CN116924783B - 一种具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖及其制备方法。所述具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖的制备方法包括以下步骤:将坯体粉料压制成型为白度在50度以上的超白砖坯;在超白砖坯表面施柔光面釉;在施加柔光面釉的砖坯表面喷墨打印数码胶水图案;在喷墨打印数码胶水图案后的砖坯表面施柔光保护釉;干燥、烧成,得到所述具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷砖生产制造技术领域,具体涉及一种具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
柔光瓷砖是砖面反射介于强光与弱光之间的一类独特的瓷砖产品,其结合亮光类瓷砖的高调明艳装饰和哑光类瓷砖的低调内敛搭配效果。相比抛光砖,柔光砖未经表面抛光,表面没有开口气孔,防污性能指数级提升,产品细腻润泽,视觉更舒适,降低产品反光率,更符合现代生活需求,可以更好的与其他装饰品搭配,从而达到人体舒适的视觉感受以及无光污染的空间装饰效果。柔光瓷砖的莫氏硬度一般达到6.0~7.0,硬度相当于石英石,比天然大理石更耐磨;同时,也不像仿古砖容易藏污,打理更容易。此外,柔光砖还能够逼真还原真实石材表面的自然光泽,高端大气,内敛,逼真细腻,完美复原高端石材的自然效果,其石材纹理立体感丰富,深受家居市场的欢迎。
目前,市场上瓷质柔光砖种类较多。中国专利(申请号202211566093.5)公开了一种具有亲肤质感的陶瓷板材及其制备方法和应用,该发明采用坯体层与底釉层、面釉层、透明保护釉层多层釉料层相互配合,使陶瓷板材表面实现16~25度的哑光效果,视觉效果柔和,同时实现表面粗糙度10~15μm,触感更好,符合人体工学的亲肤质感。但是,该发明使用多层釉料,工艺相对复杂,生产可控性难度较大。中国专利(申请号201510533746.3)公开了一种柔光瓷砖,该发明采用在坯体上布施面釉,布施面釉后通过丝网印花机印制特殊干粒釉,烧制成瓷砖后,经柔抛处理得到柔光效果陶瓷砖。但是,该发明经抛光处理,会使产品表面有开口气孔,容易渗透污渍,防污性能指数会降低,影响产品品质。中国专利(申请号202211137635.7)公开了一种釉料组合物、肌肤釉瓷砖及其制备方法,该发明主要是将第一釉料、第二釉料、第三釉料三种釉料相互配合,釉面光度在25~35度之间,釉面手感细腻润滑。但是,该发明同样需要多种釉料配合,生产波动性较大。
发明内容
针对现有柔光陶瓷产品制备方法中多以调整釉面配方或者蜡抛技术获得柔光效果,且光度多在20~30度之间的问题以及蜡抛技术获得柔光效果砖面时吸盘印难以解决的问题,本发明通过优化升级釉面配方,结合50°超白坯体,研发8-10°柔光水平瓷质砖,引入墨水性能数码胶水定位布施图案,提升产品品质和实用价值,获得更好的装饰效果。
第一方面,本发明提供了一种具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
将坯体粉料压制成型为白度在50度以上的超白砖坯;
在超白砖坯表面施柔光面釉;
在施加柔光面釉的砖坯表面喷墨打印数码胶水图案;
在喷墨打印数码胶水图案后的砖坯表面施柔光保护釉;
干燥、烧成,得到所述具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖。
较佳地,所述超白坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:65.21~68.63%、Al2O3:18.63~22.05%、Fe2O3:0.08~0.25%、TiO2:0.05~0.09%、CaO:0.3~0.6%、MgO:1.93~2.35%、K2O:3.23~3.88%、Na2O:2.65~3.17%、烧失:4.5~5.0%。
较佳地,所述柔光面釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:52.7~58.9%、Al2O3:24.3~27.5%、Fe2O3:0.11~0.26%、CaO:0.22~0.41%、TiO2:0.08~0.15%、MgO:1.25~1.88%、K2O:4.28~5.66%、Na2O:1.88~2.35%、ZrO2:1.96~6.53%、烧失:1.57~4.5%。
较佳地,所述数码胶水的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:58.68~62.63%、Al2O3:3.5~5.6%、Fe2O3:0.03~0.12%、CaO:14.21~15.68%、MgO:1.05~1.46%、K2O:2.62~3.26%、Na2O:0.35~0.96%、TiO2:0.02~0.07%、BaO:0.05~0.09%、ZnO:9.55~11.26%、ZrO2:0.07~1.18%、烧失:3.0~4.0%。
较佳地,所述柔光保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:43.62~46.58%、Al2O3:14.52~17.67%、Fe2O3:0.78~0.96%、CaO:5.72~7.12%、TiO2:0.02~0.08%、MgO:4.88~5.95%、K2O:0.88~1.23%、Na2O:3.42~3.86%、BaO:6.28~6.96%、ZnO:5.11~5.67%、SrCO3:3.42~3.96%、烧失:5.5~6.0%。
较佳地,所述柔光保护釉的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,钾长石5~7%,钠长石35~40%,碳酸钡5~7%,烧滑石9~13%,氧化锌2~6%,水洗高岭土5~8%,煅烧高岭土1~4%,方解石6~10%,白云石5~8%,煅烧氧化铝2~6%,碳酸锶1~4%,高温熔块6~10%。
较佳地,所述高温熔块的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:66.71%、Al2O3:2.86%、Fe2O3:0.24%、CaO:7.28%、TiO2:0.09%、MgO:0.89%、K2O:1.06%、Na2O:5.31%、ZnO:4.21%、CaF2:2.53%、BaO:6.07%、烧失:2.75%;所述高温熔块的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,方解石20%,白云石1%,硅灰石4%,烧滑石30%,氧化锌3%,高岭土23%,氧化铝8%,石英6%,萤石5%。
较佳地,所述柔光面釉的始熔温度为1080-1120℃,所述柔光保护釉的始熔温度为1030-1080℃,控制所述柔光面釉的始融温度高于柔光保护釉60~90℃;
所述柔光保护釉的施加方式为淋釉;所述柔光保护釉的比重为1.33~1.35,施釉量为160~180g/m2。
较佳地,烧成温度为1200~1220℃,烧成周期为40~60min。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种根据上述制备方法得到的具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖。
有益效果
(1)舒适性。对比常规29度和55度柔光砖,本发明提供的瓷质砖逼真还原真实石材表面自然光泽,推崇无光污染的健康家居氛围,依照空间光学折射规律,将瓷砖反光控制在10度左右的柔光水平,为眼睛创造最舒适柔和的感光状态,规避疲劳隐患;
(2)高质感。本发明提供的瓷质砖完美复原高端石材的自然效果更加接近石材质感,手感更加细腻,触感踏实、温暖;
(3)高耐磨性。本发明提供的瓷质砖表面耐化学腐蚀性为GLA级,非镜面效果不容易出现划痕;
(4)创新性。本发明提供的制备方法通过采用50度超白坯体,研发柔光釉面配方,创新性引入墨水性能数码胶水定位布施图案,经光线折射散发珍珠般的光华;
(5)适用范围广。本发明提供的瓷质砖复古性好又不失时尚,花色丰富,能够满足不同用户的装修需求,进行个性化的铺贴设计,性价比高,适用范围广;
(6)易清洁。本发明提供的瓷质砖吸水率E≤0.5%,方便清洗维护易打理;
(7)高防污性。本发明提供的瓷质砖属于釉面砖,未经抛光处理,表面没有开口气孔,防污性能指数级提升。
附图说明
图1、2为被发明实施例1制备得到的具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖样品的砖面效果图。
具体实施方式
通过下述实施方式进一步说明本发明,应理解,下述实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而非限制本发明。在没有特殊说明的情况下,各百分含量指质量百分含量。
本发明通过研制坯体增白配方,将生产粉料按一定的布料方式制备成超白坯体,出干燥窑后,通过淋施特殊配方配方的柔光面釉,再喷墨打印仿石材纹理,同时喷墨打印数码胶水布施定位图案,出喷墨房后淋施柔光保护釉,按照一定的烧成工艺制备得到具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖。
以下,示例性说明本发明提供的具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖的制备方法。所述制备方法可以包括以下步骤。
将坯体粉料压制成型为超白砖坯。将陶瓷坯体原料粉碎并进行湿法球磨,喷雾、避光高温烘焙制成坯体粉料,然后用压机干压成型为超白砖坯。将压制成型的超白砖坯经干燥窑干燥,干燥温度可为100~240℃,干燥时间可为40~60min。干燥坯水分控制在0.4wt%以内为宜。
在一些实施方式中,所述超白坯体的化学组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:65.21~68.63%、Al2O3:18.63~22.05%、Fe2O3:0.08~0.25%、TiO2:0.05~0.09%、CaO:0.3~0.6%、MgO:1.93~2.35%、K2O:3.23~3.88%、Na2O:2.65~3.17%、烧失:4.5~5.0%。作为一个优选的示例,所述超白坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:65.67%、Al2O3:20.33%、Fe2O3:0.17%、TiO2:0.07%、CaO:0.48%、MgO:2.06%、K2O:3.46%、Na2O:2.96%、烧失:4.8%。通常,着色氧化物通常有Fe2O3与TiO2等,其中对白度的影响以Fe2O3比TiO2更显著。本发明采用的坯体化学组成中对坯体的白度影响较大的是Fe2O3,过量引入Fe2O3会导致坯体显红色调,白度降低,将Fe2O3质量百分比控制在0.3%以内较佳(比如0.08~0.25%),可以达到预期的白度效果。
在一些实施方式中,所述超白坯体的原料组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,钠长石12~16%,钾长石24~27%,球土26~30%,膨润土8~12%,高温砂3~6%,中温砂11~15%,烧滑石4~6%。作为示例,所述超白坯体的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,钠长石14%,钾长石25%,球土28%,膨润土10%,高温砂5%,中温砂13%,烧滑石5%。
作为示例,所述钠长石的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:67.66%、Al2O3:17.79%、Fe2O3:0.11%、TiO2:0.06%、CaO:0.87%、MgO:0.53%、K2O:0.62%、Na2O:10.01%、烧失:2.35%,所述钠长石煅烧检测白度范围在59.04~62.63;所述钾长石化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:70.3%、Al2O3:14.17%、Fe2O3:0.12%、TiO2:0.01%、CaO:0.83%、MgO:0.16%、K2O:8.93%、Na2O:3.04%、烧失:2.44%,所述钾长石煅烧检测白度范围在63.82~67.25;所述球土化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:53.6%、Al2O3:32.9%、Fe2O3:0.22%、TiO2:0.12%、CaO:0.05%、MgO:0.10%、K2O:1.45%、Na2O:0.31%、烧失:11.25%,所述球土煅烧检测白度范围在82.34~87.26;所述膨润土化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:72.58%、Al2O3:17.6%、Fe2O3:0.51%、TiO2:0.34%、CaO:0.59%、MgO:0.50%、K2O:0.67%、Na2O:0.54%、烧失:6.67%,所述膨润土煅烧检测白度范围在47.2~51.3;所述高温砂化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:66.33%、Al2O3:23.49%、Fe2O3:0.04%、TiO2:0.02%、CaO:0.14%、MgO:0.02%、K2O:3.9%、Na2O:4.75%、烧失:1.31%,所述高温砂煅烧检测白度范围在67.2~69.5;所述中温砂化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:73.55%、Al2O3:16.75%、Fe2O3:0.11%、TiO2:0.03%、CaO:0.84%、MgO:0.03%、K2O:3.91%、Na2O:3.41%、烧失:1.37%,所述中温砂煅烧检测白度范围在58.5~61.2;所述烧滑石化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:62.18%、MgO:37.67%、烧失:0.15%。
陶瓷砖坯体白度往往受原料产地、除杂工序以及烧成温度的影响比较大,不同产地的原料烧制出来的坯体颜色不同,有的偏白,有的偏红。同时,原料除杂工序越细致,有色离子如铁离子过滤出去,得到的坯体也会更白。常规的破碎石粒,因破碎过程中引入的铁以及原料中亦含有伴生铁等杂质,易影响白度。本发明采用的坯体原料纯度高、白度高,铁钛含量相对较低,而且本配方采用球土取代传统黑泥和部分高岭土,加入一定量的膨润土,利用膨润土具有良好的湿压强度特点,成功解决高白坯体配方的可塑性较差和干坯强度较低的问题,得到的砖坯白度在50度以上。
在一些实施方式中,所述坯体粉料的粒径可以为180-600μm,所述超白坯体的始熔温度可以为1150-1250℃。
本发明通过优化坯体配方体系使坯体增白,同时提高瓷砖的致密度、硬度。在一些实施方式中,所述超白坯体的白度可以超过50度,优选为50-55。通过将坯体控制在此白度范围内,可以促进产品纹理发色更纯正,效果更出色,产品层次感强,纹理更逼真。白度过高,往往需要采用添加硅酸锆的方式增白,这样同时也增加了瓷砖的放射性,控制坯体白度在50度以上能够达到预期效果,同时可以降低生产成本;白度过低,会导致产品性能和品质降低。坯体的颜色对釉面的白度影响较大,通常坯体白度高时釉面白度也会较高,若坯体颜色过深,则会影响釉面发色。
在超白砖坯表面施柔光面釉。在干燥后的超白坯体表面施加柔光面釉,通过施加柔光面釉以及超白坯体增白遮瑕优化釉面发色,可以促进实现陶瓷砖产品表面达到细腻顺滑、纹理层次感分明的效果。
在一些实施方式中,所述柔光面釉的化学组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:52.7~58.9%、Al2O3:24.3~27.5%、Fe2O3:0.11~0.26%、CaO:0.22~0.41%、TiO2:0.08~0.15%、MgO:1.25~1.88%、K2O:4.28~5.66%、Na2O:1.88~2.35%、ZrO2:1.96~6.53%、烧失:1.57~4.5%。作为示例,所述柔光面釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:55.8%、Al2O3:26.23%、Fe2O3:0.21%、CaO:0.35%、TiO2:0.13%、MgO:1.77%、K2O:5.27%、Na2O:2.14%、ZrO2:6.53%、烧失:1.57%。
本发明提供的柔光面釉的化学组成中,SiO2和Al2O3对光度、手感和性能影响较大。其中,Al2O3可以改善釉面性能,提高化学稳定性、硬度和弹性,并降低釉的膨胀系数,含量过高会削弱釉面光度,含量过低会导致釉面耐磨和稳定性会变差,同时釉面光度会过高;SiO2可以提高釉的化学稳定性、热稳定性和力学强度、硬度,减少划痕和磨损,含量过高会提高釉料的温度,手感粗糙,防污性变差。此外,K2O和Na2O等低温料对釉面手感光度也有较大影响,含量过高会使得釉面光度高、手感光滑,但是容易划痕,因此需要配合后续烧成温度和烧制氛围控制在适当的质量比例范围。
在一些实施方式中,所述柔光面釉的原料组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,硅酸锆8~12%,氧化铝8~14%,煅烧高岭土8~14%,高岭土2~6%,钾长石55~65%,烧滑石2~6%。作为示例,所述柔光面釉的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,硅酸锆10%,氧化铝10%,煅烧高岭土10%,高岭土5%,钾长石60%,烧滑石5%。将上述各原料控制在合适的质量比例范围内可以保证柔光面釉良好的釉面效果与性能。其中,氧化铝和烧滑石含量过高,会导致釉面光度会低,表面针孔等缺陷会多,手感粗糙,防污差;含量过低,则会导致釉面光度过高,强度低,容易产生划痕。
在一些实施方式中,所述柔光面釉的始熔温度可以为1080-1120℃。面釉的始融温度过高,会导致釉面发色差,手感粗糙,防污效果差,釉面针孔、痱子等表面缺陷;面釉的始融温度过低,则会导致釉面出现针孔,光泽度过高,防滑效果差。
在一些实施方式中,所述柔光面釉可以采用淋釉的方式进行施加,喷釉的方式容易导致釉面厚度不均,产品出现色差,影响外观质量。所述柔光面釉的比重可以为1.86~1.88,施釉量可以为430~460g/m2。施釉量超出上述范围,会导致釉面的光泽度偏高,防滑效果差。
在施加柔光面釉的砖坯表面喷墨打印图案。在一些实施方式中,可以在施加柔光面釉的超白坯体表面喷墨打印仿石材纹理,优选采用数码喷墨打印机打印,同时喷墨打印数码定位胶水图案。其中,所述喷墨打印图案所使用的陶瓷墨水可以为蓝色、棕色、橘黄色、黑色、柠檬黄、包裹红。所述数码定位胶水是一种应用于喷墨打印的功能胶水,根据所需图案打印具备粘附性的固定胶水(数码喷印),经过烧制,砖面图案经光线折射可呈现闪闪发亮的特性。
其中,所述喷墨打印胶水的出墨量在18g/m2以上时能达到所需的最佳亮光效果。此外,由于单个喷头需满状态运作才能达到出墨量要求,所以喷墨打印数码胶水时可以采用两组喷头的方式进行打印,从而利于稳定生产以及良好亮光效果产生。优选地,当采用两组喷头的方式进行打印时,每个喷头的的出墨量可以控制为18-25g/m2。若超出此范围,两组喷头出墨量过高,墨水堆积过多,容易造成排墨凹釉。将出墨量范围控制在18-25g/m2,同时合理调控釉面光度以及烧成温度能够获得较佳的亮度效果。
在一些实施方式中,所述数码胶水的化学组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:58.68~62.63%、Al2O3:3.5~5.6%、Fe2O3:0.03~0.12%、CaO:14.21~15.68%、MgO:1.05~1.46%、K2O:2.62~3.26%、Na2O:0.35~0.96%、TiO2:0.02~0.07%、BaO:0.05~0.09%、ZnO:9.55~11.26%、ZrO2:0.07~1.18%、烧失:3.0~4.0%。作为一个示例,所述数码胶水的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:60.61%、Al2O3:4.9%、Fe2O3:0.09%、CaO:14.95%、MgO:1.32%、K2O:2.89%、Na2O:0.77%、TiO2:0.05%、BaO:0.06%、ZnO:10.98%、ZrO2:0.09%、烧失:3.29%。数码胶水的亮度受后述砖面光度影响比较大,与出墨量大小不成正比关系,当砖面光度在7度以下,数码胶水呈现暗哑状,亮光效果不明显;砖面光度在15度以上,数码胶水的光度被砖面光度所遮盖,亮光效果不突出;在8-14的区间范围,亮光效果良好,10度左右效果最佳。
在喷墨打印图案后的砖坯表面施柔光保护釉。通过施加柔光保护釉可以促进釉面手感,控制釉面光度,提升釉面防污效果,保护釉面减少磨损。
在一些实施方式中,所述柔光保护釉的化学组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:43.62~46.58%、Al2O3:14.52~17.67%、Fe2O3:0.78~0.96%、CaO:5.72~7.12%、TiO2:0.02~0.08%、MgO:4.88~5.95%、K2O:0.88~1.23%、Na2O:3.42~3.86%、BaO:6.28~6.96%、ZnO:5.11~5.67%、SrCO3:3.42~3.96%、烧失:5.5~6.0%。作为示例,所述柔光保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:45.31%、Al2O3:15.53%、Fe2O3:0.86%、CaO:6.71%、TiO2:0.06%、MgO:5.3%、K2O:1.01%、Na2O:3.69%、BaO:6.68%、ZnO:5.34%、SrCO3:3.88%、烧失:5.63%。其中,对于光泽度和釉面手感而言,SiO2和Al2O3主要调节釉面熔融温度,增强釉的高温粘度,含量过高会导致釉面光度低,手感越粗糙,同时开裂、堆釉、针孔等缺陷会增多。此外,当釉面中CaO、MgO、Na2O等低温料含量过高时,会导致釉面手感过于光滑,容易产生划痕,釉面光度也会过高。
在一些实施方式中,所述柔光保护釉的原料组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,钾长石5~7%,钠长石35~40%,碳酸钡5~7%,烧滑石9~13%,氧化锌2~6%,水洗高岭土5~8%,煅烧高岭土1~4%,方解石6~10%,白云石5~8%,煅烧氧化铝2~6%,碳酸锶1~4%,高温熔块6~10%。作为示例,所述柔光保护釉的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,钾长石6%,钠长石37%,碳酸钡6%,烧滑石11%,氧化锌4%,水洗高岭土6%,煅烧高岭土2%,方解石8%,白云石6%,煅烧氧化铝4%,碳酸锶2%,高温熔块8%。釉料的配方组成会影响釉的始熔温度、高温粘度和表面张力,而这些因素又直接影响釉面的平滑程度,进而影响光泽度。本发明中通过煅烧高岭土的加入调节保护釉的成熟温度、加入煅烧氧化铝可以调节釉面光度,提高釉的始融点,减少针孔等表面缺陷;同时引入高温熔块扩展了釉料的熔融烧成温度,保证了喷墨墨水在不同条件下的发色稳定性。
其中,所述高温熔块的加入能够降低烧成温度,提高釉面质量,减少釉面缺陷,稳定釉面光泽度,作为助溶剂使用能够方便调整釉料的使用温度,缩短烧成周期,实现低温快烧工艺。其中,所述高温熔块的化学组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:66.71%、Al2O3:2.86%、Fe2O3:0.24%、CaO:7.28%、TiO2:0.09%、MgO:0.89%、K2O:1.06%、Na2O:5.31%、ZnO:4.21%、CaF2:2.53%、BaO:6.07%、烧失:2.75%。所述高温熔块的原料组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,方解石20%,白云石1%,硅灰石4%,烧滑石30%,氧化锌3%,高岭土23%,氧化铝8%,石英6%,萤石5%。
在一些实施方式中,所述柔光保护釉的始熔温度可以控制为1030-1080℃。柔光保护釉的始融温度过低,会导致釉面手感光滑,防滑效果相对较差,容易产生划痕,同时保护釉光泽度会偏高,无法达到10度的理想柔光釉面光度效果,也会掩盖数码胶水的闪光效果。优选地,可以控制柔光面釉的始融温度高于柔光保护釉60~90℃,这样可以稳定配方结构,釉面效果最佳。
在一些实施方式中,所述柔光保护釉的施加方式可以为淋釉,喷釉容易导致釉面厚度不均,砖面光度偏差大,易出现色差,影响外观质量。所述柔光保护釉的比重可以控制为1.33~1.35,施釉量可以控制为160~180g/m2。如果柔光保护釉的施釉量超出上述范围,会导致釉层过厚,容易产生缩釉,同时容易掩盖数码胶水,影响数码胶水的亮光效果;柔光保护釉施釉量过少,釉层过薄,烧成后釉面上的痕迹粗糙,且釉面光泽不良。
干燥、烧成。将施加柔光保护釉后的砖坯进行干燥,然后进行烧成,可以得到所述具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖。其中,所述干燥的温度可以为90-100℃,干燥时间可以为5-10min。烧成温度可以为1200~1220℃,烧成周期可以为40~60min。烧成温度过高,烧成周期过短,会导致烧成产品会变形,釉面不平,出现切割裂的情况;烧成温度过低,坯体达不到完全烧结状态,会出现夹层现象,坯体硬度差。
磨边分级、打包入库。
本发明通过坯体增白,优化配方体系,提高瓷砖的致密度,硬度达到莫氏7级,坯体白度超过50度;研制柔光面釉配方,实现产品表面达到细腻顺滑的效果。釉料配方,制釉工艺,烧成制度,这些因素相互联系又相互制约。依照空间光学折射规律,砖面光度主要受柔光保护釉最表面的一层釉的光度影响,通过调整柔光保护釉料中Al2O3的含量,可以将瓷砖产品表面反光控制在10度左右(比如8-10度)的柔光水平,若砖面光度过高,则适当引入Al2O3以降低砖面光度。此外,本发明创新性引入墨水性能的数码胶水定位布施图案,烧成后经光线折射,闪现出珍珠般的光华,研制出具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖。
下面进一步例举实施例以详细说明本发明。同样应理解,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例,即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适的范围内选择,而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。
实施例1
具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖的制备:
1.将坯体粉料压制成型为超白砖坯。所述超白坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:65.67%、Al2O3:20.33%、Fe2O3:0.17%、TiO2:0.07%、CaO:0.48%、MgO:2.06%、K2O:3.46%、Na2O:2.96%、烧失:4.8%。超白坯体的白度为50度。
2.在干燥后的超白砖坯表面施柔光面釉。所述柔光面釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:55.8%、Al2O3:26.23%、Fe2O3:0.21%、CaO:0.35%、TiO2:0.13%、MgO:1.77%、K2O:5.27%、Na2O:2.14%、ZrO2:6.53%,烧失:1.57%。所述柔光面釉的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,硅酸锆10%,氧化铝10%,煅烧高岭土10%,高岭土5%,钾长石60%,烧滑石5%。采用淋釉方式淋柔光面釉,釉料比重1.86,施釉量为430g/m2。
3.在施加柔光面釉的砖坯表面喷墨打印图案。采用数码喷墨打印机在施加柔光面釉的超白坯体表面喷墨打印仿石材纹理,同时喷墨打印数码定位胶水图案。喷墨打印数码胶水采用两组喷头的方式进行打印,每个喷头的的出墨量分别为18g/m2、20g/m2。所述数码胶水的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:60.61%、Al2O3:4.9%、Fe2O3:0.09%、CaO:14.95%、MgO:1.32%、K2O:2.89%、Na2O:0.77%、TiO2:0.05%、BaO:0.06%、ZnO:10.98%、ZrO2:0.09%、烧失:3.29%。
4.在喷墨打印图案后的砖坯表面施柔光保护釉。所述柔光保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:45.31%、Al2O3:15.53%、Fe2O3:0.86%、CaO:6.71%、TiO2:0.06%、MgO:5.3%、K2O:1.01%、Na2O:3.69%、BaO:6.68%、ZnO:5.34%、SrCO3:3.88%、烧失:5.63%。所述柔光保护釉的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,钾长石6%,钠长石37%,碳酸钡6%,烧滑石11%,氧化锌4%,水洗高岭土6%,煅烧高岭土2%,方解石8%,白云石6%,煅烧氧化铝4%,碳酸锶2%,高温熔块8%。所述高温熔块的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:66.71%、Al2O3:2.86%、Fe2O3:0.24%、CaO:7.28%、TiO2:0.09%、MgO:0.89%、K2O:1.06%、Na2O:5.31%、ZnO:4.21%、CaF2:2.53%、BaO:6.07%、烧失:2.75%;原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,方解石20%,白云石1%,硅灰石4%,烧滑石30%,氧化锌3%,高岭土23%,氧化铝8%,石英6%,萤石5%。采用淋釉的方式施加柔光保护釉,柔光保护釉的比重为1.33,施釉量为160g/m2。
5.干燥、烧成。将施加柔光保护釉后的砖坯在95℃下干燥8min,然后在1210℃下烧成48min,得到具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖。
6.磨边分级,打包入库。
图1、2为被发明实施例1制备得到的具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖样品的砖面效果图。
对比例1
本对比例制备工艺参照实施例1,主要区别在于:所述柔光保护釉的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,钾长石6%,钠长石41%,碳酸钡8%,烧滑石6%,氧化锌4%,水洗高岭土6%,煅烧高岭土2%,方解石6%,白云石6%,煅烧氧化铝8%,碳酸锶2%,高温熔块5%。所述柔光保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:44.29%、Al2O3:19.86%、Fe2O3:0.19%、CaO:6.46%、TiO2:0.07%、MgO:5.23%、K2O:0.94%、Na2O:3.12%、BaO:6.52%、ZnO:4.35%、SrCO3:3.88%、烧失:5.09%。所述柔光保护釉的比重为1.34,施釉量为170g/m2。
本对比例采用的柔光保护釉中高温熔块配方成份减少,钠长石、煅烧氧化铝配方成份增加,釉面光泽度只有6~7度,釉面光泽度偏低,且釉面手感粗糙,数码胶水亮光效果较差,导致制备的瓷质砖样品存在针孔、釉面不平、防污差等缺陷。
对比例2
本对比例制备工艺参照实施例1,主要区别在于:所述柔光保护釉的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,钾长石10%,钠长石32%,碳酸钡6%,烧滑石10%,氧化锌4%,水洗高岭土8%,煅烧高岭土2%,方解石8%,白云石8%,煅烧氧化铝3%,碳酸锶2%,高温熔块7%。所述柔光保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:41.82%、Al2O3:12.75%、Fe2O3:0.88%、CaO:9.37%、TiO2:0.05%、MgO:6.77%、K2O:1.78%、Na2O:4.11%、BaO:7.44%、ZnO:5.62%、SrCO3:3.86%、烧失:5.55%。所述柔光保护釉的比重为1.34,施釉量为170g/m2。
柔光保护釉中钾长石成份增加、煅烧氧化铝含量相对降低,釉面中CaO、MgO、Na2O等低温料含量增高,釉面光泽度达到15~18度,釉面光泽度偏高,掩盖了数码胶水亮光效果,视觉上与釉面光度不能形成明显的反差,同时釉面触感过于光滑,砖面摩擦系数降低,防滑效果差。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
将坯体粉料压制成型为白度在50度以上的超白砖坯;
在超白砖坯表面施柔光面釉;所述柔光面釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:52.7~58.9%、Al2O3:24.3~27.5%、Fe2O3:0.11~0.26%、CaO:0.22~0.41%、TiO2:0.08~0.15%、MgO:1.25~1.88%、K2O:4.28~5.66%、Na2O:1.88~2.35%、ZrO2:1.96~6.53%、烧失:1.57~4.5%;
在施加柔光面釉的砖坯表面喷墨打印仿石材纹理,同时喷墨打印数码胶水图案;所述数码胶水的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:58.68~62.63%、Al2O3:3.5~5.6%、Fe2O3:0.03~0.12%、CaO:14.21~15.68%、MgO:1.05~1.46%、K2O:2.62~3.26%、Na2O:0.35~0.96%、TiO2:0.02~0.07%、BaO:0.05~0.09%、ZnO:9.55~11.26%、ZrO2:0.07~1.18%、烧失:3.0~4.0%;
在喷墨打印数码胶水图案后的砖坯表面施柔光保护釉;所述柔光保护釉的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:43.62~46.58%、Al2O3:14.52~17.67%、Fe2O3:0.78~0.96%、CaO:5.72~7.12%、TiO2:0.02~0.08%、MgO:4.88~5.95%、K2O:0.88~1.23%、Na2O:3.42~3.86%、BaO:6.28~6.96%、ZnO:5.11~5.67%、SrCO3:3.42~3.96%、烧失:5.5~6.0%;所述柔光保护釉的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,钾长石5~7%,钠长石35~40%,碳酸钡5~7%,烧滑石9~13%,氧化锌2~6%,水洗高岭土5~8%,煅烧高岭土1~4%,方解石6~10%,白云石5~8%,煅烧氧化铝2~6%,碳酸锶1~4%,高温熔块6~10%;所述高温熔块的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:66.71%、Al2O3:2.86%、Fe2O3:0.24%、CaO:7.28%、TiO2:0.09%、MgO:0.89%、K2O:1.06%、Na2O:5.31%、ZnO:4.21%、CaF 2 :2.53%、BaO:6.07%、烧失:2.75%;所述柔光保护釉的施加方式为淋釉;所述柔光保护釉的比重为1.33~1.35,施釉量为160~180g/m2;
干燥、烧成,得到所述具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超白坯体的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2:65.21~68.63%、Al2O3:18.63~22.05%、Fe2O3:0.08~0.25%、TiO2:0.05~0.09%、CaO:0.3~0.6%、MgO:1.93~2.35%、K2O:3.23~3.88%、Na2O:2.65~3.17%、烧失:4.5~5.0%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高温熔块的原料组成包括:以质量百分比计,方解石20%,白云石1%,硅灰石4%,烧滑石30%,氧化锌3%,高岭土23%,氧化铝8%,石英6%,萤石5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述柔光面釉的始熔温度为1080-1120℃,所述柔光保护釉的始熔温度为1030-1080℃,控制所述柔光面釉的始融温度高于柔光保护釉60~90℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,烧成温度为1200~1220℃,烧成周期为40~60min。
6.一种根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的制备方法得到的具有珠光质感柔光的超白坯体瓷质砖。
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