energy-taking circuit is combined with the super capacitor, the problems of low charging efficiency, unstable capacitor voltage, complex design of a protection circuit and the like can occur.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an energy-taking circuit optimization method based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor comprises the following steps:
rectifying and filtering the energy-taking coil to rectify the alternating current output by the energy-taking coil into direct current;
the output voltage of the rectifier bridge is processed into constant voltage through voltage stabilization;
charging the super capacitor through a constant voltage charging technology and voltage control of the MOSFET;
constructing a discharge circuit, calculating the maximum outputtable energy of the parallel connection of the two super capacitors, and selecting to perform boosting treatment on the super capacitors in parallel connection;
and connecting the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit with the voltage stabilizer through a protection circuit to construct a steady-state protection circuit, and setting a transient protection circuit according to the steady-state protection circuit.
As a preferable scheme of the energy-taking circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor, the invention comprises the following steps: the step of rectifying and filtering the energy-taking coil is that,
The circuit connected with the rear stage of the rectifier bridge is equivalent to impedance Z, the circuit of the rear stage is equivalent to pure resistive load R, and when the circuit is in an initial state and the voltage at the two ends of the filter capacitor C is 0, the charging time constant is as follows:
t＝RC
when reaching steady state, the capacitor voltage is u c When the coil outputs the voltage u 0 Lower than the capacitance voltage u c When the diode is cut offWhen the current of the secondary side is cut off, the filter capacitor discharges through the load R, and the capacitor voltageThe voltage drops exponentially; when t 1 Time coil output voltage u o (t 1 ) Higher than the capacitor voltage, the initial voltage of the capacitor is +.>The capacitance voltage is:
the time constant T is made to be greater than half of the power frequency period T, so that the capacitor voltage is stable in each power frequency period; when the output power of the voltage stabilizer is maximum, the equivalent input resistance is minimum, and the time constant is lowest, and the time constant t of the capacitor under the corresponding equivalent resistance is larger than 0.01s.
As a preferable scheme of the energy-taking circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor, the invention comprises the following steps: the super capacitor is charged by the following steps:
the voltage regulator is used as a constant voltage source to output voltage V S The super capacitor is charged through a diode and a current limiting resistor R;
control voltage, output voltage V after passing through diode OUT The capacitance value of the super capacitor is C, and the rated voltage is V cap The supercapacitor voltage is expressed as:
controlling charging time and rated voltage value V of super capacitor T Max chargeable to V M In V T As the charge cutoff voltage, the charge time is expressed as:
the capacitance value of the super capacitor is calculated, and the calculation steps are as follows:
the choice of the capacitance of the super-capacitor depends on the load power P and the specified capacitor energization time t s The minimum voltage of the discharge of the super capacitor is V cut The released energy is:
the relation between the energy supply time and the load power P is as follows:
when the power of the on-line monitoring device is P MIN ～P MAX mW, load current I variation range I MIN ～I MAX mA, operating voltage V G According to the energy distribution priority, adopting a constant voltage charging mode, and when the capacitor voltage is 0, the charging power is maximum, and the maximum charging current is I cmax The charging power is:
P c ＝V OUT I cmax
charging current-limiting resistor R c The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
when the capacitor is charged, the output current of the voltage stabilizer is I LDO When the voltage stabilizer input end equivalent resistance is:
when the super capacitor is charged, the equivalent resistance is reduced, and the rectifier bridge outputs the voltage U c Falling, voltage regulator input voltage V in Descending and outputting by a voltage stabilizerVoltage V of in As a signal for controlling the charging of the super capacitor, the input voltage V of the voltage stabilizer is set in Charging is started when the threshold voltage is larger than the threshold voltage, and the control of the input voltage on the charging is realized by using the MOSFET.
As a preferable scheme of the energy-taking circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor, the invention comprises the following steps: the charge control circuit is constructed in the steps of,
q1 and Q3 are N-MOSFETs, Q2 is P-MOSFET, ccap is super capacitor, and super capacitor voltage u c Below V OUT When entering a charging state, u c Higher than V T When the charging is stopped, a hysteresis comparator is used for setting charging hysteresis, the inverting terminal of the comparator is connected with a super capacitor, the capacitor voltage is used as an input signal, V 0 For the comparator output voltage, the supply voltage V cc Reference voltage V used as comparator ref ；
According to the characteristics of the operational amplifier, the equation is expressed as follows:
when the capacitor voltage reaches V inH At the time, the comparator outputs a voltage V 0 From V cc Jumping to 0, the equation is expressed as:
when the capacitor voltage reaches V inL At the time, the comparator outputs a voltage V 0 Jump from 0 to V cc The equation is expressed as:
when the input voltage of the voltage stabilizer and the voltage of the capacitor meet the conditions, the super capacitor enters a charging state.
As a preferable scheme of the energy-taking circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor, the invention comprises the following steps: the super capacitor is selected to be subjected to parallel boosting treatment, and the treatment steps are as follows:
Inductance value L is selected 1 The value of the input end capacitor C1 of the selected booster is higher than the inductance value, and the selected booster is equal to the inductance value L 1 The matched ceramic chip capacitor C2 is equal to the inductance value;
boosting super capacitor and outputting V max Voltage, the lowest input voltage is V min The maximum energy which can be output by the two super capacitors in parallel connection is as follows:
the enable terminal and the input terminal are connected by a resistor, the enable terminal is connected with the drain electrode of the N-MOSFET, and the grid electrode of the NMOSFET is connected with the input terminal.
As a preferable scheme of the energy-taking circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor, the invention comprises the following steps: the design and implementation steps of the steady-state protection circuit are that,
determining an introduced resistance value, adopting a parallel connection mode, and adopting a series energy discharging resistor to deepen the saturation degree of the coil and reduce the output power of the coil when the output power of the coil reaches the level that the redundant energy can be consumed in the voltage stabilizer;
setting the state of a protection circuit, when primary current increases, sequentially adopting a parallel connection mode to reduce the total equivalent resistance, increasing the resistance by using a serial connection mode to reduce the output power of a coil, reducing the temperature rise of a system, and when primary current increases, sequentially adopting R 1 In parallel with the voltage stabilizer, R is 2 Is connected in series with the voltage stabilizer;
when the protection circuit does not enter a working state, the switch S1 is opened, the switch S2 is closed, the voltage stabilizer is directly connected with the rectifier bridge, the priority is allocated according to the energy of the energy taking circuit, the energy is stored under the condition that the output power of the voltage stabilizer is ensured, and the super capacitor is charged before the steady-state protection circuit is started.
As a preferable scheme of the energy-taking circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor, the invention comprises the following steps: before the steady-state protection circuit is started, the operation steps for charging the super capacitor are as follows:
when u is c >Starting charging at threshold voltage, setting rectified output voltageAt threshold voltage, S1 is closed and S2 is kept closed, R 1 Connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizer; when->At threshold voltage, S2, S1 is opened and closed, voltage stabilizer and R 1 After being connected in parallel, is connected with R 2 And (3) connecting in series.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides the following technical scheme: an energy-taking circuit optimization system based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor, comprising:
the rectification filter module is used for rectifying the alternating current output by the energy taking coil into direct current;
the voltage stabilizing module is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the rectifier bridge into constant voltage;
The super capacitor charging module is used for charging the super capacitor through a constant voltage charging technology and voltage control of the MOSFET;
the discharging circuit module is used for calculating the maximum outputtable energy of the parallel connection of the two super capacitors and selecting the parallel connection of the super capacitors for boosting treatment;
and the protection circuit module is used for connecting the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit with the voltage stabilizer through the protection circuit, constructing a steady-state protection circuit and setting a transient protection circuit according to the steady-state protection circuit.
A computer device, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory stores a computer program characterized in that: the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the method of any of the present invention.
A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized by: which when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method described in the invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the energy taking circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor, the coil output is converted into smoother direct current through the rectification filter circuit, stable energy supply voltage is provided for monitoring equipment through the voltage stabilizing circuit, the super capacitor is used as an energy storage element, surplus energy output by the coil is stored, and normal operation of a power supply system when the output power of the energy taking coil is insufficient is ensured. And finally, the built protection circuit outputs energy through reasonably distributing coils, and controls the input voltage of the voltage stabilizing circuit within a specified range in the primary current change range, so that the selection range of devices in the whole power supply system is wider, the system cost is lower, and the circuit has certain expansibility and wide adaptability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an energy extraction circuit optimization method based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging circuit according to an optimization method of an energy-taking circuit based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparator hysteresis diagram of an energy extraction circuit optimization method based on voltage stabilization technology and super capacitor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of TPS61097A-33 application circuit of an energy-taking circuit optimization method based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a protection circuit of an energy-extracting circuit optimizing method based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of an energy-capturing current according to an optimization method of an energy-capturing circuit based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Further, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings, the cross-sectional view of the device structure is not to scale in the general sense for ease of illustration, and the drawings are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in actual fabrication.
Also in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first, second, or third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The terms "mounted, connected, and coupled" should be construed broadly in this disclosure unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined, such as: can be fixed connection, detachable connection or integral connection; it may also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a direct connection, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be a communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, for one embodiment of the present invention, an energy-taking circuit optimization method based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor is provided, including:
s1: and rectifying and filtering the energy taking coil to rectify the alternating current output by the energy taking coil into direct current.
It should be noted that the output of the energy-taking coil is alternating current, and the alternating current needs to be converted into direct current to supply energy to the load. The circuit adopts a bridge rectifier circuit, and the primary current of the bridge rectifier circuit outputs the maximum power as much as possible, and the voltage drop of a rectifier diode is as small as possible, so that the loss is reduced, and a Schottky diode is adopted. The voltage pulsation directly output by the energy-taking coil after rectification is large, and the voltage pulsation needs to be filtered to obtain smooth output voltage.
Furthermore, the step of rectifying and filtering the energy-taking coil is as follows:
the circuit connected with the rear stage of the rectifier bridge is equivalent to impedance Z, and as the rear stage circuit takes active power as a main component and has relatively low reactive power, the circuit can be equivalent to a pure resistive load R, the voltage at the two ends of a filter capacitor C is 0 in an initial state, the circuit is approximately short-circuited, and the charging time constant is as follows:
t＝RC
when reaching steady state, the capacitor voltage is u c When the coil outputs the voltage u 0 Lower than the capacitance voltage u c When the diode is cut off and the secondary side current is cut off, the filter capacitor discharges through the load R, the capacitor voltageThe voltage drops exponentially; when t 1 Time coil output voltage u o (t 1 ) Higher than the capacitor voltage, the initial voltage of the capacitor is +.>The capacitance voltage is:
furthermore, when the DC voltage with lower pulsation degree is obtained, the time constant T is made to be greater than half of the power frequency period T, so that the capacitor voltage is stable in each power frequency period. When the output power of the voltage stabilizer is maximum, the equivalent input resistance is minimum, and the time constant is lowest, and the time constant t of the capacitor under the corresponding equivalent resistance is larger than 0.01s.
It should be noted that, the time constant is selected to be greater than 0.01s to ensure the stability and output quality of the power supply or the filter, which is a trade-off value, when the output power of the voltage stabilizer is reduced, the equivalent resistance of the rectifying output terminal is increased, at this time, the time constant of the circuit is increased, the voltage variation of the filter capacitor in one period is lower, and the output voltage of the filter circuit is smoother.
S2: and stabilizing the output voltage of the rectifier bridge to obtain constant voltage.
It should be noted that, the output voltage of the rectifier bridge changes along with the change of the primary current, so that the load cannot be directly powered, and the constant voltage must be obtained through voltage stabilization treatment. Under the specified minimum primary current condition, the output power of the energy-taking power supply system should be as large as possible, the input end and the output end of the voltage stabilizer must meet the minimum voltage difference condition to work normally, the power loss of the voltage stabilizer itself should be as low as possible, and a low-voltage difference linear voltage stabilizer ADP3331 (LDO) is selected as a voltage stabilizing device.
S3: and charging the super capacitor through a constant voltage charging technology and voltage control of the MOSFET.
Further, the specific step of charging the super capacitor is as follows:
the voltage regulator is used as a constant voltage source to output voltage V S The super capacitor is charged through the diode and the current limiting resistor R.
Control voltage, output voltage V after passing through diode OUT Drop, assume that the capacitance of the super capacitor is C and the rated voltage is V cap The supercapacitor voltage is expressed as:
controlling charging time, setting rated voltage value V of super capacitor T Max chargeable to V M In V T As the charge cutoff voltage, the charge time is expressed as:
the capacitance value of the super capacitor is calculated, and the calculation steps are as follows:
the choice of the capacitance of the super-capacitor depends on the load power P and the specified capacitor energization time t s Let the minimum voltage of the discharge of the super capacitor be V cut The released energy is:
the relation between the energy supply time and the load power P is as follows:
controlling the charging process by using MOSFET, and on-line monitoring the power of the device at P MIN ～P MAX mW, load current I variation range I MIN ～I MAX mA, operating voltage V G . According to the energy distribution priority, the energy supply of the monitoring equipment by the voltage stabilizer cannot be influenced in the charging process of the super capacitor, and the charging power is maximum and the maximum charging current is I when the capacitor voltage is 0 due to the adoption of a constant voltage charging mode cmax The charging power is:
P c ＝V OUT I cmax
charging current-limiting resistor R c The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
when the capacitor is charged, the output current of the voltage stabilizer is I LDO When the voltage stabilizer input end equivalent resistance is:
it should be noted that, when the super capacitor is charged, the equivalent resistance decreases, and the output voltage U of the rectifier bridge c Falling, voltage regulator input voltage V in And then falls down with the input voltage V of the voltage stabilizer in As a signal for controlling the charging of the super capacitor, the input voltage V of the voltage stabilizer is set in Charging is started when the threshold voltage is larger than the threshold voltage, and the control of the input voltage on the charging is realized by using the MOSFET.
And the charging control circuit is characterized in that Q1 and Q3 are N-MOSFETs, Q2 is a P-MOSFET, and Ccap is a super capacitor. Let us assume the super capacitor voltage u c Below V OUT When it is required to enter a charging state, u c Higher than V T When the charging is stopped, a hysteresis comparator is used for setting charging hysteresis, and the inverting terminal of the comparator is connected with the super capacitorCapacitor voltage as input signal, V 0 For the comparator output voltage, the supply voltage V cc Reference voltage V used as comparator ref 。
According to the characteristics of the operational amplifier, the following equation is provided:
v in ref ＝V cc Because the comparator is supplied with a single power supply, the output high level is 3V supply voltage, and the low level is 0V.
When the capacitor voltage reaches V inH At the time, the comparator outputs a voltage V 0 From V cc Jump to 0:
when the capacitor voltage reaches V inL At the time, the comparator outputs a voltage V 0 Jump from 0 to V cc ：
Whether the super capacitor enters the charging state depends on the input voltage of the voltage stabilizer and the voltage of the capacitor, and the super capacitor enters the charging state only if the input voltage and the voltage of the capacitor meet the conditions.
S4: and constructing a discharge circuit, calculating the maximum outputtable energy of the two super capacitors connected in parallel, and selecting to boost the super capacitors connected in parallel.
Furthermore, the super capacitor is selected to be subjected to parallel boosting treatment, and the treatment steps are as follows:
inductance value L is selected 1 The value of the selected booster input capacitor C1 is higher than the inductance value, otherwise it may generateElectromagnetic interference, selecting and inductance value L 1 Matching ceramic chip capacitors; the capacitance of the output end needs to meetC2 is a ceramic chip capacitor with the equivalent inductance value.
Further, the super capacitor is boosted and then output V max Voltage, assume that the lowest input voltage is V min The maximum energy which can be output by the two super capacitors in parallel connection is as follows:
in order to ensure that the booster only works when the output power of the energy-taking coil is low, an enabling end and an input end of the booster are connected through a resistor, the enabling end is connected with a drain electrode of the N-MOSFET, and a grid electrode of the NMOSFET is connected with the input end to realize a logical NOT function.
S5: and connecting the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit with the voltage stabilizer through a protection circuit to construct a steady-state protection circuit, and setting a transient protection circuit according to the steady-state protection circuit.
Furthermore, by introducing additional load, the equivalent load of the coil output end is artificially changed to achieve the purpose of limiting the coil output voltage, and the coil output voltage is limited by introducing resistance energy leakage at the output side of the rectifier bridge.
It should be noted that the construction and implementation steps of the steady-state protection circuit are as follows:
the introduced resistance value is determined, a parallel connection mode is adopted, and when the output power of the coil reaches the level that the redundant energy can be consumed in the voltage stabilizer, the series connection energy discharging resistor is adopted, so that the saturation degree of the coil is deepened, and the output power of the coil is reduced.
Setting the state of a protection circuit, when primary current increases, sequentially adopting a parallel connection mode to reduce the total equivalent resistance, increasing the resistance by using a serial connection mode to reduce the output power of a coil, reducing the temperature rise of a system, and when primary current increases, sequentially adopting R 1 In parallel with the voltage stabilizer, R is 2 Is connected in series with the voltage stabilizer.
It should be noted that the key of the protection circuit is when the resistor R is connected 1 And R is 2 After the resistor is connected, the equivalent load on the rectifying output side is changed, and the input voltage of the voltage stabilizer is changed, but the normal operation of the voltage stabilizer cannot be influenced.
Furthermore, when the protection circuit does not enter the working state, the switch S1 is opened, the switch S2 is closed, and the voltage stabilizer is directly connected with the rectifier bridge, so that the voltage stabilizer in the initial state can obtain the maximum power. According to the energy distribution priority of the energy taking circuit, under the condition that the output power of the voltage stabilizer is ensured, the output voltage of the rectifier is increased, the output voltage and the output current of the voltage stabilizer are unchanged, redundant energy is consumed on the voltage stabilizer, the energy is wasted, the temperature of the voltage stabilizer is increased, the energy is stored, and therefore, the super capacitor is charged before the steady-state protection circuit is started.
Further, according to the introduction of the charging section, u c >The charging is started when the threshold voltage is reached, so that the starting voltage of the protection circuit is higher than the threshold voltage, a margin is reserved between the starting voltage and the charging voltage, and the rectified output voltage is setAt threshold voltage, S1 is closed and S2 is kept closed, at which time R 1 Connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizer; when->When the threshold voltage is over, S2 and S1 are opened, and the voltage stabilizer and R are closed 1 After being connected in parallel, is connected with R 2 And (3) connecting in series.
It should be noted that, for other energy-taking coils and primary current ranges, a plurality of series resistors can be introduced to limit the input voltage of the voltage stabilizer on the basis of the above-mentioned conditions according to the use situation, so that the voltage stabilizer has certain practicability.
It should be noted that, when the line current has a transient large current, the transient output voltage of the protection circuit will exceed the maximum input voltage of the voltage regulator, and even if the transient moment is short, the voltage regulator will be damaged, so that only the steady protection circuit cannot guarantee the safe operation of the power supply system, and the transient protection circuit must be set.
When the voltage exceeds the clamp value, the TVS (transient suppression diode) is changed from a high resistance state to a low resistance state, thereby limiting the voltage to its clamp value. The transient suppression diode has a unidirectional and a bidirectional division, wherein the unidirectional is used for suppressing transient direct current voltage, the bidirectional is used for suppressing alternating current voltage, and the bidirectional is connected with the protected object in parallel.
Furthermore, according to the working condition of the steady-state protection circuit, the key is to limit the output voltage of the rectifier bridge, and select a TVS equivalent to the maximum output voltage of the rectifier bridge under the steady-state condition, and connect the TVS in parallel to the output side of the rectifier bridge.
When the voltage at two ends of the TVS does not reach the clamping value, the TVS shows extremely high resistance state, and only leakage current is arranged at two ends of the TVS at the microampere level; when the voltage exceeds the clamping value, the TVS is changed from a high resistance state to a low resistance state, and the voltage is limited on the clamping value. And a unidirectional transient suppression diode is adopted to suppress transient direct current voltage, a bidirectional transient suppression diode is adopted to suppress alternating current voltage, and the transient suppression diode is connected with the protected object in parallel.
The embodiment also provides an energy-taking circuit optimization system based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor, which comprises:
and the rectifying and filtering module is used for rectifying the alternating current output by the energy taking coil into direct current.
And the voltage stabilizing module is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the rectifier bridge into constant voltage.
And the super capacitor charging module is used for charging the super capacitor through a constant voltage charging technology and voltage control of the MOSFET.
And the discharging circuit module is used for calculating the maximum outputtable energy of the two super capacitors connected in parallel and selectively boosting the super capacitors connected in parallel.
And the protection circuit module is used for connecting the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit with the voltage stabilizer through the protection circuit, constructing a steady-state protection circuit and setting a transient protection circuit according to the steady-state protection circuit.
The present embodiment also provides a computing device comprising, a memory and a processor; the memory is used for storing computer executable instructions, and the processor is used for executing the computer executable instructions to realize the energy taking circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor according to the embodiment.
The present embodiment also provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements an energy-taking circuit optimization method based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor as set forth in the above embodiment.
The storage medium provided in this embodiment and the energy-taking circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor provided in the foregoing embodiments belong to the same inventive concept, and technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be seen in the foregoing embodiments, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the foregoing embodiments.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, database, or other medium used in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory may include read only memory, magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high density embedded nonvolatile memory, resistive memory, magnetic memory, ferroelectric memory, phase change memory, graphene memory, and the like. Volatile memory can include random access memory, external cache memory, or the like. By way of illustration, and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as static random access memory or dynamic random access memory. The databases referred to in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of relational databases and non-relational databases. The non-relational database may include, but is not limited to, a blockchain-based distributed database, and the like. The processors referred to in the embodiments provided herein may be general purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processors, digital signal processors, programmable logic units, quantum computing-based data processing logic units, etc., without being limited thereto.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2-6, for one embodiment of the present invention, an energy-taking circuit optimization method based on a voltage stabilizing technology and a super capacitor is provided, and in order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, scientific demonstration is performed through experiments.
The energy-taking circuit constructed by the invention utilizes the voltage stabilizer to obtain constant voltage to supply energy to the monitoring equipment, and the voltage stabilizer can ensure the stability of output voltage within a certain voltage range; because the charge and discharge times of the lithium battery are far lower than those of the super capacitor, the super capacitor is selected as an energy storage device from the long-term operation perspective, and a disposable battery is additionally added as a standby power supply; and finally, a protection circuit is constructed to ensure the normal operation of the system within the current variation range. According to actual conditions, the energy taking circuit consists of a rectifying and filtering circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a charging circuit, a discharging circuit and a protection circuit, and the whole structure is shown in the figure. The output of the voltage stabilizer directly supplies power to the monitoring equipment; charging a super capacitor by using a voltage stabilizer, wherein the super capacitor supplies energy to monitoring equipment through a booster; the voltage stabilizing circuit, the super capacitor and the battery are isolated by using diodes, and the actual functions and construction of the circuits are described below.
S1: and rectifying and filtering the energy taking coil to rectify the alternating current output by the energy taking coil into direct current.
Furthermore, the circuit connected with the rear stage of the rectifier bridge is equivalent to impedance Z, and as the rear stage circuit is mainly powered by active power and has relatively low reactive power, the circuit can be equivalently used as a pure resistive load R, the voltage at the two ends of the filter capacitor C is 0 in an initial state, the circuit is approximately short-circuited, and the charging time constant is as follows:
t＝RC
assuming that the capacitance voltage is u when steady state is reached c When the coil outputs the voltage u 0 Lower than the capacitance voltage u c When the diode is cut off, the secondary side current is cut off, thisWhen the filter capacitor discharges through the load R, the capacitor voltageThe voltage drops exponentially; let t be 1 Time coil output voltage u o (t 1 ) The voltage is higher than the capacitance voltage, the diode is conducted, and the initial voltage of the capacitor isCapacitance voltage:
furthermore, when the DC voltage with lower pulsation degree is obtained, the time constant T is made to be greater than half of the power frequency period T, so that the stability of the capacitor voltage in each power frequency period is ensured. When the output power of the voltage stabilizer is maximum, the equivalent input resistance is minimum, and the time constant is lowest, and the time constant t of the capacitor under the equivalent resistance is required to be larger than 0.01s.
S2: and stabilizing the output voltage of the rectifier bridge to obtain constant voltage.
The low-dropout linear voltage regulator ADP3331 (LowDroupotRegulator, LDO) is selected as a voltage regulator, the input voltage range of the voltage regulator is 2.6-12V, the output voltage is adjustable, the voltage drop is 140mV when the maximum output current is 200mA, the voltage drop is only 60mV when the output current is 10mA, the quiescent current is 34 mu A in the off state, the power consumption in the system initial state is low, and the voltage regulator is very suitable for a low-power energy supply system.
S3: and charging the super capacitor through a constant voltage charging technology and voltage control of the MOSFET.
Furthermore, the voltage stabilizer is used as a constant voltage source to output 3.3V, the super capacitor is charged through the diode and the current limiting resistor R, and the voltage V is output after passing through the diode OUT The voltage drops by 0.2 to 0.3V, the capacitance value of the super capacitor is C, and the rated voltage is V cap The supercapacitor voltage is expressed as:
furthermore, the charging time is controlled, the rated voltage value of the super capacitor in the market is usually 2.7V, the super capacitor with a common voltage value is selected to be charged to 3V at the maximum, and the cost of a power supply system is easy to control, so that the super capacitor with the rated voltage of 2.7V is selected, the 2.7V is used as the charging cut-off voltage, and the charging time is as follows:
the choice of the capacitance of the super-capacitor depends on the load power P and the specified capacitor energization time t s Let the minimum voltage of the discharge of the super capacitor be V cut The released energy is:
time t of energy supply s The relation with the load power P is:
furthermore, the MOSFET is used for controlling the charging process, the power of the on-line monitoring device is 20 mW to 300mW, the variation range of the load current I is 6 mA to 100mA, and the working voltage is 3V. According to the energy distribution priority, the energy supply of the voltage stabilizer for the monitoring equipment cannot be influenced in the charging process of the super capacitor, and when the voltage stabilizer supplies 100mA current for the monitoring equipment, the remaining 100mA can be used for charging. Since the constant voltage charging mode is adopted, when the capacitor voltage is 0, the charging power is maximum, and the maximum charging current I is assumed cmax 60mA, the charging power is:
Pc＝VOUTIcmax＝198mW
charging current-limiting resistor R c Is calculated by (1):
when the voltage stabilizer outputs current I LDO At 100mA, the equivalent resistance of the input end of the voltage stabilizer is as follows:
when the capacitor is charged, the voltage stabilizer outputs current I LDO 160mA, equivalent resistance at the input end of the voltage stabilizer:
when the super capacitor is charged, the equivalent resistance is reduced, and the rectifier bridge outputs the voltage U c Falling, voltage regulator input voltage V in And then falls down, but cannot be lower than 3.5V, otherwise the normal operation of the voltage stabilizer is affected, and the voltage stabilizer is used for inputting the voltage V in As a signal for controlling the charging of the super capacitor, in order to ensure V during the charging process in Always higher than 3.5V, the control signal should be left with margin, and the input voltage V of the voltage stabilizer is set in Charging is started when the voltage is more than 4.5V, and the control of the input voltage on charging can be realized by using the MOSFET.
The charge control circuit is shown in FIG. 2, Q1 and Q3 are N-MOSFETs, Q2 is a P-MOSFET, and Ccap is a super capacitor. Let us assume the super capacitor voltage u c Below 2.4V, the charge state is required to be entered, u c And stopping charging when the voltage is higher than 2.7V, and setting charging hysteresis by using a hysteresis comparator. The inverting terminal of the comparator is connected with the super capacitor, and the capacitor voltage is used as an input signal, V 0 For the comparator output voltage, the supply voltage V cc Reference voltage V used as comparator ref 。
The following equation is provided according to the characteristics of the operational amplifier.
V in ref ＝V cc Because the comparator is powered by a single power supply, the output is high at 3V, low at 0V, and the comparator hysteresis is shown in fig. 3.
When the capacitor voltage reaches V inH At the time, the comparator outputs a voltage V 0 From V cc Jump to 0:
when the capacitor voltage reaches V inL At the time, the comparator outputs a voltage V 0 Jump from 0 to V cc ：
From the above analysis, whether the super capacitor enters the charging state depends on the voltage regulator input voltage and the capacitor voltage, and the charging state is entered only if both satisfy the conditions.
NTR4003 is selected as Q1, Q3, threshold voltage V Q1GSth =1v; NTR1P02 as Q2, threshold voltage V Q2GSth =0.8v. When the capacitance voltage is lower than 2.4V, the comparator outputs 3V, Q1 is conducted, and Q2 is conducted when the control voltage of Q2 meets the following condition.
S4: and constructing a discharge circuit, calculating the maximum outputtable energy of the two super capacitors connected in parallel, and selecting to boost the super capacitors connected in parallel.
Furthermore, the rated voltage of the super capacitor is 2.7V, and the output voltage of the power supply system is 3V, at this time, two super capacitors can be connected in series to obtain 5.4V voltage for voltage reduction, but the input voltage of the voltage reducer must be higher than 3V, so that the maximum outputtable energy of the two super capacitors connected in series is adopted:
if the super capacitors are boosted and then output 3V voltage, the lowest output voltage of the booster with the output voltage of 3V is generally 0.8-1.2V, and the lowest input voltage is assumed to be 1V, and the maximum energy which can be output by the two super capacitors in parallel connection is as follows:
furthermore, the super capacitor is selected to be subjected to parallel boosting treatment, and the treatment steps are as follows:
TPS61097A-33 is selected as a booster, the static current of the device is lower than 5 mu A, the lowest input voltage is 0.9V, the maximum input voltage is 5.5V, the output voltage is fixed 3.3V, the maximum output current is 100mA, and an application circuit is shown in figure 4. Wherein the inductance L 1 The selection of the inductor value has the influence on the switching frequency in the booster, and the selection of a larger inductance value can reduce the switching frequency, so that the switching loss is reduced, and the inductance value selected in the project is 10mH; the value of the input end capacitor C1 of the booster should not be lower than 10mF, otherwise electromagnetic interference can be generated, and a 10mF ceramic chip capacitor is selected; the capacitance of the output end needs to meetHere, a chip capacitor of 10mF is selected as C2.
In order to ensure that the booster only works when the output power of the energy-taking coil is low, an enabling end and an input end of the booster are connected through a resistor, the enabling end is connected with a drain electrode of the N-MOSFET, and a grid electrode of the NMOSFET is connected with the input end to realize a logical NOT function.
S5: and connecting the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit with the voltage stabilizer through a protection circuit to construct a steady-state protection circuit, and setting a transient protection circuit according to the steady-state protection circuit.
Furthermore, by introducing additional load, the equivalent load of the coil output end is artificially changed to achieve the purpose of limiting the coil output voltage, and the coil output voltage is limited by introducing resistance energy leakage at the output side of the rectifier bridge.
It should be noted that the construction and implementation steps of the steady-state protection circuit are as follows:
the introduced resistance value is determined, a parallel connection mode is adopted, and when the output power of the coil reaches the level that the redundant energy can be consumed in the voltage stabilizer, the series connection energy discharging resistor is adopted, so that the saturation degree of the coil is deepened, and the output power of the coil is reduced.
The state of the protection circuit is set, and as the primary current increases, the total equivalent resistance is reduced in a parallel connection mode, the output power of the voltage stabilizer is ensured, the input voltage of the voltage stabilizer is limited, the output power of the coil is reduced by increasing the resistance in a series connection mode, and the temperature rise of the system is reduced. The principle of the protection circuit is shown in fig. 5, and as the primary current increases, R is firstly calculated 1 Connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizer, R is then 2 Is connected in series with the voltage stabilizer.
It should be noted that the key of the protection circuit is when the resistor R is connected 1 And R is 2 . After the resistor is connected, the equivalent load on the rectifying output side is changed, and the input voltage of the voltage stabilizer is changed, but the normal operation of the voltage stabilizer cannot be influenced, and the minimum input voltage of the voltage stabilizer is required to be higher than 3.5V, and the maximum input voltage is required to be lower than 10V. When the protection circuit does not enter the working state, the switch S1 is opened, the switch S2 is closed, and the voltage stabilizer is directly connected with the rectifier bridge at the moment, so that the voltage stabilizer in the initial state can obtain the maximum power. According to the energy distribution priority of the energy taking circuit, under the condition that the output power of the voltage stabilizer is ensured, the output voltage of the rectifier is increased, the output voltage and the output current of the voltage stabilizer are unchanged, redundant energy is consumed on the voltage stabilizer, the energy is wasted, the temperature of the voltage stabilizer is increased, the energy is stored, and therefore, the super capacitor is charged before the steady-state protection circuit is started. According to the introduction of the charging section:
u c >Charging is started at 4.5V, so that the starting voltage of the protection circuit is higher than 4.5V, a margin is reserved between the starting voltage and the charging voltage, and the rectified output voltage u is set c >At 6V, S1 is closed and S2 is held closed, at which time R 1 Connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizer; when V is in >At 8V, S2 is turned off,s1 is kept closed, and the voltage stabilizer and R are at the same time 1 After being connected in parallel, is connected with R 2 And (3) connecting in series.
It should be noted that, when the line current has a transient large current, the transient output voltage of the protection circuit will exceed the maximum input voltage of the voltage regulator, and even if the transient moment is short, the voltage regulator will be damaged, so that only the steady protection circuit cannot guarantee the safe operation of the power supply system, and the transient protection circuit must be set.
When the voltage exceeds the clamp value, the TVS (transient suppression diode) is changed from a high resistance state to a low resistance state, thereby limiting the voltage to its clamp value. The transient suppression diode has a unidirectional and a bidirectional division, wherein the unidirectional is used for suppressing transient direct current voltage, the bidirectional is used for suppressing alternating current voltage, and the bidirectional is connected with the protected object in parallel.
Furthermore, according to the working condition of the steady-state protection circuit, the key is to limit the output voltage of the rectifier bridge, the maximum allowable output voltage of the rectifier bridge is 15V under the steady-state condition, and the maximum output voltage of the limit is 18V, so that the TVS of 18V is selected, and the unidirectional TVS with the model of P6KE18 is finally determined and connected in parallel to the output side of the rectifier bridge.
When the voltage at two ends of the TVS does not reach the clamping value, the TVS shows extremely high resistance state, and only leakage current is arranged at two ends of the TVS at the microampere level; when the voltage exceeds the clamping value, the TVS is changed from a high resistance state to a low resistance state, and the voltage is limited on the clamping value. And a unidirectional transient suppression diode is adopted to suppress transient direct current voltage, a bidirectional transient suppression diode is adopted to suppress alternating current voltage, and the transient suppression diode is connected with the protected object in parallel.
In summary, the energy-taking circuit is composed of a rectifying and filtering circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a charging circuit, a discharging circuit and a protection circuit, wherein the rectifying and filtering circuit converts the output of a coil into smoother direct current, the voltage stabilizing circuit provides stable energy supply voltage for monitoring equipment, a super capacitor is used as an energy storage element to store surplus energy output by the coil, and normal operation of a power supply system when the output power of the energy-taking coil is insufficient is ensured. And finally, the built protection circuit outputs energy through reasonably distributing coils, and controls the input voltage of the voltage stabilizing circuit within a specified range in the primary current change range, so that the selection range of devices in the whole power supply system is wider, the system cost is lower, and the circuit has certain expansibility and wide adaptability.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The energy taking circuit optimizing method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
rectifying and filtering the energy-taking coil to rectify the alternating current output by the energy-taking coil into direct current;
the output voltage of the rectifier bridge is processed into constant voltage through voltage stabilization;
charging the super capacitor through a constant voltage charging technology and voltage control of the MOSFET;
constructing a discharge circuit, calculating the maximum outputtable energy of the parallel connection of the two super capacitors, and selecting to perform boosting treatment on the super capacitors in parallel connection;
and connecting the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit with the voltage stabilizer through a protection circuit to construct a steady-state protection circuit, and setting a transient protection circuit according to the steady-state protection circuit.
2. The energy-taking circuit optimizing method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor as set forth in claim 1, wherein the energy-taking circuit optimizing method is characterized in that: the step of rectifying and filtering the energy-taking coil is that,
The circuit connected with the rear stage of the rectifier bridge is equivalent to impedance Z, the circuit of the rear stage is equivalent to pure resistive load R, and when the circuit is in an initial state and the voltage at the two ends of the filter capacitor C is 0, the charging time constant is as follows:
t＝RC
when reaching steady stateThe capacitance voltage is u c When the coil outputs the voltage u 0 Lower than the capacitance voltage u c When the diode is cut off and the secondary side current is cut off, the filter capacitor discharges through the load R, the capacitor voltageThe voltage drops exponentially; when t 1 Time coil output voltage u o (t 1 ) Higher than the capacitor voltage, the initial voltage of the capacitor is +.>The capacitance voltage is:
the time constant T is made to be greater than half of the power frequency period T, so that the capacitor voltage is stable in each power frequency period; when the output power of the voltage stabilizer is maximum, the equivalent input resistance is minimum, and the time constant is lowest, and the time constant t of the capacitor under the corresponding equivalent resistance is larger than 0.01s.
3. The energy-taking circuit optimizing method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor as set forth in claim 2, wherein the energy-taking circuit optimizing method is characterized in that: the super capacitor is charged by the following steps:
the voltage regulator is used as a constant voltage source to output voltage V S The super capacitor is charged through a diode and a current limiting resistor R;
control voltage: through diode to output voltage V OUT The capacitance value of the super capacitor is C, and the rated voltage is V cap The supercapacitor voltage is expressed as:
controlling charging time: rated voltage value V of super capacitor T Maximum chargeable toV M In V T As the charge cutoff voltage, the charge time is expressed as:
the capacitance value of the super capacitor is calculated, and the calculation steps are as follows:
the choice of the capacitance of the super-capacitor depends on the load power P and the specified capacitor energization time t s The minimum voltage of the discharge of the super capacitor is V cut The released energy is:
the relation between the energy supply time and the load power P is as follows:
when the power of the on-line monitoring device is P MIN ～P MAX mW, load current I variation range I MIN ～I MAX mA, operating voltage V G According to the energy distribution priority, adopting a constant voltage charging mode, and when the capacitor voltage is 0, the charging power is maximum, and the maximum charging current is I cmax The charging power is:
P c ＝V OUT I cmax
charging current-limiting resistor R c The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
when the capacitor is charged, the output current of the voltage stabilizer is I LDO When the voltage stabilizer input end equivalent resistance is:
when the super capacitor is charged, the equivalent resistance is reduced, and the rectifier bridge outputs the voltage U c Falling, voltage regulator input voltage V in Falling by voltage regulator input voltage V in As a signal for controlling the charging of the super capacitor, the input voltage V of the voltage stabilizer is set in Charging is started when the threshold voltage is larger than the threshold voltage, and the control of the input voltage on the charging is realized by using the MOSFET.
4. The energy-taking circuit optimizing method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor as set forth in claim 3, wherein the energy-taking circuit optimizing method is characterized in that: the charge control circuit is constructed in the steps of,
q1 and Q3 are N-MOSFETs, Q2 is P-MOSFET, ccap is super capacitor, and super capacitor voltage u c Below V OUT When entering a charging state, u c Higher than V T When the charging is stopped, a hysteresis comparator is used for setting charging hysteresis, the inverting terminal of the comparator is connected with a super capacitor, the capacitor voltage is used as an input signal, V 0 For the comparator output voltage, the supply voltage V cc Reference voltage V used as comparator ref ；
According to the characteristics of the operational amplifier, the equation is expressed as follows:
when the capacitor voltage reaches V inH At the time, the comparator outputs a voltage V 0 From V cc Jumping to 0, the equation is expressed as:
when the capacitor voltage reaches V inL At the time, the comparator outputs a voltage V 0 Jump from 0 to V cc The equation is expressed as:
when the input voltage of the voltage stabilizer and the voltage of the capacitor meet the conditions, the super capacitor enters a charging state.
5. The energy-taking circuit optimizing method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor as set forth in claim 4, wherein the energy-taking circuit optimizing method is characterized in that: the super capacitor is selected to be subjected to parallel boosting treatment, and the treatment steps are as follows:
Inductance value L is selected 1 The value of the input end capacitor C1 of the selected booster is higher than the inductance value, and the selected booster is equal to the inductance value L 1 The matched ceramic chip capacitor C2 is equal to the inductance value;
boosting super capacitor and outputting V max Voltage, the lowest input voltage is V min The maximum energy which can be output by the two super capacitors in parallel connection is as follows:
the enable terminal and the input terminal are connected by a resistor, the enable terminal is connected with the drain electrode of the N-MOSFET, and the grid electrode of the NMOSFET is connected with the input terminal.
6. The energy-taking circuit optimizing method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor as set forth in claim 5, wherein the energy-taking circuit optimizing method is characterized in that: the design and implementation steps of the steady-state protection circuit are that,
determining an introduced resistance value, adopting a parallel connection mode, and adopting a series energy discharging resistor to deepen the saturation degree of the coil and reduce the output power of the coil when the output power of the coil reaches the level that the redundant energy can be consumed in the voltage stabilizer;
setting the state of the protection circuit when oneWhen the secondary current increases, the total equivalent resistance is reduced in a parallel mode sequentially, the output power of the coil is reduced by increasing the resistance in a serial mode, the system temperature rise is reduced, and when the primary current increases, R is sequentially reduced 1 In parallel with the voltage stabilizer, R is 2 Is connected in series with the voltage stabilizer;
when the protection circuit does not enter a working state, the switch S1 is opened, the switch S2 is closed, the voltage stabilizer is directly connected with the rectifier bridge, the priority is allocated according to the energy of the energy taking circuit, the energy is stored under the condition that the output power of the voltage stabilizer is ensured, and the super capacitor is charged before the steady-state protection circuit is started.
7. The energy-taking circuit optimizing method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor as set forth in claim 6, wherein the energy-taking circuit optimizing method is characterized in that: before the steady-state protection circuit is started, the operation steps for charging the super capacitor are as follows:
when u is c >Starting charging at threshold voltage, setting rectified output voltageAt threshold voltage, S1 is closed and S2 is kept closed, R 1 Connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizer; when->At threshold voltage, S2, S1 is opened and closed, voltage stabilizer and R 1 After being connected in parallel, is connected with R 2 And (3) connecting in series.
8. A system for implementing the energy extraction circuit optimization method based on the voltage stabilizing technology and the super capacitor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
the rectification filter module is used for rectifying the alternating current output by the energy taking coil into direct current;
the voltage stabilizing module is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the rectifier bridge into constant voltage;
The super capacitor charging module is used for charging the super capacitor through a constant voltage charging technology and voltage control of the MOSFET;
the discharging circuit module is used for calculating the maximum outputtable energy of the parallel connection of the two super capacitors and selecting the parallel connection of the super capacitors for boosting treatment;
and the protection circuit module is used for connecting the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit with the voltage stabilizer through the protection circuit, constructing a steady-state protection circuit and setting a transient protection circuit according to the steady-state protection circuit.
9. A computer device, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory stores a computer program characterized in that: the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized by: the computer program implementing the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 7 when executed by a processor.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118100460A (en) * | 2024-04-24 | 2024-05-28 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | CT energy-taking device suitable for low-power consumption cable circulation current monitoring system |
| CN119070496A (en) * | 2024-11-05 | 2024-12-03 | 国网陕西省电力有限公司西咸新区供电公司 | Three-core cable leakage magnetic field energy-taking circuit and cable head discharge detection device |
-
2023
- 2023-09-27 CN CN202311263021.8A patent/CN117477731A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118100460A (en) * | 2024-04-24 | 2024-05-28 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | CT energy-taking device suitable for low-power consumption cable circulation current monitoring system |
| CN119070496A (en) * | 2024-11-05 | 2024-12-03 | 国网陕西省电力有限公司西咸新区供电公司 | Three-core cable leakage magnetic field energy-taking circuit and cable head discharge detection device |
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