CN117143223B - 一种生物合成人体结构性材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文中提供了一种生物合成人体结构性材料的制备方法。多肽具有SEQID NO.4、5或6的氨基酸序列。本发明制备得到的重组Ⅶ型人源化胶原蛋白具有高促进细胞增殖的活性,应用于人体不会产生免疫反应,且其制备方法新颖,可大规模获得重组Ⅶ型人源化胶原蛋白,在人体结构性材料制备方面得到广泛应用。其应用领域包含高端医疗器械制备,如生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养、组织注射填充、皮肤的修复再生、口腔黏膜的修复再生、子宫颈黏膜修复再生、妇产科生物材料、3D打印人造器官生物材料等;高端化妆品原料及高端药用辅料;食品添加剂等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合成生物技术领域,涉及一种人体结构性材料的生物合成制备方法。
背景技术
人体结构性材料主要是包含胶原蛋白之内的结构性蛋白,这类蛋白对细胞、组织具有黏附、支撑功能,是主要的细胞外基质组成成分。
胶原蛋白是广泛分布于人体结缔组织的一类蛋白质,也是人体含量最多的蛋白质,可以占到蛋白质总量的25%~35%,目前发现人体至少有28种胶原蛋白亚型,分别位于不同组织器官。其中VII型胶原蛋白属于纤维型的胶原蛋白,分布于复层鳞状上皮的基底膜区,例如:皮肤、口腔黏膜、子宫颈等,所以又称基底膜胶原蛋白。VII型胶原蛋白是皮肤中的锚定原纤维的主要组分,这些原纤维从表皮基底膜的层状树突延伸到真皮结缔组织,有助于表皮和真皮之间的粘附。有动物实验可证明,VII型胶原蛋白可通过组织层粘连蛋白,促进纤维细胞迁移和分泌细胞因子,参与皮肤的损伤和修复;也可通过人为注射重组VII型胶原蛋白纠正营养不良大疱表皮松懈症。
目前,人们主要是从动物组织提取或通过慢病毒转染得到VII型胶原蛋白粗品。遗憾的是,VII型胶原蛋白在生物体内含量较低,提取过程较为复杂,且动物源性免疫反应也是导胶原蛋白在应用中受限的重要原因。而慢病毒转染虽具有较低的免疫源性,但操作难度大和对目的基因容量有较大的限制。随着我国胶原蛋白产业的日益壮大,利用生物合成路径获得胶原蛋白日趋成熟,尤其是人源化胶原蛋白已经走在世界前列。2021年国家药监局对生物合成胶原蛋白做了命名分类,其中,重组人源化胶原蛋白是指由DNA重组技术制备的人胶原蛋白特定型别基因编码的全长或部分氨基酸序列片段,或是含人胶原蛋白功能片段的组合。
VII型胶原蛋白是由3条相同的ɑ1链组成的同源三聚体,分子形式为ɑ1ɑ1ɑ1(VII)。三个α1(VII)链一起扭曲形成前胶原的三链绳状分子。前胶原分子由细胞分泌并通过酶处理从末端除去多余的蛋白质片段。前胶原分子在加工后,排列未长的薄束,形成成熟的VII型胶原蛋白。而每一条ɑ1多肽链均含有中央胶原性的三螺旋区,两侧为非胶原性的氨基端和羧基端。胶原性的结构区是由特征性Gly-X-Y重复序列构成三螺旋结构域。VII型胶原蛋白的基因突变,会引起胶原蛋白的合成障碍或是结构异常,导致不同程度的水疱,其症状可累及到皮肤、口腔黏膜、食道等部位。虽大多数为无义突变,但是仍会出现错义突变,导致胶原蛋白在细胞内的滞留和错误折叠,影响阴道粘膜与基底膜固有层的连接。
目前VII型胶原蛋白主要通过酶解法和慢病毒转染来得到。其中酶解法是指:通过蛋白酶处理动物来源的组织,从而提取得到VII型胶原蛋白衍生物。但是该方法提取的胶原蛋白已经丧失了原本的生物学活性,无法发挥该胶原蛋白真正的功能。而慢病毒转染是指通过构建逆转录病毒载体,再进行细胞转染,最后提纯得到VII型胶原蛋白。但是该方法的制备过程具有以下缺陷:制备难度大,不易获得高纯度的病毒;慢病毒载体在宿主基因组的整合具有随机性,可能干扰插入位点及其附近基因表达;难以实现整合拷贝数的精确控制;目的基因的容量小。所以,亟需一种可以克服该缺陷的重组Ⅶ型人源化胶原蛋白的生物合成方法,使其作为人体结构性材料得到广泛应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明设计了重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白的核心功能区筛选和合成工艺。本发明设计了一种重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白的功能区筛选和蛋白合成工艺,属于首次发明。
在一方面,本发明提供了多肽,其包含(重复单元)n,该重复单元包含SEQ ID NO.1的氨基酸序列,各重复单元是直接连接的并且重复单元的数目n是4-20。在一个实施方案中,多肽是重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白。
在一个实施方案中,多肽具有SEQ ID NO.4的氨基酸序列。
在一方面,本发明提供了核酸,其包含本文所述的多肽的核苷酸序列。在一个实施方案中,核酸还包含编码纯化标签的核苷酸序列。纯化标签可以是His标签、GST标签、MBP标签、SUMO标签或NusA标签。在一个实施方案中,核酸还包含编码前导序列的核苷酸序列。
在一个实施方案中,核酸包含SEQ ID NO.7的核苷酸序列。
在一方面,本发明提供了载体,其包含本文所述的核酸。在一个实施方案中,核酸可以包含与核酸可操作连接的表达控制元件。在一个实施方案中,表达控制元件可以是启动子、终止子和/或增强子。
在一方面,本发明提供了宿主细胞,其包含本文所述的核酸或本文所述的载体。在一个实施方案中,宿主细胞是真核细胞或原核细胞。在一个实施方案中,真核细胞是酵母细胞、动物细胞和/或昆虫细胞。在一个实施方案中,原核细胞是大肠杆菌细胞。在一个实施方案中,大肠杆菌是大肠杆菌BL21。
在一方面,本发明提供了生产根据本文所述的多肽,其包括:
(1)在合适的培养条件下培养本文所述的宿主细胞;
(2)收获包含多肽的宿主细胞和/或培养基;和
(3)纯化融合蛋白。
纯化步骤可以通过选自下组的步骤进行:(1)在Ni亲和层析柱粗纯多肽;(2)添加TEV酶酶切;(3)离子交换柱精纯多肽。
在一方面,本发明提供了组合物,其包含本文所述的多肽、本文所述的核酸、本文所述的载体和/或本文所述的宿主细胞。例如,组合物可以包含多肽。多肽的浓度可以大于1mg/ml、大于5mg/ml、大于10mg/ml或大于12mg/ml。
在一个实施方案中,组合物是生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养材料、心血管支架材料、涂层材料、组织注射填充材料、眼科材料、妇产科生物材料、神经修复再生材料、肝脏组织材料及血管修复再生材料、3D打印人造器官生物材料、化妆品原料、药用辅料和食品添加剂中的一种或多种。
在一方面,本发明提供了本文所述的多肽、本文所述的核酸、本文所述的载体和/或本文所述的宿主细胞和/或本文所述的组合物在体外促进细胞黏附或者在制备促进细胞黏附的产品或试剂盒中的用途。
在一方面,本发明提供了本文所述的多肽、本文所述的核酸、本文所述的载体和/或本文所述的宿主细胞和/或本文所述的组合物在高端医疗器械制备,如生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养、心血管支架、涂层、组织注射填充、眼科材料、妇产科生物材料、神经修复再生、肝脏组织及血管修复再生、3D打印人造器官生物材料等;高端化妆品原料及药用辅料;食品添加剂中的应用。
在一方面,本发明提供了促进细胞增殖的方法,其包括将细胞与本文所述的多肽接触。优选地,所述细胞是动物细胞,例如哺乳动物细胞。
本发明的实施方案包括:
1.针对目前的研究现状,本发明提供了一种生物合成重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白的方法,即人体结构性材料的制备方法,具体过程包括:(1)功能区筛选、菌种的构建;(2)大规模生物发酵培养和蛋白的诱导表达;(3)人源化VII型胶原蛋白的纯化和任选的酶切。
2.根据项1所述,功能区筛选、菌种的构建可如下进行:(1)大规模功能区筛选,得到目的基因片段;(2)将得到的目的基因片段插入PET-28a-Trx-His表达载体中得到重组表达质粒;(3)将重组表达质粒转入大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21(DE3)中,筛选得到阳性大肠杆菌基因工程菌。
3.根据项1所述,大规模生物发酵可如下进行:将筛选得到的阳性大肠杆菌基因工程菌加入抗生素储液的摇瓶中,并在220rpm、37℃恒温摇床中培养。
4.根据项1所述,蛋白的诱导表达可如下进行:(1)将培养后的摇瓶降温至16-30℃;(2)添加IPTG母液,进行诱导表达;(3)将诱导表达后的菌液装于离心瓶中,6000rpm、4℃离心12min后收集菌体。
5.根据项1所述,人源化VII型胶原蛋白的纯化和任选的酶切可如下进行:(1)在Ni亲和层析柱粗纯人源化VII型胶原蛋白;(2)按一定比例添加TEV酶酶切;(3)离子交换柱精纯人源化VII型胶原蛋白。
6.根据项2所述中,筛选出的功能区如下所示:
(1)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P7的氨基酸序列:GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
(2)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P11的氨基酸序列:GLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAPGLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAPGLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAPGLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAP
(3)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P12的氨基酸序列:GEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDP。
7.本发明中针对大肠杆菌的密码子进行了优化,优化后的碱基序列为:
(1)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P7的碱基序列为:GGATTTCCCGGGGTCCCGGGAGGCACCGGCCCTAAAGGCGATCGTGGTGAAACCGGCAGCAAGGGCGAGCAGGGTCTGCCGGGCGAGCGCGGTTTGAGAGGCGAACCGGGTTTTCCAGGCGTGCCGGGCGGTACGGGTCCGAAGGGTGACCGTGGCGAAACCGGCAGCAAGGGTGAACAAGGTTTACCGGGTGAACGCGGTCTGCGTGGTGAGCCGGGCTTCCCAGGTGTTCCGGGCGGAACCGGTCCTAAAGGTGATCGTGGCGAAACCGGTTCCAAAGGCGAACAAGGTCTTCCGGGTGAGCGCGGTCTGCGTGGCGAACCGGGTTTCCCGGGCGTGCCGGGAGGCACCGGCCCAAAGGGCGACCGCGGAGAAACCGGCAGCAAAGGCGAGCAGGGCCTGCCGGGTGAACGTGGCCTGCGTGGTGAGCCGGGATTCCCGGGTGTTCCGGGCGGCACCGGTCCGAAAGGTGATCGTGGTGAAACCGGTAGCAAGGGTGAACAGGGTCTGCCGGGCGAGCGCGGCTTGAGAGGTGAGCCTGGTTTTCCGGGGGTGCCCGGCGGTACGGGCCCGAAAGGCGACCGTGGCGAAACCGGTTCTAAGGGTGAGCAGGGTCTGCCGGGTGAGCGTGGTCTGCGCGGTGAGCCGGGTTTCCCGGGCGTTCCGGGTGGCACTGGTCCGAAGGGCGACCGTGGCGAGACTGGCTCGAAAGGTGAACAGGGTTTGCCGGGTGAGCGTGGTCTGCGTGGTGAGCCGGGTTTTCCGGGCGTGCCGGGTGGCACGGGCCCAAAAGGCGATCGTGGTGAGACCGGTTCCAAGGGCGAGCAAGGTCTGCCGGGCGAGCGCGGTCTCCGCGGTGAACCG;
(2)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P11的碱基序列为:GGACTAACAGGGCCGACCGGTGCGGTCGGCCTGCCGGGACCACCGGGCCCCAGCGGTCTGGTTGGTCCTCAGGGTTCCCCGGGTCTTCCGGGCCAGGTTGGTGAGACAGGCAAGCCGGGTGCGCCGGGCCGTGACGGTGCCTCTGGTAAAGACGGCGATCGTGGTTCGCCGGGCGTTCCGGGTTCGCCGGGTCTGCCGGGTCCGGTCGGTCCGAAAGGTGAACCGGGGCCCACTGGTGCGCCAGGCTTGACCGGTCCGACCGGTGCGGTTGGCCTCCCGGGCCCACCGGGACCGAGCGGTCTGGTTGGCCCACAAGGTTCCCCGGGCTTACCGGGCCAGGTTGGAGAAACCGGTAAGCCGGGTGCACCGGGGCGCGACGGCGCAAGCGGTAAGGACGGCGACCGCGGTAGCCCGGGCGTGCCGGGTAGCCCGGGCCTGCCGGGCCCGGTGGGCCCCAAGGGTGAGCCGGGACCGACCGGCGCTCCGGGGTTGACCGGTCCAACGGGCGCTGTGGGCCTGCCGGGTCCACCGGGTCCGAGCGGTCTGGTTGGCCCGCAGGGTAGCCCGGGTCTGCCGGGCCAAGTTGGTGAAACCGGTAAACCGGGAGCACCAGGCCGTGATGGTGCCTCCGGTAAGGACGGCGATCGCGGTTCTCCGGGCGTCCCGGGCTCCCCGGGTCTGCCGGGCCCGGTGGGTCCGAAAGGTGAGCCGGGCCCGACGGGCGCGCCGGGCTTGACCGGCCCGACGGGTGCTGTGGGTCTGCCGGGCCCTCCGGGTCCAAGCGGTCTGGTGGGCCCTCAAGGTTCTCCGGGTCTGCCGGGACAGGTGGGCGAAACCGGTAAGCCGGGTGCGCCAGGTCGTGATGGCGCGAGCGGCAAAGATGGTGATCGTGGCAGTCCGGGGGTGCCGGGCAGCCCGGGCTTGCCGGGTCCAGTAGGTCCGAAAGGCGAGCCGGGCCCGACCGGCGCGCCT;
(3)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P12的碱基序列为:GGAGAACCCGGGGCGAAGGGCGACCGCGGTCTGCCGGGTCCGCGTGGTGAAAAAGGTGAGGCGGGCCGCGCAGGCGAACCGGGTGACCCGGGCGAGGATGGTCAGAAAGGCGCGCCAGGTCCGAAAGGTTTTAAAGGCGATCCGGGCGAACCGGGTGCCAAGGGCGATAGAGGTCTGCCGGGTCCGCGTGGCGAAAAGGGTGAAGCGGGTCGTGCGGGTGAACCGGGTGACCCGGGCGAGGACGGTCAGAAGGGCGCGCCAGGTCCGAAAGGCTTCAAAGGTGACCCGGGTGAACCGGGCGCGAAAGGCGACCGTGGTTTACCGGGTCCGCGTGGTGAGAAGGGGGAGGCTGGTCGTGCCGGTGAACCGGGCGACCCAGGCGAGGATGGTCAGAAAGGCGCGCCTGGTCCCAAGGGCTTCAAGGGCGACCCGGGTGAACCGGGTGCCAAAGGGGATCGCGGTTTGCCAGGTCCTCGCGGTGAAAAGGGCGAGGCTGGTCGCGCTGGTGAGCCGGGCGACCCGGGTGAAGATGGTCAAAAAGGCGCTCCGGGTCCGAAGGGTTTTAAAGGTGATCCGGGCGAGCCGGGTGCGAAGGGCGATCGTGGCCTGCCGGGCCCACGTGGTGAGAAAGGCGAGGCCGGTCGTGCAGGCGAACCGGGTGACCCCGGCGAAGATGGCCAAAAGGGTGCGCCTGGCCCGAAGGGATTCAAAGGCGATCCGGGTGAGCCGGGCGCGAAAGGCGACCGCGGCCTGCCGGGTCCGCGTGGTGAGAAGGGCGAGGCAGGCCGTGCAGGTGAACCGGGTGACCCGGGTGAGGATGGTCAAAAAGGTGCTCCGGGTCCGAAGGGCTTTAAGGGCGACCCG。
8.本发明制备的重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白氨基酸序列源自人天然Ⅶ型胶原蛋白的功能区,包含该功能区及类似的功能区、对氨基酸序列分别进行突变和修饰后的蛋白。
9.本发明制备得到的重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白,其应用领域包含高端医疗器械制备,如生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养、组织注射填充、皮肤的修复再生、口腔黏膜的修复再生、子宫颈黏膜修复再生、妇产科生物材料、3D打印人造器官生物材料等;高端化妆品原料及高端药用辅料;食品添加剂等。
本发明的优点包括:
1.本发明提供了重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白的核心功能区及氨基酸序列;
2.本发明首次成功生物合成了重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白;
3.本发明制备得到的重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白具有良好的细胞黏附效果或促进细胞增殖的效果,应用于人体不会产生免疫反应;
4.其制备方法简单,可大规模获得重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白。
5.重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白优异的性能使其在生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养、组织注射填充、皮肤的修复再生、口腔黏膜的修复再生、子宫颈黏膜修复再生、妇产科生物材料、3D打印人造器官生物材料等;高端化妆品原料及高端药用辅料;食品添加剂等领域有望得到广泛应用。
附图说明
图1:重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P7的纯化情况(5没有样品上样;6为精纯收集的上样流穿样品为目的蛋白)。
图2:重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P11的纯化情况(3和4为精纯收集的上样流穿样品为的目的蛋白)。
图3:重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P12的纯化情况(22为精纯收集的上样流穿样品为蛋白,26为酶切后蛋白,27为换液后蛋白)。
图4:重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P7促增殖作用的图。
图5:重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P11促增殖作用的图。
图6:重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P12促增殖作用的图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明的实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如本文中所用,多肽是指通过肽键连接的多个氨基酸残基。在本文中,多肽包含多个重复单元,该重复单元来自人ⅤII型胶原蛋白。多肽可以包含含有(重复单元)n,该重复单元包含SEQ ID NO.1的氨基酸序列。在本文中,各重复单元可以是直接连接的或者可以间隔一个或多个氨基酸残基。重复单元的数目n可以是4-20,例如5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18或19。多肽的浓度可以大于1mg/ml、大于5mg/ml、大于10mg/ml或大于12mg/ml。
在本文中,本发明的重复单元可以包含或者可以是以下序列:
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP(SEQ ID NO:1);
GLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAP(SEQ ID NO:2);或
GEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDP(SEQ ID NO:3)。
如本文中所用,“核酸”是指通过核苷酸间连接的多个核苷酸。核苷酸间连接可以是例如磷酸二酯键。本文中的核酸可以包含编码本发明的多肽的多核苷酸。为了便于多肽后续处理,本发明的核酸还可以包含编码纯化标签,例如His标签、GST标签、MBP标签、SUMO标签或NusA标签的核苷酸,以及当需要时编码前导序列的核苷酸序列。
如本文中所用,术语“载体”是可将多核苷酸插入其中的一种核酸运载工具。当载体能使插入的多核苷酸编码的蛋白质获得表达时,载体称为表达载体。载体可以通过转化,转导或者转染导入宿主细胞,使其携带的遗传物质元件在宿主细胞中获得表达。载体是本领域技术人员公知的,包括但不限于:质粒;噬菌粒;柯斯质粒;人工染色体,例如酵母人工染色体(YAC)、细菌人工染色体(BAC)或P1来源的人工染色体(PAC);噬菌体如λ噬菌体或M13噬菌体及动物病毒等。载体可以含有多种控制表达的元件,包括但不限于启动子序列、转录起始序列、增强子序列、选择元件及报告基因。另外,载体还可含有复制起始位点。载体可以包含本发明的核酸以便于导入细胞进行表达。载体可以包含与所述核酸可操作连接的表达控制元件,如启动子、终止子和/或增强子。
如本文中所用,术语“宿主细胞”是已经通过分子生物学技术将核酸分子引入的细胞。这些技术包括转染病毒载体,用质粒载体转化,以及通过电穿孔、脂转染、和粒子枪加速引入裸DNA。宿主细胞可以是真核细胞或原核细胞。例如,真核细胞是酵母细胞、动物细胞和/或昆虫细胞。原核细胞可以是大肠杆菌细胞。
在本文中,本发明的多肽的重复单元或多肽可以存在一定的突变。例如,这些部分中的一个或多个的氨基酸序列可以存在氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、添加或插入。也就是说,本发明可以使用重复单元变体,只要变体保留促进细胞黏附和/或增殖的活性。具体而言,变体可以与指定的序列具备一定的百分比同一性,例如80%、85%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%同一性。指定的序列可以是本发明的任何序列,例如SEQID NO.1-6,但是优选的是这些变体保留本发明鉴定的核心序列。
本发明的多肽可以通过任何合适的方式进行制备,例如可以通过合成制备。优选地,本发明的多肽可以通过重组方式制备。
本发明的多肽、核酸、载体和/或宿主细胞可以制备成组合物或试剂盒。组合物或试剂盒可以包含生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养材料、心血管支架材料、涂层材料、组织注射填充材料、眼科材料、妇产科生物材料、神经修复再生材料、肝脏组织材料及血管修复再生材料、3D打印人造器官生物材料、化妆品原料、药用辅料和食品添加剂中的一种或多种。组合物可以是生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养材料、心血管支架材料、涂层材料、组织注射填充材料、眼科材料、妇产科生物材料、神经修复再生材料、肝脏组织材料及血管修复再生材料、3D打印人造器官生物材料、化妆品原料、药用辅料和食品添加剂中的一种或多种。该组合物或试剂盒可以用于在体外促进细胞黏附或增殖或者在体内促进细胞黏附或增殖。
本发明公开了一种重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白的功能区筛选和合成工艺的具体过程,可用作人体结构性材料制备。本发明属于合成生物技术领域。本发明中制备重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白的生物合成方法,具体过程包括:(1)功能区筛选、菌种的构建;(2)生物发酵、诱导和表达;(3)人源化VII型胶原蛋白的纯化及任选的酶切。本发明制备的重组人源化胶原蛋白氨基酸序列源自人天然VII型胶原蛋白的功能区,包含该功能区及类似的功能区、对氨基酸序列分别进行突变和修饰后的蛋白。本发明制备得到的重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白具有高促进细胞黏附的活性或促进细胞增殖的活性,应用于人体不会产生免疫反应,且其制备方法新颖,可大规模获得重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白,在人体结构性材料制备方面得到广泛应用。其应用领域包含高端医疗器械制备,如生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养、组织注射填充、皮肤的修复再生、口腔黏膜的修复再生、子宫颈黏膜修复再生、妇产科生物材料、3D打印人造器官生物材料等;高端化妆品原料及高端药用辅料;食品添加剂等。
实施例
提供以下实施例来阐述本发明。领域技术人员应当理解实施例仅仅是例示性的,而非限制性的。本发明仅仅由所附权利要求书的范围限定。
实施例1:重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白构建及表达
1.进行大规模功能区筛选,得到以下不同的重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白的目的基因片段:
(1)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P7的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:4):
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
(2)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P11的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:5):GLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAP GLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAPGLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAP GLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAP
(3)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P12的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:6):GEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDP
(4)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P7的碱基序列为(SEQ ID NO:7):GGATTTCCCGGGGTCCCGGGAGGCACCGGCCCTAAAGGCGATCGTGGTGAAACCGGCAGCAAGGGCGAGCAGGGTCTGCCGGGCGAGCGCGGTTTGAGAGGCGAACCGGGTTTTCCAGGCGTGCCGGGCGGTACGGGTCCGAAGGGTGACCGTGGCGAAACCGGCAGCAAGGGTGAACAAGGTTTACCGGGTGAACGCGGTCTGCGTGGTGAGCCGGGCTTCCCAGGTGTTCCGGGCGGAACCGGTCCTAAAGGTGATCGTGGCGAAACCGGTTCCAAAGGCGAACAAGGTCTTCCGGGTGAGCGCGGTCTGCGTGGCGAACCGGGTTTCCCGGGCGTGCCGGGAGGCACCGGCCCAAAGGGCGACCGCGGAGAAACCGGCAGCAAAGGCGAGCAGGGCCTGCCGGGTGAACGTGGCCTGCGTGGTGAGCCGGGATTCCCGGGTGTTCCGGGCGGCACCGGTCCGAAAGGTGATCGTGGTGAAACCGGTAGCAAGGGTGAACAGGGTCTGCCGGGCGAGCGCGGCTTGAGAGGTGAGCCTGGTTTTCCGGGGGTGCCCGGCGGTACGGGCCCGAAAGGCGACCGTGGCGAAACCGGTTCTAAGGGTGAGCAGGGTCTGCCGGGTGAGCGTGGTCTGCGCGGTGAGCCGGGTTTCCCGGGCGTTCCGGGTGGCACTGGTCCGAAGGGCGACCGTGGCGAGACTGGCTCGAAAGGTGAACAGGGTTTGCCGGGTGAGCGTGGTCTGCGTGGTGAGCCGGGTTTTCCGGGCGTGCCGGGTGGCACGGGCCCAAAAGGCGATCGTGGTGAGACCGGTTCCAAGGGCGAGCAAGGTCTGCCGGGCGAGCGCGGTCTCCGCGGTGAACCG;
(5)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P11的碱基序列为(SEQ ID NO:8):GGACTAACAGGGCCGACCGGTGCGGTCGGCCTGCCGGGACCACCGGGCCCCAGCGGTCTGGTTGGTCCTCAGGGTTCCCCGGGTCTTCCGGGCCAGGTTGGTGAGACAGGCAAGCCGGGTGCGCCGGGCCGTGACGGTGCCTCTGGTAAAGACGGCGATCGTGGTTCGCCGGGCGTTCCGGGTTCGCCGGGTCTGCCGGGTCCGGTCGGTCCGAAAGGTGAACCGGGGCCCACTGGTGCGCCAGGCTTGACCGGTCCGACCGGTGCGGTTGGCCTCCCGGGCCCACCGGGACCGAGCGGTCTGGTTGGCCCACAAGGTTCCCCGGGCTTACCGGGCCAGGTTGGAGAAACCGGTAAGCCGGGTGCACCGGGGCGCGACGGCGCAAGCGGTAAGGACGGCGACCGCGGTAGCCCGGGCGTGCCGGGTAGCCCGGGCCTGCCGGGCCCGGTGGGCCCCAAGGGTGAGCCGGGACCGACCGGCGCTCCGGGGTTGACCGGTCCAACGGGCGCTGTGGGCCTGCCGGGTCCACCGGGTCCGAGCGGTCTGGTTGGCCCGCAGGGTAGCCCGGGTCTGCCGGGCCAAGTTGGTGAAACCGGTAAACCGGGAGCACCAGGCCGTGATGGTGCCTCCGGTAAGGACGGCGATCGCGGTTCTCCGGGCGTCCCGGGCTCCCCGGGTCTGCCGGGCCCGGTGGGTCCGAAAGGTGAGCCGGGCCCGACGGGCGCGCCGGGCTTGACCGGCCCGACGGGTGCTGTGGGTCTGCCGGGCCCTCCGGGTCCAAGCGGTCTGGTGGGCCCTCAAGGTTCTCCGGGTCTGCCGGGACAGGTGGGCGAAACCGGTAAGCCGGGTGCGCCAGGTCGTGATGGCGCGAGCGGCAAAGATGGTGATCGTGGCAGTCCGGGGGTGCCGGGCAGCCCGGGCTTGCCGGGTCCAGTAGGTCCGAAAGGCGAGCCGGGCCCGACCGGCGCGCCT;
(6)重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P12的碱基序列为(SEQ ID NO:9):GGAGAACCCGGGGCGAAGGGCGACCGCGGTCTGCCGGGTCCGCGTGGTGAAAAAGGTGAGGCGGGCCGCGCAGGCGAACCGGGTGACCCGGGCGAGGATGGTCAGAAAGGCGCGCCAGGTCCGAAAGGTTTTAAAGGCGATCCGGGCGAACCGGGTGCCAAGGGCGATAGAGGTCTGCCGGGTCCGCGTGGCGAAAAGGGTGAAGCGGGTCGTGCGGGTGAACCGGGTGACCCGGGCGAGGACGGTCAGAAGGGCGCGCCAGGTCCGAAAGGCTTCAAAGGTGACCCGGGTGAACCGGGCGCGAAAGGCGACCGTGGTTTACCGGGTCCGCGTGGTGAGAAGGGGGAGGCTGGTCGTGCCGGTGAACCGGGCGACCCAGGCGAGGATGGTCAGAAAGGCGCGCCTGGTCCCAAGGGCTTCAAGGGCGACCCGGGTGAACCGGGTGCCAAAGGGGATCGCGGTTTGCCAGGTCCTCGCGGTGAAAAGGGCGAGGCTGGTCGCGCTGGTGAGCCGGGCGACCCGGGTGAAGATGGTCAAAAAGGCGCTCCGGGTCCGAAGGGTTTTAAAGGTGATCCGGGCGAGCCGGGTGCGAAGGGCGATCGTGGCCTGCCGGGCCCACGTGGTGAGAAAGGCGAGGCCGGTCGTGCAGGCGAACCGGGTGACCCCGGCGAAGATGGCCAAAAGGGTGCGCCTGGCCCGAAGGGATTCAAAGGCGATCCGGGTGAGCCGGGCGCGAAAGGCGACCGCGGCCTGCCGGGTCCGCGTGGTGAGAAGGGCGAGGCAGGCCGTGCAGGTGAACCGGGTGACCCGGGTGAGGATGGTCAAAAAGGTGCTCCGGGTCCGAAGGGCTTTAAGGGCGACCCG。
2.将合成的基因片段插入pET-28a-Trx-His表达载体中得到重组表达质粒。
3.将构建成功的表达质粒转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21(DE3)。具体过程为:(1)在超低温冰箱中取出大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21(DE3)置于冰上,待半融时取2μl待转化的质粒加入大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21(DE3)中,稍微混匀2-3次。(2)将混合物置于冰上冰浴30min,然后于42℃水浴热激45-90s,取出后置于冰上冰浴2min。(3)转移至生物安全柜中,并加入700μl液体LB培养基,然后于37℃、220rpm条件下培养60min。(4)取200μl的菌液均匀涂布在含有硫酸卡那霉素LB平板上。(5)将平板在37℃的培养箱中培养15-17h,待其长出大小均匀的菌落。
4.从转化好的LB平板中挑取5-6个单菌落于含有抗生素(硫酸卡那霉素)储液的摇瓶中,在220rpm,37℃恒温摇床中7h。再将培养后的摇瓶降温至16℃,添加IPTG诱导表达一段时间后,取样进行电泳检测(如图1-3中的“菌液”泳道),将菌液分装于离心瓶中,于8000rpm、4℃离心10min,收集菌体,并记录菌体重量。
5.将收集的菌体用平衡工作液重悬,将菌液降温至≤15℃,进行均质,高压均质两次,完成后收集菌液(如图1-3中的“均质”泳道)。将均质后的菌液分装至离心瓶中,于17000rpm、4℃离心30min,收集上清液,取上清液和沉淀进行电泳检测(如图1-3中的“上清”和“沉淀”泳道)。
6.将重组人源化Ⅶ型胶原蛋白的进行纯化和酶切,具体过程是:(1)粗纯:a.水洗柱材。b.平衡液(200mM氯化钠,25mM Tris,20mM咪唑)平衡柱材。c.上样:将离心后的上清液加入柱材中,直至液体流完后,取流穿进行电泳检验(如图1-3中的“流穿”泳道)。d.清洗杂蛋白:添加洗杂液25mL(200mM氯化钠,25mM Tris,20mM咪唑)至液体流完,并取洗杂流穿进行电泳检验(如图1-3中的“洗杂”泳道)。e.收集目的蛋白:添加20mL洗脱液(200mM氯化钠,25mM Tris,250mM咪唑),并收集流穿液,采用紫外可见分光光度法检测蛋白浓度,按以下公式(C(mg/ml)=A280x稀释倍数x消光系数)计算蛋白浓度,并进行电泳检测(如图1-3中的“洗脱”泳道)。f.用1M咪唑工作液清洗柱材(如图1-3中的“1M洗”泳道)。g.纯化水清洗柱材。(2)酶切(如图1-3中的“切后”泳道):按蛋白总量与TEV酶总量比为20:1,添加TEV酶,16℃酶切2h,获得目的胶原蛋白。取样进行电泳检测。将酶切后的蛋白液放入透析袋,于4℃透析2h,再转移至新的透析液中4℃过夜透析。(3)精纯:a.平衡柱材:使用A液(20mM Tris,20mM氯化钠)将柱材平衡,流速为10ml/min。b.上样:流速为5ml/min,上样并收集流穿,获得重组ⅤII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P7、C7P11和C7P12,并进行电泳检测。图1泳道6显示了重组ⅤII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P7的表观分子量,与预测的分子量27.8kDa大体相符。图2泳道3和4显示了重组ⅤII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P11的表观分子量,与预测的分子量28.5kDa大体相符。图3泳道26显示了重组ⅤII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P12的表观分子量,与预测的分子量27.5大体相符。为了进一步确认分离的C7P7、C7P11和C7P12的身份,发明人在实施例3中重组Ⅶ型人源化胶原蛋白的质谱检测。
实施例2:重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白促细胞增殖活性检测
胶原蛋白促细胞增加活性检测方法可以参考中华人民共和国医药行业标准YYT1849-2022重组胶原蛋白。具体实施方法如下:
(1)该方法的原理是:CCK8试剂中含有WST-8【化学名:2-(2-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-3-(4-硝基苯基)-5-(2,4-二磺酸苯)-2H-四唑单钠盐】,它在电子载体1-甲氧基-5-甲基吩嗪鎓硫酸二甲酯(1-Methoxy PMS)的作用下被细胞中的脱氢酶还原为具有高度水溶性的黄色甲瓒产物(Formazan dye)。生成的甲瓒物的数量与活细胞的数量成正比。因此可利用这一特性直接进行细胞增殖和毒性分析。
(2)实验分组:完全培养基DMEM为阴性对照,8%NaCl为阳性对照,胶原蛋白溶液(8%NaCl中的溶液)为供试品,不含细胞的完全培养液为调零孔。
(3)试样制备:以完全培养基溶解胶原蛋白至使用最高浓度,0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,进行各浓度配置。NaCl以完全培养基溶解终浓度为8%,过滤除菌。
(4)细胞铺板:待NIH 3T3细胞汇合度为90%左右时,胰蛋白酶进行消化计数。按照每孔(5-10)×103个接种细胞于96孔板,边缘孔加100μL PBS封闭。培养24h贴壁。
(5)细胞给药:细胞贴壁后吸弃上清,依次置换相应组别溶液,每组4个复孔,培养48h。
(6)实验检测:弃去培养液,加入100μL(包括5μL CCK8溶液)基础培养基,培养箱孵育1-2h,使用酶联免疫检测仪在450波长下检测。细胞存活率计算公式如下。
细胞存活率={(As-Ab)/(Ac-Ab)}×100%。其中As为重组胶原蛋白测试孔的吸光度,Ab为调零孔的吸光度,Ac为阴性孔的吸光度。
图4显示了重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P7促增殖作用的图。图5显示了重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P11促增殖作用的图。图6显示了重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白C7P12促增殖作用的图。如图4-6所示,与阴性对照组相比,阳性对照组细胞存活率为零,差异具有统计学差异。C7P7在12mg/ml时表现出显著促增殖作用,而C7P11和C7P12对细胞增殖无促进作用。出乎意料地,发明人发现了与C7P11和C7P12相比,C7P7可以促进细胞的增殖,如细胞存活率(Cell viability)增加证明的(见表1)。
表1:细胞存活率
实施例3:重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白的质谱检测
实验方法
蛋白样品经DTT还原和碘代乙酰胺烷基化处理后,加入胰蛋白酶酶解过夜。酶解后得到的肽段再经C18ZipTip脱盐后,与基质α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(CHCA)混合点板。最后用基质辅助激光解析电离-飞行时间质谱仪MALDI-TOF/TOF UlraflextremeTM,Brucker,Germany进行分析(肽指纹图谱的技术可以参考Protein J.2016;35:212-7)。
数据检索是通过从本地masco网站上MS/MS Ion Search页面处理的。蛋白质鉴定结果是根据酶解后所产生的肽段的一级质谱得到的。检测参数:Trypsin酶解,设两个漏切位点。设定半胱氨酸的烷基化为固定修饰。甲硫氨酸的氧化为可变修饰。鉴定所用的数据库为NCBprot。
表2:C7P7质谱检出分子量及对应多肽
GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGL RGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGE PGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEPGFP GVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP GFPGVPGGTGPKGDRGETGSKGEQGLPGERGLRGEP
检出多肽片段与理论序列相比,覆盖率为97.91%,检测结果非常可信。
表3:C7P11质谱检出分子量及对应多肽
GLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGLPGPV
GPKGEPGPTGAPGLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPGSPGL
PGPVGPKGEPGPTGAPGLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSPGVPG
SPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAPGLTGPTGAVGLPGPPGPSGLVGPQGSPGLPGQVGETGKPGAPGRDGASGKDGDRGSP
GVPGSPGLPGPVGPKGEPGPTGAP
检出多肽片段与理论序列相比,覆盖率为100%,检测结果非常可信。
表4:C7P12质谱检出分子量及对应多肽
GEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGE PGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEPGAKGDRGLPGPRGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPG EDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDPGEKGEAGRAGEPGDPGEDGQKGAPGPKGFKGDP
检出多肽片段与理论序列相比,覆盖率为93.75%,检测结果非常可信。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (23)
1.多肽,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO. 4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多肽,所述多肽是重组VII型人源化胶原蛋白。
3.核酸,其包含编码权利要求1或2所述的多肽的核苷酸序列。
4.根据权利要求3所述的核酸,其还包含编码纯化标签的核苷酸序列。
5.根据权利要求4所述的核酸,其中纯化标签是His标签、GST标签、MBP标签、SUMO标签或NusA标签。
6.根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的核酸,其还包含编码前导序列的核苷酸序列。
7.根据权利要求3所述的核酸,其包含SEQ ID NO. 7的核苷酸序列。
8.载体,其包含根据权利要求3-7中任一项所述的核酸。
9.根据权利要求8所述的载体,其包含与所述核酸可操作连接的表达控制元件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的载体,其中所述表达控制元件是启动子、终止子和/或增强子。
11.宿主细胞,其包含根据权利要求3-7中任一项所述的核酸或根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的载体。
12.根据权利要求11所述的宿主细胞,其中宿主细胞是真核细胞或原核细胞。
13.根据权利要求12所述的宿主细胞,其中真核细胞是酵母细胞、动物细胞和/或昆虫细胞,和/或原核细胞是大肠杆菌细胞。
14.根据权利要求13所述的宿主细胞,其中大肠杆菌是大肠杆菌BL21。
15.生产根据权利要求1或2所述的多肽的方法,其包括:
(1) 在合适的培养条件下培养根据权利要求11-14中任一项所述的宿主细胞;
(2) 收获包含多肽的宿主细胞和/或培养基;和
(3) 纯化多肽。
16.组合物,其包含根据权利要求1或2所述的多肽、根据权利要求3-7中任一项所述的核酸、根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的载体和/或根据权利要求11-14中任一项所述的宿主细胞。
17.根据权利要求16所述的组合物,所述组合物是生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养材料、心血管支架材料、涂层材料、组织注射填充材料、眼科材料、妇产科生物材料、神经修复再生材料、肝脏组织材料及血管修复再生材料、3D打印人造器官生物材料、化妆品原料、药用辅料和食品添加剂中的一种或多种。
18.根据权利要求1或2所述的多肽在体外促进细胞黏附或促进细胞增殖的用途或者在制备促进细胞黏附或促进细胞增殖的产品或试剂盒中的用途。
19.根据权利要求1或2所述的多肽在制备高端医疗器械、药用辅料、高端化妆品原料或食品添加剂中的应用。
20.根据权利要求1或2所述的多肽在制备生物敷料、人体仿生材料、整形美容材料、类器官培养材料、心血管支架、涂层、组织注射填充材料、眼科材料、妇产科生物材料、神经修复再生材料、肝脏组织材料及血管修复再生材料、3D打印人造器官生物材料中的应用。
21.在体外促进细胞增殖的方法,其包括将细胞与根据权利要求1或2所述的多肽接触。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述细胞是动物细胞。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述动物细胞是哺乳动物细胞。
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