CN117017845A - 绣球菌浓缩液的应用,抗衰老美白组合物及化妆品 - Google Patents
绣球菌浓缩液的应用,抗衰老美白组合物及化妆品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了绣球菌浓缩液在制备化妆品或美容食品中的应用,抗衰老美白组合物及化妆品,其中,所述抗衰老美白组合物包括绣球菌浓缩液、盐生杜氏藻提取物、魁蒿叶提取物和睡茄根提取物。本发明的抗衰老美白组合物,具有抑制黑色素合成、保护氧化损伤成纤维细胞和提高成纤维细胞合成胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白的作用,可应用于制备美容食品或化妆品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化妆品技术领域,尤其涉及绣球菌浓缩液的应用,抗衰老美白组合物及化妆品。
背景技术
随着全球人口老龄化和人们预期平均寿命的增加,衰老引发的健康问题成为全社会共同面临的挑战。从生物学角度来看,衰老是生物体内渐进性、结构和功能退行性的生理过程。皮肤作为分隔机体与外界环境的屏障,受内源性(基因组成与表达活性)和外源性(环境、营养和生活方式)致衰因素的双重影响,随着年龄的增长呈现出肉眼可见的皱纹、松弛、色素沉着、干燥等肌肤衰老特征。皮肤生理功能下降和皮肤病易感性增加如瘙痒、溃疡、真菌感染等已成为全球老年人皮肤常见问题。皮肤黑色素是皮肤表皮层黑色素细胞合成的一种色素,可以保护皮肤基底细胞免受紫外辐射、氧化应激压力等带来的不利影响,但黑色素过量产生会导致如雀斑、老年斑、色素沉着等皮肤美观问题。皮肤成纤维细胞通过产生胞外基质成分(如胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白、透明质酸等)、分泌周围细胞信号因子等作用参与维持皮肤组织稳态,已成为体外抗皮肤衰老研究的常用模型。随着人们对天然健康产品追捧,从天然食材中寻找具有延缓皮肤衰老作用的成分成为国内外学者研究的热点之一。
目前,最具代表性的抗衰老用功能性原料有类视黄醇(Retinoids)、维生素C等,这类化合物可以减少皮肤皱纹,增强皮肤的弹性。在类视黄醇中,视黄酸(Retinoic acid)可用作强效抗衰老用治疗剂,但是其对皮肤具有强烈的刺激性,因此只能限制性地用作治疗剂;相对刺激性比较小的视黄醇、视黄醇棕榈酸酯等广泛用作化妆品材料,然而,视黄醇和视黄醇棕榈酸酯在光照射时会发生变性,对皮肤产生刺激,且其稳定性差。维生素C也是被广泛使用的改善皱纹的治疗剂,但是其稳定性差,且易诱发强酸性,导致对皮肤产生刺激。
因此,迫切需要开发一种对生物体安全且高效的新型抗衰老美白用化妆品组合物。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种抗衰老美白组合物,该抗衰老美白组合物具有抑制黑色素合成、保护氧化损伤成纤维细胞和提高成纤维细胞合成胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白的作用,可应用于制备美容食品或化妆品。
第一方面,本发明提供了绣球菌浓缩液在制备化妆品或美容食品中的应用。
绣球菌是一种大型珍稀食用菌,子实体外形似绣球颜色白色或淡黄色,肉质脆嫩、滋味鲜美。在生物学分类上,绣球菌隶属绣球菌科(Sparassisidaceae)绣球菌属(Sparassis)。绣球菌营养丰富,含有大量的蛋白质和丰富的氨基酸、多种维生素和矿物质等营养成分。此外,子实体中还富含高比例的β-1,3-葡聚糖,日本食品分析化验所用酶法测得绣球菌子实体中β-1,3-葡聚糖含量达43.5g/100g干重。采用酶法分别测得绣球菌柄部和瓣片部位的β-葡聚糖含量均超40%,极显著高于猴头菇、香菇、蛹虫草。另外,绣球菌中还含有多酚类、黄酮类、萜类、生物碱、邻苯二甲酸酯、葡萄糖基神经酰胺等成分。绣球菌β-1,3-葡聚糖可促进人皮肤成纤维细胞合成I型胶原蛋白,而绣球菌中的多酚、黄酮类、萜类也是公认的抗氧化成分。
绣球菌浓缩液(concentratedSparassis crispa extract,SCE)是采用绣球菌子实体粉碎结合微压搅拌萃取的提取方式,开发的一种绣球菌的深加工标准化原料,其中富含高浓度的β-1,3-葡聚糖,且含有多酚、黄酮类、萜类等多种活性成分,能够有效抑制酪氨酸酶活性,减少黑色素的合成,清除自由基、降低氧化损伤,因此具有延缓衰老、美化肌肤等多种效用。申请人发现,绣球菌浓缩液在抑制黑色素的合成、清除自由基、促进成纤维细胞合成胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白的能力上显著高于酵母β-葡聚糖,特别地,绣球菌浓缩液可以促进成纤维细胞合成III型胶原蛋白,而酵母β-葡聚糖无此作用,这可能与绣球菌浓缩液中除β-1,3-葡聚糖之外的其他成分有关,因此本发明将绣球菌浓缩液用于化妆品或美容功能性食品中,可以起到良好的抗衰老、美白的效果。进一步地,本发明所述的绣球菌浓缩液为绣球菌的深加工标准化原料,并取得了食品原料标准备案(广东省食品安全企业标准Q/WQYS0083S—2022《绣球菌浓缩液》,备案号:44020005S-2023)。优选地,所采用的绣球菌浓缩液中可溶性固形物的质量百分含量为16.0%~18.0%;β-1,3-葡聚糖的质量百分含量≥3.0%,折算成干基计β-1,3-葡聚糖的质量百分含量≥16.7%。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种抗衰老美白组合物,包括绣球菌浓缩液、盐生杜氏藻提取物、魁蒿叶提取物和睡茄根提取物。
盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)是一种嗜盐的绿色微藻,属绿藻纲团藻目,可以在含盐量高达30%的盐湖水中生存。在这种高盐度、高渗透压的极端生活环境下,盐生杜氏藻能通过光合作用获得大量的能量,其中富含高含量的β-胡萝卜素、十八种氨基酸、多糖、以及甘油等脂质成分。盐生杜氏藻中的β-胡萝卜素具有抑制自由基产生的抗氧化作用,能有效降低血清中胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白的水平,抑制动脉壁丙二醛的生成,预防心血管疾病和防止衰老。除此之外,盐生杜氏藻的主要活性成分还有双氢茄红素、四氢茄红素、六氢茄红素等萜烯类物质,这类物质有很好的抗氧化能力,能够清除过多的自由基,降低细胞的氧化损伤。
魁蒿(Artemisiaprinceps)是菊科蒿属多年生草本,分布于中国北部、东部、西南部和西部各省区;多生于低海拔或中海拔地区的路旁、山坡、灌丛、林缘及沟边。魁蒿叶提取物中含有丰富的黄酮类楔叶泽兰素(Eupafolin),对角质层细胞有增殖作用,可增强皮肤细胞新陈代谢,有活肤和抗衰作用;同时可用作抗氧化剂、皮肤美白剂和抗炎剂。睡茄(Withania somnifera)是茄科睡茄属植物,生于海拔750-1000米的山坡,原产于中国。睡茄可药用,其根系的提取物中含有丰富的生物活性甾体内酯—醉茄素A,此外还具有醉茄素B、二氢醉茄素A、4-甲基醉茄素A等活性成分。醉茄素A的药理作用与免疫功能的调节相关,可以抑制NF-kB的活性,并且抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化作用。
绣球菌浓缩液、盐生杜氏藻提取物、魁蒿叶提取物和睡茄根提取物这几种物质分别具备不同的活性成分,其中绣球菌浓缩液因其含有高浓度的β-1,3-葡聚糖而具备抑制黑色素形成、抗氧化和美白的功效;而盐生杜氏藻提取物中含有高浓度的β-胡萝卜素,因而有很好的抗氧化能力,能够清除过多的自由基,降低细胞的氧化损伤;魁蒿叶提取物中含有的黄酮类楔叶泽兰素,具有抗炎、抗氧化的功效,并且可以通过下调Akt和ERK/P38信号通路来抑制B16F10黑素瘤细胞和B16F1黑素瘤细胞中黑色素的合成,因此也具备美白、抗衰的功效;睡茄根提取物中含有的醉茄素A、醉茄素B同样具有抗炎、抗氧化的功效,并且也可以降低内皮素(EDN-1)诱导的人黑素细胞中酪氨酸酶(TYR)的表达,也对干细胞因子(SCF)诱导的人表皮替代物(HEEs)的色素沉着有消除作用;除此之外,醉茄素A还能阻断SCF或EDN-1诱导的细胞内信号级联反应,对SCF或EDN-1诱导的人表皮替代物的细胞色素沉着具有消除作用。
本发明中,发明人将上述几种天然植物的提取物作为原料,通过混合复配得到了一种抗衰老美白组合物,由于各原料均源自天然,因此安全性高,不会对皮肤产生刺激,且其中的活性成分易被皮肤吸收。特别地,将绣球菌浓缩液、盐生杜氏藻提取物、魁蒿叶提取物和睡茄根提取物这几种物质复配得到抗衰老美白组合物,能够充分利用不同活性成分的功效,起到协同增效的作用。具体的,绣球菌浓缩液、魁蒿叶提取物和睡茄根提取物能通过不同的信号通路来抑制酪氨酸酶的活性,进而共同起到了抑制黑色素合成的功效,从而提高了祛斑、美白的效果;其次,上述各提取物中含有的活性成分均能起到去除自由基的作用,因此能够更好的起到抗氧化、缓解皮肤衰老、提亮肤色的作用;接着,绣球菌浓缩液还可以起到提高成纤维细胞合成胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白的作用,促进皮肤的新陈代谢和修复能力,提高皮肤的弹性和抗衰老性能;再次,盐生杜氏藻提取物中含有丰富的甘油等油脂成分,这些油脂物质扩散进入皮肤,有效地补充皮肤脂质,因而使水分容易扩散进到皮肤的深层,从而提高补水的效果。此外,绣球菌浓缩液和盐生杜氏藻提取物中还含有丰富的黄酮类、维生素类、氨基酸、多糖等营养成分,具有良好的舒缓、修复效果,能够进一步促进皮肤的美白修复,减少皮肤细纹和皱纹的产生,提高抗衰老的效果。进一步地,所述抗衰老美白组合物中包括:6~15重量份绣球菌浓缩液、1~5重量份盐生杜氏藻提取物、1~5重量份魁蒿叶提取物、0.1~1重量份的睡茄根提取物。例如,所述抗衰老美白组合物中可包括6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、11份、12份、13份、14份、15份绣球菌浓缩液,1份、2份、3份、4份或5份盐生杜氏藻提取物,1份、2份、3份、4份或5份魁蒿叶提取物,以及0.1份、0.2份、0.3份、0.4份、0.5份、0.6份、0.7份、0.8份、0.9份、1.0份睡茄根提取物。进一步地,所述抗衰老美白组合物中包括:8~10重量份绣球菌浓缩液、1~3重量份盐生杜氏藻提取物、1~3重量份魁蒿叶提取物、0.1~0.5重量份的睡茄根提取物。
进一步地,所述抗衰老美白组合物中还包括3~8重量份的芦荟提取物,例如可以为3份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份等。
芦荟提取物中富含芦荟胶,是天然防晒成分,能有效抑制日光中的紫外线,防止色素沉着,保持皮肤白皙;另外,其中含有丰富的胶原蛋白以及弹性蛋白,具有表层滋润和真皮层补水双重功效,能够更好地锁住皮肤水分,可保持肌肤深层保湿、滋润,促进肌肤水分代谢循环,在润肤的同时可以有效提升皮肤弹性,这赋予了它一定的改善皮肤粗糙度和抗衰老的效果;芦荟提取物中还含有多种消除超氧化物自由基的成分,如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶,能使皮肤细嫩、有弹性,具有防腐和延缓衰老等作用;最后,芦荟提取物中还含有多糖类、蒽醌类化合物、蛋白质、维生素、矿物质等多种营养成分,能够起到滋养软化皮肤、解除硬化、角化、改善伤痕等作用。因此,将芦荟提取物加入到抗衰老美白组合物中,能够更好地锁住皮肤水分,促进活性成分被皮肤吸收,可以达到高效保湿和减轻面部纹路、去黄美白的效果。
需要指出的是,上述盐生杜氏藻提取物、魁蒿叶提取物、睡茄根提取物和芦荟提取物既可以通过购买获得,也可以通过制备得到。在一些实施方式中,可以在常压或减压的条件下,以水作为提取液,在加热的条件下进行蒸馏提取。
第三方面,本发明提供了一种抗衰老美白化妆品,所述抗衰老美白化妆品以前述的抗衰老美白组合物为活性成分,并包括化妆品可接受的基质。
在一些实施方式中,以所述抗衰老美白化妆品的质量百分比计,所述抗衰老美白组合物的添加量为1%~50%,例如可以为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、8%、10%、12%、15%、18%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%中的任意值或其中任意两值组成的范围。所述化妆品可接受的基质的添加量为50%~99%,例如可以为50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、99%中的任意值或其中任意两值组成的范围。然而,由于上述比例根据本发明化妆品的配方及其具体应用部位(面部或手部)或所需的适用量而有所不同,因此上述比例不能被理解为从任何方面限制本发明的范围。
本发明的抗衰老美白化妆品可以制备成各种形式。例如,本发明的化妆品可以制备成本领域常规制备的任何剂型,包括但不限于溶液、悬浮液、软膏、凝胶、面霜、乳液、散粉、洗面奶、精油、粉底、乳液粉底、蜡质粉底、喷雾等。此外,具体来说,它可以选自化妆水、润肤露、柔肤水、爽肤水、收敛剂、护肤液、乳液、保湿乳液、滋养乳液、按摩霜、滋养霜、保湿霜、护手霜、精华液、面膜、香皂、洗发水、洁面泡沫、洁面乳、洁面霜、身体乳液、沐浴露、乳液、口红、隔离霜、粉底液、粉饼和散粉的群组中各种类型,但不限于此。除了其活性成分外,本发明的化妆品可以包含化妆品中可接受的基质。该基质包括但不限于溶剂、助溶剂、油脂、保湿剂、增稠剂、pH调节剂、乳化剂、防腐剂、香精等中的一种或多种。可用作基质的成分是本领域已知的,本领域的技术人员可以选择和使用适当的材料/组合物。
进一步地,溶剂可以为去离子水、乙醇;乳化剂可以包括甘油硬脂酸酯、羊毛醇、山梨坦油酸酯、聚山梨醇酯、鲸蜡硬脂基葡糖苷中的一种或多种;增稠剂可以包括羟乙基纤维素、丙烯酰二甲基牛磺酸铵/山嵛醇聚醚-25甲基丙烯酸酯交联聚合物、黄原胶中的一种或多种;所述保湿剂可以包括甘油、1,3-丁二醇、透明质酸钠、聚甘油-10和1,2-己二醇、角鲨烷和神经酰胺中的一种或多种;防腐剂可以包括羟苯甲酯、羟苯丙酯、苯氧乙醇、甲基异噻唑啉酮、DMDM乙内酰脲中的至少一种;油脂可以包括辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、C10-18脂酸甘油三酯类、毛瑞榈果油、杏仁油、霍霍巴籽油中的一种或多种。在一种实施方式中,所述化妆品中的基质包括溶剂、油脂、保湿剂、增稠剂、乳化剂、防腐剂和香精。以美白乳液为例,其可以包括:抗衰老美白组合物10~20份、油脂5~10份、乳化剂1~6份、增稠剂0.1~1份、保湿剂5~20份、防腐剂0.1~0.3份、香精0.01~0.05份、去离子水余量。
通过本发明中的上述实施例中的一个实施例或多个实施例,至少可以实现如下技术效果:
1.本发明提供的绣球菌浓缩液,具有抑制黑色素合成、保护氧化损伤成纤维细胞和提高成纤维细胞合成胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白的作用,可应用于制备美容食品或化妆品。
2.本发明提供的抗衰老美白组合物,通过将绣球菌浓缩液、盐生杜氏藻提取物、魁蒿叶提取物和睡茄根提取物复配形成组合物,产生了显著的协同增效作用,可以有效地抗氧化、抗衰祛皱,祛斑美白,增强皮肤弹性,并且各组分天然安全、无刺激性。
附图说明
图1为SCE和酵母β-葡聚糖的酪氨酸酶抑制率;
图2为SCE和酵母β-葡聚糖对黑色素瘤B16细胞增殖的影响;
图3为SCE和酵母β-葡聚糖对黑色素细胞B16合成黑色素的抑制作用;
图4为SCE和酵母β-葡聚糖的DPPH自由基清除率;
图5为SCE和酵母β-葡聚糖对H2O2处理成人纤维细胞损伤的保护作用;
图6为SCE和酵母β-葡聚糖对H2O2处理成纤维细胞内ROS水平的影响;其中A为空白组成纤维细胞荧光照片;B为模型组成纤维细胞荧光照片;C为酵母β-葡聚糖处理后成纤维细胞荧光照片;D为SCE处理后成纤维细胞荧光照片;显微镜的放大倍数为200倍;
图7为各处理组中成纤维细胞内ROS水平,柱子上不同字母代表P<0.05;
图8为SCE和酵母β-葡聚糖对成纤维细胞氧化损伤模型的III型胶原蛋白(A)和弹性蛋白(B)的合成影响;
上述各附图中,柱状图上的不同字母代表P<0.05;与模型对照比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;或#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下各实施例和对比例中,材料和试剂的来源如下:
人真皮成纤维细胞(normal human dermal fibroblasts,NHDF)由上海东方美谷功能护肤品研究院提供;小鼠B-16F10黑色素瘤细胞购自中国科学院细胞库;绣球菌浓缩液(简称SCE,批号20221027,可溶性固形物16.5%,β-1,3-葡聚糖含量3.6%,m/m,折算成干基计β-1,3-葡聚糖含量为21.8%,m/m;蛋白质含量为3.1%,粗纤维含量为4.7%,脂肪含量为1.2%,其余为低分子糖类、多酚、无机盐等)自制。
水溶性酵母β-葡聚糖(β-1,3-葡聚糖≥70%,m/m)(食品级,安琪酵母股份有限公司);1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)、蘑菇酪氨酸酶(1000U/mg)、L-酪氨酸、α-促黑色素激素(α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone,α-MSH)(分析纯,美国Sigma公司);曲酸、熊果苷、乳铁蛋白(分析纯,上海麦克林有限公司);Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium(DMEM)培养基、胎牛血清、胰酶(trypsin,0.25%)-乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetra-aceticacid,EDTA)、磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer solution,PBS)(分析纯,美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司);Cell counting kit 8(CCK-8)、放射免疫沉淀分析(radioimmunoprecipitation assay,RIPA)裂解液、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)检测试剂盒(DCFH-DA荧光探针法)(碧云天生物技术研究所);人III型胶原(collagen III,COL3)酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)试剂盒、人弹性蛋白(elastin,ELN)ELISA检测试剂盒(武汉云克隆股份有限公司)。
以下各实施例和对比例中,使用的仪器与设备如下:MCO-15AC CO2培养箱(日本三洋电机有限公司);SW-CJ-2F超净工作台(苏州净化设备有限公司);H2050R高速离心机(湘仪离心机仪器有限公司);Spectra MAX190酶标仪(美国Molecular Devices公司);IX73-DP80倒置荧光显微镜(日本奥林巴斯);FA2204C精密电子天平(0.0001g,上海精科天美科学仪器有限公司);752N紫外可见光分光光度计(上海精科科学仪器有限公司)。
实施例及对比例
实施例1~5、对比例1~3提供的抗衰老美白乳液的配方如表1所示(总量为100份):
表1
上述抗衰老美白乳液可通过以下的步骤制备,具体步骤为:
S1、将油脂和乳化剂加入油相锅中,升温至80℃,搅拌使油脂和乳化剂溶解均匀,恒温20min;
S2、将增稠剂、保湿剂、部分去离子水加入乳化锅中,升温至80℃,搅拌溶解均匀,恒温20min;
S3、将油相锅内的物料加入到乳化锅内,均质乳化10min,保温20min后,自然冷却降温;
S4、当温度降低至室温时,将绣球菌浓缩液、盐生杜氏藻提取物、魁蒿叶提取物、睡茄根提取物和芦荟提取物用剩余部分的去离子水溶解后,加入乳化锅中,并将其余原料一起加入乳化锅内,均质5min后再搅拌10min,出料,得抗衰老美白乳液样品。
性能测试
1.酪氨酸酶活性抑制试验
将绣球菌浓缩液样品(SCE)用PBS溶解后稀释至所需浓度,向96孔板中加入40μL浓度为5mmol/L L-酪氨酸,再加入40μL阳性对照(曲酸)或不同浓度的绣球菌浓缩液样品、80μL PBS混匀,37℃孵育10min后,加40μL的酪氨酸酶溶液(30U/mL),混匀后在37℃反应10min后迅速在酶标仪中测定490nm处吸光度(OD值)。每个样品浓度设置3个复孔,重复2次;同时设置空白组和对照组,空白组不加酪氨酸酶,以PBS补足体积;对照组不加样品,以PBS补足体积。通过公式(1)计算绣球菌浓缩液样品对酪氨酸酶抑制率:
酪氨酸酶抑制率/%=[1-(As-Ab’)/(Ac-Ab)]×100 (1)
式中,As为样品加酶的吸光度;Ab’为样品不加酶的吸光度;Ac为空白加酶的吸光度;Ab为空白不加酶的吸光度。
2.黑色素瘤B16细胞增殖试验
将绣球菌浓缩液样品用培养基溶解后调整至所需浓度。分别取处于对数生长期的黑色素瘤B16细胞,经消化后以含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基调节细胞浓度至2.5×104个/mL,向96孔板中每孔加入200μL细胞悬液(每孔约5×103个),37℃、5%二氧化碳、饱和湿度环境下培养24h,弃去培养基并加入含PBS的不同浓度绣球菌浓缩液样品,继续培养24h后更换新培养基并加入10μL CCK-8试剂,继续培养4h,于酶标仪上450nm处读取吸光度。每个样品浓度设置3复孔,重复2次;同时设置空白组和对照组,空白组不含样品以相同体积培养基补足,对照组不加细胞以相同体积的样品溶剂补足。通过公式(2)计算细胞存活率:
细胞存活率/%=(As-Ab’)/(Ac-Ab)×100 (2)
式中,As为样品孔的吸光度;Ab’为样品不加细胞孔的吸光度;Ac为空白孔的吸光度;Ab为空白不加细胞孔的吸光度。
3.黑色素细胞合成黑色素试验
取处于对数期黑色素瘤B16细胞于96孔板中每孔加入细胞为6×104个,加入含10%胎牛血清、1%双抗DMEM培养基,于37℃、5%二氧化碳、饱和湿度环境下24h;除空白组外,阳性对照组(曲酸、熊果苷)和各绣球菌浓缩液样品组分别加入5μL 1mmol/L的α-MSH,每组3复孔,继续培养72h,每孔用150μL 0.25%胰酶消化后加入0.5mL PBS吹打均匀,转入1.5mL离心管中10000r/min离心5min,弃上清,加入含10%DMSO的NaOH溶液200μL,80℃水浴1h,冷却后转入96孔板中于酶标仪读取405nm处的吸光度。通过公式(1)计算绣球菌浓缩液样品对黑色素生成抑制率,式中,As为样品加细胞孔的吸光度;Ab’为样品不加细胞孔的吸光度;Ac为空白加细胞孔的吸光度;Ab为空白不加细胞孔的吸光度。
4.DPPH自由基清除试验
用去离子水配制试验样品。向96孔板中加入30μL的绣球菌浓缩液样品溶液,加入150μL 200μmol/L的DPPH工作液(乙醇溶液),室温避光反应30min后测定517nm处的吸光度,设置空白组。通过公式(3)计算DPPH自由基清除率:
式中,A1为样品加DPPH工作液吸光度;A2为样品加不含DPPH工作液吸光度;A0是空白加DPPH工作液吸光度。
5.对成纤维细胞氧化损伤的保护作用研究
于96孔板中加入对数期生长良好的NHDF细胞(1×104个/孔),加入含10%胎牛血清、1%双抗DMEM培养基,于37℃、5%二氧化碳、饱和湿度环境下24h;弃去培养基加入绣球菌浓缩液样品,除空白组外,模型组、阳性组(选乳铁蛋白)和样品组都加入200μL含2.5mol/L H2O2的培养基(每组3复孔),继续培养24h,然后加入含CCK-8溶液10μL,继续培养4h后于酶标仪上读取450nm处的吸光度。重复2次。通过公式(2)计算成纤维细胞细胞存活率,式中,As为样品组的吸光度;Ab’为样品不加细胞的吸光度;Ac为空白组的吸光度;Ab为空白不加细胞的吸光度。
6.对氧化损伤成纤维细胞内活性氧的清除作用研究
培养成纤维细胞,除空白组外添加绣球菌浓缩液样品和加入200μL含2.5mol/LH2O2的培养基(每组3复孔),继续培养2h,根据ROS检测试剂盒的说明稀释ROS探针并换液,培养20min后用无血清培养基洗3次,用倒置荧光显微镜观察拍照并记录ROS水平。
7.对氧化损伤成纤维细胞中胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白合成影响研究培养成纤维细胞。除空白组外,模型组、阳性对照组和绣球菌浓缩液样品组都加入200μL含2.5mol/L H2O2的培养基(每组3复孔),继续培养24h后弃去上清,每孔加入500μL细胞裂解液,将细胞溶液反复冻融后取裂解液,按照胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白ELISA试剂盒说明书检测溶液中的胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白浓度。
所有数据以平均值±标准偏差表示,采用单因素方差分析比较组间数据是否有显著性差异,采用Dunnett法进行后续多重比较,显著性水平α=0.05。
结果与分析
1.SCE对黑色素合成的影响
酪氨酸酶是细胞内黑色素合成过程中关键的酶,其抑制率常用于评估天然物质作为抑制皮肤黑色素生成药物或美白化妆品原料的潜在应用价值。如图1所示,6.25μg/mL曲酸的酶活性抑制率为51.3%,而100μg/mL~10mg/mL SCE的酪氨酸酶抑制率在35.0%~79.4%,并呈现明显的浓度依赖性;而10mg/mL酵母β-葡聚糖的酶活抑制率仅为18.3%。可见SCE对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用显著高于酵母β-葡聚糖。
根据SCE中β-葡聚糖含量计算可知,10mg/mL SCE中β-葡聚糖的浓度约为2.0mg/mL,因此推测SCE中非β-葡聚糖成分对酪氨酸酶酶活抑制作用的贡献较大。另外,90℃和60℃提取的绣球菌水提取物的酪氨酸酶抑制率分别为48.2%和53.8%,不同提取温度时绣球菌成分的溶出有一定差异,进一步说明绣球菌中除β-葡聚糖外,其他成分也有抑制酪氨酸酶的作用。
SCE对黑色素细胞的增殖影响结果见图2。以100%细胞存活率为分界线,酵母β-葡聚糖在1000μg/mL及以下,SCE在750μg/mL及以下对黑色素细胞的生长无抑制作用。同时,由图2结果可知,酵母β-葡聚糖在10-100μg/mL和绣球菌浓缩液在15-150μg/mL对B16细胞有一定的增殖作用。考虑到酵母β-葡聚糖中β-葡聚糖含量是绣球菌浓缩液(以干基计)的约3.5倍,在测试样品对B16合成黑色素影响时,把绣球菌浓缩液中、高浓度设置比酵母β-葡聚糖样品高一定程度,使两样品中β-葡聚糖浓度接近以便初步判断β-葡聚糖浓度对黑色素产生抑制效果的贡献程度。故分别选取10、50、100μg/mL酵母β-葡聚糖和10、100、150μg/mL SCE测试对B16合成黑色素的影响。
曲酸和熊果苷是化妆品原料中公认的黑色素合成抑制剂,如图3所示,5μg/mL浓度的曲酸和熊果苷对B16细胞合成黑色素抑制率为35.7%和17.9%,曲酸优于熊果苷,效果与文献报道一致;而在测试浓度范围内,SCE对B16细胞合成黑色素抑制率为24.6%~52.1%,而酵母β-葡聚糖的黑色素抑制率为26.0%~85.5%,两者均表现出浓度依赖性。对比发现,可推知绣球菌中β-葡聚糖是发挥抑制黑色素产生的主要成分。有报道显示,β-葡聚糖抑制黑色素合成机制可能与下调B16细胞产生黑色素相关酶酪氨酸酶、5,6-二羟吲哚羧酸(5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid,DHICA)氧化酶(tyrosinase-related protein-1,TRP-1)和多巴色素异构酶(TRP-2)的表达有关,除了β-葡聚糖外,SCE对黑色素合成的抑制作用还可能与绣球菌所含的小分子吲哚等代谢物有关。
2.SCE清除DPPH自由基活性自由基理论是目前主要的衰老理论之一。DPPH法常用于体外抗氧化活性评价。如图4所示,酵母β-葡聚糖和SCE清除DPPH自由基活性呈现出剂量依赖性,在1~10mg/mL范围内,DPPH自由基清除率分别为3.5%~9.4%和32.4%~62.8%,且SCE的活性优于酵母β-葡聚糖(P<0.05)。酵母β-葡聚糖清除DPPH自由基的活性已文献报道,其抗氧化活性可能与其糖链上羟基单元及数量有关;此前也有文献证实了绣球菌提取物对DPPH自由基的清除作用。食用菌富含多糖、萜类、多酚类、黄酮类、麦角甾醇等抗氧化物质,除β-葡聚糖外,SCE中还有多酚类、黄酮类、对羟基苯甲酸、萜类等其他抗氧化物质,因而在相等的物质浓度下,SCE体外清除自由基活性高。
3.SCE对人皮肤成纤维细胞氧化损伤的保护作用
H2O2是细胞内一种氧化应激因子,过量产生可导致细胞损伤加速衰老。为了检测SCE对NHDF细胞氧化损伤的保护作用,以H2O2处理建立细胞氧化损伤模型,采用不同浓度的酵母β-葡聚糖和SCE进行处理,细胞存活率结果见图5。
从图5中可以看出,H2O2处理后细胞存活率为51%,说明氧化损伤造模成功;乳铁蛋白作为阳性对照,细胞存活率达89%,与文献报乳铁蛋白具有抗氧化作用的结果相吻合;SCE各浓度组的细胞存活率为71%~81%,高于酵母β-葡聚糖各浓度组的细胞存活率(52%~58%),说明酵母β-葡聚糖和SCE对H2O2处理引起的细胞凋亡具有一定的保护作用,且SCE的保护作用强于酵母β-葡聚糖(P<0.05)。对比样品组内差异,发现酵母β-葡聚糖和SCE对细胞氧化损伤保护作用的浓度依赖性并不明显。有文献报道姬松茸多糖通过p-蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,AKT)信号通路保护心肌细胞免受H2O2诱导的氧化损伤和凋亡,提示β-葡聚糖具有一定的氧化损伤保护作用。然而,SCE中β-葡聚糖含量约3.6%,还有高比例其他未知成分,未来有必要对绣球菌中发挥保护细胞氧化损伤的物质基础和生物学机制进行深入研究。
进一步利用ROS检测试剂盒检测样品对模型细胞内ROS水平的影响。DCFH-DA进入细胞后被细胞内的酯酶水解为DCFH,DCFH不能透过细胞膜而停留在细胞内,细胞内的ROS可以将DCFH氧化为发荧光DCF。因此,检测细胞内DCF的荧光强度可评价细胞内ROS水平。
如图6和图7所示,正常细胞内ROS水平低(空白对照,6A);H2O2处理后,细胞内ROS水平极显著提升,是空白对照的13倍;模型细胞用10μg/mL酵母β-葡聚糖处理后细胞内ROS水平并无明显下降,说明对细胞氧化损伤保护作用较弱,与细胞存活率的结果一致(图5);而相同浓度下SCE处理后细胞内ROS水平下降了约50%(与模型组比较,P<0.01),效果明显优于酵母β-葡聚糖的作用,此结果与SCE对氧化损伤细胞的存活率相吻合。
4.SCE对人皮肤成纤维细胞合成胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的影响成纤维细胞合成胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白能力常用于筛选具有皮肤美容潜力的活性成分。如图8所示,经H2O2氧化损伤处理后,成纤维细胞中III型胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白含量分别下降了33%和59%(P<0.01),表明氧化损伤对细胞合成代谢造成了严重影响;不同质量浓度的酵母β-葡聚糖处理对氧化损伤细胞的III型胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白合成没有明显改善作用(P>0.05),提示酵母β-葡聚糖可能无相关作用;而采用不同质量浓度(10~100μg/mL)SCE处理氧化损伤细胞,可显著提高III型胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的合成(P<0.05,P<0.01),III型胶原蛋白含量相比模型组提高了67%~79%,而弹性蛋白含量分别比模型组提高了124%、144%和199%,接近甚至超过了正常细胞的合成水平,但未表现出浓度依赖性。前人研究发现,从绣球菌中分离的β-葡聚糖在成纤维细胞模型中可以促进皮肤成纤维细胞合成I型胶原蛋白,但该研究中β-葡聚糖样品并未进行结构鉴定且含有蛋白成分。一般而言,商业化酵母β-葡聚糖的β葡聚糖含量在74%~86%,且含有不同比例的糖蛋白(0~20%),其精细多糖结构与菌种、制备方法密切相关。在本发明中,酵母β-葡聚糖无明显的促进成纤维细胞合成III型胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的作用,其原因可能是酵母β-葡聚糖与以前报道的绣球菌β-葡聚糖结构差异较大有关。
5.美白功效测试
对实施例1~5及对比例1~3的抗衰老美白乳液样品进行美白功效测试,以酪氨酸酶活性抑制率表征美白功效。具体测试方法同前述的酪氨酸酶活性抑制试验,通过公式(1)计算得到酪氨酸酶活性抑制率,结果如表2所示。
表2
从表2中可知,实施例1~3对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率相较于对比例1~3具有明显的提高,这说明多种提取物成分的复配能够起到协同增效的作用,各种不同的美白活性成分共同作用能够更好的抑制黑色素生成的作用,使化妆品具有更优的美白效果。
6.祛斑性能测试
选取皮肤存在明显色斑的志愿者80名,平均分为8组,每组10人,8组人分别使用实施例1~5和对比例1~3的乳液1个月,早晚各使用一次,每次约使用1mL量即可,记录1个月后志愿者面部色斑状况,结果如表3所示。
表3
从表3中可以看出,使用实施例1~3的志愿者中,每组色斑明显淡化和色斑有淡化的总人数均显著高于对比例1~3,表明实施例1~5的乳液样品具有更好的祛斑性能。
7.皮肤平均粗糙度的测试
选取80名女性,年龄在25-40岁之间,随机分为8组。清洁面部后,取适量实施例1~5和对比例1~3的乳液涂抹至脸部,轻按至完全吸收,每日早晚各使用一次。测试共进行4次,分别为初始值和使用抗衰凝胶1周、2周、4周后,每周同一时间受试者将涂抹部位洗净,使用MicroSkinII多功能皮肤镜图像分析系统测定左眼角区的皮肤平均粗糙度,结果如表4所示。
表4
0周 | 1周 | 2周 | 4周 | |
实施例1 | 24.57 | 22.71 | 20.02 | 17.79 |
实施例2 | 24.61 | 22.15 | 19.84 | 17.16 |
实施例3 | 24.43 | 22.48 | 20.38 | 17.93 |
实施例4 | 24.87 | 22.92 | 20.84 | 18.01 |
实施例5 | 24.18 | 21.89 | 19.92 | 17.18 |
对比例1 | 24.65 | 23.28 | 22.50 | 21.18 |
对比例2 | 24.81 | 23.81 | 22.97 | 21.64 |
对比例3 | 24.39 | 23.52 | 22.27 | 21.11 |
从表4的结果可以看出,实施例提供的乳液样品能有效降低皮肤的平均粗糙度,长期使用后能够延缓皮肤衰老,达到祛皱的效果,使皮肤更加光滑。与对比例1~3相比可知,通过四种提取物的复配使用,产生了协同增效作用,大大提升了去皱、降低平均粗糙度的功效。综上所述,虽然本发明已以优选实施例揭露如上,但上述优选实施例并非用以限制本发明,本领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,均可作各种更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围以权利要求界定的范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.绣球菌浓缩液在制备化妆品或美容食品中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述绣球菌浓缩液中,可溶性固形物的质量百分含量为16.0%~18.0%;β-1,3-葡聚糖的质量百分含量≥3.0%,折算成干基计,β-1,3-葡聚糖的质量百分含量≥16.7%。
3.一种抗衰老美白组合物,其特征在于,包括绣球菌浓缩液、盐生杜氏藻提取物、魁蒿叶提取物和睡茄根提取物。
4.如权利要求3所述的抗衰老美白组合物,其特征在于,所述抗衰老美白组合物中包括:6~15重量份绣球菌浓缩液、1~5重量份盐生杜氏藻提取物、1~5重量份魁蒿叶提取物和0.1~1重量份的睡茄根提取物。
5.如权利要求4所述的抗衰老美白组合物,其特征在于,所述抗衰老美白组合物中包括:8~10重量份绣球菌浓缩液、1~3重量份盐生杜氏藻、1~3重量份魁蒿叶提取物、0.1~0.5重量份的睡茄根提取物。
6.如权利要求4所述的抗衰老美白组合物,其特征在于,所述抗衰老美白组合物中还包括3~8重量份的芦荟提取物。
7.一种抗衰老美白化妆品,其特征在于,所述抗衰老美白化妆品以权利要求3~6任一项所述的抗衰老美白组合物为活性成分,并包括化妆品可接受的基质。
8.如权利要求7所述的抗衰老美白化妆品,其特征在于,以所述抗衰老美白化妆品的质量百分比计,所述抗衰老美白组合物的添加量为1%~50%,所述化妆品可接受的基质的添加量为50%~99%。
9.如权利要求7所述的抗衰老美白化妆品,其特征在于,所述化妆品可接受的基质包括溶剂、油脂、乳化剂、增稠剂、保湿剂、防腐剂、香精中的一种或多种。
10.如权利要求7所述的抗衰老美白化妆品,其特征在于,所述抗衰老美白化妆品包括化妆水、乳液、精华液、膏或面霜。
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