CN116947455A - 一种利用煤矸石制备砂岩复合板的方法及原料组合物 - Google Patents
一种利用煤矸石制备砂岩复合板的方法及原料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于煤矸石处理技术领域,具体的说是一种用于制备砂岩复合板的原料组合物,包括原料煤矸石份、砖渣份,还包括微晶粉、钠长石、水晶粉、高岭土、SiC(碳化硅),本发明还描述了一种利用所述组合物制备砂岩复合板的方法,包括破碎、球磨、过筛、布料、烧成、抛光等步骤,本发明所制备的复合板可用于建筑板材,实现工业废品再利用,在此基础上本发明还改进了烧成工艺,使得制成品的物理和化学性能指标达到要求,新的制备工艺既减轻了环境污染,又创造了新的经济价值,具备广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于煤矸石处理技术领域,具体是一种利用煤矸石制备砂岩复合板的技术领域。
背景技术
煤矸石是煤矿在开拓掘进、采煤和煤炭洗选等生产过程中排出的含碳岩石。采取传统堆存、填埋方式,不仅压占土地,还易造成土壤及水体污染、自燃危害等多重后果,因此,拓展科学且经济的综合利用途径迫在眉睫。
在利用煤矸石制备复合板的过程中,原料有机物需要充分氧化分解,已达到满足制成品的要求,而且在烧成过程中温段保温的温度也需要恰到好处,这段保温时间是最后一段排气过程,温度设定低了,反应不剧烈,排气速率慢,不利于快速烧成,温度设定高了,液相过早生成,封闭的表面气体无法排出,导致发泡不均匀,影响板材的受力性能,所以选取合适的温度至关重要。
本发明提供一种利用新的工艺来处理工业废弃物煤矸石,具体记载了以煤矸石为主要原料制备砂岩复合板的配方及其制备工艺,所制备的复合板可用于建筑板材,实现工业废品再利用,在此基础上本发明还改进了烧成工艺,使得制成品的物理和化学性能指标达到要求,新的制备工艺既减轻了环境污染,又创造了新的经济价值,具备广泛的应用前景。
发明内容
为了弥补现有技术的不足,解决采煤过程和洗煤过程中排放的固体废物煤矸石的处理问题,和制备过程中原料有机物不能充分氧化分解以及烧成过程中最适宜温度选取的问题,本发明提出一种利用煤矸石制备砂岩复合板的方法及原料组合物。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:提供一种制备砂岩复合板的原料组合物,按重量份计,配制组合物原料:煤矸石70-80份、砖渣6份,配制组合物辅料:微晶粉、钠长石、水晶粉、高岭土、SiC(碳化硅)共24-26份。
优选的,所述煤矸石70份、微晶粉3份、钠长石6份、水晶粉9份、高岭土6份、SiC(碳化硅)0.3份。
本发明解决其技术问题还提供一种制备砂岩复合板的方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将煤矸石原料先经过锤破机加工,得到直径1cm左右颗粒;
S2:将破碎得到原料加入球磨机研磨12小时后,使用标准筛控制粉料细度;
S3:将计量好的辅料加入筛好的原料中,配料计量精确至±1g;
S4:将混合好的物料再过振动筛,以筛除球磨时破碎的球石颗粒;
S5:将混合物料布料均匀,使各部分物料密实度、厚度一致;
S6:在窑炉中对布料均匀后的混合物料进行烧成,烧成周期为20-200min,烧成中段保温温度控制在580-1169℃;
S7:烧成结束后进行抛光,定厚,制得成品。
优选的,所述S2步骤使用500kg规格球磨机进行球磨。
优选的,所述S6步骤烧成过程中段保温温度设置1125℃。
优选的,所述S6步骤窑炉增加观火孔,1000℃之前将观火孔打开,使空气进入。
本发明还可利用该制备方法制备一种白色微晶砂岩复合板,其他步骤不变的情况下,所述S3步骤配料加入石英6份,氧化铝4份,滑石4份。
本发明的有益之处在于:
1.本发明选取配方70%的煤矸石、6%的砖渣、3%的微晶粉、6%的钠长石、9%的水晶粉、6%的高岭土、0.3%的SiC制备轻晶石,该原料煤矸石的用量比例既远超固废处理的基本要求,又能满足制备砂岩复合板的条件。
2.本发明通过改进窑炉增加观火孔,1000℃之前将观火孔打开,使空气进入,让电炉内部有氧气流通,形成微氧化气氛,促进物料的氧化加快反应,可使物料中有机物充分氧化分解,使得制成品化学性能更加稳定。
3.本发明在烧成过程中中段保温温度设置1125℃,使得反应速率适中,气体可以正常排出,使复合板发泡均匀,增加了板材的抗压能力及抗折能力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为原料组合物的初始配方表和化学组分表;
图2为砂岩复合板制备方法的流程框图;
图3为第1-3次烧成数据图;
图4为第4-6次烧成数据图;
图5为第7-9次烧成数据图;
图6为制成品试样理化性能抽样检测表;
图7为制成品行业检测标准表。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
制备砂岩复合板的原料组合物,按重量份计,包括原料:煤矸石70-80份、砖渣6份,微晶粉、钠长石、水晶粉、高岭土、SiC(碳化硅)共24-26份。
请参阅图1,,进一步配制原料组合物,按重量份计,选取煤矸石70份、砖渣6份、微晶粉3份、钠长石6份、水晶粉9份、高岭土6份、SiC(碳化硅)0.3份。
请参阅图2制备方法的流程框图,将煤矸石原料先经过锤破机加工,得到直径1cm左右颗粒,需要注意的是,可选择将锤式破碎机换为钢环的环式碎煤机,利用环式碎煤机的高速冲击和低速碾压的综合作用来破碎物料,从而获得更好的破碎效果,此方法破碎1.5小时即可,然后再将破碎得到原料加入球磨机研磨12小时,可使用50kg-500kg规格球磨机,本方案优先采用500kg规格球磨机,球磨完毕后,使用标准筛控制粉料细度,本方案采取0.25mm标准土壤筛,将物料颗粒直径控制在0.25mm以下,再将计量好的辅料加入筛好的原料中,配料计量精确至±1g,将物料充分混合,然后将混合好的物料再过振动筛,以筛除球磨时破碎的球石颗粒,再将混合物料布料均匀,使各部分物料密实度、厚度一致,然后在窑炉中对布料均匀后的混合物料进行烧成,烧成周期为20-200min,烧成中段保温温度控制在580-1169℃,烧成结束后使用抛光机进行打磨抛光,定厚,制得成品砂岩复合板。
实施例二
请参阅图2-5,在其他步骤不变的情况下,本实施例重点改进了烧成工艺,对烧成用的窑炉增加了对向设置的若干观火孔,在1000℃之前打开观火孔,观火孔作用主要是使空气进入产生对流,让电炉内部有氧气流通,形成微氧化气氛,促进物料的氧化反应,本技术方案需要,本实施例为得到中段保温的最适宜温度,进行了九次烧成中试,九次中试数据如图3-5所示,第一、二次中试得到的产品出炉时表面鼓包严重,整个板面都存在鼓包现象,将鼓包敲开发现内部是中空的,即每个鼓包内都存在一个个的大洞,从定厚完的表面看确实是大孔布满了整块板材,部分大孔颜色呈铁红色。第三、四次中试得到的产品四周略微有点欠温约2~3℃,颜色呈铁红色,板材四周未出现鼓包,鼓包区域集中在板材中部,定厚完,看到板材内部,中部区域有黑心情况,基本上每个鼓包内部都有,板材四周情况非常好,发泡均匀,都是小而密的泡孔,具有较高的机械强度。第五次中试烧成温度适中,产品表面颜色呈暗红色,板材各个区域均未出现鼓包,表面平整,定厚完看出内部颜色发黑为灰黑色,有少量大孔,整体品相良好。第六到九次中试烧成中段保温温度设置在1125℃,表面颜色呈暗红色,板材各个区域均未出现鼓包,表面平整,此次试验得到的板材从外观到各项要求都基本能够达到要求,毛板厚度10.5cm,孔径1~2mm,泡孔均匀,少量大孔,通过9次中试得出烧成中段保温最佳温度设置在1125℃,此外本实施例还对制成品进行了抽样检查,请参阅图6-7,所抽取的样块1-3各项理化性能均满足行业的检测标准。
实施例三
本实施例记载了白色微晶砂岩复合板的制备方法,在实施例1和实施例2原料组合物其他组分不变的情况下,在配料步骤加入石英6份,氧化铝4份,滑石4份,且其他工艺不变,制备出一种白色饰面的复合板材,可满足多种需求,所制得的白色微晶砂岩复合板除了在饰面层有轻微漏底的之外,其余理化性能和上述实施例并无明显区别。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于制备砂岩复合板的原料组合物,按重量份计,包括原料煤矸石70-80份、砖渣6份,其特征在于:还包括微晶粉、钠长石、水晶粉、高岭土、SiC(碳化硅)共24-26份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于制备砂岩复合板的组合物,其特征在于:所述煤矸石70份、微晶粉3份、钠长石6份、水晶粉9份、高岭土6份、SiC(碳化硅)0.3份。
3.一种利用权利要求1-2任意一项所述组合物制备砂岩复合板的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1:将煤矸石原料先经过锤破机加工,得到直径1cm左右颗粒;
S2:将破碎得到原料加入球磨机研磨12小时后,使用标准筛控制粉料细度;
S3:将计量好的辅料加入筛好的原料中,配料计量精确至±1g;
S4:将混合好的物料再过振动筛,以筛除球磨时破碎的球石颗粒;
S5:将混合物料布料均匀,使各部分物料密实度、厚度一致;
S6:在窑炉中对布料均匀后的混合物料进行烧成,烧成周期为20-200min,烧成中段保温温度控制在580-1169℃;
S7:烧成结束后进行抛光,定厚,制得成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种制备砂岩复合板的方法,其特征在于:所述S2步骤使用500kg规格球磨机进行球磨。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种制备砂岩复合板的方法,其特征在于:所述S6步骤烧成过程中段保温温度设置1125℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种制备砂岩复合板的方法,其特征在于:所述S6步骤窑炉增加若干观火孔,1000℃之前将观火孔打开,使空气进入。
7.根据权利要求3所述方法制备的白色微晶砂岩复合板,其特征在于,所述S3步骤配料还加入石英6份,氧化铝4份,滑石4份。
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