CN117247336A - 一种抑制hdac6的异羟肟酸类化合物及其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种抑制hdac6的异羟肟酸类化合物及其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶的异羟肟酸类化合物及其制备方法及应用,结构通式如式(Ⅰ)所示,或其异构体,或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药。本发明所述异羟肟酸类化合物为新型HDAC6酶抑制剂,可选择性抑制HDAC6酶,对神经细胞具有保护作用,对正常细胞毒性低潜在心脏毒性小,有望作为神经保护剂用于神经退行性疾病的治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物技术领域,尤其涉及一种抑制HDAC6的异羟肟酸类化合物及其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDACs)能够催化组蛋白和非组蛋白的去乙酰化过程,和组蛋白乙酰转移酶(histone acetyltransferases,HATs)共同调节细胞内乙酰化水平,从而调控基因的表达。目前,已知哺乳动物HDACs有18个亚型,分为四类:I类(HDAC1、HDAC2、HDAC3、HDAC8);II类:IIa(HDAC4、HDAC5、HDAC7、HDAC9)和IIb(HDAC6、HDAC10);III类(Sirt1~Sirt7);IV类(HDAC11)。
目前已上市的组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(HDACi)共有5个,分别为伏立诺他(vorinostat)、贝利司他(belinostat)、帕比司他(panobinostat)、罗米地辛(romidepsin)和西达本胺(chidamide)。伏立诺他和罗米地辛用于治疗皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(CTCL),贝利司他和西达苯胺用于治疗复发及难治性外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL),帕比司他与硼替佐米和地塞米松联用治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)。
尽管HDAC抑制剂在临床上已取得良好疗效,但仍存在如下缺点:
(1)较强的毒副作用,如恶心、呕吐、骨髓抑制等;
(2)基因毒性;
(3)药代动力学特性差,生物利用度低、半衰期短等。
因此,开发高效低毒的新型HDAC抑制剂仍然存在挑战。
HDAC6是HDAC家族中最大的成员,与其它HDAC成员不同,HDAC6是唯一含有两个催化结构域的组蛋白去乙酰化酶(CD1和CD2),主要分布在胞质内而不是细胞核内,并且在组蛋白的翻译后修饰中无明显的作用。HDAC6具有强的组蛋白去乙酰化酶活性,能够介导非组蛋白的脱乙酰化进程,其主要作用底物有α-微管蛋白(α-tubulin)、热休克蛋白90(heatshock protein 90,HSP90)和皮层肌动蛋白(cortactin)等。由于HDAC6独特的结构和底物多样性,可参与细胞内的多种生理过程,包括细胞运动、内吞作用、细胞自噬、细胞凋亡以及蛋白质转运和降解。大量研究证实HDAC6的过度表达与多种疾病密切相关,如癌症、自身免疫性疾病或神经退行性疾病等。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种新型HDAC6抑制剂,本发明提供的异羟肟酸类化合物可选择性抑制HDAC6酶活性,对神经细胞具有保护作用,对正常细胞毒性低潜在心脏毒性小,有望作为神经保护剂用于神经退行性疾病的治疗。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明的第一方面提供了一种异羟肟酸类化合物,结构通式如式(Ⅰ)所示,或其异构体,或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药;
其中,
R1和R2独立地选自氢、氘、羟基、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、苄基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、氰基、卤代烷基、酰基、磺酰基、氨基烷基,其可任选的被取代;
R选自氢、烷基、环烷基、苄基、杂环烷基、酰基、磺酰基或-C(=O)-Y,其可任选的被取代;
Y选自环烷基、芳基、杂芳基,其可任选的被取代。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,当R为-C(=O)-Y时,结构通式如式(Ⅱ)所示:
其中,
R1和R2独立地选自氢、氘、羟基、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、苄基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、氰基、卤代烷基、酰基、磺酰基、氨基烷基,其可任选的被取代;
Y选自环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、氨基芳基、氨基烷基或氨基杂芳基,其可任选的被取代。
本发明优选的,所述的烷基选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或异丁基,其可任选的被1-3个卤素取代;
本发明优选的,所述的环烷基选自环丙烷基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基,其可任选被被1-3个卤素取代;
本发明优选的,所述的杂环烷基选自咯基、吗啉基、哌啶基、哌嗪环、四氢喹啉基、四氢三唑并吡嗪基、二氮杂环庚烷基或哌嗪基;
本发明优选的,所述的芳基或杂芳基选自苯基、萘基、蒽基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吲哚基、咪唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噻唑基、三唑基、异噁唑基、喹啉基、吡咯基、吡唑基或5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉;
本发明优选的,所述的酰基选自乙酰基、丙酰基、异丁酰基或芳基酰基;
本发明优选的,所述的氨基烷基选自二甲氨基烷基、甲基氨基烷基、哌嗪烷基、哌啶烷基;
本发明优选的,所述的卤素选自氟、氯或溴。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述的式(Ⅰ)化合物药学上可接受的盐包括式(Ⅰ)化合物与盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、醋酸盐、三氟醋酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苹果酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐或草酸盐反应生成的阴离子盐;或式(Ⅰ)化合物与钠离子溶液、钾离子溶液反应生成的阳离子盐。
进一步优选的,R1和R2独立地选自氢、甲氧基、卤素、甲基或苯基,其可任选的被取代;R选自氢或-R(=O)-Y,Y选自环丙基、苯基、卤代苯基或氨基苯基。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中,异羟肟酸类化合物包括以下化合物或其异构体,或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
表1
本发明的第二方面提供了一种上述技术方案所述异羟肟酸类化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,式(Ⅳ)化合物与4-(甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯经硼氢化钠还原得到式(Ⅴ)化合物;
其中,R1和R2如上述技术方案所定义;
S2,当R为氢或氘时,式(Ⅴ)化合物与碱性羟胺溶液反应得到式(Ⅲ)化合物;
当R不为氢或氘时,则式(Ⅴ)化合物与化合物RX进行酰胺化反应得到式(Ⅵ)化合物,式(Ⅵ)化合物与碱性羟胺溶液反应得到式(Ⅰ)化合物;
其中R如上述技术方案所定义,X为卤素。
本发明优选的,步骤S1中,反应温度为-5℃~5℃,和/或,反应在pH=5~7的条件下进行;和/或,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷或甲醇;和/或,还原剂为硼氢化钠或三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,步骤S1包括:将式(Ⅳ)化合物、4-(甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯、有机溶剂和醋酸混合,缓慢加入硼氢化钠,-5℃~5℃下反应10~18h,得到式(Ⅴ)化合物。优选的,式(Ⅳ)化合物与4-(甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯的摩尔浓度为1:1;优选的,有机溶剂为1,2-二氯乙烷;优选的,加入硼氢化钠前在-5℃~5℃下搅拌1~3h;优选的,步骤S1反应温度为0℃;优选的,步骤S1的反应时间为12h。
本发明优选的,步骤S2中,碱性羟胺溶液按照下述方法制备得到:
将盐酸羟胺与氢氧化钠溶于有机溶剂中,搅拌后析出氯化钠,过滤,得到碱性羟胺溶液。
进一步优选的,步骤S2中,式(Ⅴ)化合物或式(Ⅵ)化合物与碱性羟胺溶液反应的温度为5℃~5℃。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,当R为氢或氘时,步骤S2包括:将式(Ⅴ)化合物加入碱性羟胺溶液中,在-5℃~5℃下反应2~5h,反应结束后调节pH值至中性,去除溶剂后加入乙酸乙酯,重结晶得到本发明所述异羟肟酸类化合物(式(Ⅲ)化合物)。优选的,所述步骤S2反应温度为0℃;优选的,步骤S2反应时间为3h;优选的,反应后以醋酸调节pH值至中性;优选的,减压浓缩法去除溶剂。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,当R不为氢或氘时,步骤S2包括:将式(Ⅴ)化合物、化合物RX、三乙胺和有机溶剂混合,室温反应5~8h,得到式(Ⅵ)化合物,式(Ⅵ)化合物加入碱性羟胺溶液中,在-5℃~5℃下反应2~5h,反应结束后调节pH值至中性,去除溶剂后加入乙酸乙酯,重结晶得到本发明所述异羟肟酸类化合物。优选的,有机溶剂为二氯甲烷;优选的,室温反应时间为6h;优选的,-5℃~5℃下反应时间为3h;优选的,反应后以醋酸调节pH值至中性;优选的,减压浓缩法去除溶剂。
本发明的第三方面提供了一种用于制备前述技术方案所述异羟肟酸类化合物的中间体化合物,包括式(Ⅳ)化合物或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
和/或,式(Ⅴ)化合物或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
和/或,式(Ⅶ)化合物或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
其中,R、R1、R2如前述技术方案所定义。
本发明的第四方面提供了前述技术方案所述异羟肟酸类化合物、前述技术方案所述制备方法得到的异羟肟酸类化合物或上述技术方案所述的中间体化合物在制备组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂或神经退行性疾病治疗药物中的应用。
本发明优选的,所述组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂为HDAC6和/或HDAC1抑制剂。
本发明优选的,所述的神经退行性疾病包括脑缺血、脑损伤、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、脊髓小脑共济失调和Pick病中的一种或多种。
本发明的第五方面提供了一种药物组合物,包括至少一种活性组分以及一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料;所述活性组分包括前述技术方案所述异羟肟酸类化合物或前述技术方案所述制备方法得到的异羟肟酸类化合物。
本发明优选的,所述药学上可接受的辅料包括稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体、润滑剂、香味剂和甜味剂中的一种或多种。
本发明所述药物组合物可以制成片剂,粉剂,粒剂,胶囊,口服液及注射用药等多种形式,上述各剂型的药物均可以按照药学领域的常规方法制备。本发明所述药物组合物中的活性组分还可以与其他具有治疗效果或增强治疗效果、降低毒副作用、延长代谢时间的有效成分共同组成药物组合物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
α-微管蛋白是HDAC6的底物之一,它是微管的主要成分。α-微管蛋白在40位赖氨酸处乙酰化是微管中的一个常见过程。微管功能的稳定性强烈依赖于α-微管蛋白的乙酰化状态。基于微管的转运障碍可能会扰乱神经元细胞体和轴突/树突之间的线粒体转运,并进一步导致线粒体功能障碍和随后的细胞死亡。线粒体是突出的基于微管的轴突转运细胞器,通过抑制HDAC6提高α-微管蛋白的乙酰化可以改善基于微管的运输,从而改善线粒体的转运缺陷。HDAC6抑制可能会减缓或逆转与Aβ相关的神经元损伤,本发明针对α-微管蛋白提出了结构新型的HDAC6抑制剂,可用于治疗神经退行性疾病。
1.实验表明,本发明提供的异羟肟酸类化合物结构新型,对HDAC6的抑制活性高(nM级别),部分化合物对HDAC6显示一定的HDAC6选择性抑制作用(相较于HDAC1);
2.实验表明,本发明提供的异羟肟酸类化合物对人胚肺成纤维细胞MRC-5毒性小,显示出较好的肿瘤细胞选择性抑制作用;
3.实验表明,本发明提供的异羟肟酸类化合物对人神经母细胞瘤细胞株SH-SY5Y的抗增殖作用弱,对神经细胞的毒性较小;
4.实验表明,本发明提供的异羟肟酸类化合物可提高L-谷氨酸损伤的SH-SY5Y细胞的活力,显示较好的神经保护作用;
5.实验表明,本发明提供的异羟肟酸类化合物对hERG钾离子通道抑制活性弱,潜在心脏毒性较小。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,所称“异构体”包括但不限于对映异构体、非对映异构体、对映异构体和非对映异构体的混合物、互变异构体、外消旋混合物与非对映异构体的混合物,及其药学上可接收的盐。除非另做说明,当未具体指明异构体组分时,包括所有可能的异构体。
在本发明中,所述“药学上可接受的盐”是指通过形成本发明所述苯并噻二嗪化合物酸式或碱式盐修饰的化合物,包括但不限于无机酸的盐,选自例如,盐酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐和硝酸盐;以及有机盐的盐,选自例如苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、延胡索酸盐、酒石酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、甲磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、2-羟基乙基磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、链烷酸盐如乙酸盐,以及HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH的盐,其中n可以是0-4中的任意整数。如果化合物作为酸加成盐获得,则游离碱可以通过碱化酸式盐的溶液而获得。相反地,如果产物是游离碱,加成盐(例如药学上可接受的加成盐)可以通过将游离碱溶于合适的有机溶剂并且用酸处理溶液而制备,与由碱性化合物制备酸加成盐的常规过程一致。本领域技术人员应了解无需过度实验而可用于制备无毒的药学上可接受的加成盐的各种合成方法。类似地,所述“药学上可接受的酯”是指通过形成本发明所述小分子抑制剂的酯类衍生物,所述“药学上可接受的前药”包括具有在体内外形成本发明所述小分子抑制剂的前体化合物。
在本发明中,所述“芳基”是指5-12个碳原子的全碳单环或稠合多环基团,具有完全共轭的π电子系统。芳环的非限制性实例有:苯环、联苯、萘环和蒽环。芳环可以是无取代或取代的。芳环的取代基可以选自卤素、硝基、氨基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、C3-C6环烷基、卤代C3-C6环烷基。
在本发明中,所述“杂芳基”是指5-12个环原子的不饱和的碳环,其中一个或多个碳被杂原子例如氧、氮、硫等置换。杂芳环可以是单环,也可以是双环,即通过两个环稠合而成。具体的杂环芳基可以是:吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吡咯基、吗啉基、哌啶基或哌嗪基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、吡唑基、苯并吡唑基、吲哚基、二氧戊环基、苯并[1,3]二氧戊环基、噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、噻唑基或苯并噻唑基等。杂环芳基可以是无取代或取代的。杂环芳基的取代基可以选自卤素、硝基、氨基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、C3-C6环烷基、卤代C3-C6环烷基。
在本发明中,所述“烷氧基”是指-O-烷基基团,其中烷基如上所定义。本发明所用“烷氧基”的实例包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基和叔丁氧基,烷氧基可以是无取代或取代的。
在本发明中,所述“卤素”或“卤代”表示氟、氯、溴或碘。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。所有原料未注明合成方法的均购自探索平台、阿拉丁、Sigma-Aldrich等厂家,均为分析纯。
实施例1:N-羟基-4-(((2-甲氧基苯基)氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(Q-1)的制备
中间体4-(((2-甲氧基苯基)氨基)甲基)苯甲酸甲酯的合成
于150ml三颈圆底烧瓶中加入邻甲氧基苯胺(2g,16.24mmol,1eq)、对甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯(2.67g,16.24mmol)、50ml 1,2-二氯乙烷和1ml醋酸,0℃搅拌2h,缓慢加入NaBH4(1.84g,48.72mmol,3eq),冰浴,0℃反应12h,TLC点板监测反应完成,经柱层析分离得到白色中间体2.7g,产率61.2%。
MS(ESI)m/z:272.2[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.93(dd,J=8.3,1.8Hz,2H),7.62–7.39(m,2H),6.84(dd,J=7.9,1.4Hz,1H),6.68(td,J=7.6,1.4Hz,1H),6.55(td,J=7.7,1.5Hz,1H),6.35(dd,J=7.8,1.6Hz,1H),5.77(t,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.43(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.86(s,3H),3.84(s,3H).
N-羟基-4-(((2-甲氧基苯基)氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(Q-1)的合成
将盐酸羟胺(2.00g,29mmol)和氢氧化钾(2.09g,32mmol)溶于甲醇(50mL)中,室温下搅拌2h,过滤析出的氯化钾固体,将白色中间体(1g,3.68mmol)加入到上述滤液中,于0℃下反应3h,TLC点板监测反应完全。用醋酸调节反应液pH至7,减压去除溶剂,加入乙酸乙酯溶解固体,超声助溶,室温下搅拌1h,减压过滤,舍去滤饼,滤液减压去除溶剂,乙醇重结晶得到白色固体Q-10.57g,收率:57%,熔点144.4℃~145.5℃。MS(ESI)m/z:273.2[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.16(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),7.79–7.65(m,2H),7.42(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.84(dd,J=7.9,1.4Hz,1H),6.68(td,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),6.54(td,J=7.7,1.5Hz,1H),6.37(dd,J=7.8,1.6Hz,1H),5.70(t,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.39(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.84(s,3H).
实施例2:4-(((4-氯苯基)氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-2)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.547g,收率54.7%。
纯度:99.17%,熔点:156.3℃-157.7℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:276.90[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.16(s,1H),9.07(s,1H),7.80–7.70(m,2H),7.43(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.13–7.04(m,2H),6.63–6.51(m,3H),4.33(d,J=6.1Hz,2H).
实施例3:N-羟基-4-((苯氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(Q-3)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.437g,收率43.7%。
纯度:96.69%,熔点:136℃-139.6℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:243[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.78–7.66(m,2H),7.33(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.12–6.98(m,2H),6.66–6.47(m,3H),4.29(d,J=6.0Hz,2H).
实施例4:N-羟基-4-((对甲苯氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(Q-4)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.495g,收率49.5%。
纯度:96.4%,熔点:152℃-156.3℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:257[M+H]+.
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ9.69(s,1H),7.67(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.30(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.47(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.98(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.22(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.11(s,3H).
实施例5:4-(((2-氯-4-氟苯基)氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-5)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.513g,收率51.3%。
纯度:96.53%,熔点:138.9℃-139.6℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:295.2[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.12(s,1H),7.69(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.38(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.25(dd,J=8.5,3.0Hz,1H),6.91(td,J=8.7,3.0Hz,1H),6.48(dd,J=9.1,5.2Hz,1H),6.11(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.42(d,J=6.2Hz,2H).
实施例6:N-羟基-4-(((3-甲氧基苯基)氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(Q-6)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到类白色固体0.489g,收率48.9%。
纯度:96.48%,熔点:113.15℃-116℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:273[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.22(s,2H),7.74(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.05–6.90(m,1H),6.37(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),6.20(dt,J=8.4,1.2Hz,1H),6.16–6.03(m,2H),4.32(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.66(s,3H).
实施例7:N-羟基-4-((邻甲苯氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(Q-7)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.59g,收率59%。
纯度:98.97%,熔点:123.7℃~127.9℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:257[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.01(s,1H),9.22(s,1H),7.72(s,2H),7.42(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.99(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),6.90(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.49(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.34(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.71(s,1H),4.41(d,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.19(s,3H).
实施例8:4-(((3-溴-5-氟苯基)氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-8)的制备
合成方法如Q-1,得到白色固体0.463g,收率46.3%。
纯度:98.89%,熔点:157.9℃~160.9℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:257[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.20(s,1H),9.08(s,1H),7.75(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.99(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),6.64(s,1H),6.57(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.38(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),4.36(d,J=6.0Hz,2H).
实施例9:4-(((3-氯苯基)氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-9)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.654g,收率65.4%。
纯度:96.34%,熔点:142.4℃~147.3℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:276.9[M+H]+.
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.14(s,1H),9.00(s,1H),7.76–7.62(m,2H),7.40(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.03(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.65(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),6.55(t,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.51(dt,J=8.3,2.0Hz,2H),4.32(d,J=6.1Hz,2H).
实施例10:4-(([1,1'-联苯]-4-基氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-10)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.543g,收率54.3%。纯度:91.10%,熔点:204℃~207.1℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:319[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.60(s,1H),7.71(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.58–7.54(m,2H),7.40(dd,J=8.0,5.7Hz,4H),7.25(dd,J=7.9,3.0Hz,3H),6.73–6.68(m,2H),6.41(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.30(d,J=5.9Hz,2H).
实施例11:N-羟基-4-(((4-甲氧基苯基)氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(Q-11)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.478g,收率47.8%。
纯度:97.24%,熔点:133.3℃~139.7℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:273[M+H]+.
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ9.89(s,1H),7.68(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.67(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.51(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.84(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.23(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),3.60(s,3H).
实施例12:4-(((3-氟苯基)氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-12)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.51g,收率51%。
纯度:97.98%,熔点:132.4℃~135.2℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:260.9[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.18(s,1H),9.08(s,1H),7.75(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.45(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.07(q,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.69(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),6.44(dd,J=8.2,2.1Hz,1H),6.36–6.26(m,2H),4.35(d,J=6.1Hz,2H).
实施例13:4-(((4-氟苯基)氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-13)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.574g,收率57.4%。
纯度:94.71%,熔点:131.7℃~134.6℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:260.9[M+H]+.
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ10.74(s,1H),9.45(s,1H),7.70(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.87(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.53(dd,J=8.6,4.4Hz,2H),6.22(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.27(d,J=5.9Hz,2H).
实施例14:4-(((2-氟苯基)氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-14)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.53g,收率53%。
纯度:97.29%,熔点:137.2℃~138.56℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:260.9[M+H]+.
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.25(s,2H),7.70(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.01(ddd,J=12.3,8.0,1.5Hz,1H),6.85(td,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),6.57–6.46(m,2H),6.26(td,J=6.3,2.2Hz,1H),4.38(d,J=6.2Hz,2H).
实施例15:4-(((2-氯苯基)氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-15)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.613g,收率61.3%。
纯度:97.23%,熔点:57.06℃~61.4℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:275.9[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.22(s,2H),7.74(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.05–6.90(m,1H),6.37(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),6.20(dt,J=8.4,1.2Hz,1H),6.16–6.03(m,2H),4.32(d,J=6.0Hz,2H).
实施例16:N-羟基-4-((间甲苯胺基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(Q-16)的制备
合成方法同Q-1,得到白色固体0.587g,收率58.7%。
纯度:96.01%,熔点:120.3℃~124.5℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:257[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.12(s,1H),7.75–7.62(m,2H),7.39(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.90(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.39(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.33(dd,J=8.3,2.4Hz,2H),6.19(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.28(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.13(s,3H).
实施例17:4-((N-(3-氟苯基)环丙烷甲酰胺)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-17)的制备
4-(((3-氟苯基)氨基)甲基)-苯甲酸甲酯(6c)的制备
于150ml三颈圆底烧瓶中加入间氟苯胺(2g,18mmol,1eq)、对甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯(2.95g,18mmol)、50ml 1,2-二氯乙烷和1ml醋酸,0℃搅拌2h,缓慢加入NaBH4(2.04,54mmol,3eq),冰浴,0℃反应12h,TLC点板监测反应完成,经柱层析分离得到类白色固体6c2.3g,产率49.2%。
MS(ESI)m/z:260.2[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.03–7.91(m,2H),7.52(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.07(q,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.73(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),6.44(dd,J=8.3,2.1Hz,1H),6.40–6.27(m,2H),4.40(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),3.86(s,3H).
4-((N-(3-氟苯基)环丙酰基)甲基)苯甲酸甲酯(7a)的制备
将6c(1g,3.86mmol,1eq)、环丙酰氯(0.443g,4.24mmol,1.1eq)、三乙胺(0.78g,7.71mmol,2eq)和50ml二氯甲烷于150ml单口圆底烧瓶中,室温搅拌反应6h,TLC点板监测反应完成,经柱层析分离得到白色固体7a 0.7g,产率55.6%。
MS(ESI)m/z:328.40[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92–7.84(m,2H),7.41(td,J=8.2,6.7Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.21(dt,J=10.1,2.2Hz,1H),7.15(tdd,J=8.6,2.7,0.9Hz,1H),7.08(ddd,J=7.9,2.1,0.9Hz,1H),4.99(s,2H),3.82(s,3H),1.48(tt,J=7.6,4.9Hz,1H),0.77(dd,J=4.8,3.0Hz,2H),0.70(dt,J=8.0,3.3Hz,2H).
4-((N-(3-氟苯基)环丙烷甲酰胺)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-17)的制备
将盐酸羟胺(2.00g,29mmol)和氢氧化钾(2.09g,32mmol)溶于甲醇(50mL)中,室温下搅拌2h,过滤析出的氯化钾固体,将7a(0.5g,1.53mmol)加入到上述滤液中,于0℃下反应3h,TLC点板监测反应完全,通过乙醇重结晶得到颗粒状白色固体173mg,收率:34.6%,熔点174.4℃~175.7℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:229[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.16(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),7.66(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.42(q,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.23(t,J=8.7Hz,3H),7.19–7.12(m,1H),7.09(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.96(s,2H),1.42(s,1H),0.94–0.82(m,2H),0.70(dd,J=7.5,3.4Hz,2H).
实施例18:N-(3-氟苯基)-N-(4-(羟基氨甲酰)苄基)苯甲酰胺(Q-18)的制备
制备方法同Q-17,得到类白色固体0.17g,收率34%。
纯度:98.97%,熔点:197℃~208℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:365[M+H]+.
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.17(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),7.73–7.63(m,2H),7.42–7.35(m,4H),7.35–7.29(m,1H),7.27(dd,J=8.1,6.6Hz,2H),7.18(td,J=8.2,6.6Hz,1H),7.09(dt,J=10.3,2.3Hz,1H),6.94(td,J=8.5,2.5Hz,1H),6.87(dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),5.17(s,2H).
实施例19:3,4-二氯-N-(3-氟苯基)-N-(4-(羟基氨甲酰)苄基)苯甲酰胺(Q-19)的制备
制备方法同Q-17,得到油状物4-((3,4-二氯-N-(3-氟苯基)苯酰基)甲基)-N-羟基-苯甲酰胺,盐酸乙酸乙酯溶液成盐得白色固体0.214g,收率27%。
纯度:90.77%,熔点:250>℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:433.40[M-HCl].
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.19(s,1H),7.68(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=2.3Hz,2H),7.52(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.40–7.36(m,2H),7.29(dd,J=8.4,2.0Hz,1H),7.24–7.16(m,2H),6.99(tdd,J=8.4,2.3,1.0Hz,1H),6.95–6.90(m,1H),5.14(s,2H).
实施例20:4-((1-(3-氟苯基)-3-苯基脲)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-20)的制备
4-(((3-氟苯基)氨基)甲基)-苯甲酸甲酯(6c)的制备
如通法六,于150ml三颈圆底烧瓶中加入间氟苯胺(2g,18mmol,1eq)、对甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯(2.95g,18mmol)、50ml 1,2-二氯乙烷和1ml醋酸,0℃搅拌2h,缓慢加入NaBH4(2.04,54mmol,3eq),冰浴,0℃反应12h,TLC点板监测反应完成,经柱层析分离得到白色固体6c 2.3g,产率49.2%。
MS(ESI)m/z:260.2[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.03–7.91(m,2H),7.52(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.07(q,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.73(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),6.44(dd,J=8.3,2.1Hz,1H),6.40–6.27(m,2H),4.40(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),3.86(s,3H).
4-((1-(3-氟苯基)-3-苯脲基)甲基)-苯甲酸甲酯(7c)的制备
将6c(1g,3.86mmol,1eq)、苯胺(0.36g,3.86mmol,1eq)、三光气(1.37g,4.63mmol,1.2eq)、三乙胺(0.78g,7.71mmol,2eq)和50ml二氯甲烷于150ml单口圆底烧瓶中,室温搅拌反应6h,TLC点板监测反应完成,经柱层析分离得到0.67g中间产物7c,产率45.9%。
MS(ESI)m/z:379.1[M+H]+.
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.52(s,1H),8.03–7.92(m,2H),7.51(td,J=6.2,3.0Hz,4H),7.43(td,J=8.2,6.8Hz,1H),7.35–7.28(m,2H),7.25(dt,J=10.7,2.3Hz,1H),7.14(ddd,J=8.0,2.1,0.9Hz,1H),7.13–7.08(m,1H),7.04(tt,J=7.3,1.1Hz,1H),5.12(s,2H),3.89(s,3H).
4-((1-(3-氟苯基)-3-苯基脲)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(Q-20)的制备
制备方法如Q-17,经柱层析分离得到棕色固体0.231g,收率23.1%。
纯度:99.3%,熔点:72.5℃~76.3℃。
MS(ESI)m/z:380[M+H]+.
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.16(s,1H),8.99(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),7.69(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.49–7.41(m,2H),7.37(dd,J=7.6,5.7Hz,3H),7.24(dd,J=8.4,7.2Hz,2H),7.18(dt,J=10.7,2.3Hz,1H),7.08(dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),7.04(td,J=8.5,2.6Hz,1H),6.98(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),5.01(s,2H).
实施例21:化合物对HDAC抑制活性
使用已开发建立的实验平台测试条件进行化合物对HDAC6、HDAC1靶点抑制效果的检测,以HDAC6抑制剂Rocilinostat和SW-100作为阳性对照化合物。
1)试剂及耗材
表2
2)仪器
表3
3)HDAC酶配置
HDAC6酶抑制实验:将样品配置成stock浓度为40mM的DMSO溶液,避光保存备用。
HDAC1酶抑制实验:化合物配置成stock浓度为20mM的DMSO溶液,均避光保存备用。
4)HDAC6酶学反应过程
a配制1×反应溶液。
b化合物浓度梯度的配制:待测化合物测试终浓度为80nM起始,4倍稀释,5个浓度,设置单孔检测,阳性化合物测试终浓度为3μM起始,3倍稀释,10个浓度,设置复孔检测。在384孔Source板中梯度稀释成相应100倍终浓度的溶液,然后用Echo550转移250nL到384孔反应板中待测。Max孔和Min孔中均转移250nL的100%DMSO。
c用1×反应溶液配制1.67×酶溶液。
d在各孔中加15μL的1.67×酶溶液;在Min孔中加15μL的1.6×反应溶液。室温孵育15分钟。
e用1×反应溶液配制2.5×底物混合溶液。
f反应板各孔中加入10μL的2.5×底物混合溶液,起始反应。
g使用Synergy连续读取荧光信号。
5)HDAC1酶学反应过程
a配制1×反应溶液。
b化合物浓度梯度的配制:待测化合物测试终浓度为2μM起始,10倍稀释,4个浓度,设置单孔检测;阳性药测试浓度为3μM起始,3倍稀释,10个浓度,设置复孔检测。在384孔Source板中梯度稀释成相应100倍终浓度的溶液,然后用Echo550转移250nL到384孔反应板中待测。Max孔和Min孔中均转移250nL的100%DMSO。
c用1×反应溶液配制1.67×酶溶液。
d在各孔中加15μL的1.67×酶溶液;在Min孔中加15μL的1.6×反应溶液。室温孵育15分钟。
e用1×反应溶液配制2.5×底物混合溶液。
f反应板各孔中加入10μL的2.5×底物混合溶液,起始反应。
g使用Synergy连续读取荧光信号。
5)数据分析
选取线性反应段得到斜率(slope)。进而计算百分比抑制率,计算公式如下:
其中:Mean(Max)是各Max孔(含DMSO和酶)斜率值的均值;Mean(Min)是各Min孔(无酶孔)斜率值的均值;Sample Signal是化合物孔的斜率值。
拟合量效曲线:以化合物浓度的log值作为X轴,对应的百分比抑制率为Y轴,采用分析软件GraphPad Prism 5的log(inhibitor)vs.response-Variable slope拟合量效曲线,从而得出各个化合物抑制酶活性的IC50值。
实验结果见表4:
表4
实验结果显示,本发明化合物对HDAC6显示较强的抑制活性(IC50<15nM),与HDAC1相比,部分化合物对HDAC6抑制活性更强,显示一定选择性。
实施例22化合物抗细胞增殖活性
采用CCK-8法,以SW-100、Ricolinostat为阳性对照药,选择部分本发明化合物测试20μM浓度(复孔)时化合物对SH-SY5Y细胞(人神经母细胞瘤细胞株)和MRC-5人正常胚肺成纤维细胞抗增殖活性。实验数据如表5所示。
表5抗细胞增殖实验结果(Inh%in 20μM)
实验结果显示:在20μM浓度下,本发明所述化合物对SH-SY5Y细胞和MRC-5人正常胚肺成纤维细胞的抗增殖作用普遍较弱,且弱于阳性对照药SW-100和Ricolinostat,预示对细胞的毒性较小。
实施例23化合物对L-谷氨酸诱导SH-SY5Y细胞损伤模型的保护作用
以SW-100、Ricolinostat为阳性对照药,选择本发明部分化合物测试其对L-谷氨酸诱导SH-SY5Y细胞损伤模型的保护作用。
一、实验方法
Day 0:细胞接种
1.离心悬浮细胞并重悬于生长培养基中,然后用细胞计数器计数。
2.将生长培养基中的细胞悬液稀释至所需密度。
3.根据板图将100μL细胞接种到生长培养基中的96孔板中。仅介质用作背景控制(Min)。
4.37℃、5%CO2孵育过夜。
Day 1:化合物处理
1.在DMSO中制备200倍的化合物溶液
2.通过将3μL 200倍的化合物溶液添加到197μL生长培养基中,将含有生长培养基的化合物稀释至3倍最终浓度
3.向细胞中加入50μL稀释的化合物溶液,在37℃、5%CO2下孵育48h。
4.去除生长培养基
5.向细胞中加入150μL含有1X cpds和16mM L-谷氨酸的培养基,37℃、5%CO2孵育24小时。
Day 4:测量
1.测量前将检测板平衡至室温。
2.每孔加入40μLReagent。
3.在轨道振荡器上混合内容物2分钟以诱导细胞裂解。
4.在室温下孵育60分钟以稳定发光信号。
5.在Envision上记录发光。
二、数据分析
(1)使用GraphPad Prism 5。
(2)%Inh=(最大信号-复合信号)/(最大信号-最小信号)×100。
(3)最大信号来自DMSO的作用。
(4)最小信号仅由介质作用获得。
实验结果如表6所示。
表6
化合物体外谷氨酸诱导的神经元损伤模型结果显示:
1)谷氨酸(15nM)可明显降低神经元细胞的活力。SW-100可提高L-谷氨酸损伤的SH-SY5Y细胞的活力,减少L-谷氨酸细胞毒性作用,有一定的神经保护作用,而Ricolinostat的神经保护作用较弱,甚至显示部分毒性。
2)本发明化合物可提高SH-SY5Y细胞的活力,对L-谷氨酸诱导SH-SY5Y细胞损伤显示保护作用,优于或相当于SW-100。
实施例24化合物对hERG钾通道影响实验
采用hERG钾离子通道抑制试验初步考察本发明部分化合物体外潜在心脏毒副作用。实验操作如下:
1)细胞准备
CHO-hERG细胞培养于175cm2培养瓶中,待细胞密度生长到60~80%,移走培养液,用7mL PBS洗一遍,然后加入3mL Detachin消化。
待消化完全后加入7mL培养液中和,然后离心,吸走上清液,再加入5mL培养液重悬,以确保细胞密度为2~5×106/mL。
2)电生理记录过程
单细胞高阻抗封接和全细胞模式形成过程全部由Qpatch仪器自动完成,在获得全细胞记录模式后,细胞钳制在-80毫伏,在给予一个5秒的+20毫伏去极化刺激前,先给予一个50毫秒的-50毫伏前置电压,然后复极化到-50毫伏维持5秒,再回到-80毫伏。每15秒施加此电压刺激,记录2min后给予细胞外液记录2min,然后开始给药过程,化合物浓度从最低测试浓度开始,每个测试浓度给予2min,连续给完所有浓度后,给予阳性对照化合物10μMCisapride。每个浓度至少测试3个细胞(n≥3)。
3)化合物准备
将化合物母液用细胞外液进行稀释,取2μL的化合物母液加入998μL细胞外液,然后在含0.2%DMSO的细胞外液中依次进行5倍连续稀释得到需要测试的最终浓度。实验数据由XLFit软件进行分析。
实验结果如下表:
hERG实验结果显示,本发明化合物对hERG钾离子通道的抑制活性均大于20μM,提示本发明化合物潜在的心脏毒性较低。
实施例25药物组合物1
将实施例3制备的化合物Q-3与填充剂、崩解剂、润滑剂混合、制粒、压片,得到以化合物Q-3为活性成分的药物组合物1。
实施例26药物组合物2
将实施例14制备的化合物Q-14与溶剂、稳定剂混合、过滤、包装,得到以化合物Q-14为活性成分的药物组合物2。
实施例27药物组合物3
将实施例3制备的化合物Q-3、实施例17制备的化合物Q-17与填充剂、崩解剂、润滑剂混合、制粒、压片,得到以化合物Q-3和Q-17为活性成分的药物组合物3。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (15)
1.一种异羟肟酸类化合物,结构通式如式(Ⅰ)所示,或其异构体,或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药;
其中,
R1和R2独立地选自氢、氘、羟基、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、苄基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、氰基、卤代烷基、酰基、磺酰基、氨基烷基,其可任选的被取代;
R选自氢、烷基、环烷基、苄基、杂环烷基、酰基、磺酰基或-C(=O)-Y,其可任选的被取代;
Y选自环烷基、芳基、杂芳基,其可任选的被取代。
2.根据权利要求1所述的异羟肟酸类化合物,其特征在于,结构通式如式(Ⅱ)所示:
其中,
R1和R2独立地选自氢、氘、羟基、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、苄基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、氰基、卤代烷基、酰基、磺酰基、氨基烷基,其可任选的被取代;
Y选自环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、氨基芳基、氨基烷基或氨基杂芳基,其可任选的被取代。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的异羟肟酸类化合物,其特征在于,所述的烷基选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或异丁基,其可任选的被1-3个卤素取代;
和/或,所述的环烷基选自环丙烷基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基,其可任选被被1-3个卤素取代;
和/或,所述的杂环烷基选自咯基、吗啉基、哌啶基、哌嗪环、四氢喹啉基、四氢三唑并吡嗪基、二氮杂环庚烷基或哌嗪基;
和/或,所述的芳基或杂芳基选自苯基、萘基、蒽基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吲哚基、咪唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噻唑基、三唑基、异噁唑基、喹啉基、吡咯基、吡唑基或5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉;
和/或,所述的酰基选自乙酰基、丙酰基、异丁酰基或芳基酰基;
和/或,所述的氨基烷基选自二甲氨基烷基、甲基氨基烷基、哌嗪烷基、哌啶烷基;
和/或,所述的卤素选自氟、氯或溴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的异羟肟酸类化合物,其特征在于,所述的式(Ⅰ)化合物药学上可接受的盐包括式(Ⅰ)化合物与盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、醋酸盐、三氟醋酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苹果酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐或草酸盐反应生成的阴离子盐;或式(Ⅰ)化合物与钠离子溶液、钾离子溶液反应生成的阳离子盐。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的异羟肟酸类化合物,其特征在于,
R1和R2独立地选自氢、甲氧基、卤素、甲基或苯基,其可任选的被取代;
R选自氢或-R(=O)-Y,Y选自环丙基、苯基、卤代苯基或氨基苯基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的异羟肟酸类化合物,其特征在于,包括以下化合物或其异构体,或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
7.一种权利要求1-6任意一项所述异羟肟酸类化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,式(Ⅳ)化合物与4-(甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯经硼氢化钠还原得到式(Ⅴ)化合物;
其中,R1和R2如权利要求1-6任意一项所示;
S2,当R为氢或氘时,式(Ⅴ)化合物与碱性羟胺溶液反应得到式(Ⅲ)化合物;
当R不为氢或氘时,则式(Ⅴ)化合物与化合物RX进行酰胺化反应得到式(Ⅵ)化合物,式(Ⅵ)化合物与碱性羟胺溶液反应得到式(Ⅰ)化合物;
其中R如权利要求1-6任意一项所示,X为卤素。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,反应温度为-5℃~5℃;
和/或,反应在pH=5~7的条件下进行;
和/或,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷或甲醇;
和/或,还原剂为硼氢化钠或三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,式(Ⅴ)化合物或式(Ⅵ)化合物与碱性羟胺溶液反应的温度为-5℃~5℃。
10.一种用于制备权利要求1-6任意一项所述异羟肟酸类化合物的中间体化合物,包括式(Ⅳ)化合物或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
和/或,式(Ⅴ)化合物或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
和/或,式(Ⅶ)化合物或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
其中,R、R1、R2如权利要求1-6任意一项所示。
11.权利要求1-6任意一项所述异羟肟酸类化合物、权利要求7-9任意一项所述制备方法得到的异羟肟酸类化合物或权利要求10所述的中间体化合物在制备组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂或神经退行性疾病治疗药物中的应用。
12.根据权利要求11所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂为HDAC6和/或HDAC1抑制剂。
13.根据权利要求12所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的神经退行性疾病包括脑缺血、脑损伤、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、脊髓小脑共济失调和Pick病中的一种或多种。
14.一种药物组合物,包括至少一种活性组分以及一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料;所述活性组分包括权利要求1-6任意一项所述异羟肟酸类化合物或权利要求7-9任意一项所述制备方法得到的异羟肟酸类化合物。
15.根据权利要求14所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料包括稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体、润滑剂、香味剂和甜味剂中的一种或多种。
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