CN117347436B - CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor and method of use thereof - Google Patents
CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor and method of use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
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Abstract
The application relates to a CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor and a use method thereof, wherein the sensor comprises a sensor body, the sensor body is attached to steel bars in a concrete structure, the sensor body comprises a CNS cement-based pressing sheet, silver conductive paste and an external lead, the front and back surfaces of the CNS cement-based pressing sheet are coated with the silver conductive paste, the external lead is fixed on the front and back surfaces of the CNS cement-based pressing sheet through the silver conductive paste, and polarization molding is carried out; the external lead is connected with an external electrode, and the external electrode is connected with an access port of external rapid detection equipment through the lead; the CNS cement-based tablet cement and CNS is made. The sensor provided by the application is attached to the steel bars in the reinforced concrete structure when in use, the damage condition of the concrete internal structure can be monitored in real time through external rapid detection equipment, and the energy changes of the received signals along with the damage condition of the concrete internal structure under different frequencies and different distances are analyzed by combining an impedance diagram.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering material testing, in particular to a CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor and a using method thereof.
Background
Currently, sensors are very widely used in various fields. However, the monitoring method relies on expensive physical sensors or the addition of expensive and dangerous additives, not only at high cost, but also the latter easily affect the stability of the concrete structure. In addition, piezoelectric sensors currently face great challenges, such as low accuracy, high false positive rate, poor stability, and poor environmental suitability.
Among the technologies used in sensors and actuators, piezoelectricity has proven to be one of the most effective mechanisms for most applications in smart structures. Thus, piezoelectric materials have attracted great attention. The traditional piezoelectric intelligent material is slower to start in civil construction engineering, and the behavior of the traditional piezoelectric material in the concrete is not completely the same as the reaction behavior of mechanics, deflection or thermal expansion and the like in the machinery or alloy, and although the traditional piezoelectric material, such as piezoelectric ceramics or piezoelectric polymer materials and the like, is used as an inductor in bridges, slopes and RC buildings, the traditional piezoelectric inductor and cement-based structure are not as good as the cement-based piezoelectric composite material in terms of deformation harmony, so the piezoelectric inductor applied to the mechanical metal is not applicable to the field of civil construction engineering any more.
However, cement-based piezoelectric composites have the advantage of providing good deformation consistency for the main structure and concrete combination compared to typical piezoelectric composites. Patent CN109357795B describes a cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor that incorporates conductive fillers (fibers) into the concrete to effect detection, which can result in changes in the mechanical properties of the concrete material, reducing the strength and durability of the sensor structure. In addition, uniform distribution of conductive filler and compatibility of materials are also challenges, which can result in sensor reliability being compromised.
Accordingly, there is a need for further improvements to cement-based piezoelectric sensors that increase the reliability of the detection of the sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensors and methods of use thereof, which address the problems of the prior art. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor comprises a sensor body, wherein the sensor body is attached to a steel bar in a concrete structure, the sensor body comprises a CNS cement-based pressing sheet, silver conductive paste and an external lead, the front and back surfaces of the CNS cement-based pressing sheet are coated with the silver conductive paste, the external lead is fixed on the front and back surfaces of the CNS cement-based pressing sheet through the silver conductive paste, and polarization molding is carried out; the external lead is connected with an external electrode, and the external electrode is connected with an access port of external rapid detection equipment through the lead;
The preparation method of the CNS cement-based tablet comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing cement and CNS, pouring a cement-based block, and solidifying the cement-based block at room temperature, wherein the CNS accounts for 0.1-0.3% of the mass of the cement;
s2, placing the cement-based block cured at room temperature into water at the temperature of 22+/-2 ℃ for curing for 7-28 days, and then grinding and pressing the cement-based block into a cement substrate.
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises: s3, placing the sensor body into a silicon oil groove for polarization, wherein the polarization temperature is 140-160 ℃.
The CNS is a composite material prepared from waste two-dimensional plant nano fibers, has high strength and toughness, is rich in hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl functional groups, and has excellent aqueous solution dispersibility. For example, the preparation method can be referred to patent US10400092B2, but is not limited thereto.
The structure of the CNS has fibrotic characteristics, and can form a fibrous network in a cement-based environment. This network can increase the toughness and durability of the cement-based material, thereby improving the stability of the sensor. The nano-sized sensor has nano-scale size, and can be uniformly dispersed in a cement base, so that the uniformity and the performance consistency of the sensor are improved. The surface of the sensor has rich hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl functional groups, and the sensor can interact with water molecules in the cement-based material, so that the humidity balance of the material is maintained, and the adverse effect of temperature and humidity change on the performance of the sensor is reduced.
Preferably, in step S2, the CNS cement-based tablet is pressed from a pressing abrasive; the pressing grinding tool is a semi-open type pressurizing device.
Preferably, the time for tabletting and pressing is 30-60min, the pressure is 10-15MPa, and the grinding and polishing rotating speed is 200rpm.
Preferably, the silver conductive paste coating fixes the external lead on the front and back surfaces of the CNS cement-based tablet, and then the external lead is subjected to polarization forming by means of a polarization fixing clamp in a silicone oil environment.
Preferably, the thickness of the silver conductive paste coating is 2-3mm.
Preferably, 80wt% of silver nanoparticles in the silver conductive paste coating have a particle size of 200nm or less and 20wt% have a particle size of 5nm or less.
Preferably, the polarization fixing clamp is composed of high-temperature resistant resin and four-corner hooks.
Preferably, the rapid detection device comprises a high-precision impedance analyzer and a computer device, wherein the computer device is directly connected with the high-precision impedance analyzer, the high-precision impedance analyzer is connected with the external electrode through a wire, and the computer device obtains a corresponding real part and an imaginary part of impedance according to the change of the output frequency of the high-precision impedance analyzer and synchronously generates an impedance diagram.
A method of using the CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor described above, comprising the steps of:
s4, attaching the sensor body to a steel bar in a concrete structure;
and S5, connecting the external electrode with an access port of the rapid detection equipment through a wire to perform testing.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The CNS cement-based composite material adopted by the sensor has the advantages of low production cost, easy industrial production, biodegradability, low health risk and the like, and the sensor body comprising the CNS cement-based pressed sheet, silver conductive paste and an external lead is attached to the steel bar in the reinforced concrete structure, so that the damage condition of the concrete internal structure can be monitored in real time through external rapid detection equipment, and the energy change of the received signals along with the damage condition of the concrete internal structure under different frequencies and different intervals can be analyzed by combining impedance diagrams. In actual engineering, engineering technicians can transmit and receive electric signals in the concrete through the sensor, and the degree of crack diffusion in the concrete is detected by combining impedance data measured by the sensor.
2. The invention has the characteristics of low cost and high precision, and can effectively reduce saccharide waste by utilizing the two-dimensional plant nanofiber material. Compared with the cement-based embedded sensor which is very expensive before, the hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl functional groups of the plant nano fiber (CNS) can be effectively and chemically bonded with the cement-based composite material without adding any other special substances, so that the service life and the reliability of the cement-based sensor are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the number of direct fracture defects versus the received electrical signal for the present invention;
Wherein, (a) a 50mm spacing and 1 gap; (b) 150mm spacing and 2 gaps; (c) 300mm spacing and 3 gaps.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the sensor receiving corresponding voltage signals at different frequencies according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a polarization fixing clamp according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. CNS cement-based tableting; 2. a silver conductive paste coating; 3. and (5) externally connecting a wire.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor comprises a sensor body, wherein the sensor body is attached to a steel bar in a concrete structure, the sensor body comprises a CNS cement-based pressing sheet 1, silver conductive paste 2 and an external lead 3, the front and back surfaces of the CNS cement-based pressing sheet 1 are coated with the silver conductive paste 2, the external lead 3 is fixed on the front and back surfaces of the CNS cement-based pressing sheet 1 through the silver conductive paste 2, and polarization molding is carried out; the external lead 3 is connected with an external electrode, and the external electrode is connected with an access port of external rapid detection equipment through a lead;
the preparation method of the CNS cement-based tablet 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing cement and CNS, pouring a cement-based block, and curing the cement-based block at room temperature; wherein the CNS is 0.1-0.3% of the cement mass;
s2, placing the cement-based block cured at room temperature into water at the temperature of 22+/-2 ℃ for curing for 7-28 days, and then grinding and pressing the cement-based block into a cement substrate.
In some embodiments, the method of making further comprises: and (3) placing the sensor body into a silicon oil groove for polarization, wherein the polarization temperature is 140-160 ℃.
The CNS is a composite material prepared by adopting waste two-dimensional plant nano fibers, is one of the most abundant renewable natural resources, has zero carbon footprint and no obvious potential hazard, has the advantages of low production cost, easy industrial production, biodegradability, low health risk and the like, and can effectively relieve the problem of accumulation of waste materials in the sugar industry by treating and purifying the waste materials in the sugar industry, so that the source pressure of the traditional nano cellulose preparation materials is reduced; the CNS has the advantages of high Young's modulus, capability of effectively improving the mechanical property of a cement matrix, rich hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl functional groups and functional bonds, high strength, high toughness and the like, is hopeful to make up the defect that an additive is incompatible with cement particles, and has excellent water solution dispersibility.
In some embodiments, in step S2, the CNS cement-based tablet 1 is pressed from a pressing abrasive; the pressing grinding tool is a semi-open type pressurizing device. The thickness of the pressing tool can be adjusted according to different requirements, and the pressed pressing sheet can be taken out from the middle of the pressing tool, so that the problem that the pressing tool is difficult to take out due to the fact that the pressing tool is too tightly pressed is avoided.
In some embodiments, the tabletting is carried out for 30-60min at a pressure of 10-15MPa and at a grinding and polishing speed of 200rpm.
In some embodiments, after the external lead 3 is fixed on the front and back surfaces of the CNS cement-based patch 1 by the silver conductive paste coating 2, the external lead is polarization-molded by means of a polarization fixture in a high-temperature silicone oil environment.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the silver conductive paste coating 2 is 2-3 mm, and the silver conductive paste is a free-flowing semi-solid paste, and the main component is silver nanoparticles, preferably, wherein 80wt% of the silver nanoparticles have a particle size less than or equal to 200nm and 20wt% have a particle size less than or equal to 5nm.
The silver conductive paste coating 2 has extremely low resistivity of about 0.01 to 0.05 ohm/2, density of 1630kg/m 3, melting point of 960 ℃, boiling point of 2211.5 ℃, viscosity of 250 to 500mPa.s, curing temperature of 43 ℃/10 to 30 minutes, high conductivity, and silver conductive paste curing at 43 ℃ within 10 to 15 minutes to form the silver conductive paste coating 2, if the curing process is carried out at high temperature, the curing time can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the problems that the reaction is not thorough, the wire connection is easy to damage and the like caused by low-temperature curing can be avoided.
In the application, the polarization fixing clamp is not limited, and only polarization of the sensor can be realized. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the polarization fixing clamp is composed of high-temperature resistant resin and four-corner hooks.
In some embodiments, the rapid detection device 6 includes a high-precision impedance analyzer and a computer device directly connected with the high-precision impedance analyzer, the high-precision impedance analyzer is connected with the external electrode through a wire, and the computer device obtains a corresponding real part and imaginary part of impedance according to the change of the output frequency of the high-precision impedance analyzer and synchronously generates an impedance diagram. In the present application, the type of the high-precision impedance analyzer is not limited, and for example, an Agilent (Agilent) 4294A high-precision impedance analyzer may be selected.
A method of using the CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor described above, comprising the steps of:
s4, attaching the sensor body to a steel bar in a concrete structure;
and S5, connecting the external electrode with an access port of the rapid detection equipment through a wire to perform testing.
Test example 1
Reinforced concrete structures of different gap numbers and different spacing distances (1, 50mm spacing and 1 gap; 2, 150mm spacing and 2 gaps; 3, 300mm spacing and 3 gaps) were tested using the method described above.
As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the first experimental scenario was a 50mm sample-to-sample separation distance, where the two sample pieces were in direct contact, and there was a gap between the sensing elements, and the result showed that for a 22KHz 5V transmission signal, the average pk-pk voltage of the received signal was taken to be 95.7mV, with an average decay of 98.11%, and a voltage loss of 4.904V over a 50mm distance.
As shown in fig. 2 (b), in the second experimental scenario, a neutral concrete block 100mm wide was used as a separation between two sample blocks containing samples, the total separation distance being 150mm, and two gaps were present between the sensing elements. Since an extra block is included in the test, the variation of the experiment involves variation of the distance and disturbance variable. As shown, for a 22KHz 5V transmission signal, a significant amount of attenuation occurs in the signal between the source and the received signal-5V pk-pk of the source input, while the result shows an average received signal of 56mV pk-pk, which has a 4.941V loss over a distance of 150 mm. 98.85% drop in relative source voltage, 40.12% drop between scene 1 (50 mm interval and 1 gap) and scene 2 (150 mm interval and 2 gaps) compared to the first case.
As shown in fig. 2 (c), the third experimental scenario was separated by two neutral concrete blocks 100mm wide, with a total separation distance of 250mm, and three gaps between the sensing elements. Based on the input 5V pk-pk signal, the received sample recorded signal had a pk-pk voltage of only 17.5mV, during which time the input signal lost 4.982V, with a percentage of decay of 99.65%. Comparing it to the first two cases, the signal lost 81.72% of the signal energy compared to scene 1 (50 mm pitch and 1 gap), 69.46% of the signal energy compared to scene 2 (150 mm pitch and 2 gaps), and further attenuation of the input signal occurred. As expected, the presence of the crevices results in dissipation of transmitted signal energy and loss and consumption of signal energy increases as the distance between the sensing elements and the number of obstructions increases.
As shown in fig. 3, the voltage obtained by the HP4294A high precision impedance analyzer at different frequencies was plotted as a function of time, using 4 polarized samples, one of which was used as the transmitter, while taking the average of the received signals of the remaining three samples, while using three different frequencies of 220Hz, 22KHz and 2.2MHz, respectively. As can be seen, the voltage output of the received signal varies with the frequency of the input signal, with peak voltage responses at frequencies of 200Hz, 22KHz and 2.2MHz being about 26mV, 55mV and 40mV, respectively. The higher the voltage response, the better the signal transmitted from the source propagates through the material, resulting in lower signal losses, with the 22KHz frequency receiving the optimal response.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and not restrictive, and that other modifications and equivalents thereof may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is defined in the claims.
Claims (7)
- CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor, which comprises a sensor body and is characterized in that the sensor body comprises a CNS cement-based pressing sheet (1), a silver conductive paste coating (2) and an external lead (3), wherein silver conductive paste is smeared on the front surface and the back surface of the CNS cement-based pressing sheet (1) to form the silver conductive paste coating (2), and the external lead (3) is fixed on the front surface and the back surface of the CNS cement-based pressing sheet (1) by the silver conductive paste coating (2) to be polarized and formed; the external lead (3) is connected with an external electrode, and the external electrode is connected with an access port of external rapid detection equipment through a lead;The method of preparing the CNS cement-based tablet (1) comprises:s1, mixing cement and CNS, pouring a cement-based block, and curing the cement-based block at room temperature; wherein the CNS is 0.1-0.3% of the cement mass;s2, placing the cement-based block cured at room temperature into water at 22+/-2 ℃ for curing for 7-28 days, and then grinding and pressing the cement-based block into a cement substrate;Wherein: the CNS is a composite material prepared from discarded two-dimensional plant nanofibers; the structure of the CNS has the characteristic of fibrosis, which can form a fibrous network in a cement-based; CNS has abundant hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl functional groups on its surface, which can interact with water molecules in cement-based materials;the method for using the CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor comprises the following steps:s4, attaching the sensor body to a steel bar in a concrete structure;and S5, connecting the external electrode with an access port of the rapid detection equipment through a wire to perform testing.
- 2. The CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor according to claim 1, wherein the method of manufacturing further comprises: s3, placing the sensor body into a silicon oil groove for polarization, wherein the polarization temperature is 140-160 ℃.
- 3. The CNS cement-based piezopolarization sensor according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein in step S2, said CNS cement-based tablet (1) is pressed from a pressing mill; the pressing grinding tool is a semi-open type pressurizing device.
- 4. The CNS cement based piezoelectricity sensor according to claim 3, wherein the time of pressing the tablets is 30-60min, the pressure is 10-15MPa, and the grinding and polishing rotational speed is 200rpm.
- 5. CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein said silver conductive paste coating (2) has a thickness of 2 to 3mm.
- 6. The CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor according to claim 5, wherein 80wt% of silver nanoparticles in said silver conductive paste coating (2) have a particle size of less than or equal to 200nm and 20wt% have a particle size of <5nm.
- 7. The CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the rapid detection device comprises a high-precision impedance analyzer connected to the external electrode by a wire, and a computer device for obtaining the corresponding real and imaginary parts of the impedance according to the variation of the output frequency of the high-precision impedance analyzer and generating the impedance map synchronously.
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