CN117447277A - Process for producing bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure - Google Patents
Process for producing bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure Download PDFInfo
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- CN117447277A CN117447277A CN202310126267.4A CN202310126267A CN117447277A CN 117447277 A CN117447277 A CN 117447277A CN 202310126267 A CN202310126267 A CN 202310126267A CN 117447277 A CN117447277 A CN 117447277A
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013622 meat product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013348 organic food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a process for producing a biological organic fertilizer based on livestock manure, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) raw material preparation; (2) mixing and stirring raw materials; (3) primary fermentation; (4) secondary fermentation; (5) crushing, mixing and sieving; (6) granulating and drying; and (7) factory inspection. The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and in particular provides a process for producing a biological organic fertilizer based on livestock manure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, in particular to a process for producing a biological organic fertilizer based on livestock manure.
Background
Along with the improvement of the living standard of people, especially the increase of the demand of safe green foods and organic foods, the production structure of the agriculture and animal husbandry is standardized and rapidly developed in the direction of base localization, the production mode is mainly facility and safe organic production, and biological organic fertilizers such as biological organic fertilizers are the basis of green organic agriculture, and in the whole agricultural production link, the biological organic fertilizers are taken as the basis of agricultural production and can be necessarily well developed.
The development of cultivation industrialization and the expansion of production and operation scale provide a large amount of meat products with excellent quality and low price for the market, ensure the life of human substances and the social and economic development, and simultaneously cause serious pollution to the environment due to a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and residues of drug additives in the livestock and poultry feces. Because cattle and sheep are highly densely cultivated, the stable house is moist, dust, excrement, mildew pad and exhaled CO 2 And the like, the bad smell emitted affects the growth of livestock and the health of human bodies, and simultaneously, a large amount of feces are generated and accumulated, and the bad smell is a sensing source for breeding mosquitoes and flies and bacteria to reproduce diseases, so that the ecological environment is polluted. If not handled in time, this will have a serious impact on the ecological environment.
The planting industry has attracted general attention because of the long-term and large-scale application of fertilizers, the pollution to the environment is more and more serious, the soil is hardened, the groundwater is polluted, and the quality of agricultural products is reduced. At present, the country definitely carries out water and soil conservation and pollution control in a water source protection area, forbids the use of extremely toxic and high-residue pesticides, and gradually reduces the use amount of fertilizers and pesticides. In order to realize sustainable development of agriculture and achieve the purposes of high yield, high quality and high efficiency, various countries in the world utilize beneficial microorganisms in soil to improve microecological systems of crop rhizosphere soil, release indissolvable phosphorus and potassium elements with rich content in the soil, or convert substances which are difficult to be utilized by crops into available effective nutrient substances, relieve contradiction between supply and demand of fertilizer and eliminate adverse effects of ecological environment.
The bio-organic fertilizer is used for harmless and recycling of livestock manure through a continuous pool type fermentation technology, accords with three industrial policies of national agriculture, high technology and environmental protection, and is also a novel microbial fertilizer most representative in compliance with the world fertilizer development direction. In recent years, with the continuous development of the organic planting scale, the centralized large-scale operation is realized, the management is continuously perfect, the quality of technicians is greatly improved, the bio-organic fertilizer is gradually and largely used, the organic fertilizer is applied to farmers by finance in various urban areas of China in recent years, the enthusiasm of the farmers for using the organic fertilizer is greatly encouraged, the benefits of the organic fertilizer are gradually realized, and the market share of the organic fertilizer is increased year by year.
Under the background, the invention aims to provide a process for producing a bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to make up the prior defects, the invention provides a process for producing a biological organic fertilizer based on livestock manure, which uses a microbial fermentation inoculant and uses cow manure and crop straws as main raw materials, and achieves the purpose of innocuity by a biological fermentation technology, improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and further achieves the purpose of improving the quality of agricultural products.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: the invention provides a process for producing a biological organic fertilizer based on livestock manure, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation
The raw materials comprise straw, livestock manure and zymophyte agent
The outsourced plant straws and livestock and poultry manure are transported to a factory raw material workshop by a special automobile, the straws are sent into a factory fermentation workshop to be crushed, the straws are processed and crushed by a crusher for standby, and the livestock and poultry manure is directly sent into a fermentation tank of the fermentation workshop for temporary storage;
the outsourced microbial fermentation inoculant is piled up in a raw material workshop for standby, and is mixed with straw and livestock manure before composting;
(2) Mixing and stirring of raw materials
Mixing the crushed straw and livestock manure according to a certain proportion, and mixing and stirring the mixture in a fermentation tank by a stirrer in order to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of the materials by matching with a fermentation inoculant;
(3) Primary fermentation
Fermenting the materials in a fermentation tank, controlling fermentation parameters including fermentation temperature and oxygen content, ensuring that the fermentation materials are in an optimal state of microbial reproduction, enabling various microorganisms to be propagated in a large quantity under a proper environment, decomposing complex organic matters into simple micromolecular organic matters which are easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants through metabolism of the microorganisms, piling mixed raw materials, raising the temperature to above 60 ℃ within 24-48h, starting formally turning the piles after keeping the mixed raw materials for 48h, and turning the piles uniformly and thoroughly when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, wherein the lower-layer materials are turned into the upper middle part of the piles as far as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed;
the primary fermentation is aerobic fermentation, the aerobic fermentation complete process is fermentation with the average temperature of not less than 7 balances kept above 55 ℃, the aerobic fermentation complete composting process consists of four stages of low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature reduction, the temperature gradually falls back from low to high in the four stages, at the moment, the materials have no peculiar smell, the fermentation can be ended, a ventilation pipeline at the bottom of the pond can carry out oxygenation and ventilation at any time according to the detected oxygen content and temperature in the composting process, long-chain substances easy to spoil in the fermentation stage are decomposed into stable short-chain micromolecules, heat is released in the form of water vapor, the water content is reduced, the water content can be reduced to below 40% after the aerobic fermentation is ended, most of organic substances are degraded in the aerobic fermentation process, infectious microbes, eggs and grass seeds are killed, and due to the reduction of the organic substances and the accumulation of metabolites, the growth of microorganisms and the decomposition speed of the organic substances are slowed down, the fermentation temperature begins to be reduced, and the microorganisms enter into a reduced growth period;
(4) Secondary fermentation
Conveying the materials in a fermentation workshop to a nano-film fermentation area by using a forklift for secondary fermentation, wherein the secondary fermentation is anaerobic fermentation, and the materials after primary fermentation are decomposed stable fertilizer, and then performing film-covered secondary fermentation on the materials, so that the materials are subjected to anaerobic preservation substantially to be fertilizer; the anaerobic fermentation needs 5-10 days, the residual organic matters are further decomposed, dried and stabilized, and in the whole fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is measured and recorded every day except the pile turning operation, so that the fermentation monitoring record is made; in the anaerobic fermentation stage, the non-decomposed polymer is continuously decomposed under the action of bacteria, and after the anaerobic fermentation is finished, the manure forms the organic fertilizer with the water content of below 30 percent, looseness and no odor;
(5) Crushing, mixing and sieving
Crushing, mixing and screening the products after anaerobic fermentation, crushing the fermented compost after controlling the water content to be less than 30%, adding trace elements and water for mixing, and screening;
(6) Granulating and drying
The crushed and mixed organic fertilizer is conveyed to a granulator by a conveyor belt, is conveyed to a granulating disc for granulating, is dried and cooled after granulating, finally enters a packaging machine for mechanical metering and packaging, is packaged and is put into a finished product warehouse for sale, and the undersize is returned to anaerobic fermentation; the drying adopts a roller dryer and is provided with an electric boiler, the material is dried by utilizing boiler steam, and an air cooler is adopted for air cooling after the drying;
(7) Delivery inspection
Each batch is subjected to sampling detection, if the stock time is long, the sampling detection is required periodically every month, and the qualified batch can be taken as a product to leave a factory.
Preferably, the straw in the step (1) is crushed to a particle size less than or equal to 2cm.
Preferably, the fermentation inoculant in the step (1) is a BGB microbial fermentation inoculant.
Further, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material in the step (2) is adjusted to 25:1, the water content is regulated to 50-60%.
Preferably, the aerobic fermentation in the step (3) is a main production link of the project pollutants, and the fermentation process requires that the fermentation process must achieve sufficient contact between materials and air, so that the project fermentation tanks are all open type, and malodorous gas generated during the storage of livestock and poultry manure and the fermentation of the mixed materials is collected and then enters a biological deodorization device for deodorization treatment.
Further, the anaerobic fermentation in the step (4) is a closed anaerobic fermentation, so that the malodor emission is less, and the anaerobic fermentation can be treated by spraying a biological deodorant.
Further, the microelements in the step (5) comprise iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum and boron.
Further, the mesh size of the sieving in the step (5) is 3mm.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention by adopting the structure are as follows: the process for producing the bio-organic fertilizer based on the livestock manure provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The technology utilizes microbial fermentation inoculant, uses cow dung, sheep manure and crop straw as main raw materials, and achieves the purpose of innocuity, improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and further achieving the purpose of improving the quality of agricultural products through a biological fermentation technology;
(2) The organic fertilizer processing belongs to a process of changing waste into valuable, is environment-friendly for treating solid wastes of the breeding industry, does not need water in the whole production process, only generates a certain odor when raw materials enter a factory in the early stage of production, and has less dust diffusion, no waste emission and less influence on the atmospheric environment in the whole production process by adopting a fully-closed mixing process and dust removing equipment;
(3) The product is nontoxic and low in smell, safe to people and livestock, free of three wastes in a production area, free of inflammable and explosive products, safe in production process and easy to prevent, and can ensure the implementation of fire-fighting measures by purchasing part of handheld fire-fighting equipment only by conventional fireproof measures;
(4) The production equipment adopts a totally-enclosed mixing process, and can not cause harm to human bodies.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of a process for producing a bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a process for producing a bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation
The raw materials comprise straw, livestock manure and zymophyte agent
The outsourced plant straws and livestock and poultry manure are transported to a factory raw material workshop by a special automobile, the straws are sent into a factory fermentation workshop to be crushed, the straws are processed and crushed by a crusher for standby, the particle size of the crushed straws is less than or equal to 2cm, and the livestock and poultry manure is directly sent into a fermentation tank of the fermentation workshop for temporary storage;
the outsourced microbial fermentation inoculant is piled up in a raw material workshop for standby, wherein the fermentation inoculant is preferably BGB microbial fermentation inoculant, and is mixed with straw and livestock manure before composting;
(2) Mixing and stirring of raw materials
Mixing crushed straw and livestock manure according to a certain proportion, and mixing and stirring by a stirrer in a fermentation tank by matching with a fermentation inoculant so as to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of the materials to 25:1, the water content is regulated to 50% -60%;
(3) Primary fermentation
Fermenting the materials in a fermentation tank, controlling fermentation parameters including fermentation temperature and oxygen content, ensuring that the fermentation materials are in an optimal state of microbial reproduction, enabling various microorganisms to be propagated in a large quantity under a proper environment, decomposing complex organic matters into simple micromolecular organic matters which are easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants through metabolism of the microorganisms, piling mixed raw materials, raising the temperature to above 60 ℃ within 24-48h, starting formally turning the piles after keeping the mixed raw materials for 48h, and turning the piles uniformly and thoroughly when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, wherein the lower-layer materials are turned into the upper middle part of the piles as far as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed;
the primary fermentation is aerobic fermentation, the aerobic fermentation complete process is fermentation with the average temperature of not less than 7 balances kept above 55 ℃, the aerobic fermentation complete composting process consists of four stages of low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature reduction, the temperature gradually falls back from low to high in the four stages, at the moment, the materials have no peculiar smell, the fermentation can be ended, a ventilation pipeline at the bottom of the pond can carry out oxygenation and ventilation at any time according to the detected oxygen content and temperature in the composting process, long-chain substances easy to spoil in the fermentation stage are decomposed into stable short-chain micromolecules, heat is released in the form of water vapor, the water content is reduced, the water content can be reduced to below 40% after the aerobic fermentation is ended, most of organic substances are degraded in the aerobic fermentation process, infectious microbes, eggs and grass seeds are killed, and due to the reduction of the organic substances and the accumulation of metabolites, the growth of microorganisms and the decomposition speed of the organic substances are slowed down, the fermentation temperature begins to be reduced, and the microorganisms enter into a reduced growth period;
the aerobic fermentation is a main generation link of pollutants in the project, and the fermentation process requires that the fermentation process must realize the full contact of materials and air, so that the project fermentation tanks are all open type, and malodorous gas generated during the stockpiling of livestock and poultry manure and the fermentation of mixed materials is collected by the malodorous gas and then enters a biological deodorization device for deodorization treatment;
(4) Secondary fermentation
Conveying the materials in a fermentation workshop to a nano-film fermentation area by using a forklift for secondary fermentation, wherein the secondary fermentation is anaerobic fermentation, and the materials after primary fermentation are decomposed stable fertilizer, and then performing film-covered secondary fermentation on the materials, so that the materials are subjected to anaerobic preservation substantially to be fertilizer; the anaerobic fermentation needs 5-10 days, the residual organic matters are further decomposed, dried and stabilized, and in the whole fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is measured and recorded every day except the pile turning operation, so that the fermentation monitoring record is made; in the anaerobic fermentation stage, the non-decomposed polymer is continuously decomposed under the action of bacteria, and after the anaerobic fermentation is finished, the manure forms the organic fertilizer with the water content of below 30 percent, looseness and no odor;
the anaerobic fermentation in the step (4) is closed anaerobic fermentation, so that the malodor emission is less, and the anaerobic fermentation can be treated by spraying a biological deodorant;
(5) Crushing, mixing and sieving
Crushing, mixing and screening the products after anaerobic fermentation, crushing the fermented compost after controlling the water content to be less than 30%, adding microelements and water for mixing, and screening by adopting a screen with the screen aperture of 3mm, wherein the microelements comprise iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum and boron;
(6) Granulating and drying
The crushed and mixed organic fertilizer is conveyed to a granulator by a conveyor belt, is conveyed to a granulating disc for granulating, is dried and cooled after granulating, finally enters a packaging machine for mechanical metering and packaging, is packaged and is put into a finished product warehouse for sale, and the undersize is returned to anaerobic fermentation; the drying adopts a roller dryer and is provided with an electric boiler, the material is dried by utilizing boiler steam, and an air cooler is adopted for air cooling after the drying;
(7) Delivery inspection
Each batch is subjected to sampling detection, if the stock time is long, the sampling detection is required periodically every month, and the qualified batch can be taken as a product to leave a factory.
The specific reference of the inspection indexes of the organic fertilizer delivered from the factory is as follows:
organic fertilizer technical index list
In addition, in the production process of the organic fertilizer, in order to reduce environmental pollution, the following measures are adopted in factory building and production:
1. the production sites are all plugged with cement ground, so that the cleaning is convenient, and sewage is prevented from penetrating into the ground due to rain;
2. the raw materials enter a fermentation workshop for processing in time, so that the stacking time is shortened;
3. the fermentation workshop adopts sealed production and has ventilation facilities.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The process for producing the bio-organic fertilizer based on the livestock manure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Raw material preparation
The raw materials comprise straw, livestock manure and zymophyte agent
The outsourced plant straws and livestock and poultry manure are transported to a factory raw material workshop by a special automobile, the straws are sent into a factory fermentation workshop to be crushed, the straws are processed and crushed by a crusher for standby, and the livestock and poultry manure is directly sent into a fermentation tank of the fermentation workshop for temporary storage;
the outsourced microbial fermentation inoculant is piled up in a raw material workshop for standby, and is mixed with straw and livestock manure before composting;
(2) Mixing and stirring of raw materials
Mixing the crushed straw and livestock manure according to a certain proportion, and mixing and stirring the mixture in a fermentation tank by a stirrer in order to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of the materials by matching with a fermentation inoculant;
(3) Primary fermentation
Fermenting the materials in a fermentation tank, controlling fermentation parameters including fermentation temperature and oxygen content, ensuring that the fermentation materials are in an optimal state of microbial reproduction, enabling various microorganisms to be propagated in a large quantity under a proper environment, decomposing complex organic matters into simple micromolecular organic matters which are easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants through metabolism of the microorganisms, piling mixed raw materials, raising the temperature to above 60 ℃ within 24-48h, starting formally turning the piles after keeping the mixed raw materials for 48h, and turning the piles uniformly and thoroughly when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, wherein the lower-layer materials are turned into the upper middle part of the piles as far as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed;
the primary fermentation is aerobic fermentation, the aerobic fermentation complete process is fermentation with the average temperature of not less than 7 balances kept above 55 ℃, the aerobic fermentation complete composting process consists of four stages of low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature reduction, the temperature gradually falls back from low to high in the four stages, at the moment, the materials have no peculiar smell, the fermentation can be ended, a ventilation pipeline at the bottom of the pond can carry out oxygenation and ventilation at any time according to the detected oxygen content and temperature in the composting process, long-chain substances easy to spoil in the fermentation stage are decomposed into stable short-chain micromolecules, heat is released in the form of water vapor, the water content is reduced, the water content can be reduced to below 40% after the aerobic fermentation is ended, most of organic substances are degraded in the aerobic fermentation process, infectious microbes, eggs and grass seeds are killed, and due to the reduction of the organic substances and the accumulation of metabolites, the growth of microorganisms and the decomposition speed of the organic substances are slowed down, the fermentation temperature begins to be reduced, and the microorganisms enter into a reduced growth period;
(4) Secondary fermentation
Conveying the materials in a fermentation workshop to a nano-film fermentation area by using a forklift for secondary fermentation, wherein the secondary fermentation is anaerobic fermentation, and the materials after primary fermentation are decomposed stable fertilizer, and then performing film-covered secondary fermentation on the materials, so that the materials are subjected to anaerobic preservation substantially to be fertilizer; the anaerobic fermentation needs 5-10 days, the residual organic matters are further decomposed, dried and stabilized, and in the whole fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is measured and recorded every day except the pile turning operation, so that the fermentation monitoring record is made; in the anaerobic fermentation stage, the non-decomposed polymer is continuously decomposed under the action of bacteria, and after the anaerobic fermentation is finished, the manure forms the organic fertilizer with the water content of below 30 percent, looseness and no odor;
(5) Crushing, mixing and sieving
Crushing, mixing and screening the products after anaerobic fermentation, crushing the fermented compost after controlling the water content to be less than 30%, adding trace elements and water for mixing, and screening;
(6) Granulating and drying
The crushed and mixed organic fertilizer is conveyed to a granulator by a conveyor belt, is conveyed to a granulating disc for granulating, is dried and cooled after granulating, finally enters a packaging machine for mechanical metering and packaging, is packaged and is put into a finished product warehouse for sale, and the undersize is returned to anaerobic fermentation; the drying adopts a roller dryer and is provided with an electric boiler, the material is dried by utilizing boiler steam, and an air cooler is adopted for air cooling after the drying;
(7) Delivery inspection
Each batch is subjected to sampling detection, if the stock time is long, the sampling detection is required periodically every month, and the qualified batch can be taken as a product to leave a factory.
2. The process for producing the bio-organic fertilizer based on the livestock manure according to claim 1, wherein the straw in the step (1) is crushed to a grain size less than or equal to 2cm.
3. The process for producing the bio-organic fertilizer based on the livestock manure according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation inoculant in the step (1) is a BGB microbial fermentation inoculant.
4. The process for producing a bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure according to claim 1, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material in the step (2) is adjusted to 25:1, the water content is regulated to 50-60%.
5. The process for producing the bio-organic fertilizer based on the livestock manure according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation tanks adopted in the aerobic fermentation in the step (3) are all open, and malodorous gas generated during the livestock manure piling and the mixed material fermentation is collected and enters a biological deodorization device for deodorization treatment.
6. The process for producing a bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic fermentation in the step (4) is a closed anaerobic fermentation, and the malodor emission is less, and the process can be performed by spraying a bio-deodorant.
7. The process for producing the bio-organic fertilizer based on the livestock manure according to claim 1, wherein the microelements in the step (5) comprise iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum and boron.
8. The process for producing a bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure according to claim 1, wherein the sieve in the step (5) has a mesh size of 3mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310126267.4A CN117447277A (en) | 2023-02-17 | 2023-02-17 | Process for producing bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure |
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| CN202310126267.4A CN117447277A (en) | 2023-02-17 | 2023-02-17 | Process for producing bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure |
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