CN117444323A - Efficient machining forming milling cutter for herringbone gears and machining method - Google Patents
Efficient machining forming milling cutter for herringbone gears and machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117444323A CN117444323A CN202311308597.1A CN202311308597A CN117444323A CN 117444323 A CN117444323 A CN 117444323A CN 202311308597 A CN202311308597 A CN 202311308597A CN 117444323 A CN117444323 A CN 117444323A
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- milling cutter
- herringbone gear
- gear
- tooth
- cutter
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F21/12—Milling tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F7/00—Making herringbone gear teeth
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a herringbone gear efficient machining forming milling cutter and a machining method, wherein the forming milling cutter is made of imported high-performance powder metallurgy high-speed steel S390, the quenching hardness of the edge part of the forming milling cutter is HRC65.5-67, and the hardness of the handle part of the forming milling cutter is HRC45-58; the cutting edge profile of the formed milling cutter is a complete involute tooth profile designed according to the meshing parameters of the processed herringbone gear; the cutting edge of the formed milling cutter is spiral; at least one chip breaker is provided on each cutting edge of the formed milling cutter. When the herringbone gear is machined, the forming milling cutter is adopted to mill to the full tooth depth at one time, and the herringbone gear is roughly machined. When the forming milling cutter is used for rough milling of the herringbone gear, compared with the existing common cutter, the full-tooth depth can be milled at one time, the cutting speed and the feed amount are about 30% higher than those of a common high-speed steel milling cutter, the tooth cutting efficiency is greatly improved, and the tooth milling efficiency is more than doubled when the bar milling cutter is used for enveloping and processing the tooth shape by the existing numerical control tooth milling machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gear machining, in particular to a herringbone gear efficient machining forming milling cutter and a machining method.
Background
The herringbone gear without the empty cutter groove or the herringbone gear with the small empty cutter groove is a herringbone gear which cannot be processed by a hob or a disc milling cutter. The herringbone gear is machined by a forming finger-shaped milling cutter on a gear hobbing machine or a gear milling machine, and by a small-diameter bar milling cutter on a numerical control gear milling machine by an enveloping tooth method. At present, common high-speed steel finger milling cutters are generally used for milling teeth of medium and small modulus herringbone gears, or numerical control milling machines are used for milling teeth by enveloping tooth shapes of small diameter rod milling cutters, but the processing efficiency of the methods is generally lower.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a forming milling cutter and a machining method that can improve the machining efficiency of herringbone gears.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forming milling cutter for rough machining of herringbone gears and a machining method thereof, which are used for solving the problems existing in the prior art, wherein the forming milling cutter is manufactured by adopting a high-performance powder metallurgy high-speed steel material S390, a forming milling blade part is subjected to surface coating treatment after quenching treatment and fine grinding, the coating material is AlCrN, the coating layer is 5 microns deep, and a cutting blade has high hardness and better toughness, namely wear resistance and impact resistance; the cutting edge is designed into a spiral shape, a certain number of chip separation grooves are designed on the effective edge length, the cutting force is smaller, the full tooth depth can be milled at one time during tooth milling, the cutting speed and the feed amount are about 30% higher than those of a common high-speed steel milling cutter, and the cutting efficiency is much higher than that of the conventional tooth milling method.
The invention is realized in such a way that the herringbone gear efficiently processes the formed milling cutter, wherein the formed milling cutter is made of imported high-performance powder metallurgy high-speed steel S390, the quenching hardness of the edge part of the formed milling cutter is HRC65.5-67, and the hardness of the handle part of the formed milling cutter is HRC45-58; the cutting edge profile of the forming milling cutter is a complete involute tooth profile designed according to the meshing parameters of the processed herringbone gear; the cutting edge of the forming milling cutter is spiral; at least one chip breaker is provided on each cutting edge of the formed milling cutter.
In the above technical solution, preferably, after quenching treatment, the edge portion of the formed milling cutter is subjected to fine grinding, and then is subjected to surface coating treatment, wherein the coating material is AlCrN, and the coating depth is 5 micrometers.
In the above-described aspect, preferably, the helix angle of the helical cutting edge is 30 °.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the grooves of the chip-dividing grooves are formed in a mode that the groove bottom radius R is 0.5mm, the groove depth is 0.75mm, the distance between every two adjacent chip-dividing grooves on each cutting edge is 10mm, and the chip-dividing grooves on every two adjacent cutting edges are arranged in a staggered mode, and the staggered distance is 5mm.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the top edge cutting angle of the formed milling cutter is: the front angle of the top edge is 5 degrees, and the back angle of the top edge is 8 degrees.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the peripheral edge cutting angle of the formed milling cutter: the front angle of the circumferential edge is 8 degrees, and the back angle of the circumferential edge is 10 degrees.
A herringbone gear machining method comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, mounting a side-fixed cutter handle on a main shaft of a gear milling machine, and mounting and clamping the formed milling cutter in the side-fixed cutter handle;
s2, mounting the pre-processed herringbone gear on a clamping fixture of a gear milling machine workbench, aligning according to the addendum circle of the herringbone gear, aligning according to the end face of the herringbone gear, wherein the error is not more than 0.02mm, aligning according to the end face of the herringbone gear, and clamping the herringbone gear, wherein the error is not more than 0.01 mm;
s3, the top edge of the formed milling cutter is attached to a herringbone gear tooth top circle, so that tool setting, namely a tooth depth upper tool zero point is realized; then adjusting a gear milling machine to enable an upper cutter of the forming milling cutter to mill to full tooth depth at one time, roughly machining the herringbone gear, and finishing rough machining of all the teeth;
and S4, finally, changing the finish machining milling cutter to mill the herringbone gear tooth thickness to the required size of the drawing.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
when the forming milling cutter is used for rough milling of the herringbone gear, compared with the existing common cutter, the full-tooth depth can be milled at one time during milling, the cutting speed and the feed amount are about 30% higher than those of a common high-speed steel milling cutter, the gear cutting efficiency is greatly improved, and the gear milling efficiency is more than doubled when the bar milling cutter is used for enveloping and processing the gear shape by the existing numerical control gear milling machine; and after rough milling, finishing milling cutters are used for finishing the thickness of the herringbone gear teeth to the required drawing size, so that the overall efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a formed milling cutter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the configuration of the top edge A-A of the formed milling cutter of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the configuration of the peripheral edge B-B of the formed milling cutter of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a flute of a cutting edge portion of a formed milling cutter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. shaping the edge of the milling cutter; 2. shaping the shank of the milling cutter; 3. and a chip dividing groove.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a herringbone gear efficient machining formed milling cutter, wherein the formed milling cutter is made of imported high performance powder metallurgy high speed steel S390, after quenching treatment, the edge portion 1 of the formed milling cutter is subjected to fine grinding, and then is subjected to surface coating treatment, the coating material is AlCrN, the coating layer depth is 5 micrometers, the quenching hardness of the edge portion 1 of the formed milling cutter is HRC65.5-67, and the hardness of the shank portion 2 of the formed milling cutter is HRC45-58.
The cutting edge profile of the formed milling cutter is a complete involute tooth profile designed according to the meshing parameters of the processed herringbone gear.
The cutting edge of the formed milling cutter is spiral, and the spiral angle is 30 degrees.
At least one chip breaker 3 is provided on each cutting edge of the formed milling cutter. The grooves of the chip-dividing grooves 3 are formed in a mode that the groove bottom radius R is 0.5mm, the groove depth is 0.75mm, the distance between every two adjacent chip-dividing grooves 3 on each cutting edge is 10mm, the chip-dividing grooves 3 on every two adjacent cutting edges are arranged in a staggered mode, and the staggered distance is 5mm.
The top edge cutting angle of the formed milling cutter is as follows: the front angle of the top edge is 5 degrees, and the back angle of the top edge is 8 degrees.
Circumferential edge cutting angle of the formed milling cutter: the front angle of the circumferential edge is 8 degrees, and the back angle of the circumferential edge is 10 degrees.
The specific implementation process of the invention is as follows:
the following parameters are used for herringbone gear engagement: end face modulus 14, end face pressure angle 20 °, tooth number 28, full tooth depth 26.3886, common normal length 139.919 (-0.139/-0.239), cross-measured tooth number 4, gear precision 7-stage design forming milling cutter, specifically as follows:
1. the formed milling cutter is made of imported high-performance powder metallurgy high-speed steel S390, the edge of the formed milling cutter is subjected to quenching treatment and then finish grinding, then surface coating treatment is carried out, the coating material is AlCrN, the coating layer depth is 5 microns, the quenching hardness is HRC65.5-67, and the shank hardness of the formed milling cutter is HRC45-58.
2. Involute tooth profile coordinates (X0, Y0) are calculated according to the herringbone gear meshing parameters, and profile coordinates (X, Y) of the cutting edge of the formed milling cutter are: x=x0-0.5, y=y0, see fig. 2.
3. The number of teeth Z of the cutting edge is 4, the design is spiral, and the helix angle beta is 30 degrees.
4. The cutting edges are provided with chip-dividing grooves, the groove is of groove bottom radius R0.5mm and groove depth 0.75mm, the distance between every two adjacent chip-dividing grooves on each cutting edge is 10mm, and the chip-dividing grooves on the two adjacent cutting edges are staggered, and the staggered distance is 5mm.
5. Top edge cutting angle: front angle 5 °, back angle 8 °.
6. Circumferential edge cutting angle: front angle 8 °, back angle 10 °.
7. The diameter of the handle is phi 32, and the clamping mode is side-fixed.
The specific processing method for processing the herringbone gear by adopting the formed milling cutter comprises the following steps:
firstly, a side-fixed cutter handle is arranged on a main shaft of the gear milling machine, and the formed milling cutter is arranged in the side-fixed cutter handle of the main shaft of the gear milling machine through a handle part of the formed milling cutter and clamped. And then the pre-processed herringbone gear is arranged on a mould of a workbench of the gear milling machine, the gear is aligned according to the addendum circle of the herringbone gear, the error is not more than 0.02mm, the gear is aligned according to the end face of the herringbone gear, the error is not more than 0.01mm, and the herringbone gear is clamped. Then, the top edge of the formed milling cutter is abutted against the top circle of the herringbone gear teeth, so that tool setting, namely the deep tooth cutting zero point is realized; and then the gear milling machine is adjusted to enable the upper cutter of the forming milling cutter to mill to the full tooth depth at one time, the herringbone gear is roughly machined, and the rough machining of all the teeth is completed. And finally, milling the herringbone gear teeth by a finishing milling cutter until the gear teeth are thicker than the drawing required size.
In summary, compared with the existing common cutters, when the forming milling cutter is used for rough milling of the herringbone gears, the full-tooth depth can be milled at one time during milling, the cutting speed and the feed rate are about 30% higher than those of a common high-speed steel milling cutter, the gear cutting efficiency is greatly improved, and the gear milling efficiency is more than doubled compared with that of the existing numerical control gear milling machine which adopts a rod milling cutter for enveloping and processing the tooth shape; and after rough milling, finishing milling cutters are used for finishing the thickness of the herringbone gear teeth to the required drawing size, so that the overall efficiency is greatly improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified or some or all of the technical features may be replaced equivalently, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical scheme deviate from the scope of the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A herringbone gear high-efficient processing shaping milling cutter which characterized in that: the formed milling cutter is made of imported high-performance powder metallurgy high-speed steel S390, the quenching hardness of the edge part of the formed milling cutter is HRC65.5-67, and the hardness of the handle part of the formed milling cutter is HRC45-58; the cutting edge profile of the forming milling cutter is a complete involute tooth profile designed according to the meshing parameters of the processed herringbone gear; the cutting edge of the forming milling cutter is spiral; at least one chip breaker is provided on each cutting edge of the formed milling cutter.
2. The herringbone gear efficient machining forming milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein: and after quenching treatment, carrying out fine grinding on the edge part of the formed milling cutter, and then carrying out surface coating treatment, wherein the coating material is AlCrN, and the coating depth is 5 microns.
3. The herringbone gear efficient machining forming milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein: the helix angle of the helical cutting edge is 30 °.
4. The herringbone gear efficient machining forming milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein: the grooves of the chip-dividing grooves are formed in a mode that the groove bottom radius R is 0.5mm, the groove depth is 0.75mm, the distance between every two adjacent chip-dividing grooves on each cutting edge is 10mm, the chip-dividing grooves on the two adjacent cutting edges are arranged in a staggered mode, and the staggered distance is 5mm.
5. The herringbone gear efficient machining forming milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein: the top edge cutting angle of the formed milling cutter is as follows: the front angle of the top edge is 5 degrees, and the back angle of the top edge is 8 degrees.
6. The herringbone gear efficient machining forming milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein: circumferential edge cutting angle of the formed milling cutter: the front angle of the circumferential edge is 8 degrees, and the back angle of the circumferential edge is 10 degrees.
7. A herringbone gear processing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, installing a side-fixed cutter handle on a main shaft of a gear milling machine, and installing and clamping the formed milling cutter of any one of claims 1-6 in the side-fixed cutter handle;
s2, mounting the pre-processed herringbone gear on a clamping fixture of a gear milling machine workbench, aligning according to the addendum circle of the herringbone gear, aligning according to the end face of the herringbone gear, wherein the error is not more than 0.02mm, aligning according to the end face of the herringbone gear, and clamping the herringbone gear, wherein the error is not more than 0.01 mm;
s3, the top edge of the formed milling cutter is attached to a herringbone gear tooth top circle, so that tool setting, namely a tooth depth upper tool zero point is realized; then adjusting a gear milling machine to enable the upper cutter of the forming milling cutter to mill to the full tooth depth at one time, roughly machining the herringbone gear, and finishing rough machining of all the teeth;
and S4, finally, changing the finish machining milling cutter to mill the herringbone gear tooth thickness to the required size of the drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311308597.1A CN117444323A (en) | 2023-10-10 | 2023-10-10 | Efficient machining forming milling cutter for herringbone gears and machining method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311308597.1A CN117444323A (en) | 2023-10-10 | 2023-10-10 | Efficient machining forming milling cutter for herringbone gears and machining method |
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| CN117444323A true CN117444323A (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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| CN202311308597.1A Pending CN117444323A (en) | 2023-10-10 | 2023-10-10 | Efficient machining forming milling cutter for herringbone gears and machining method |
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| CN (1) | CN117444323A (en) |
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- 2023-10-10 CN CN202311308597.1A patent/CN117444323A/en active Pending
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