CN117424945A - GSM uplink processing system and method applied to O-RU - Google Patents
GSM uplink processing system and method applied to O-RU Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of wireless access networks, and provides a GSM uplink processing system and method applied to O-RU, comprising the following steps: the mixer is used for carrying out mixing processing on the GSM carrier signals acquired in the O-RU; the digital down-conversion module is used for extracting and filtering the mixed GSM carrier signals; the resampling filter is used for resampling the signals after the extraction and filtering treatment, and reducing the sampling rate to enable the sampling rate of the GSM carrier signal to meet the virtual LTE carrier bandwidth; and the uplink framing device is used for packaging the GSM carrier signal data into a virtual LET carrier form meeting the O-RAN protocol and then sending the virtual LET carrier form to the O-RAN protocol stack for transmission. The invention can realize the support of GSM under the existing O-RAN protocol framework, and simultaneously generates the GSM data packet by utilizing an autonomous framing mode, and actively transmits data to the O-DU, thereby avoiding the occupation of downlink bandwidth by using a request signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless access networks, in particular to a GSM uplink processing system and method applied to O-RU.
Background
2G GSM (global system for mobile communications) is a second generation mobile communications technology and is also the first international standard for digital mobile communications. It is popular in the 90 s of the 20 th century and lays a foundation for the development of the field of mobile communication. Although 2G GSM has achieved great success in its time-series, it is gradually replaced by faster, higher capacity technologies such as 3G, 4G, and 5G as the demand for mobile communications increases. Although 4G/5G technology is now becoming the mainstream in most parts of the world, 2G GSM networks are still providing services in europe, africa, etc., and there is still a need for GSM.
Open RAN (Open Radio Access Network) is an emerging mobile communication network architecture, which aims to break the traditional closed radio frequency access network, and through Open standards and interfaces, achieve interoperability of network elements, thereby improving flexibility and scalability of the network. The O-RAN has realized interface definition of 4G/5G, and 4G/5G test networks based on the O-RAN have been built. However, for some operators, there are still many users of GSM that are using the network, and if the operators use an O-RAN based architecture to build the network, GSM becomes a standard that must be supported. Although the O-RAN alliance is currently developing rapidly, 2G GSM is still not included in the scope of support.
The 4G/5G technology's fronthaul interface has been well defined and well defined functional partitioning under the framework of O-RAN, and current O-RU has provided omnidirectional support for 4G and 5G. In addition to 4G/5G, some operators around the world still have a certain demand for the 2G GSM system, however the support of the 2G GSM system is not defined in the O-RAN protocol and does not support GSM. The carrier bandwidth of the GSM signal is 200Khz, and the data sampling rate is 270.833ksps. However, the signal processing in the RU is based on an integer multiple of 3.84Msps, and if the original GSM data is directly sent to the RU, the RU needs a special resampling filter to resample the sample rate in the RU to the sample rate of 270.833ksps, and this special filter design needs to consume a lot of FPGA resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the demands of operators on the GSM system, a GSM uplink processing system and a method which can be realized on an O-RU are provided, so that the support of the O-RU on the GSM system is realized. The O-RAN protocol has defined the interfaces of 4G and 5G, and in order to simplify the development work of GSM, GSM may be processed in a virtual LTE carrier manner, so that GSM support may be implemented under the existing O-RAN protocol framework.
The first aspect of the present invention proposes a GSM uplink processing system applied to an O-RU, comprising:
the mixer is used for carrying out mixing processing on the GSM carrier signals acquired in the O-RU;
the digital down-conversion module is used for extracting and filtering the mixed GSM carrier signals;
the resampling filter is used for resampling the signals after the extraction and filtering treatment, and reducing the sampling rate to enable the sampling rate of the GSM carrier signal to meet the virtual LTE carrier bandwidth; and
and the uplink framing device is used for packaging the GSM carrier signal data into a virtual LET carrier form meeting the O-RAN protocol and then sending the virtual LET carrier form to the O-RAN protocol stack for transmission.
Furthermore, the uplink framing device controls the sending of uplink GSM data in an autonomous transmission mode.
Further, the digital down-conversion module comprises a decimation filter, a delay adjuster, a gain adjuster and a channel filter which are connected in sequence; the extraction filter is used for extracting the mixed GSM carrier signal so as to reduce the sampling rate; the time delay adjuster is used for carrying out nanosecond time delay adjustment on the extracted signals; the gain adjuster is used for performing gain compensation on the signals subjected to the time delay adjustment; and the channel filter is used for filtering signals outside the carrier bandwidth.
Further, the decimation filter is an 8-times decimation filter.
Further, the resampling filter comprises 1 times, 2 times and 4 times of extraction filters which are used for reducing the sampling rate of the GSM carrier signal output by the digital down-conversion module so as to meet the carrier bandwidth of 20M/10M/5M.
Further, the upstream framer includes:
the memory is used for storing the GSM carrier signal data sent by the resampling filter;
the compression module compresses GSM carrier signal data in a block floating point mode; and
and the framing device is used for assembling the compressed data according to the autonomously generated O-RAN frame header, generating a data packet conforming to an O-RAN protocol and sending the data packet to an O-RAN protocol stack to be sent out.
Further, the memory is a Ping-Pong memory, the memory area is in the form of Ping-Pong, even symbol data are stored in the Ping memory area, and odd symbol data are stored in the Pong memory area; the reading is performed at a time differing by one symbol.
Further, the uplink framing device further comprises a wireless frame number generator and an O-RAN frame header generator; the wireless frame number generator is used for generating a wireless frame number; the O-RAN frame header generator is used for generating an O-RAN frame header for forming according to the control information and the wireless frame number and sending the O-RAN frame header to the framing device.
Further, the wireless frame number generator controls the generation of the wireless frame number through a state machine, and specifically includes:
reset state: the state is an initial state, and the free running state is entered after reset and release;
free running state: starting counting of wireless frame numbers from 0 through a frame number counter, and adding 1 every 10 ms;
frame number lock state: when the O-RU receives downlink carrier information from the O-DU, the O-RU carries the current frame number of the O-DU, if the O-RU receives an incremental wireless frame number in 5 continuous 10ms, the O-RU indicates that the O-RU receives a correct O-DU frame number, the external frame number is updated into an internal frame number counter at the beginning of the next 10ms, the frame number synchronization is completed, and the state machine enters a frame number locking state; in the frame number locking state, starting frame number monitoring, and detecting an external frame number and an internal frame number every 10 ms;
frame number holding state: detecting that the internal frame number is not matched with the external frame number in the frame number locking state, entering a frame number holding state, and holding the current internal frame number to be increased; and simultaneously, continuously detecting the external frame number state, if the O-RU receives the incremented wireless frame number continuously for 5 10ms, indicating that the external frame number is in a stable state, updating the external frame number to an internal frame number counter, and then re-entering the frame number locking state.
The second aspect of the present invention proposes a GSM uplink processing method applied to an O-RU, performing mixing processing on a GSM carrier signal, where the sampling rate of the mixed GSM carrier signal is 245.76Msps, and performing digital down-conversion processing on the mixed GSM carrier signal to reduce the sampling rate to 30.72Msps; resampling a GSM carrier signal with the sampling rate of 30.72Msps according to the requirement to obtain a GSM carrier signal with the sampling rate of 30.72Msps/15.36Msps/7.68Msps, wherein the GSM carrier signal meets the virtual LTE carrier bandwidth; the O-RU autonomously generates a wireless frame number to frame GSM data, packages the GSM data into a virtual LTE carrier mode, and sends the GSM data to the O-DU through an O-RAN protocol stack.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are as follows:
1. the invention provides an uplink GSM processing system based on an O-RU, which can realize the support of uplink GSM on the O-RU.
2. The invention provides a design structure of a GSM uplink framing device, a specific module and a corresponding function, and a GSM data packet is generated in an autonomous framing mode, and then data is sent to an O-DU (O-DU) actively, so that the occupation of downlink bandwidth by using a request signal is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a GSM uplink processing system applied to an O-RU according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a digital down-conversion module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an uplink framer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of generating a radio frame number according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar modules or modules having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present application include all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Aiming at the problem of lack of GSM support in the O-RAN, the embodiment of the invention provides an implementation mode of a GSM uplink system on the O-RU, which can realize the support of a 2G technology on the O-RU, thereby helping operators to deploy GSM under the framework based on the O-RAN.
To simplify the design of the O-RU, we treat the entire GSM band as LTE carrier spectrum, where 1 or 2 LTE carriers can be placed in the entire band, and the LTE carriers can be 5M,10M or 20M. We refer to such LTE carriers as virtual LTE carriers, and GSM carriers can be regarded as sub-carriers of virtual LTE carriers, in this way we can package GSM data into the form of LTE carriers for transmission over the O-RAN protocol stack. The O-DU is responsible for extracting and subsequent processing GSM signals in the virtual LTE carrier, comprises the function of GSM frequency hopping, is also realized by the O-DU, and the position of the GSM carrier in the virtual LTE carrier is completely controlled by the O-DU, thereby realizing the frequency modulation function.
For the processing of GSM signals in the O-RU, the GSM is processed according to the processing mode of LTE carrier waves in the embodiment, the current LTE signal processing mode is multiplexed to the greatest extent, and the design of the O-RU is simplified. The specific scheme is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the GSM uplink processing system in the O-RU includes a mixer, a digital down-conversion module, a resampling filter, and an uplink framer. Specific:
and the mixer is used for carrying out mixing processing on the GSM carrier signals acquired in the O-RU. In this embodiment, the mixer in the GSM uplink processing system is the same as the LTE two-way mixer. After the multi-carrier signal is sampled by an ADC (analog-to-digital converter), only the middle carrier is at baseband frequency offset (zero frequency), and the other carriers are at different carrier positions, so that the carrier signal needs to be shifted to baseband. In the embodiment, a numerical control oscillator and a mixer are adopted to carry the GSM carrier signal sent by the ADC to the baseband, so that the subsequent processing is convenient.
And the digital down-conversion module is used for extracting and filtering the mixed GSM carrier signal so as to reduce the sampling rate of the GSM carrier signal.
Referring to fig. 2, the digital down-conversion module in this embodiment includes a decimation filter, a delay adjuster, a gain adjuster, and a channel filter, which are sequentially connected. The extraction filter is used for extracting the mixed GSM carrier signal so as to reduce the sampling rate; the time delay adjuster is used for carrying out nanosecond time delay adjustment on the extracted signals; the gain adjuster is used for performing gain compensation on the signals subjected to the time delay adjustment; and the channel filter is used for filtering signals outside the carrier bandwidth. In this embodiment, the decimation filter is preferably an 8-fold decimation filter. The specific working process is as follows:
the mixed carrier signal sampling rate is 245.76Msps, and for the virtual LTE carrier bandwidth of 5M/10M/20M, the carrier signal is over-sampled, so that the complexity of processing of a subsequent module is required to be reduced, the carrier signal is reduced to 30.72Msps through an 8-time decimation filter, the time delay of a signal link is subjected to nanosecond adjustment through a time delay adjuster, and the time delay is subjected to gain compensation through a gain adjuster after the time delay adjustment. Finally, signals outside the carrier bandwidth are suppressed by-80 dBc through a channel filter, and the signals outside the carrier bandwidth can be filtered.
And the resampling filter is used for resampling the signals after the extraction and filtering processing, and reducing the sampling rate so that the sampling rate of the GSM carrier signal meets the virtual LTE carrier bandwidth. In this embodiment, the resampling filter includes a 1-fold/2-fold/4-fold decimation filter. For 5M and 10M signal bandwidths of the virtual LTE, the sampling rate of 30.72Msps still belongs to oversampling, the sampling rate needs to be further reduced to reduce the GSM carrier data amount, and therefore, a 2-time and 4-time decimation filter is also needed to perform downsampling processing, and at the moment, the sampling rates of 20M/10M/5M carrier bandwidths after the resampling filter are respectively 30.72Msps/15.36Msps/7.68Msps.
And the uplink framing device is used for packaging the GSM carrier signal data into a virtual LET carrier form meeting the O-RAN protocol and then sending the virtual LET carrier form to the O-RAN protocol stack for transmission. Because the GSM signal belongs to time domain signal transmission, the signal needs to be continuously uploaded from the O-RU to the O-DU, and therefore, in this embodiment, uplink GSM data is sent by adopting an autonomous transmission mode, and the uplink data request signal sent by the O-DU is not required to be relied on like LTE and NR.
Referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, the uplink framer mainly includes three parts, namely a memory, a compression module, and a framer.
The memory is mainly used for storing the GSM carrier signal data sent by the sampling filter. In a preferred embodiment, the memory is a Ping-Pong memory and the storage area is in the form of Ping-Pong.
When in storage, even symbol data is stored in the Ping storage area, and odd symbol data is stored in the Pong storage area, so that uninterrupted storage of data streams can be realized. When reading, reading is performed according to the time difference of one symbol, so that the reading-writing conflict can be effectively avoided.
The compression module is used for compressing 16bits to 9bits, and in the embodiment, a block floating point compression mode is adopted, so that the bandwidth of the forward data can be greatly reduced.
And the framing device is used for assembling the compressed data according to the autonomously generated O-RAN frame header, generating a data packet conforming to an O-RAN protocol and sending the data packet to an O-RAN protocol stack to be sent out. For LTE and NR data, framing is completed by the O-RAN protocol stack, and only compressed data is required to be sent to the O-RAN protocol stack. However, for GSM data, the O-RAN protocol stack cannot perform framing because there is no uplink request signal, so in this embodiment, it is proposed that the framer implements generation of an O-RAN data frame.
It should be noted that, the framing by the framing device depends on the O-RAN frame header for framing. For an O-RU, a radio frame number cannot be generated by itself. For conventional LTE and NR carriers, the uplink data needs to be sent with request information of the received O-DU, where the request information carries the current radio frame number. However, for the GSM carrier, the O-DU does not make a request for uplink data, and the O-RU needs to autonomously make transmission of GSM data. This requires that the O-RU be able to generate a radio frame number before it can be packed into an O-RAN packet for transmission. Therefore, in this embodiment, a radio frame number generator and an O-RAN frame header generator are also provided in the upstream framer. The wireless frame number generator is used for generating a wireless frame number; the O-RAN frame header generator is used for generating O-RAN frame headers for composition according to the control information and the wireless frame numbers and sending the O-RAN frame headers to the framing device.
Since the radio frame number is a periodic increasing sequence of 0-1023, one is added every 10 ms. The frame header in the O-RAN protocol needs to be filled with the frame number where the packet is located. For LTE and NR, the frame number may be obtained by uplink request information sent by an O-DU. However, since GSM is an autonomous transmission uplink signal, no request information from the O-DU is required to acquire the frame number, and thus it is required to generate the frame number locally in the O-RU. In this embodiment, the wireless frame number generator controls the generation of the wireless frame number through a state machine, please refer to the wireless frame number generation process shown in fig. 4, and the state machine mainly includes four states of a reset state, a free running state, a frame number locking state, and a frame number holding state. Wherein,
reset state: the FPGA enters the initial state under the reset condition, and enters the free running state after the reset is released.
Free running state: the frame number counter starts counting radio frame numbers from 0, adding 1 every 10 ms.
Frame number lock state: when the O-RU receives downlink carrier information from the O-DU, the O-RU carries the current frame number of the O-DU, if the O-RU receives incremental wireless frame numbers in 5 continuous 10ms, the O-RU indicates that the O-RU receives correct O-DU frame numbers, at the moment, the external frame numbers (namely the current frame numbers of the O-DU) are updated into an internal frame number counter at the beginning of the next 10ms, so that the synchronization of the internal frame numbers of the O-RU and the external frame numbers of the O-DU is realized, and the state machine enters a frame number locking state. In the frame number locking state, frame number monitoring is started, and detection of an external frame number and an internal frame number is performed every 10 ms.
Frame number holding state: detecting that the internal frame number is not matched with the external frame number in the frame number locking state, entering a frame number holding state, and holding the current internal frame number to be increased; and simultaneously, continuously detecting the external frame number state, if the O-RU receives the incremented wireless frame number continuously for 5 10ms, indicating that the external frame number is in a stable state, updating the external frame number to an internal frame number counter, and then re-entering the frame number locking state.
The following describes the complete working procedure of the GSM uplink processing system applied to the O-RU according to this embodiment, including:
after receiving the GSM carrier signal sent by the ADC, carrying out mixing treatment by a mixer, wherein the sampling rate of the mixed GSM carrier signal is 245.76Msps;
digital down-conversion processing is carried out on the mixed GSM carrier signal to reduce the sampling rate to 30.72Msps;
the sampling rate at the moment does not meet the carrier bandwidths of 5M and 10M, and the sampling rate is further reduced to 30.72Msps/15.36Msps/7.68Msp through a resampling filter; the GSM data may then be packaged in LTE form.
The O-RU autonomously generates a wireless frame number to frame GSM data, packages the GSM data into a virtual LTE carrier mode, and sends the GSM data to the O-DU through an O-RAN protocol stack.
The invention can realize the support of the uplink GSM on the O-RU. And the GSM data packet is generated in an independent framing mode by the uplink framing device, and then the data is actively sent to the O-DU, so that the downlink bandwidth occupied by the use request signal is avoided.
The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in detail by those skilled in the art; the accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A GSM uplink processing system for an O-RU, comprising:
the mixer is used for carrying out mixing processing on the GSM carrier signal acquired by the O-RU;
the digital down-conversion module is used for extracting and filtering the mixed GSM carrier signals;
the resampling filter is used for resampling the signals after the extraction and filtering treatment, and reducing the sampling rate to enable the sampling rate of the GSM carrier signal to meet the virtual LTE carrier bandwidth; and
and the uplink framing device is used for packaging the GSM carrier signal data into a virtual LET carrier form meeting the O-RAN protocol and then sending the virtual LET carrier form to an O-RAN protocol stack for transmission.
2. The GSM uplink processing system for O-RU according to claim 1, wherein the uplink framer controls transmission of uplink GSM data by autonomous transmission.
3. The GSM uplink processing system for O-RU according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the digital down-conversion module comprises a decimation filter, a delay adjuster, a gain adjuster, and a channel filter connected in sequence; the extraction filter is used for extracting the mixed GSM carrier signal so as to reduce the sampling rate; the time delay adjuster is used for carrying out nanosecond time delay adjustment on the extracted signals; the gain adjuster is used for performing gain compensation on the signals subjected to the time delay adjustment; and the channel filter is used for filtering signals outside the carrier bandwidth.
4. A GSM uplink processing system for use in an O-RU according to claim 3, wherein said decimation filter is an 8-fold decimation filter.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the resampling filter comprises 1-fold, 2-fold and 4-fold decimation filters each for reducing the sample rate of the GSM carrier signal output by the digital down conversion module to meet a carrier bandwidth of 20M/10M/5M.
6. The GSM uplink processing system for O-RU according to claim 1, wherein the uplink framer comprises:
the memory is used for storing the GSM carrier signal data sent by the resampling filter;
the compression module compresses GSM carrier signal data in a block floating point mode; and
and the framing device is used for assembling the compressed data according to the autonomously generated O-RAN frame header, generating a data packet conforming to an O-RAN protocol and sending the data packet to an O-RAN protocol stack to be sent out.
7. The GSM uplink processing system for O-RU of claim 6, wherein said memory is a Ping-Pong memory, the memory area is in the form of Ping-Pong, even symbol data is stored in the Ping memory area, and odd symbol data is stored in the Pong memory area; the reading is performed at a time differing by one symbol.
8. The GSM uplink processing system for an O-RU according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the uplink framer further comprises a radio frame number generator and an O-RAN frame header generator; the wireless frame number generator is used for generating a wireless frame number; the O-RAN frame header generator is used for generating an O-RAN frame header for forming according to the control information and the wireless frame number and sending the O-RAN frame header to the framing device.
9. The GSM uplink processing system for O-RU of claim 8, wherein the radio frame number generator controls the generation of radio frame numbers by a state machine, comprising:
reset state: the state is an initial state, and the free running state is entered after reset and release;
free running state: starting counting of wireless frame numbers from 0 through a frame number counter, and adding 1 every 10 ms;
frame number lock state: when the O-RU receives downlink carrier information from the O-DU, the O-RU carries the current frame number of the O-DU, if the O-RU receives an incremental wireless frame number in 5 continuous 10ms, the O-RU indicates that the O-RU receives a correct O-DU frame number, the external frame number is updated into an internal frame number counter at the beginning of the next 10ms, the frame number synchronization is completed, and the state machine enters a frame number locking state; in the frame number locking state, starting frame number monitoring, and detecting an external frame number and an internal frame number every 10 ms;
frame number holding state: detecting that the internal frame number is not matched with the external frame number in the frame number locking state, entering a frame number holding state, and holding the current internal frame number to be increased; and simultaneously, continuously detecting the external frame number state, if the O-RU receives the incremented wireless frame number continuously for 5 10ms, indicating that the external frame number is in a stable state, updating the external frame number to an internal frame number counter, and then re-entering the frame number locking state.
10. The method for processing the GSM uplink applied to the O-RU is realized based on the GSM uplink processing system applied to the O-RU according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized in that mixing processing is carried out on a GSM carrier signal, the sampling rate of the mixed GSM carrier signal is 245.76Msps, and digital down-conversion processing is carried out on the mixed GSM carrier signal to reduce the sampling rate to 30.72Msps; resampling a GSM carrier signal with the sampling rate of 30.72Msps according to the requirement to obtain a GSM carrier signal with the sampling rate of 30.72Msps/15.36Msps/7.68Msps, wherein the GSM carrier signal meets the virtual LTE carrier bandwidth; the O-RU autonomously generates a wireless frame number to frame GSM data, packages the GSM data into a virtual LTE carrier mode, and sends the GSM data to the O-DU through an O-RAN protocol stack.
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