CN117321855A

CN117321855A - Antenna and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN117321855A
Application number: CN202280001038.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋之浩; 吴鑫宇; 万丰硕; 冯洪源; 谢晶; 高文瑾; 卫盟; 蔡龙珠; 车春城; 洪伟
Original assignee: Nanjing Ruima Millimeter Wave Terahertz Technology Research Institute Co ltd; BOE Technology Group Co Ltd; Beijing BOE Sensor Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Ruima Millimeter Wave Terahertz Technology Research Institute Co ltd; BOE Technology Group Co Ltd; Beijing BOE Sensor Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-29
Filing date: 2022-04-29
Publication date: 2023-12-29
Also published as: WO2023206438A1; US20240304995A1

Abstract

The disclosure provides an antenna and electronic equipment, belonging to the technical field of communication, wherein the antenna comprises a phase shifting unit, a reference electrode layer and an antenna substrate which are arranged in a laminated manner; the phase shifter comprises a first transmission structure, a second transmission structure and a phase shifting structure connected between the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure; the reference electrode layer has at least one first opening and at least one second opening; the antenna substrate comprises a first dielectric substrate, a feed structure and at least one first radiation part, wherein the feed structure is arranged on one side of the first dielectric substrate, which is away from the reference electrode layer; the feed structure comprises at least one first feed port and at least one second feed port; for a phase shifter, the first transmission structure is electrically connected with a second feed port through a first opening; the second transmission structure is electrically connected with one of the first radiation parts through one of the second openings, and beam scanning can be achieved with a lower antenna profile.

Description

Antenna and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and an electronic structure.

Background

With the rapid development of 5G technology, the demands of low-cost large-scale phased array antennas in the communication field are more and more prominent. The traditional large-scale antenna or phased array antenna generally depends on a digital chip to independently control the phase of a phased array antenna unit from the aspects of cost, volume, power consumption and the like, so that the scanning of wave beams is realized. Since the phase control accuracy of a digital chip depends on the quantization bit number of digital-to-analog conversion (Digital to Analog, DA) inside the chip, a high-accuracy chip generally introduces higher cost, and the number of control channels of a single chip is limited, the number of chips and the complexity of circuits need to be increased exponentially for a large-scale phased array, thereby greatly increasing the design time cost and the economic cost. In addition, temperature drift, device aging, working environment and other factors can influence the stability of the digital phased array chip phase control, and even directly cause performance deterioration.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art and provides an antenna and an electronic structure.

In a first aspect, a technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present disclosure is an antenna, including: the phase shifting unit, the reference electrode layer and the antenna substrate are arranged in a laminated mode; wherein,

The phase shifting unit comprises at least one phase shifter, and the phase shifter comprises a first transmission structure, a second transmission structure and a phase shifting structure connected between the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure;

the reference electrode layer has at least one first opening and at least one second opening;

the antenna substrate comprises a first dielectric substrate, a feed structure and at least one first radiation part, wherein the feed structure is arranged on one side of the first dielectric substrate, which is away from the reference electrode layer; the feed structure comprises a first feed port and at least one second feed port;

for one of the phase shifters, the first transmission structure is electrically connected to one of the second feed ports through one of the first openings; the second transmission structure is electrically connected with one of the first radiation portions through one of the second openings.

In some examples, the phase shifting structure includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite one another, and an adjustable dielectric layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein,

the first substrate comprises a second dielectric substrate, and a first transmission line and a second transmission line which are arranged on one side of the second dielectric substrate, close to the tunable dielectric layer;

The second substrate comprises a third dielectric substrate and a plurality of patch electrodes arranged on one side of the third dielectric substrate and close to the adjustable dielectric layer, the patch electrodes are arranged side by side in the extending direction of the first transmission line, and the patch electrodes are overlapped with orthographic projections of the first transmission line and the second transmission line on the second dielectric substrate.

In some examples, the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure each comprise a main circuit, a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit are of an integrated structure, and the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit adopt a serpentine line;

the main circuit of the first transmission structure is coupled with one second feed port through one first opening; the first branch of the first transmission structure is electrically connected with one end of the first transmission line; the second branch of the first transmission structure is electrically connected with one end of the second transmission line;

the main path of the second transmission structure is coupled and connected with one first radiation part through one second opening; the first branch of the second transmission structure is electrically connected with the other end of the first transmission line; the second branch of the second transmission structure is electrically connected with the other end of the second transmission line.

In some examples, the antenna substrate further includes a fourth dielectric substrate on a side of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the reference electrode layer, at least one second radiating portion disposed on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate;

there is an overlap of one of the second radiating portions with an orthographic projection of one of the first radiating portions on the first dielectric substrate.

In some examples, the feed structure includes n-level first feed lines;

the first feeder line of the m-1 th level is connected with the first feeder lines of the two m-th levels; wherein n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, and m and n are integers.

In some examples, the antenna further comprises a connector; the connector is electrically connected with the first feeder line of the nth stage through the first feeder port.

In some examples, the first radiating portion comprises a polygon, and any interior angle of the polygon is greater than or equal to 90 °.

In some examples, the polygon includes a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a fifth side, and a sixth side connected in sequence; the extending direction of the first side edge is the same as the extending direction of the fourth side edge and is perpendicular to the extending direction of the second side edge and the fifth side edge; the extension directions of the third side edge and the second side edge are the same, and the included angle between the third side edge and the extension direction of the first side edge is 44.5-45.5 degrees.

In some examples, the first side, the second side, the fourth side, and the fifth side of the first radiating portion have equal side lengths and are all located between 0.240-0.242 wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency; the third side edge and the sixth side edge of the first radiation part are equal in side length and are positioned between 0.073 and 0.074 wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna;

the side lengths of the first side edge, the second side edge, the fourth side edge and the fifth side edge of the second radiation part are all between 0.272 and 0.274 wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna; the third side edge and the sixth side edge of the second radiation part are both positioned between 0.092 and 0.094 wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna.

In some examples, the antenna further comprises a plurality of first metal isolation posts extending through the antenna substrate; the outline of orthographic projection of the first metal isolation columns on the first dielectric substrate surrounds the first radiation part.

In some examples, the ratio of the radius of the first metal isolation column to the spacing between adjacent two of the first metal isolation columns is between 0.25 and 0.5.

In some examples, the antenna further comprises a plurality of second metal isolation posts extending through the antenna substrate; the orthographic projection outlines of the second metal isolation columns on the first dielectric substrate encircle the phase shifter.

In some examples, the ratio of the radius of the second metal isolation column to the spacing between two adjacent second metal isolation columns is between 0.25 and 0.5.

In some examples, the thickness of the tunable dielectric layer is between 4.4um and 4.8um.

In some examples, the antenna substrate further includes at least two second feed lines disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the reference electrode layer; the at least two second feeder lines are respectively arranged at the positions of the feed structure far away from the center of the antenna substrate;

the first substrate further comprises a third transmission line which is arranged on one side of the second dielectric substrate, which is close to the tunable dielectric layer; one of the second feed lines is electrically connected with the third transmission line through one of the first openings;

the antenna substrate further comprises a first radiation part of at least two dummy units arranged on one side of the first dielectric substrate, which is away from the reference electrode layer; the third transmission line is electrically connected with a third radiation part of one dummy unit through one second opening;

The antenna substrate further comprises a fourth radiation part of at least two dummy units, which is arranged on one side of the fourth dielectric substrate, which is away from the first dielectric substrate; an overlap exists between the orthographic projection of one third radiation part and one fourth radiation part on the first medium substrate.

In some examples, a first adhesive layer is disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, the first adhesive layer configured to adhere the first dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate.

In some examples, a second adhesive layer is disposed between the reference electrode layer and the first substrate, the second adhesive layer configured to adhere the reference electrode layer and the first substrate.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, including the antenna of any one of the first aspects, and a control unit;

the control voltage is configured to load a bias voltage to a phase shifter in the antenna.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is an assembly diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a phase shifting structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure at a first viewing angle;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a reference electrode layer provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure at a first viewing angle;

fig. 5 is a top view of a first dielectric substrate in an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the disclosure at a first viewing angle;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary phase shifting structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of A-A' of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary phase shifter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a coupling connection of a feed structure and a phase shifter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna element 33 of different structure and shape provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the location of a first metal separator column provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of the location of a second metal spacer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 14 a-14 c are gain patterns actually measured at-60 to 60 scan angles at three frequency points of 25.5GHz,25.75GHz and 26GHz, respectively, of the liquid crystal phase shifter 1 provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 15a to 15m are schematic diagrams of graphs showing measured axial ratios and gain curves of the liquid crystal phase shifter 1 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure under a beam scanning angle of-60 ° to 60 ° at intervals of 10 °, respectively;

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of an unequal power distribution circuit topology provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used in this disclosure, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. Likewise, the terms "a," "an," or "the" and similar terms do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.

In a first aspect, fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 2 is an assembly diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 3 is a top view (front side) of a phase shifting structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure at a first viewing angle; FIG. 4 is a top view (front side) of a reference electrode layer provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure at a first viewing angle; fig. 5 is a top view (front side) of a first dielectric substrate in an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a phase shift unit 10, a reference electrode layer 2, and an antenna substrate 3 that are stacked, the reference electrode layer 2 being disposed between the phase shift unit 1 and the antenna substrate 3. Wherein the phase shift unit 10 comprises at least one phase shifter 1, the phase shifter 1 comprising a first transmission structure 11, a second transmission structure 12, and a phase shift structure 13 between the first transmission structure 11 and the second transmission structure 12. The reference electrode layer 2 has at least one first opening 21 and at least one second opening 22. The antenna substrate 3 comprises a first dielectric substrate 31, a feed structure 32 arranged on the side of the first dielectric substrate 31 facing away from the reference electrode layer 2 and at least one first radiating portion 33a. The feed structure 32 comprises a first feed port 321 and at least one second feed port 322.

Specifically, for a phase shifter 1, the first transmission structure 11 therein is electrically connected to a second feed port 322 through a first opening 21; the second transmission structure 12 is electrically connected to a first radiation portion 33a through a second opening 22.

In some examples, the first opening 21 may include, but is not limited to, an "H" shaped opening, which is composed of rectangular slits having two orthogonal types. The second opening 22 may comprise a single rectangular slit, not limited to one. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first opening 21 is an "H" type opening, and the second opening 22 is a rectangular slit. As shown in fig. 4, the first side length L1 of the first opening 21 may be 0.09 λ, the second side length L2 may be 0.053λ, and the width W1 of the first opening 21 may be 0.025 λ. The first side length L3 of the second opening 22 may be 0.053λ, and the width W2 of the second opening 22 may be 0.025 λ.

It should be noted that λ in the embodiments of the present disclosure is a center frequency wavelength.

For the feed structure 32, one of the first feed ports 321 may be electrically connected to a connector 81 for transmitting radio frequency signals. The second feeding port 322 feeds the received radio frequency signal through one of the first openings 21 to the phase shifter 1 corresponding to the first opening 21. The first and second feeding ports 321 and 322 may be microstrip line structures, for example.

In some examples, the phase shift unit 10 may include a plurality of phase shifters 1 arranged in an array. According to the array synthesis principle, the distance between two adjacent phase shifters 1 arranged in an array influences the shape of an antenna array pattern, and grating lobes can appear when scanning at a large angle due to the overlarge distance between the two adjacent phase shifters 1, so that radiation energy is occupied, and the antenna gain is reduced. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the intervals between the plurality of phase shifters 1 arranged in an array included in the phase shifting unit 10 may be selected to be 0.4λ to 0.6λ corresponding to the antenna operating frequency, and the array pitch is preferably 0.5λ during the array.

In some examples, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an example phase shifting structure provided by embodiments of the present disclosure; fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of A-A' of fig. 6. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the phase shift structure 13 includes a first substrate 1a and a second substrate 1c disposed opposite to each other, and a tunable dielectric layer 1b interposed between the first substrate 1a and the second substrate 1 c. The phase shifter 1 in the embodiment of the present disclosure may include, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal phase shifter 1, the tunable dielectric layer 1b may include, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal layer 1c, and in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the tunable dielectric layer 1b is illustrated by taking the liquid crystal layer 1c as an example, that is, the phase shifter 1 is illustrated by taking the liquid crystal phase shifter 1 as an example.

Specifically, the first substrate 1a includes a second dielectric substrate 131 and a first transmission line 13a and a second transmission line 13b provided on the second dielectric substrate 131 on the side close to the tunable dielectric layer 1 b. The second substrate 1c includes a third dielectric substrate 132 and a plurality of patch electrodes 13c disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 132 near the tunable dielectric layer 1b, the plurality of patch electrodes 13c being disposed side by side in the extending direction of the first transmission line 13a, and the patch electrodes 13c overlapping with orthographic projections of the first transmission line 13a and the second transmission line 13b on the second dielectric substrate 131. In this case, the overlapping areas of the first transmission line 13a and the second transmission line 13B and the patch electrode 13c respectively form capacitance areas, the overlapping area a of the first transmission line 13a and the patch electrode 13c and the overlapping area B of the second transmission line 13B and the patch electrode 13c are changed by loading different bias voltages on the first transmission line 13a, the second transmission line 13B and the patch electrode 13c, so that the capacitance value formed by the overlapping area of the first transmission line 13a and the patch electrode 13c is changed, and the capacitance value formed by the overlapping area of the second transmission line 13B and the patch electrode 13c is changed, after the received radio frequency signal is fed into the phase shifter 1 corresponding to the first opening 21 through one first opening 21 at the second feeding port 322, the phase shifting structure 13 of the phase shifter 1 shifts the radio frequency signal.

The first transmission line 13a and the second transmission line 13b have the same extending direction and the same line length. This arrangement contributes to miniaturization of the phase shifting structure 13, i.e., to achieving high integration of the antenna.

The first transmission line 13a and the second transmission line 13b may be, for example, microstrip line structures.

In some examples, the patch electrodes 13c in the phase shifting structure 13 may be electrically connected together by the connection electrode 13d, and in this case, the patch electrodes 13c may be applied with the same bias voltage when the phase shifting structure 13 is operated, which is convenient for control. The front projection of the connection electrode 13d on the third dielectric substrate 132 does not overlap with the front projection of the first transmission line 13a and the second transmission line 13b on the third dielectric substrate 132.

The patch electrodes 13c may have the same width or different widths; the patch electrodes 13c may have equal lengths or different lengths. It should be noted that the patch electrode 13c may include, but is not limited to, a rectangular capacitive metal bar, and may also include capacitive loading of other shapes or structures, such as an "H" type or a circular arc type capacitive metal bar, etc.

It should be noted that, the reference electrode layer 2 illustrated in fig. 1 includes, but is not limited to, a ground layer, so long as the reference electrode layer 2 forms a current loop with the first transmission line 13a and the patch electrode 13c, and forms a current loop with the second transmission line 13b and the patch electrode 13 c.

In some examples, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 1c may be between 4.4 μm and 4.8 μm, and specifically, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 1c may be selected to be 4.6 μm. Two parameters are used to characterize the properties of the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal layer 1c, namely the loss tangent tan delta and the relative permittivity epsilon. When a bias voltage (0 to 23.5V) is applied to the liquid crystal material, the relative dielectric constant ε can be changed to 2.62 to 3.58, and the tan δ can be changed to 0.0038 to 0.0053. In this case, the phase shifting structure 13 can play a role in miniaturization. The liquid crystal layer 1c with the lower thickness can reduce the response time of the liquid crystal to the bias voltage, reduce the scanning switching time of the antenna beam and is far lower than the response time of the whole phase modulation of the phase shifter 1.

In some examples, the materials of the second dielectric substrate 131 and the third dielectric substrate 132 may be the same or different, e.g., glass substrates are used for both the second dielectric substrate 131 and the third dielectric substrate 132. The second dielectric substrate 131 and the third dielectric substrate 132 each have a thickness of about 0.29mm to about 0.31 mm.

In some examples, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an example phase shifter provided by embodiments of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 8, the first transmission structure 11 and the second transmission structure 12 each include a main path 11a, a first branch path 11b, and a second branch path 11c, where the first branch path 11b and the second branch path 11c are an integral structure, and the first branch path 11b and the second branch path 11c adopt a serpentine line. The main circuit 11a of the first transmission structure 11 is coupled to a second feed port 322 through a first opening 21; the first branch 11b of the first transmission structure 11 is electrically connected to one end of the first transmission line 13 a; the second branch 11c of the first transmission structure 11 is electrically connected to one end of the second transmission line 13 b. The main path 12a of the second transmission structure 12 is coupled to a first radiation portion 33a through a second opening 22; the first branch 12b of the second transmission structure 12 is electrically connected to the other end of the first transmission line 13 a; the second branch 12c of the second transmission structure 12 is electrically connected to the other end of the second transmission line 13 b.

Here, the first branch 11b and the second branch 11c of the first transmission structure 11 are different in line length, the first branch 12b and the second branch 12c of the second transmission structure 12 are different in line length, the first branch 11b of the first transmission structure 11 and the second branch 12c of the second transmission structure 12 are equal in line length, and the second branch 11b of the first transmission structure 11 and the first branch 12b of the second transmission structure 12 are equal in line length. The difference in line length between the first branch and the second branch determines the phase difference of the radio frequency signals transmitted by the first branch and the second branch. For example: the difference in line length of the first branch 11b and the second branch 11c of the first transmission structure 11 is such that the radio frequency signals transmitted by the first branch 11b and the second branch 11c are 180 ° out of phase, while the difference in line length of the first branch 12b and the second branch 12c of the second transmission structure 12 is such that the microwave signals transmitted by the first branch 12b and the second branch 12c are 180 ° out of phase. Taking an antenna receiving radio frequency signals as an example, after the radio frequency signals fed by the main circuit of the first transmission structure 11 are transmitted by the first branch circuit 11b and the second branch circuit 11c of the first transmission structure 11, the phases of the radio frequency signals transmitted by the first branch circuit 11b and the second branch circuit 11c are 180 degrees different, and after the radio frequency signals are restored by the first branch circuit 12b and the second branch circuit 12c of the second transmission structure 12, the radio frequency signals transmitted by the first branch circuit 12b and the second branch circuit 12c of the second transmission structure 12 to the main circuit 12a of the second transmission structure 12 are in the same amplitude and phase.

The main path 11a, the first branch 11b, and the second branch 11c of the first transmission structure 11, the main path 12a, the first branch 12b, and the second branch 12c of the second transmission structure 12, and the first transmission line 13a and the second transmission line 13b are arranged in layers. The first transmission structure 11 receives the radio frequency signal fed by the second feed port 322 through the first opening 21, that is, the main circuit 11a receives the radio frequency signal fed by the second feed port 322 through the first opening 21, the main circuit 11a transmits the radio frequency signal to the phase shifting structure 13 through the first branch circuit 11b and the second branch circuit 11c to perform phase shifting, and the second transmission structure 12 receives the radio frequency signal phase-shifted by the phase shifting structure 13 and feeds the phase-shifted radio frequency signal to the first radiating portion 33a through the second opening 22.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the second feeding port 322 is coupled to the first transmission structure 11, and the second transmission structure 12 is coupled to the first radiation portion 33a, so that the non-porous signal transmission is realized by the non-contact coupling connection.

In addition, the main path 11a, the first branch path and 11b of the first transmission structure 11, the second branch path 11c, the main path 12a, the first branch path 12b and the second branch path 12c of the second transmission structure 12, and the first transmission line 13a and the second transmission line 13b are arranged in layers, in which case the first branch path 11b of the first transmission structure 11 and one end of the first transmission line 13a may be an integral structure, the second branch path 11c of the first transmission structure 11 and one end of the second transmission line 13b may be an integral structure, the first branch path 12b of the second transmission structure 12 and the other end of the first transmission line 13a may be an integral structure, and the second branch path 12c of the second transmission structure 12 and the other end of the second transmission line 13b may be an integral structure.

In some examples, the first transmission structure 11 and the second transmission structure 12 may employ balun components. BALUN (BALUN-unbalancing) components are three-port devices which can be used in microwave radio frequency devices, and BALUN components are radio frequency transmission line transformers which convert matching inputs into differential inputs and can be used to excite differential lines, amplifiers, broadband antennas, balanced mixers, balanced multipliers and modulators, phase shifters 1 and any circuit design which requires equal transmission amplitudes and 180 ° phase difference on both lines. Wherein, two output amplitudes of balun components are equal, the phase place is opposite. In the frequency domain, this means that there is a phase difference of 180 ° between the two outputs; in the time domain, this means that the voltage of one balanced output is negative of the other balanced output.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a coupling connection of a feed structure and a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 9, the main path 11a, the first branch path 11b, and the second branch path 11c of the first transmission structure 11 are disposed on the same layer on a side of the second dielectric substrate 131 near the liquid crystal layer 1 c. The main path 11a of the first transmission structure 11 overlaps with a orthographic projection portion of the first opening 21 on the third dielectric substrate 132, and a projection intersection is denoted as N1. The direction of extension of the orthographic projection of the main path 11a of the first transmission structure 11 onto the third dielectric substrate 132 is located between the directions of extension of the orthographic projections of the first branch path 11a and the second branch path 11c of the first transmission structure 11 onto the third dielectric substrate 132. The orthographic projection of the second feed port 322 of the feed structure 32 onto the third dielectric substrate 132 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the main path 11a of the first transmission structure 11 onto the third dielectric substrate 132 and at the same time with the projection of one first via 21 at the intersection N1.

It should be noted that the above only gives an example of an exemplary balun assembly, but it should be understood that the balun assembly includes not only the above several exemplary structures, and any three-port balun assembly may be applied to the antenna of the embodiments of the present disclosure, so the above several exemplary balun assemblies do not limit the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some examples, to increase the capacitance value of the structural equivalent circuit, so that the phase shifter 1 may provide a larger amount of phase shift, for example 360 ° of phase shift, for the same dielectric constant change value, the phase shifters 1 in the phase shifting unit 10 may be flush on the outside, or may exceed a portion of the length by less than 10%.

According to the embodiment of the disclosure, by loading the bias voltage to the liquid crystal phase shifter 1, the accurate control and independent regulation and control of the excitation phase of each antenna unit 33 can be realized, so that the beam scanning function of the circularly polarized liquid crystal phased array is realized.

In some examples, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the antenna unit 33 includes a first radiating portion 33a and a second radiating portion 33b. As shown in fig. 1 and 10, the antenna substrate 3 further includes a fourth dielectric substrate 34 on a side of the first dielectric substrate 31 facing away from the reference electrode layer 2, and at least one second radiation portion 33b provided on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate 34 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 31. A second radiation portion 33b overlaps with the orthographic projection of a first radiation portion 33a on the first dielectric substrate 31.

The first radiation portion 33a and the second radiation portion 33b, which overlap in orthographic projection, are located in different dielectric layers. The first radiation portion 33a and the second radiation portion 33b may each be one or more, and in the embodiment of the present disclosure, description is given taking an example in which the first radiation portion 33a and the second radiation portion 33b are each plural. In addition, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of the first radiation portions 33a and the second radiation portions 33b are equal, and the plurality of first radiation portions 33a and the plurality of second radiation portions 33b are provided in one-to-one correspondence, for example.

When the antenna transmits a signal, the first radiation portion 33a receives the phase-shifted radio frequency signal fed from the phase shifter 1, and then feeds the radio frequency signal to the second radiation portion 33b facing the first radiation portion 33 a. The space between the first radiation portion 33a and the second radiation portion 33b facing thereto should satisfy the emissivity requirement of the antenna.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the first radiation portion 33a is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 31 close to the fourth dielectric substrate 34, that is, a dielectric substrate (that is, the fourth dielectric substrate 34) is introduced between the first radiation portion 33a and the second radiation portion 33b, so that the dielectric constant of the antenna can be effectively improved.

In some examples, as shown in fig. 10, the outline of the first radiation portion 33a and the outline of the second radiation portion 33b each adopt a polygon, and any internal angle of the polygon is greater than or equal to 90 °. The two shapes can be the same or different.

In the present embodiment, the first radiation portion 33a and the second radiation portion 33b are each in the form of a hexagon. Specifically, the hexagon comprises a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a fifth side and a sixth side which are sequentially connected; the extending direction of the first side edge is the same as the extending direction of the fourth side edge and is vertical to the extending direction of the second side edge and the fifth side edge; the extension directions of the third side edge and the second side edge are the same, and the included angle between the third side edge and the extension direction of the first side edge is 44.5-45.5 degrees.

For example, the first radiation portion 33a having a hexagonal outline is formed by cutting corners of an isosceles right triangle as a regular quadrangle, the lengths of the first side, the second side, the fourth side, and the fifth side are equal, and the lengths of the third side and the sixth side are equal. In this case, the angle between the extension direction of the third side edge and the second side edge and the extension direction of the first side edge is 45 °. The first radiation portion 33a is formed by cutting the corners of an isosceles triangle as a regular quadrangle to achieve impedance matching, thereby reducing loss.

Further, as shown in fig. 10, for the first radiation portion 33a and the second radiation portion 33b that are provided correspondingly, the orthographic projection of the first radiation portion 33a on the first dielectric substrate 31 is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiation portion 33b on the first dielectric substrate 31. Further, the center of the first radiation portion 33a coincides with the orthographic projection of the center of the second radiation portion 33b on the first dielectric substrate 31.

In some examples, the first side, the second side, the fourth side, and the fifth side of the first radiating portion 33a are equal in length and are each located between 0.240-0.242 wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency; the third side edge of the first radiation portion 33a and the sixth side edge have the same side length, and are located between 0.073 and 0.074 wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency. The side lengths of the first side, the second side, the fourth side and the fifth side of the second radiation part 33b are all between 0.272 and 0.274 wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna; the third side and the sixth side of the second radiation portion 33b are located between 0.092 and 0.094 wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency.

For example, the lengths of the first side, the second side, the fourth side, and the fifth side of the first radiating portion 33a are 0.241 λ corresponding to the antenna operating frequency; the right angle side length of the cut isosceles right triangle portion is 0.052λ corresponding to the antenna operating frequency, so that the side lengths of the third side and the sixth side of the second radiation portion 33b are determined to be 0.073λ corresponding to the antenna operating frequency. The lengths of the first side, the second side, the fourth side and the fifth side of the second radiation portion 33b are 0.273 lambda corresponding to the antenna operating frequency; the right angle side length of the cut isosceles right triangle portion is 0.066λ corresponding to the antenna operating frequency, so that the side lengths of the third side and the sixth side of the second radiation portion 33b are determined to be 0.093λ corresponding to the antenna operating frequency.

In some examples, fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna element 33 of different structure and shape provided by embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 11, the first radiating portion 33a and the second radiating portion 33b which are stacked may include, but are not limited to, a diagonally grooved circular, annular, rectangular patch, etc., and may improve the antenna operation performance according to the actual application scene.

In some examples, as shown in fig. 1, a first adhesive layer 4 is disposed between the first dielectric substrate 31 and the fourth dielectric substrate 34; the first adhesive layer 4 is configured to adhere the first dielectric substrate 31 and the fourth dielectric substrate 34. Specifically, since the first dielectric substrate 31 is provided with the feeding structure 32 and the at least one first radiating portion 33a on the side thereof close to the fourth dielectric substrate, the first adhesive layer 4 is provided on the side of the first dielectric substrate 31 close to the fourth dielectric substrate 34 and is used for adhering the fourth dielectric substrate 34, the feeding structure 32, the at least one first radiating portion 33a and the first dielectric substrate 31.

In some examples, the first and fourth dielectric substrates 31, 34 may employ printed wiring boards (Printed Circuit Board, PCBs).

In some examples, a second adhesive layer 5 is provided between the antenna substrate 3 and the glass substrate (i.e., the first substrate 1a and the second substrate 1c in the phase shift unit 10). Specifically, when the reference electrode layer 2 is disposed on the side of the antenna substrate 3 close to the first substrate 1a, a second adhesive layer 5 is disposed between the reference electrode layer 2 and the first substrate 1a, the second adhesive layer 5 being configured to adhere the reference electrode layer 2 and the first substrate 1a. The materials of the first adhesive layer 4 and the second adhesive layer 5 may be the same or different, for example: the materials of the first adhesive layer 4 and the second adhesive layer 5 are transparent optical cement (Optically Clear Adhesive; OCA).

In some examples, fig. 12 is a schematic illustration of the location of a first metal isolation column provided by embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 12, the antenna further includes a plurality of first metal isolation posts 6 penetrating the antenna substrate 3; the outline of the orthographic projection of the plurality of first metal isolation posts 6 on the first dielectric substrate 31 surrounds the first radiation portion 33a, while the outline of the orthographic projection of the plurality of first metal isolation posts 6 on the first dielectric substrate 31 surrounds the second radiation portion 33b, that is, the orthographic projection of the first metal isolation posts 6 on the first dielectric substrate 31 surrounds the antenna unit 33. The cavity structure arranged around the antenna unit 33 can make the pattern of the antenna unit 33 more gentle, so that the antenna unit 33 formed by the first radiating part 33a and the second radiating part 33b which are arranged in a stacked manner has the performance of wide-angle scanning.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the antenna unit 33 is described in detail by taking the circularly polarized antenna unit 33 as an example.

In some examples, the ratio of the radius of a first metal isolation column 6 to the spacing between adjacent two first metal isolation columns 6 is between 0.25 and 0.5. Specifically, the ratio of the radius of the first metal isolation posts 6 to the interval between adjacent two first metal isolation posts 6 is 0.29.

The side length of the square cavity surrounded by the first metal isolation column 6 is equal to the center interval between the adjacent antenna units 33, and the square cavity can effectively enhance the isolation between the adjacent antenna units 33 and improve the working stability of the circularly polarized antenna units 33.

In some examples, fig. 13 is a schematic view of the location of a second metal isolation column provided by embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 13, the antenna includes a plurality of second metal isolation posts 7 penetrating the antenna substrate 3; the outline of the orthographic projection of the plurality of second metal isolation posts 7 on the first dielectric substrate 31 surrounds the phase shifter 1. The cavity structure arranged around the phase shifter 1 can isolate the energy interference generated by the feed structure 32 positioned on the same layer, and the stability of the operation of the circularly polarized antenna unit 33 is remarkable.

In some examples, the ratio of the radius of the second metal isolation posts 7 to the spacing between adjacent two second metal isolation posts 7 is between 0.25 and 0.5. Specifically, the ratio of the radius of the second metal isolation posts 7 to the interval between adjacent two second metal isolation posts 7 is 0.29.

The second metal isolation column 7 includes a part of the first metal isolation column 6. For the first metal isolation column 6 and the second metal isolation column 7, the square cavity structure is adopted, so that the directional beam scanning of-60 degrees to 60 degrees can be realized; meanwhile, circular polarization radiation performance with the axial ratio smaller than 3dB is obtained in a scanning angle within a range of 25.5GHz to 26 GHz.

Fig. 14a to 14c are gain patterns actually measured at-60 ° to 60 ° scanning angles at three frequency points of 25.5GHz,25.75GHz and 26GHz, respectively, of the liquid crystal phase shifter 1 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 14, the antenna can obtain side lobes below-10 dB in a scanning angle of-60 DEG to 60 DEG, and the gain fluctuation is less than 3dB; within a scanning angle of-40 degrees to 40 degrees, the gain fluctuation is less than 2dB, the main lobe direction axis ratio is basically below 3dB, and the corresponding cross polarization is below-15 dB.

Fig. 15a to 15m are schematic diagrams of graphs showing measured axial ratios and gain curves of the liquid crystal phase shifter 1 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure under a beam scanning angle of-60 ° to 60 ° at intervals of 10 °. As shown in FIG. 15, in the 25-26GHz frequency band, the antenna can obtain gain of more than 10dB and axial ratio of less than 6dB in a scanning angle of-60 DEG to 60 deg. An axial ratio of 3dB and a gain of up to 12dB can be obtained within a scanning angle of-40 DEG to 40 deg.

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a circular polarization phased array based on a transmission type liquid crystal phase shifter 1, which can realize circular polarization scanning within-40 degrees in a 25-26GHz frequency band, provide a maximum gain of 12dB, and have a gain fluctuation of less than 3dB in a scanning range. In this case, the antenna has the advantages of high response speed, low cost, integration and the like.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the feed structure 32 includes n-stage first feed lines 32a; the first feeder line 32a of the m-1 th stage is connected to the two first feeder lines 32a of the m-th stage; wherein n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, and m and n are integers. The connector 81 is electrically connected to the first feeder line 32a of the 1 st stage.

The feed structure 32 may be a sixteen-in-one power divider, and specifically, a 4-stage one-in-two power divider is formed by cascading each other. The nth stage includes 2 ⁿ A first feeder line 32a. Fig. 16 shows a 4-stage first feed line 32a, wherein the end of the first feed line 32a of the 4 th stage can be coupled to a first transmission structure 11 as a second feed port 322 via a first opening 21. The first feeder line 32a of the 3 rd stage is connected to the first feeder lines 32a of the two 4 th stages; the first feeder line 32a of the 2 nd stage is connected to the two first feeder lines 32a of the 3 rd stage; the first feeder line 32a of the 1 st stage is connected to the two first feeder lines 32a of the 2 nd stage; the first feeder line 32a of the 1 st stage is electrically connected with the connector 81 through the first feeder port 321, or the first feeder line 32a of the 1 st stage is connected with the radio frequency connector through the first feeder port 321 for the test of the antenna in the early stage.

The impedance of the first feeder line 32a of each stage may be the same or different. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to reduce the complexity of the feeding structure 32, the impedance of each first feeder line 32a is the same as an example. Therefore, the first feeder line 32a of the nth stage can output a radio frequency signal of a uniform constant amplitude phase.

In some examples, the first feed line 32a is a strip line, and the first feed port 321 may be an excess structure of the strip line to microstrip line.

By way of example, the connector 81 may include, but is not limited to, a ELC (End Luanch Connector) connector 81, such as a southwest microwave fitting.

In some examples, to increase the degree of freedom in design of the power distribution circuit, the side lobes may be reduced, and the first feed lines 32a of different impedances may be provided. Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of an unequal power distribution circuit topology according to an embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in fig. 16, for a power ratio PRx of a first feeder line 32a of each stage, characteristic impedances of output-side quarter-wavelength portions of the first feeder line 32a of each stage are respectivelyAndwherein x represents the x-th level of one-to-two, Z _c Representing a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. Taking chebyshev tapering distribution as an example, if the normalized weights of the feed amplitudes to the 16 antenna elements 33 are 0.867,0.504,0.622,0.733,0.833,0.914,0.971,1.0,1.0,0.971,0.914,0.833,0.733,0.622,0.504,0.867, respectively, the side lobe level of the far-field beam scanning pattern achieved can be suppressed from-13 dB to-20 dB of the uniform distribution.

In some examples, as shown in fig. 5, the antenna substrate 3 further comprises at least two second feed lines 32b arranged on a side of the first dielectric substrate 31 facing away from the reference electrode layer 2; at least two second feed lines 32b are respectively provided at positions of the feed structure 32 away from the center of the antenna substrate 3.

It should be noted that the second feeder lines 32b are arranged in pairs, for example, 1 pair, 2 pairs, or a plurality of pairs may be arranged. Each pair is disposed at a position of the feed structure 32 away from the center of the antenna substrate 3 (i.e., the antenna), and at the same position from the center of the antenna substrate 3. The unit operation performance (such as matching and axial ratio performance of the antenna) is made ideal without increasing the complexity, and the embodiment of the disclosure sets 1 pair of second feeder lines 32b.

In some examples, as shown in fig. 5, the second feed line 32b is electrically connected with the connector 82.

The first substrate 1a further includes a third transmission line 14 disposed on the second dielectric substrate 131 and near the tunable dielectric layer 1 b; a second feed line 32b is electrically connected to the third transmission line 14 through a first opening 21. The antenna substrate 3 further comprises at least two dummy cells 35; one dummy unit 35 includes a first radiation portion 35a provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 31 facing away from the reference electrode layer 2, and a fourth radiation portion provided on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate 34 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 31; the third transmission line 14 is electrically connected to the third radiation portion 35a of one dummy cell 35 through one second opening 22. Note that, since the dummy unit does not receive the microwave signal, the signal is not radiated either.

Specifically, the second feeder line 32b may be a strip line, and the third transmission line 14 may be a microstrip line. One end of the second feeder line 32b may be coupled to the third transmission line 14 through a first opening 21. The third transmission line 14 is coupled to a dummy cell 35 via a second opening 22. The first feeding port 321 may be an excessive structure in which the other end in the second feeding line 32b is changed from a strip line to a microstrip line.

The thickness of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is 1.531 mm-1.5312 mm, namely 0.128 times of the wavelength of the antenna at the working frequency of 25GHz, compared with a traditional phased array antenna or an existing liquid crystal phased array, the antenna does not need to integrate a radio frequency phase shift chip, the design complexity can be simplified, and meanwhile, the cost of the phased array is reduced.

Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an electronic device, including the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, so that the principle of the problem solved by the electronic device in the embodiments of the present disclosure is similar to the principle of the problem solved by the embodiments of the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, and based on this, a specific description of an electronic device in the embodiments of the present disclosure may refer to the specific description of the embodiments of the antenna, and repeated descriptions are omitted.

The electronic device comprises a control unit in addition to the antenna. A control unit configured to apply a bias voltage to the phase shifter 1 in the antenna.

The control unit is electrically connected with the antenna through a flexible flat cable. Specifically, the control unit is electrically connected to the first branch, the second branch and the patch electrode 13c of each phase shifter 1 in the antenna through flexible flat cables, and is used for loading bias voltages to the first branch, the second branch and the patch electrode 13c, so that the first branch and the second branch form a capacitor with the patch electrode 13 c.

By way of example, the control unit may comprise a separate field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) chip-based power control board.

Because the embodiment of the disclosure is provided with the antenna and the control unit respectively, the antenna test and experiment are convenient to carry out, and for the same antenna structure, different control units can be utilized for control, so that the compatibility is higher.

Based on the actual application scene, if the integration level of the whole system is improved, the product size is reduced, the control unit and the antenna can be integrated on the same printed circuit board line, the display feedback function of the control unit can be increased, and the current theoretical power-on state can be fed back in real time.

It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the present invention, but not in limitation thereof. Various modifications and improvements may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

An antenna, comprising: the phase shifting unit, the reference electrode layer and the antenna substrate are arranged in a laminated mode; wherein,

the phase shifting unit comprises at least one phase shifter, and the phase shifter comprises a first transmission structure, a second transmission structure and a phase shifting structure connected between the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure;

the reference electrode layer has at least one first opening and at least one second opening;

the antenna substrate comprises a first dielectric substrate, a feed structure and at least one first radiation part, wherein the feed structure is arranged on one side of the first dielectric substrate, which is away from the reference electrode layer; the feed structure includes at least one first feed port and at least one second feed port;

for one of the phase shifters, the first transmission structure is electrically connected to one of the second feed ports through one of the first openings; the second transmission structure is electrically connected with one of the first radiation portions through one of the second openings.
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the phase shifting structure comprises a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite one another, and an adjustable dielectric layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein,

the first substrate comprises a second dielectric substrate, and a first transmission line and a second transmission line which are arranged on one side of the second dielectric substrate, close to the tunable dielectric layer;

the second substrate comprises a third dielectric substrate and a plurality of patch electrodes arranged on one side of the third dielectric substrate and close to the adjustable dielectric layer, the patch electrodes are arranged side by side in the extending direction of the first transmission line, and the patch electrodes are overlapped with orthographic projections of the first transmission line and the second transmission line on the second dielectric substrate.
The antenna of claim 2, wherein the first and second transmission structures each comprise a main path, a first branch path, and a second branch path, and the first and second branch paths are of unitary construction, and wherein the first and second branch paths employ serpentine lines;

the main circuit of the first transmission structure is coupled with one second feed port through one first opening; the first branch of the first transmission structure is electrically connected with one end of the first transmission line; the second branch of the first transmission structure is electrically connected with one end of the second transmission line;

The main path of the second transmission structure is coupled and connected with one first radiation part through one second opening; the first branch of the second transmission structure is electrically connected with the other end of the first transmission line; the second branch of the second transmission structure is electrically connected with the other end of the second transmission line.
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna substrate further comprises a fourth dielectric substrate on a side of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the reference electrode layer, at least one second radiating portion disposed on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate;

there is an overlap of one of the second radiating portions with an orthographic projection of one of the first radiating portions on the first dielectric substrate.
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed structure comprises an n-stage first feed line;

the first feeder line of the m-1 th level is connected with the first feeder lines of the two m-th levels; wherein n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, and m and n are integers.
The antenna of claim 5, further comprising a connector; the connector is electrically connected with the first feeder line of the nth stage through the first feeder port.
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first and second radiating portions each comprise a polygon, and any interior angle of the polygon is greater than or equal to 90 °.
The antenna of claim 7, wherein the polygon comprises a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a fifth side, and a sixth side connected in sequence; the extending direction of the first side edge is the same as the extending direction of the fourth side edge and is perpendicular to the extending direction of the second side edge and the fifth side edge; the extension directions of the third side edge and the second side edge are the same, and the included angle between the third side edge and the extension direction of the first side edge is 44.5-45.5 degrees.
The antenna of claim 8, wherein the first side, the second side, the fourth side, and the fifth side of the first radiating portion have equal side lengths and are each between 0.240-0.242 wavelength corresponding to an antenna operating frequency; the third side edge and the sixth side edge of the first radiation part are equal in side length and are positioned between 0.073 and 0.074 wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna;

the side lengths of the first side edge, the second side edge, the fourth side edge and the fifth side edge of the second radiation part are all between 0.272 and 0.274 wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna; the third side edge and the sixth side edge of the second radiation part are both positioned between 0.092 and 0.094 wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna.
The antenna of any of claims 1-9, wherein the antenna further comprises a plurality of first metal isolation posts extending through the antenna substrate; the outline of orthographic projection of the first metal isolation columns on the first dielectric substrate surrounds the first radiation part.
An antenna according to any one of claim 10, wherein the ratio of the radius of the first metal isolation post to the spacing between adjacent two of the first metal isolation posts is between 0.25 and 0.5.
The antenna of any of claims 1-9, wherein the antenna further comprises a plurality of second metal isolation posts extending through the antenna substrate; the orthographic projection outlines of the second metal isolation columns on the first dielectric substrate encircle the phase shifter.
The antenna of claim 12, wherein a ratio of a radius of the second metal isolation post to a spacing between adjacent two of the second metal isolation posts is between 0.25 and 0.5.
The antenna of claim 2, wherein the thickness of the tunable dielectric layer is between 4.4um and 4.8um.
The antenna of claim 2, wherein the antenna substrate further comprises at least two second feed lines disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the reference electrode layer; the at least two second feeder lines are respectively arranged at the positions of the feed structure far away from the center of the antenna substrate;

The first substrate further comprises a third transmission line which is arranged on one side of the second dielectric substrate, which is close to the tunable dielectric layer; one of the second feed lines is electrically connected with the third transmission line through one of the first openings;

the antenna substrate further comprises a first radiation part of at least two dummy units arranged on one side of the first dielectric substrate, which is away from the reference electrode layer; the third transmission line is electrically connected with a third radiation part of one dummy unit through one second opening;

the antenna substrate further comprises a fourth radiation part of at least two dummy units, which is arranged on one side of the fourth dielectric substrate, which is away from the first dielectric substrate; an overlap exists between the orthographic projection of one third radiation part and one fourth radiation part on the first medium substrate.
The antenna of claim 4, wherein a first adhesive layer is disposed between the first and fourth dielectric substrates, the first adhesive layer configured to adhere the first and fourth dielectric substrates.
The antenna of claim 2, wherein a second adhesive layer is disposed between the reference electrode layer and the first substrate, the second adhesive layer configured to adhere the reference electrode layer and the first substrate.
An electronic device comprising the antenna of any one of claims 1-17, and a control unit;

the control unit is configured to load a bias voltage to a phase shifter in the antenna.