CN116895867A - Recycling process of lithium ion battery anode material - Google Patents
Recycling process of lithium ion battery anode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN116895867A CN116895867A CN202311037674.4A CN202311037674A CN116895867A CN 116895867 A CN116895867 A CN 116895867A CN 202311037674 A CN202311037674 A CN 202311037674A CN 116895867 A CN116895867 A CN 116895867A
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- lithium
- ion battery
- lithium ion
- powder
- pole piece
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ILYSAKHOYBPSPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ILYSAKHOYBPSPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].OP(O)([O-])=O SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 and in this example Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion battery anode material recovery process, which comprises the following steps: selecting the disassembled lithium ion battery anode material to prepare powder, then screening out lithium source material powder with different fineness grades, and testing the Li content of the raw material powder to ensure that the Li content is more than or equal to 4.0%; fully soaking the raw material powder by using an organic solvent, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic vibration screening to separate the pole piece part from the aluminum foil in the raw material powder; the pole piece part is sintered after being cleaned and filtered, and is sieved, refined and mixed in a dehumidifying environment. According to the invention, the organic adhesive between the aluminum foil and the pole piece is dissolved in the organic solvent in a mode of soaking in the organic solvent, and the aluminum foil and the pole piece are thoroughly separated by utilizing the assistance of an ultrasonic vibration sieve; the invention has the advantages that after the organic solvent is soaked, the high-temperature sintering process is also carried out, so that not only can part of the adhesive without the solvent be further combusted and discharged, but also the residual organic solvent can be removed, and the purity of the obtained product is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste gas battery recovery, in particular to a lithium ion battery anode material recovery process.
Background
In recent years, environmental problems caused by discarding lithium ion batteries have attracted public attention. The need to extract raw materials from a limited supply in the earth is reduced if the available materials can be recovered from the used batteries. In addition, if the used lithium ion battery is recyclable, significant negative environmental impact caused by mining and processing of ore can be avoided.
In the year 2016, 12, the industrial information department issues a temporary method for recycling and managing the power storage battery of the new energy automobile, which makes sure that an automobile production enterprise bears the main responsibility of recycling the power storage battery, requires a producer to take responsibility in the whole life cycle of the product, connects production and recycling in series, and improves the recycling rate. The european union committee promulgates new european batteries for the year 2020, 12, aiming to ensure that batteries put into the european union market have sustainability and safety throughout the life cycle. Under a large environment, various battery manufacturers such as Ningde times, biedi, middle-navigation lithium batteries, guozhen high-power and ultra-power are actively distributing lithium batteries for recycling.
The methods for recycling lithium battery materials on the market generally comprise the following steps: physical methods (including crushing and sorting processes), chemical methods (including pyrometallurgical and wet recovery processes), biological metallurgical techniques, and the like. These methods are relatively effective for recovering lithium, cobalt, phosphorus, iron, etc. materials in lithium ion batteries, but they also have a common problem in that the purity of the recovered materials is insufficient. Because the pole piece of the lithium ion battery needs to be matched with the foil to realize good functions, and the aluminum foil is the current foil with highest neutral price ratio, most of pole pieces of the lithium ion battery are tightly adhered with the aluminum foil. The current recovery method is difficult to effectively separate the pole piece from the foil, so that the recovery material contains higher aluminum impurities, the purity of the lithium ion material is influenced, and the subsequent reutilization is prevented.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a lithium ion battery anode material recovery process, which solves the problems that the pole piece and the foil are difficult to separate by the lithium ion battery anode material recovery method in the prior art, so that the aluminum impurity in the recovered material is higher.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a lithium ion battery anode material recovery process comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a disassembled lithium ion battery anode material, cutting the disassembled lithium ion battery anode material into small pieces, crushing the small pieces into powder, sieving the powder by a 50-200-mesh multi-stage vibrating screen to obtain lithium source material powder with different fineness grades, and sieving the powder materials with different grades to remove impurities to obtain raw material powder;
s2, testing the Li content of the raw material powder, and if the Li content is less than or equal to 4.0%, adding a lithium supplementing agent and uniformly mixing to ensure that the Li content is more than or equal to 4.0%;
s3, adding an organic solvent with the mass fraction of 0.5% -5% into the pure water, then adding the raw material powder, fully soaking for 1-5 min, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic vibration screening to separate the pole piece part from the aluminum foil; the aluminum foil is recovered after being dried, and the pole piece part is sintered after being cleaned and filtered, and finally the pole piece part is placed in a dehumidification environment to be sieved, refined and mixed, so that the required recovered anode material is obtained.
Preferably, the organic solvent comprises one or more of phenylbenzoic acid, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, ethanol and liquid ammonia.
Preferably, the power density of the ultrasonic vibration screening is 30-50 HZ.
Preferably, the cleaning and filtering of the pole piece part comprises: cleaning the wet material by pure water for 1 to 5 times, then performing filter pressing, crushing the wet material, and then flashing at 100 to 200 ℃.
Preferably, the sintering temperature is 400-800 ℃, the time is 3-10 h, and the discharging temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
Preferably, the lithium supplementing agent comprises one or more of lithium phosphate, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium dihydrogen phosphate or lithium sulfate and lithium oxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method is used for treating raw materials with higher aluminum content, and the organic adhesive between the aluminum foil and the pole pieces is dissolved in the organic solvent in a mode of soaking in the organic solvent, so that the connecting structure between the aluminum foil and the pole pieces is completely invalid, and the aluminum foil and the pole pieces are completely separated by utilizing the assistance of an ultrasonic vibration sieve, and the aluminum foil is large in particle size but clear, the pole pieces are small in particle size but heavy, the aluminum foil can flow out through ultrasonic circulation cleaning, the pole pieces are adhered to the filter bags, and lithium source raw materials can be recovered through cleaning the filter bags at regular time;
2. according to the invention, a high-temperature sintering process is also carried out after the organic solvent is soaked, so that not only can part of the adhesive without the solvent be further combusted and discharged, but also the residual organic solvent can be removed, and the purity of the obtained product is greatly improved;
3. the invention also carries out the cleaning process after the organic solvent is soaked and screened out, not only the solvent is cleaned by clean water, but also the organic solvent is evaporated in a flash evaporation mode in advance, so that a cleaner material is obtained and then enters the next step, and the possibility of reintroducing impurities in the process is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by referring to examples.
The waste lithium ion batteries used in the embodiment of the invention all adopt the Ningde 280Ah square aluminum shell battery cells.
Before formally recycling the positive electrode material, stripping the pole piece of the positive electrode material from the waste battery by adopting the following steps:
disassembling the module battery into single batteries, and then screening the single batteries by appearance to select the battery with obvious damage and serious damage as the battery to be disassembled; grading the rest batteries after charge and discharge aging treatment, and carrying out degradation treatment on part of the batteries which can be degraded according to the battery grade, wherein part of the batteries which cannot be degraded are used as the batteries to be disassembled;
discharging the battery to be disassembled to be less than or equal to 2.5V, disassembling the battery, separating positive and negative pole pieces of the disassembled winding core, and then soaking the separated pole pieces respectively through organic solution, wherein the organic solution is phenylbenzoic acid, so that the preliminary separation of the foil and the pole pieces is realized, and meanwhile, the electrolyte and the adhesive are partially eliminated.
Example 1:
taking 20kg of the positive electrode plate material obtained in the previous step, firstly cutting into small pieces, grinding and crushing the small pieces into powder, then passing through a 50-200-mesh multi-stage vibrating screen, wherein the difference between each vibrating screen and the multi-stage vibrating screen is 50 meshes, screening lithium source material powder with different fineness grades, respectively screening powder materials with different grades to remove impurities to obtain raw material powder, testing the Li content of the raw material powder, and detecting the Li content to be 2.8%.
The pure water was added with 0.5% by mass of an organic solvent and 2% by mass of lithium oxide, and in this example, phenylbenzoic acid was used as the organic solvent. Then adding raw material powder and fully soaking for 30min, simultaneously carrying out high-power ultrasonic oscillation, wherein the power density of ultrasonic oscillation screening is 30Hz, so that fine aluminum foil in the raw material powder is dissolved, then cleaning the raw material powder for 3 times by pure water, then carrying out filter pressing, crushing wet materials, and then carrying out flash evaporation at 100 ℃. And then sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 400 ℃, the time is 10 hours, and the discharging temperature is 55 ℃. Finally, the mixture is placed in a dehumidifying environment and sieved and refined by a 400-mesh sieve, and the Li content is tested to be 4.4 percent and the Al content is tested to be 425ppm, so that the required lithium source reclaimed material is obtained.
Example 2:
taking 20kg of the positive electrode plate material obtained in the previous step, firstly cutting into small pieces, grinding and crushing the small pieces into powder, then passing through a 50-200-mesh multi-stage vibrating screen, wherein the difference between each vibrating screen and the multi-stage vibrating screen is 50 meshes, screening lithium source material powder with different fineness grades, respectively screening the powder materials with different grades to remove impurities to obtain raw material powder, testing the Li content of the raw material powder, and detecting the Li content to be 4.8%.
Adding 3% of organic solvent into pure water, wherein the organic solvent is alkaline solution, adding raw material powder, fully soaking for 10min, simultaneously carrying out high-power ultrasonic vibration, wherein the power density of ultrasonic vibration screening is 40Hz, dissolving fine aluminum foil in the raw material powder, cleaning for 4 times by using pure water, then carrying out filter pressing, crushing wet materials, and then carrying out flash evaporation at 200 ℃. Sintering is carried out, the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the time is 3 hours, and the discharging temperature is 57 ℃. Finally, the mixture is placed in a dehumidifying environment and sieved and refined by a 300-mesh sieve, the content of Li is tested to be 4.6 percent, the content of Al is tested to be 354ppm, and the required lithium source reclaimed material is obtained through testing.
Example 3:
taking 20kg of the positive electrode plate material obtained in the previous step, firstly cutting into small pieces, grinding and crushing the small pieces into powder, then passing through a 50-200-mesh multi-stage vibrating screen, wherein the difference between each vibrating screen and the multi-stage vibrating screen is 50 meshes, screening lithium source material powder with different fineness grades, respectively screening powder materials with different grades to remove impurities to obtain raw material powder, testing the Li content of the raw material powder, and detecting the Li content to be 4.3%.
The pure water is added with 5% of organic solvent by mass, and the organic solvent in the embodiment is a mixture of acetone, ethanol and liquid ammonia in equal proportion. Then adding raw material powder and fully soaking for 60min, simultaneously carrying out high-power ultrasonic oscillation, wherein the power density of ultrasonic oscillation screening is 50Hz, so that fine aluminum foil in the raw material powder is dissolved, cleaning the pole piece material by pure water for 5 times (adding 0.2% of lithium source in the last cleaning) and then carrying out filter pressing, crushing the wet material, and then carrying out flash evaporation at 150 ℃. And then sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 650 ℃, the time is 6 hours, and the discharging temperature is 41 ℃. Finally, the mixture is placed in a dehumidifying environment and sieved and refined by a 500-mesh sieve, and the Li content is tested to be 4.3 percent and the Al content is tested to be 436ppm, so that the required lithium source reclaimed material is obtained.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The lithium ion battery anode material recovery process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting a disassembled lithium ion battery anode material, cutting the disassembled lithium ion battery anode material into small pieces, crushing the small pieces into powder, sieving the powder by a 50-200-mesh multi-stage vibrating screen to obtain lithium source material powder with different fineness grades, and sieving the powder materials with different grades to remove impurities to obtain raw material powder;
s2, testing the Li content of the raw material powder, and if the Li content is less than or equal to 4.0%, adding a lithium supplementing agent and uniformly mixing to ensure that the Li content is more than or equal to 4.0%;
s3, adding an organic solvent with the mass fraction of 0.5% -5% into the pure water, then adding the raw material powder, fully soaking for 1-5 min, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic vibration screening to separate the pole piece part from the aluminum foil; the aluminum foil is recovered after being dried, and the pole piece part is sintered after being cleaned and filtered, and finally the pole piece part is placed in a dehumidification environment to be sieved, refined and mixed, so that the required recovered anode material is obtained.
2. The process for recycling a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the organic solvent comprises one or more of phenylbenzoic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidone, acetone, ethanol and liquid ammonia.
3. The process for recycling a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the power density of the ultrasonic oscillation screening is 30-50 HZ.
4. The process for recycling a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the cleaning and filtering of the pole piece part comprises the following steps: cleaning the wet material by pure water for 1 to 5 times, then performing filter pressing, crushing the wet material, and then flashing at 100 to 200 ℃.
5. The process for recycling a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the sintering temperature is 400-800 ℃, the time is 3-10 h, and the discharging temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
6. The process for recycling a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the lithium supplementing agent comprises one or a mixture of more of lithium phosphate, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium dihydrogen phosphate or lithium sulfate and lithium oxide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311037674.4A CN116895867A (en) | 2023-08-17 | 2023-08-17 | Recycling process of lithium ion battery anode material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311037674.4A CN116895867A (en) | 2023-08-17 | 2023-08-17 | Recycling process of lithium ion battery anode material |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116895867A true CN116895867A (en) | 2023-10-17 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311037674.4A Pending CN116895867A (en) | 2023-08-17 | 2023-08-17 | Recycling process of lithium ion battery anode material |
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