CN117050418B - Preparation process of polymer material for photovoltaic cable - Google Patents
Preparation process of polymer material for photovoltaic cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN117050418B CN117050418B CN202311255232.7A CN202311255232A CN117050418B CN 117050418 B CN117050418 B CN 117050418B CN 202311255232 A CN202311255232 A CN 202311255232A CN 117050418 B CN117050418 B CN 117050418B
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001912 maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012796 inorganic flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical group [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- IBIRZFNPWYRWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane;phosphoric acid Chemical compound P.OP(O)(O)=O IBIRZFNPWYRWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
- C08K2003/2224—Magnesium hydroxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
- C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/062—HDPE
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
- C08L2312/06—Crosslinking by radiation
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a high polymer material for a photovoltaic cable, which belongs to the technical field of cable material preparation, and comprises the steps of adding high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, attapulgite, an inorganic flame retardant, composite flame retardant powder, a dispersing agent, a silane coupling agent KH560 and an antioxidant 1010 into an internal mixer, mixing for 8-10min at 140-150 ℃, adding trimethylolpropane triacrylate, mixing for 8-10min, transferring into a mould, compression molding at 160 ℃, naturally cooling, and carrying out radiation processing treatment after obtaining a sheet to obtain the high polymer material for the photovoltaic cable; the phosphorus flame retardant is prevented from being influenced excessively in the radiation crosslinking process, and the prepared polymer material for the photovoltaic cable has higher extinguishing speed and better flame retardant effect after leaving flame.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cable material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation process of a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable.
Background
The photovoltaic cable is a cable for connecting various components in the solar photovoltaic system, and comprises a solar panel, an inverter, a battery pack, a controller, grid connection and the like. It plays an important role in solar energy systems, transmitting solar energy from the photovoltaic panels to other components or to the grid. Photovoltaic cables generally include a conductor, an insulating layer, and a jacket in construction. The quality and size of the conductor directly affects the ability of the current to be transferred; the insulating layer is wrapped around the conductor to prevent current leakage or short circuit, and common insulating layer materials comprise crosslinked polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride; the sheath is the outermost layer of the photovoltaic cable and is used for protecting the photovoltaic cable from the external environment, such as ultraviolet rays, moisture, mechanical damage and the like.
In the preparation process of the photovoltaic cable sheath, a plurality of polymer materials are generally required to be mixed so as to balance the performances of the photovoltaic cable sheath, and the mixed photovoltaic cable sheath is also required to be subjected to chemical crosslinking or radiation crosslinking treatment so as to improve the heat resistance, ageing resistance, mechanical strength, chemical stability and the like of the sheath material. The chemical crosslinking is easy to control the crosslinking degree, but the treatment speed is slower, the production efficiency is affected, and the radiation crosslinking can be completed within a few seconds or a few minutes, but the high-energy radiation is involved, so that the organic auxiliary agent added into the sheath material is affected, for example, the decomposition of the phosphorus flame retardant is caused, and the flame retardant effect of the high polymer material is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation process of a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable, which solves the problem that a phosphorus flame retardant is easy to decompose in the radiation crosslinking treatment process.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable comprises the following steps:
step one: adding ethylene glycol, copper acetate monohydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone into a stirring kettle, stirring for 30-60min at 30-35 ℃, then cooling to 0 ℃, and stirring for 6-8h at 200-500r/min to obtain sol solution;
step two: diluting the sol solution with glycol, transferring to an ultrasonic microwave chemical reactor, reacting at 160-165 ℃ and 800W working power at a stirring speed of 1600-1800r/min for 30-40min, centrifuging, and drying to obtain nano copper oxide particles; ultrasonically dispersing nano copper oxide particles with deionized water for 15-20min, centrifuging, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 times, and drying to obtain porous copper-based catalytic powder;
step three: adding graphite powder, sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate, concentrated phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85% and concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 70% into a reaction kettle, stirring for 10-12h at 50-55 ℃ and 200-500r/min, then adding deionized water for dilution, adding hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30% at 20-25 ℃, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, washing with deionized water until the final washing liquid is neutral, and drying to obtain graphene oxide powder;
step four: adding graphene oxide powder, porous copper-based catalytic powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into a stirring kettle, ultrasonically dispersing for 20-30min, adding a phosphorus flame retardant, stirring for 5-10min under the condition of 150-300r/min to obtain a dispersion liquid, and spray-drying the dispersion liquid with nitrogen as a carrier gas at the flow rate of 50-60mL/h and the drying temperature of 180-200 ℃ to obtain composite flame retardant powder;
step five: adding high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, attapulgite, an inorganic flame retardant, composite flame retardant powder, a dispersing agent, a silane coupling agent KH560 and an antioxidant 1010 into an internal mixer, mixing for 8-10min at 140-150 ℃, adding trimethylolpropane triacrylate after uniformly mixing, continuously mixing for 8-10min under the same condition, transferring into a mold, compression molding at 160 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain a sheet; transferring the sheet material into a radiation crosslinking device, and carrying out radiation processing treatment according to the radiation dose of 60-70kGy to obtain the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable.
Further, the dosage ratio of ethylene glycol, copper acetate monohydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 100mL:0.8-1g:0.3-0.35g.
Further, the volume ratio of the sol solution to the ethylene glycol is 1:3-4.
Further, the mass ratio of the nano copper oxide particles to the deionized water is 1:500.
further, the dosage ratio of graphite powder, sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate, concentrated phosphoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, deionized water and hydrogen peroxide solution is 5g:4-5g:10-16g:35-40mL:315-360mL:250-300mL:35-40mL.
Further, the dosage ratio of the graphene oxide powder to the porous copper-based catalytic powder to the anhydrous ethanol to the phosphorus flame retardant is 6-6.5g:2-2.2g:100mL:0.5-0.8g.
Further, the phosphorus flame retardant is triphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate.
Further, the mass ratio of the high-density polyethylene, the linear low-density polyethylene, the maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, the attapulgite, the inorganic flame retardant, the composite flame retardant powder, the dispersing agent, the silane coupling agent KH560, the antioxidant 1010 and the trimethylolpropane triacrylate is 55-75:30-45:15-20:15-20:8-12:10-15:8-12:2-4:1.5-3:2.5-4.5.
Further, the inorganic flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide.
Further, the dispersant is zinc stearate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation process disclosed by the invention protects the added phosphorus flame retardant, avoids the excessive influence of the phosphorus flame retardant in the radiation crosslinking process, and the prepared polymer material for the photovoltaic cable has a faster extinguishing speed and a better flame retardant effect after leaving the flame.
According to the preparation method, copper acetate monohydrate is used as a raw material, nano copper oxide particles are prepared through treatment of an ultrasonic microwave chemical reactor, then the nano copper oxide particles are subjected to ultrasonic hydrolysis to self-assemble, porous copper-based catalytic powder is prepared, phosphate phosphorus flame retardant is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and then uniformly dispersed with the porous copper-based catalytic powder and graphene oxide powder, and after spray drying, the porous copper-based catalytic powder can be loaded with the phosphorus flame retardant and is coated by the graphene oxide powder; the graphene oxide powder can block high-energy radiation and prevent the phosphate phosphorus flame retardant from being decomposed, and the porous copper-based catalytic powder is favorable for catalytic promotion of the decomposition of the phosphate phosphorus flame retardant, so that the flame retardant efficiency is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation process of a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable, which comprises the following implementation steps:
step one: 10000L of ethylene glycol, 80kg of copper acetate monohydrate and 30kg of polyvinylpyrrolidone are added into a stirring kettle, stirred for 30min at 30 ℃, then cooled to 0 ℃ and stirred for 6h at 200r/min to obtain sol solution; diluting 1000L sol solution with 3000L glycol, transferring into an ultrasonic microwave chemical reactor, reacting at 160deg.C under 800W working power and 16000r/min stirring speed for 30min, centrifuging, and drying to obtain nanometer copper oxide particles; 2kg of nano copper oxide particles are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion by 1000L of deionized water for 15min, then are centrifuged, are washed by absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and are dried to obtain porous copper-based catalytic powder.
Step two: adding 5kg of graphite powder, 4kg of sodium nitrate, 10kg of potassium permanganate, 35L of concentrated phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85% and 315L of concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 70% into a reaction kettle, stirring for 10 hours at 50 ℃ and 200r/min, then adding 250L of deionized water for dilution, adding 35L of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30% at 20 ℃, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, washing with deionized water until the final washing liquid is neutral, and drying to obtain graphene oxide powder.
Step three: adding 3kg of graphene oxide powder, 1kg of porous copper-based catalytic powder and 50L of absolute ethyl alcohol into a stirring kettle, ultrasonically dispersing for 20min, adding 0.25kg of tricresyl phosphate, stirring for 5min under the condition of 150r/min to obtain a dispersion liquid, and spray-drying the dispersion liquid by taking nitrogen as a carrier gas at the flow rate of 50mL/h and the drying temperature of 180 ℃ to obtain the composite flame retardant powder.
Step four: adding 5.5kg of high-density polyethylene, 3kg of linear low-density polyethylene, 1.5kg of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 1.5kg of attapulgite, 0.8kg of aluminum hydroxide, 1kg of composite flame-retardant powder, 0.8kg of zinc stearate, 0.2kg of silane coupling agent KH560 and 0.15kg of antioxidant 1010 into an internal mixer, mixing for 8min at 140 ℃, adding 0.25kg of trimethylolpropane triacrylate after uniformly mixing, continuously mixing for 8min under the same condition, transferring into a mold, compression molding at 160 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain a sheet; transferring the sheet material into a radiation crosslinking device, and carrying out radiation processing treatment according to the radiation dose of 60kGy to obtain the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation process of a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable, which comprises the following implementation steps:
step one: 10000L of ethylene glycol, 90kg of copper acetate monohydrate and 32.5kg of polyvinylpyrrolidone are added into a stirring kettle, stirred for 45min at the temperature of 32 ℃, then cooled to 0 ℃ and stirred for 7h at the temperature of 350r/min to obtain sol solution; diluting 1000L sol solution with 3500L glycol, transferring to an ultrasonic microwave chemical reactor, reacting at 162 ℃ under 800W working power and 1700r/min stirring speed for 35min, centrifuging, and drying to obtain nanometer copper oxide particles; 2kg of nano copper oxide particles are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion by 1000L of deionized water for 18min, then are centrifuged, are washed by absolute ethyl alcohol for 4 times, and are dried to obtain porous copper-based catalytic powder.
Step two: adding 5kg of graphite powder, 4.5kg of sodium nitrate, 13kg of potassium permanganate, 38L of concentrated phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85% and 335L of concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 70% into a reaction kettle, stirring for 11h at 52 ℃ and 350r/min, then adding 280L of deionized water for dilution, adding 38L of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30% at 22 ℃, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, washing with deionized water until the final washing liquid is neutral, and drying to obtain graphene oxide powder.
Step three: adding 3.15kg of graphene oxide powder, 1.05kg of porous copper-based catalytic powder and 50L of absolute ethyl alcohol into a stirring kettle, adding 0.33kg of triphenyl phosphate after ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, stirring for 8min under the condition of 220r/min to obtain a dispersion liquid, and spray-drying the dispersion liquid by taking nitrogen as a carrier gas at the flow rate of 55mL/h and the drying temperature of 190 ℃ to obtain the composite flame retardant powder.
Step four: adding 6.5kg of high-density polyethylene, 4kg of linear low-density polyethylene, 1.8kg of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 1.8kg of attapulgite, 1kg of magnesium hydroxide, 1.25kg of composite flame-retardant powder, 1kg of zinc stearate, 0.3kg of silane coupling agent KH560 and 0.23kg of antioxidant 1010 into an internal mixer, mixing for 9min at 145 ℃, adding 0.35kg of trimethylolpropane triacrylate after uniformly mixing, continuously mixing for 9min under the same condition, transferring into a mold, compression molding at 160 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain a sheet; transferring the sheet material into a radiation crosslinking device, and carrying out radiation processing treatment according to the radiation dose of 65kGy to obtain the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation process of a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable, which comprises the following implementation steps:
step one: 10000L of ethylene glycol, 100kg of copper acetate monohydrate and 35kg of polyvinylpyrrolidone are added into a stirring kettle, stirred for 60min at 35 ℃, then cooled to 0 ℃ and stirred for 8h at 500r/min to obtain sol solution; diluting 1000L sol solution with 4000L glycol, transferring to an ultrasonic microwave chemical reactor, reacting at 165 ℃ under 800W working power and 1800r/min stirring speed for 40min, centrifuging, and drying to obtain nano copper oxide particles; and (3) carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on 2kg of nano copper oxide particles by using 1000L of deionized water for 20min, centrifuging, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for 5 times, and drying to obtain the porous copper-based catalytic powder.
Step two: adding 5kg of graphite powder, 5kg of sodium nitrate, 16kg of potassium permanganate, 40L of concentrated phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85% and 360L of concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 70% into a reaction kettle, stirring for 12 hours at 55 ℃ and 500r/min, then adding 300L of deionized water for dilution, adding 40L of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30% at 25 ℃, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, washing with deionized water until the final washing liquid is neutral, and drying to obtain graphene oxide powder.
Step three: adding 3.25kg of graphene oxide powder, 1.1kg of porous copper-based catalytic powder and 50L of absolute ethyl alcohol into a stirring kettle, adding 0.4kg of triphenyl phosphate after ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, stirring for 10min under the condition of 300r/min to obtain a dispersion liquid, and spray-drying the dispersion liquid by taking nitrogen as a carrier gas at the flow rate of 60mL/h and the drying temperature of 200 ℃ to obtain the composite flame retardant powder.
Step four: adding 7.5kg of high-density polyethylene, 4.5kg of linear low-density polyethylene, 2kg of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 2kg of attapulgite, 1.2kg of magnesium hydroxide, 1.5kg of composite flame-retardant powder, 1.2kg of zinc stearate, 0.4kg of silane coupling agent KH560 and 0.3kg of antioxidant 1010 into an internal mixer, mixing for 10min at 150 ℃, adding 0.45kg of trimethylolpropane triacrylate after uniformly mixing, continuously mixing for 10min under the same condition, transferring into a mold, compression molding at 160 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain a sheet; transferring the sheet material into a radiation crosslinking device, and carrying out radiation processing treatment according to the radiation dose of 70kGy to obtain the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable.
Comparative example 1: on the basis of the embodiment 3, the step three is carried out without adding porous copper-based catalytic powder to prepare composite flame-retardant powder, and the rest steps are kept unchanged to prepare the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable.
Comparative example 2: on the basis of the embodiment 3, the graphene oxide powder is not added in the step three to prepare the composite flame-retardant powder, and the rest steps are kept unchanged to prepare the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable.
Comparative example 3: based on the example 3, the mass ratio of the phosphorus flame retardant in the third step is replaced by 0.13kg of triphenyl phosphate, and the rest steps are kept unchanged, so as to prepare the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable.
The performance test was performed on the polymer materials for photovoltaic cables in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, samples were prepared according to the corresponding test standards, the tensile strength and elongation at break of different polymer materials were tested according to GB/T1040.1 to 2018, the flame retardancy of different polymer materials was tested according to GB/T18380-2022, and the time for self-extinguishing of the samples after removal of the flame was recorded, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Project | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Tensile Strength/MPa | 38.2 | 39.3 | 40.1 | 39.8 | 38.7 | 36.2 |
| Elongation at break/% | 271 | 278 | 285 | 282 | 275 | 265 |
| Flame retardancy/UL 94 | V0 | V0 | V0 | V0 | V0 | V1 |
| Self-extinguishing time/s | 2 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 13 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the samples of examples 1-3 have shorter self-extinguishing time and higher flame retardant efficiency.
It should be noted that in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation process of the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: adding graphene oxide powder, porous copper-based catalytic powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into a stirring kettle, ultrasonically dispersing for 20-30min, adding a phosphorus flame retardant, stirring for 5-10min at 150-300r/min to obtain a dispersion liquid, and spray drying at a flow rate of 50-60mL/h and a drying temperature of 180-200 ℃ by taking nitrogen as a carrier gas to obtain composite flame retardant powder;
step two: adding high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, attapulgite, an inorganic flame retardant, composite flame retardant powder, a dispersing agent, a silane coupling agent KH560 and an antioxidant 1010 into an internal mixer, mixing for 8-10min at 140-150 ℃, adding trimethylolpropane triacrylate, mixing for 8-10min, transferring into a mold, compression molding at 160 ℃, naturally cooling, transferring into radiation crosslinking equipment after obtaining a sheet, and carrying out radiation processing treatment according to the radiation dosage of 60-70kGy to obtain a polymer material for the photovoltaic cable;
the porous copper-based catalytic powder is prepared by the following steps:
mixing ethylene glycol, copper acetate monohydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, stirring at 30-35 ℃ for 30-60min, cooling to 0 ℃, and stirring at 200-500r/min for 6-8h to obtain sol solution; the sol solution and glycol are mixed according to the following ratio of 1:3-4, transferring the mixture to an ultrasonic microwave chemical reactor after mixing and diluting, reacting for 30-40min at 160-165 ℃ under 1600-1800r/min and 800W working power, centrifuging, and drying to obtain nano copper oxide particles; and (3) ultrasonically dispersing the nano copper oxide particles with 500 times of deionized water for 15-20min, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain porous copper-based catalytic powder.
2. The process for preparing a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the graphene oxide powder, the porous copper-based catalytic powder, the anhydrous ethanol and the phosphorus flame retardant are used in an amount ratio of 6-6.5g:2-2.2g:100mL:0.5-0.8g.
3. The process for preparing a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorus flame retardant in the first step is triphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate.
4. The preparation process of the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the mass ratio of the high-density polyethylene, the linear low-density polyethylene, the maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, the attapulgite, the inorganic flame retardant, the composite flame retardant powder, the dispersing agent, the silane coupling agent KH560, the antioxidant 1010 and the trimethylolpropane triacrylate is 55-75:30-45:15-20:15-20:8-12:10-15:8-12:2-4:1.5-3:2.5-4.5.
5. The process for preparing the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, wherein the dosage ratio of the ethylene glycol, the copper acetate monohydrate and the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 100mL:0.8-1g:0.3-0.35g.
6. The process for preparing a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide powder is prepared by the steps of:
adding graphite powder, sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate, 85wt% of concentrated phosphoric acid and 70wt% of concentrated sulfuric acid into a reaction kettle, stirring for 10-12h at 50-55 ℃ and 200-500r/min, adding deionized water for dilution, adding 30wt% of hydrogen peroxide solution at 20-25 ℃, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, washing with deionized water until the final washing liquid is neutral, and drying to obtain graphene oxide powder.
7. The preparation process of the polymer material for the photovoltaic cable, according to claim 6, is characterized in that the dosage ratio of the graphite powder, sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate, concentrated phosphoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, deionized water and hydrogen peroxide solution is 5g:4-5g:10-16g:35-40mL:315-360mL:250-300mL:35-40mL.
8. The process for preparing a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide.
9. The process for preparing a polymer material for a photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, wherein the dispersing agent is zinc stearate.
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| CN104231600A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 无为县华祥电缆材料有限公司 | Weatherproof and wear-resisting cable sheath material |
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| CN115011014A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-09-06 | 上海范邦实业发展有限公司 | Polyethylene cable material and preparation method thereof |
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| KR101561639B1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-20 | 전자부품연구원 | Cables having a coating layer of graphene |
| CN104231600A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 无为县华祥电缆材料有限公司 | Weatherproof and wear-resisting cable sheath material |
| CN109233061A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-18 | 薛向东 | A kind of fire-retardant polyethylene cable material |
| CN111892078A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-11-06 | 江苏理工学院 | Method for preparing nano copper oxide by microwave hydrothermal method and application of nano copper oxide |
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