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CN117228909B - Seawater desalination system - Google Patents

Seawater desalination system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117228909B
CN117228909B CN202311529442.0A CN202311529442A CN117228909B CN 117228909 B CN117228909 B CN 117228909B CN 202311529442 A CN202311529442 A CN 202311529442A CN 117228909 B CN117228909 B CN 117228909B
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pipe
evaporation
flash evaporation
water
flash
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CN117228909A (en
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盖树光
李忠华
刘玉涛
周文祥
宋佳益
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Yantai Flanders Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Yantai Flanders Electronic Technology Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131Reverse-osmosis

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  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sea water desalination, and particularly relates to a sea water desalination system which comprises an evaporation device, a reverse osmosis device and a flash evaporation device, wherein the evaporation device comprises an evaporation tank, the evaporation tank is provided with an evaporation water inlet pipe, and the evaporation tank is provided with a condensing lens; the reverse osmosis device comprises a permeation tube; the infiltration pipe is divided into a seawater end and a fresh water end, the seawater end is connected with an infiltration water inlet pipe, and the fresh water end is provided with a low-pressure cavity; the flash evaporation device comprises a flash evaporation box and a flash evaporation water inlet pipe; the flash evaporation water inlet pipe is connected with a pretreatment pipe; the evaporation water inlet pipe, the permeation water inlet pipe and the pretreatment pipe are all filled with seawater; the pretreatment tube is positioned at or near the focal point of the cohesive lens in the evaporation tank; the condensing water outlet pipe is communicated with the low-pressure cavity. The invention not only saves the consumption of energy, but also ensures the persistence of the sea water desalination process by arranging the combined sea water desalination systems in various forms and making the devices cooperate with each other.

Description

Seawater desalination system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sea water desalination, and particularly relates to a sea water desalination system.
Background
The seawater salt is mainly sodium chloride, accounting for about 78%, and the rest 22% is magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, etc. The salinity of human blood is 0.9%, while the salinity of seawater is up to 4 times that of the human blood. If the seawater is directly drunk, excessive salt in the body is discharged from kidney organs in the form of urine, and dehydration death possibly occurs, so that the seawater can be drunk only after desalination treatment, the seawater desalination technology is mature and mainly comprises multiple-stage flash evaporation, multiple-effect distillation, reverse osmosis and other technologies, the existing desalination technology is usually a single-form technology, and the technology is not well optimized by combining the respective technical characteristics.
The publication number CN102642975B discloses a flash evaporation combined freezing sea water desalination system of a thermal power plant, which consists of a water supply system, a multi-stage flash evaporation system, a freezing system, a heat pump system and a thermal power plant heat system, wherein the water supply system is respectively connected with the multi-stage flash evaporation system, the freezing system and the thermal power plant heat system through pipelines; the refrigerating system is connected with a thermal power plant thermal system through a heat pump system and a multi-stage flash evaporation system. The method realizes the technical effects of effectively recycling and utilizing the heat release amount of the refrigeration system and the desalted water waste heat of the multi-stage flash evaporation system and providing water vapor required by melting ice crystals for the refrigeration system, thereby increasing the desalted water yield of the multi-stage flash evaporation system and ensuring that the desalted water of the refrigeration system is not polluted.
However, in the above-mentioned reference, the ice crystals obtained by desalination are melted by using waste heat, so that the fresh water yield is improved, and the fresh water obtaining process between them has no synergistic effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seawater desalination system, which solves the technical problems of single seawater desalination means or low correlation degree among the seawater desalination means, and realizes the seawater desalination system which is combined in various forms and has mutual cooperation.
The seawater desalination system comprises an evaporation device, a reverse osmosis device and a flash evaporation device, wherein the evaporation device comprises an evaporation box, the evaporation box is provided with an evaporation water inlet pipe and a condensation water outlet pipe for leading out steam, and the upper end of the evaporation box is provided with a condensing lens;
the reverse osmosis device comprises a permeation tube and an RO membrane arranged in the permeation tube; the osmosis pipe is divided into a seawater end and a fresh water end by the RO membrane, the seawater end is connected with a osmosis water inlet pipe, and the fresh water end is connected with a osmosis water outlet pipe; the seawater end is provided with a high-pressure cavity above the liquid level, and the fresh water end is provided with a low-pressure cavity above the liquid level;
the flash evaporation device comprises a flash evaporation box, a flash evaporation water inlet pipe connected with the flash evaporation box, a water collecting tank for collecting condensed fresh water, a flash evaporation water outlet pipe for discharging fresh water and a water outlet pipe for discharging seawater; the flash evaporation water inlet pipe is sequentially connected with a heating pipe, a preheating pipe and a pretreatment pipe, wherein the preheating pipe and the pretreatment pipe are positioned in the flash evaporation box;
the evaporation water inlet pipe, the permeation water inlet pipe and the pretreatment pipe are all filled with pretreated seawater; the pretreatment tube is positioned at an optical focus of the cohesive lens in the evaporation tank; the condensation water outlet pipe is communicated with the low-pressure cavity; the flash evaporation device also comprises an air pump, wherein the air inlet end of the air pump is communicated with the flash evaporation box, and the air outlet end of the air pump is communicated with the high-pressure cavity.
The low-pressure cavity is connected with a pressure stabilizing component, a pressure limiting valve and a one-way air inlet valve.
The flash tank is communicated with the low-pressure cavity, and a condensing cavity is arranged on a pipeline between the flash tank and the low-pressure cavity.
The invention achieves the following remarkable effects:
(1) According to the scheme, the pretreatment pipe is arranged in the evaporation tank, so that the seawater in the pretreatment pipe is preheated while the seawater in the evaporation tank is evaporated, and the heating time of the heating pipe in the subsequent process is saved;
(2) According to the scheme, the air pressure in the flash evaporation box is reduced by the air pump, the pressure in the high-pressure cavity is increased, and after the single flash evaporation process is finished, the water vapor remained in the flash evaporation box is further transmitted to the seawater end in the reverse osmosis device to supplement the fresh water amount.
(3) According to the scheme, by arranging the pressure stabilizing component, the water vapor entering the low-pressure cavity of the evaporation box can be fully condensed to enter the fresh water end, and the influence of the excessive air pressure increase caused by the excessive temperature on the reverse osmosis of the reverse osmosis device can be avoided, so that the fresh water is collected to the greatest extent;
(4) The scheme ensures that all devices are mutually cooperated and promoted by arranging the combined sea water desalination systems in various forms, thereby saving the consumption of energy and ensuring the persistence of the sea water desalination process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sea water desalination system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an optical path under the action of a condensing lens in an evaporation device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage stabilizing component according to an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, the reference numerals are as follows: 1. an evaporation device; 11. an evaporation tank; 12. evaporating a water inlet pipe; 13. condensing a water outlet pipe; 14. a condensing lens; 2. a reverse osmosis device; 21. a permeate tube; 22. RO membrane; 23. a seawater end; 24. a fresh water end; 25. a permeate inlet pipe; 26. penetrating the water outlet pipe; 27. a high pressure chamber; 28. a low pressure chamber; 3. a flash evaporation device; 31. a flash tank; 32. flash evaporation water inlet pipe; 33. a water collection tank; 34. flash evaporation water outlet pipe; 35. a drain pipe; 36. heating pipes; 37. a preheating tube; 38. a pretreatment tube; 4. an air extracting pump; 41. an intake pressure stabilizing valve; 42. an air outlet pressure stabilizing valve; 43. a condensing chamber; 5. a voltage stabilizing component; 51. a condensing tube; 52. a gas storage tube; 53. a piston rod; 54. a return spring; 55. a pressure limiting valve; 56. a one-way air inlet valve.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly describe the technical characteristics of the present solution, the present solution is described below by means of specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a sea water desalination system comprises an evaporation device 1, a reverse osmosis device 2 and a flash evaporation device 3, wherein the evaporation device 1 comprises an evaporation tank 11, the evaporation tank 11 is provided with an evaporation water inlet pipe 12 and a condensation water outlet pipe 13 for leading out steam, and the upper end of the evaporation tank 11 is provided with a condensing lens 14; the evaporation tank 11 is a plurality of rectangular tanks arranged side by side, and the condensing lens 14 is a rectangular fresnel lens; when sunlight irradiates the condensing lens 14, the focal point generated by the condensing lens 14 is in a straight line, and when the liquid level of the seawater in the evaporation tank 11 is higher than the focal point, the condensing lens has a rectangular energy collecting range on the surface of the seawater, so that the heating range of the condensing lens on the seawater is in a rectangular area.
The reverse osmosis device 2 comprises a permeation tube 21 and an RO membrane 22 arranged in the permeation tube 21; the osmosis pipe 21 is divided into a seawater end 23 and a fresh water end 24 by an RO membrane 22, the seawater end 23 is connected with a osmosis water inlet pipe 25, and the fresh water end 24 is connected with a osmosis water outlet pipe 26; the seawater end 23 is provided with a high-pressure cavity 27 above the liquid level, and the fresh water end 24 is provided with a low-pressure cavity 28 above the liquid level; by increasing the air pressure in the high pressure chamber 27, water molecules in the sea water side 23 are increased to pass through the RO membrane 22 to the fresh water side 24.
The flash evaporation device 3 includes a flash evaporation tank 31, a flash evaporation water inlet pipe 32 connected to the flash evaporation tank 31, a water collecting tank 33 for collecting condensed fresh water, a flash evaporation water outlet pipe 34 for discharging fresh water, and a water outlet pipe 35 for discharging seawater; the flash evaporation water inlet pipe 32 is sequentially connected with a heating pipe 36, a preheating pipe 37 and a pretreatment pipe 38 which are positioned in the flash evaporation box 31, and the flash evaporation water inlet pipe 32 is provided with a pressure relief valve; the water vapor is heated to a specified temperature by a heating pipe 36, the air pressure in the flash tank 31 is regulated to a specified saturated vapor pressure, the seawater at one end of the heating pipe 36 is led into the flash tank by a pressure relief valve, the seawater in the flash tank 31 is rapidly evaporated, and the evaporated water vapor is condensed to form fresh water and enters the water collecting tank 33.
The evaporation water inlet pipe 12, the permeation water inlet pipe 25 and the pretreatment pipe 38 are all filled with pretreated seawater; the pretreatment tube 38 is located at or near the optical focal point of the condenser lens 14 in the evaporation tank 11; the straight line formed by the focal point of the condensing lens 14 coincides with the length direction of the pretreatment tube 38; so that the seawater in the pretreatment pipe 38 can be preheated by the condensing lens, and the seawater temperature is increased; the condensation water outlet pipe 13 is communicated with the low-pressure cavity 28; the water vapor in the condensation water outlet pipe 13 enters the low-pressure cavity 28 and is condensed into water to enter the fresh water end 24; the flash evaporation device also comprises an air pump 4, wherein the air inlet end of the air pump 4 is communicated with the flash evaporation box 31, and the air outlet end of the air pump is communicated with the high-pressure cavity 27; the air pump 4 makes the air pressure in the flash evaporation tank 31 reach the saturated vapor pressure of water, the specific pressure value of the air pump corresponds to the water temperature at the flash evaporation water inlet pipe 32, namely, when the water temperature in the flash evaporation water inlet pipe 32 is 95 ℃, the saturated vapor pressure in the flash evaporation tank 31 is not more than 84.56KPa, so that the heated seawater can be vaporized in the flash evaporation tank 31 to generate steam after the flash evaporation water inlet pipe 32 is opened through the pressure relief valve, and the steam is collected through the water collecting tank 33 after condensation and then is discharged through the flash evaporation water pipe 34.
Further, the evaporation device 1, the reverse osmosis device 2 and the flash evaporation device 3 are arranged in parallel in multiple stages, a preheating pipe 37 penetrates through each flash evaporation tank 31, and a drain pipe 35 of the flash evaporation tank 31 at the upper stage is connected with a flash evaporation water inlet pipe 32 at the lower stage. The multistage parallel arrangement can fully collect fresh water in seawater, and improves the fresh water conversion rate.
An air inlet pressure stabilizing valve 41 is arranged at the connecting pipe of the flash evaporation tank 31 and the air pump 4, and an air outlet pressure stabilizing valve 42 is arranged at the connecting pipe of the air pump 4 and the high pressure cavity 27. The pressure in the flash tank 31 is maintained at a value of saturated vapor pressure by providing the intake pressure stabilizing valve 41 to avoid the pressure in the flash tank 31 from being too low; by setting the air outlet pressure stabilizing valve 42, the pressure in the high pressure cavity 27 is at a stable value, so that the influence of the excessive high pressure or the excessive low pressure on the reverse osmosis or the reduction of the service life of the RO membrane is avoided.
Further, the low pressure chamber 28 is connected with a voltage stabilizing assembly 5, and the voltage stabilizing assembly 5 comprises a condensation pipe 51 and a gas storage pipe 52 which are communicated with the low pressure chamber 28; a piston rod 53 is hermetically and slidingly connected in the gas storage tube 52, and a return spring 54 is arranged in the gas storage tube 52 at one side of the piston rod 53 away from the low-pressure cavity 28; a pressure limiting valve 55 and a one-way inlet valve 56 are also mounted at the low pressure chamber 28. The working pressure in the high pressure chamber 27 is 1.5-2MPa. When the air pressure in the low-pressure cavity 28 is too high, the piston rod 53 is pushed to shrink, the whole cavity space is increased, so that the air pressure is reduced, and when the air pressure is further increased, the air pressure in the low-pressure cavity 28 is ensured by exhausting through the pressure limiting valve 55; when the water vapor entering the low-pressure cavity 28 is reduced or the air pressure value in the low-pressure cavity 28 is lower due to the temperature reduction, the air is introduced through the one-way air inlet valve 56 to stabilize the air pressure value in the low-pressure cavity 28, so that the air pressure value in the low-pressure cavity 28 is kept relatively consistent with the atmospheric pressure; by arranging the pressure stabilizing component 5, the water vapor entering the low-pressure cavity 28 from the evaporation tank 11 can be fully condensed and enter the fresh water end 24, and the influence of the excessive air pressure increase caused by the excessive temperature on the reverse osmosis of the reverse osmosis device 2 can be avoided, so that the fresh water is collected to the greatest extent.
The flash tank 31 is communicated with the low-pressure cavity 28, and a condensing cavity 43 is arranged on a pipeline between the flash tank 31 and the low-pressure cavity 28. The water vapor which is not condensed in the flash tank 31 enters the condensation cavity 43 through a pipeline for further condensation and then is gathered into fresh water in the fresh water end 24.
Further, the evaporated seawater in the evaporation tank 11 can be further connected to a specific flash tank 31 via a pipeline.
Further, in order to pre-heat the pretreated seawater, the seawater passing through the drain pipe 35 of the flash tank 31 of the last stage may be heat-conducted to heat the pretreated seawater pipeline, thereby reducing heat loss and improving heat energy utilization rate.
The pretreatment pipe 38 is arranged in the evaporation tank 11, so that the seawater in the evaporation tank 11 is preheated while the seawater in the pretreatment pipe 38 is evaporated, and the heating time of the heating pipe 36 in the subsequent process is saved; the air pressure in the flash tank 31 is reduced and the pressure in the high-pressure cavity 27 is increased by arranging the air pump 4, and the water vapor remained in the flash tank 31 is further transmitted to the seawater end 23 in the reverse osmosis device 2 for supplementing the fresh water after the single flash evaporation process is finished, so that the speed of crystallization accumulation at the RO membrane caused by the increase of the seawater concentration is slowed down; by arranging the combined seawater desalination systems in various forms, all the devices are mutually cooperated and promoted, so that the consumption of energy sources is saved, and the persistence of the seawater desalination process is ensured.
The technical features of the present invention that are not described in the present invention may be implemented by or using the prior art, and are not described in detail herein, but the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, but is also intended to be within the scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art.

Claims (2)

1. The sea water desalination system comprises an evaporation device (1), a reverse osmosis device (2) and a flash evaporation device (3), and is characterized in that the evaporation device (1) comprises an evaporation tank (11), the evaporation tank (11) is provided with an evaporation water inlet pipe (12) and a condensation water outlet pipe (13) for leading out steam, and a condensing lens (14) is arranged at the upper end of the evaporation tank (11);
the reverse osmosis device (2) comprises a permeation tube (21) and an RO membrane (22) arranged in the permeation tube (21); the osmosis pipe (21) is divided into a seawater end (23) and a fresh water end (24) by the RO membrane (22), the seawater end (23) is connected with a osmosis water inlet pipe (25), and the fresh water end (24) is connected with a osmosis water outlet pipe (26); the seawater end (23) is provided with a high-pressure cavity (27) above the liquid level, and the fresh water end (24) is provided with a low-pressure cavity (28) above the liquid level;
the flash evaporation device (3) comprises a flash evaporation box (31), a flash evaporation water inlet pipe (32) connected with the flash evaporation box (31), a water collecting tank (33) for collecting condensed fresh water, a flash evaporation water outlet pipe (34) for discharging fresh water and a water outlet pipe (35) for discharging seawater; the flash evaporation water inlet pipe (32) is sequentially connected with a heating pipe (36), a preheating pipe (37) and a pretreatment pipe (38); the preheating pipe (37) is positioned in the flash tank (31); the flash evaporation water inlet pipe (32) is provided with a pressure relief valve;
the evaporation water inlet pipe (12), the permeation water inlet pipe (25) and the pretreatment pipe (38) are all filled with pretreated seawater; the pretreatment tube (38) is positioned at the optical focus of the cohesive lens (14) in the evaporation box (11); the condensation water outlet pipe (13) is communicated with the low-pressure cavity (28); the flash evaporation device also comprises an air pump (4), wherein the air inlet end of the air pump (4) is communicated with the flash evaporation box (31), and the air outlet end of the air pump is communicated with the high-pressure cavity (27);
an air inlet pressure stabilizing valve (41) is arranged at the connecting pipe of the flash evaporation tank (31) and the air pump (4), and an air outlet pressure stabilizing valve (42) is arranged at the connecting pipe of the air pump (4) and the high-pressure cavity (27);
the low-pressure cavity (28) is connected with a pressure stabilizing component (5), a pressure limiting valve (55) and a one-way air inlet valve (56);
the pressure stabilizing component (5) comprises a condensing pipe (51) and a gas storage pipe (52), wherein the condensing pipe (51) is communicated with the low-pressure cavity (28); a piston rod (53) is connected in the gas storage tube (52) in a sealing and sliding manner, and a return spring (54) is arranged on one side, away from the low-pressure cavity (28), of the piston rod (53) in the gas storage tube (52);
the flash tank (31) is communicated with the low-pressure cavity (28), and a condensing cavity (43) is arranged on a pipeline between the flash tank (31) and the low-pressure cavity (28).
2. A seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporation device (1), the reverse osmosis device (2) and the flash evaporation device (3) are arranged in parallel in multiple stages, and a preheating pipe (37) penetrates through each flash evaporation tank (31), and a drain pipe (35) of the flash evaporation tank (31) of the upper stage is connected with a flash evaporation water inlet pipe (32) of the next stage.
CN202311529442.0A 2023-11-16 2023-11-16 Seawater desalination system Active CN117228909B (en)

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CN117228909B true CN117228909B (en) 2024-02-09

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11216459A (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-10 Nishishiba Electric Co Ltd Seawater desalting device
JP2005185988A (en) * 2003-12-26 2005-07-14 Xenesys Inc Seawater desalination system
KR100905944B1 (en) * 2009-01-06 2009-07-06 뉴엔텍(주) Seawater desalination equipment using solar complex modules
KR20110071977A (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-29 (주) 코네스코퍼레이션 Solar thermal-combinded desalination system
CN102642975A (en) * 2012-05-11 2012-08-22 集美大学 Flash evaporation and freezing united seawater desalination system for thermal power plant
CN103663835A (en) * 2013-12-17 2014-03-26 中国电力工程顾问集团公司 Hybrid MSF (multistage flash)/RO (reverse osmosis) sea water desalination system
CN107089697A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-08-25 西安工程大学 Floatation type solar energy sea water desalination apparatus
CN107720863A (en) * 2017-11-13 2018-02-23 华北电力大学 A kind of groove type solar sea water desalinating unit based on film distillation
KR20180129083A (en) * 2017-05-25 2018-12-05 두산중공업 주식회사 Evaporative Desalination Apparatus, Desalination Method and System therewith
CN110272161A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-09-24 江西科技师范大学 Bar shaped mirror surface collection thermoelectric energizes microwave heating desalination plant and desalination method

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11216459A (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-10 Nishishiba Electric Co Ltd Seawater desalting device
JP2005185988A (en) * 2003-12-26 2005-07-14 Xenesys Inc Seawater desalination system
KR100905944B1 (en) * 2009-01-06 2009-07-06 뉴엔텍(주) Seawater desalination equipment using solar complex modules
KR20110071977A (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-29 (주) 코네스코퍼레이션 Solar thermal-combinded desalination system
CN102642975A (en) * 2012-05-11 2012-08-22 集美大学 Flash evaporation and freezing united seawater desalination system for thermal power plant
CN103663835A (en) * 2013-12-17 2014-03-26 中国电力工程顾问集团公司 Hybrid MSF (multistage flash)/RO (reverse osmosis) sea water desalination system
KR20180129083A (en) * 2017-05-25 2018-12-05 두산중공업 주식회사 Evaporative Desalination Apparatus, Desalination Method and System therewith
CN107089697A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-08-25 西安工程大学 Floatation type solar energy sea water desalination apparatus
CN107720863A (en) * 2017-11-13 2018-02-23 华北电力大学 A kind of groove type solar sea water desalinating unit based on film distillation
CN110272161A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-09-24 江西科技师范大学 Bar shaped mirror surface collection thermoelectric energizes microwave heating desalination plant and desalination method

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