CN1168517C - High-efficiency guide sieve-plate tower - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high efficient guide sieve plate tower. Guide holes are arranged on a tower plate which is provided with a sieve hole, and each guide hole is a bulge which is connected with the power plate. Seams are arranged on the lateral surfaces of the guide holes, and the horizontal center lines of the seams are parallel to the horizontal direction of the power plate to lead gas ejected by the guide holes to completely impel liquid to advance in the horizontal direction. In different zones of the power plate, the guide holes are distributed in a non-uniform mode, and corners are arranged in the symmetrical central line direction of the power plate and in the central line direction of an overflowing dam of the power plate. Liquid streams in different zones on the power plate are prompted to be uniformly distributed and stable. Simultaneously, a bubble promoting device is arranged on the upstream zone of the tower plate, the thickness of a liquid layer in the upstream zone is reduced, and liquid is induced and promoted to generate bubbles. The present invention has the advantages of improving the production capacity and the separation efficiency of a heat conducting device and a mass transfer device.

Description

High-efficiency guide sieve-plate tower

Technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of plate column equipment that is used for gas-liquid mass transfer, diabatic process, particularly to the improvement of sieve-plate tower column plate.

Background technology: when plate column is used for mass transport process,, a liquid level drop is so just arranged on column plate because material needs from the upstream flow further downstream, and if material viscosity big more, liquid flowing route is long more, the liquid level drop is just big more.The existence of liquid level drop, cause upstream material liquid layer abundant and downstream material liquid layer is thinner, be difficult to pass column plate at the upstream uprising gas like this and cause liquid bubbling on the column plate, blow open at the liquid layer that descends the conference of faint breath speed mistake to approach excessively, gas-liquid can not evenly flow on column plate, has reduced plate efficiency and production capacity.So it is the key of plate column design that gas-liquid is evenly flowed on each column plate.Chinese patent 912070846 discloses a kind of low-temperature fractionating tower linde sieve tray, this patent on column plate except that being evenly distributed with sieve aperture, also be evenly distributed with pilot hole, and the vertical line on the symmetrical center line of this pilot hole and sieve plate plane constitutes acute angle, make air-flow tilt to spray upward like this by this hole, in the horizontal direction component promotes liquid and flows along column plate when utilizing gas tiltedly to spray, and the thickness difference of the whole liquid layer on the sieve plate is reduced, and reaches the effect that improves uniform gas-liquid distribution.But this patent adopts in the same way, equally distributed pilot hole, can not satisfy even, the stable needs that distribute of column plate liquid stream fully, because usually in circular column plate intermediate liquid flows faster, and the both sides liquid flow is slower, especially liquid stream is inhomogeneous in the arcuate region of column plate both sides, even can make both sides backmixing of liquid phase occur, reduce plate efficiency.In addition, be with droplet to enter the upper strata column plate easily, causing the entrainment phenomenon from the air-flow of pilot hole oblique top ejection.In addition, this patent does not overcome " disactivation district " problem that column plate commonly used at present exists, that is: at the upstream region of liquid stream, because liquid is the process that flows down from downspout, discharged contained gas, therefore the liquid that has just entered upstream region is tangible liquid, the gas that is difficult to be risen passes and shape is played bubbling (gas-liquid is carried out mass transfer on the bubbling surface), on column plate, form like this in " disactivation district ", generally reach about 30%, influence plate efficiency and production capacity greatly.When gradient of liquid level is bigger, when liquid reaches on the column plate of upper strata downflow weir in downspout greatly, liquid flooding will appear, this moment, the liquid stream of upper strata column plate did not get off, the liquid of every layer of column plate all can flow on the whole tower, and the operation of the tower state that paralyses needs to stop and handles.

Summary of the invention: the present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, solve column plate zones of different gas-liquid stable, evenly distribute and reduce the technical problem that column plate " disactivation district " etc. influences plate efficiency, design a kind of high-efficiency guide sieve plate, thereby increase substantially the separative efficiency and the production capacity of guide sieve-plate tower, can prevent simultaneously that stifled tower and liquid flooding from taking place, and especially is fit to the rectifying of high-viscosity material.

The main technical schemes that the present invention takes: comprise that seal pot, downspout, downflow weir are arranged on column plate, tower body, the column plate, be provided with pilot hole having on the column plate of sieve aperture, each pilot hole is the projection of cracking and link to each other with column plate in the side, and horizontal center line that cracks and column plate horizontal direction parallel advance the complete along continuous straight runs promotion of the gas liquid of pilot hole ejection.In the zones of different of column plate, pilot hole is non-uniform Distribution, and the downflow weir centerline direction of its symmetrical center line and column plate has 0-90 ° of corner, impel on the column plate zones of different liquid distributions evenly, stable.From the gas-liquid momentum balance of column plate zones of different, the distribution of pilot hole and corner promote liquid according to the gas from the pilot hole ejection and advance, and the momentum that passes to liquid overcomes the principle layout that the needed momentum of advance resistance equates with liquid.In addition, in order effectively to reduce " disactivation district ", the present invention is provided with the sloping platform shape bubbling promoters of projection on column plate, and the liquid layer thickness of upstream region is reduced, and the trace of liquid stream is changed, and induces and promotes liquid generation bubbling.The horizontal direction of this promoters lee side and column plate is 1-30 ° of inclination angle.

In addition, the present invention is provided with the deflector of inducing liquid to flow to the both sides arcuate region on column plate.Column plate is flowed evenly.

Have breach on the downflow weir, control liquid flow path plays uniform effect.

Above-mentioned pilot hole distributes and corner is arranged according to the velocity distribution formulas of liquid zones of different on the following column plate definite:

$\frac{\∂{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{\∂x}+\frac{\∂{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{\∂y}=0---\left(1\right)$

$\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{D{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{\mathrm{Dt}}=-\frac{\∂\stackrel{\‾}{P}}{\∂x}+{\mathrm{\μ}}_t(\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{{\∂x}^2}+\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{{\∂y}^2})-\frac{1}{h}({\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{sx}}+{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vx}}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vx}}^{\′})---\left(2\right)$

$\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{D{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{\mathrm{Dt}}=-\frac{\∂\stackrel{\‾}{P}}{\∂y}+{\mathrm{\μ}}_t(\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{{\∂y}^2}+\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{{\∂x}^2})-\frac{1}{h}({\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{sy}}+{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vy}}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vy}}^{\′})---\left(3\right)$

In the formula:

P---the suffered pressure of micro unit flows; ρ---fluid density;

---speed u is to the material derivative of t: μ _t---coefficient of eddy viscosity;

u _x, u _y---the velocity vector of liquid; H---height of liquid layer;

τ _Sx, τ _Sy---the unit are plate is in the face of the drag force of the micro unit that flows;

τ _Vx, τ _Vy---the momentum that unit are plate face per second was taken away when gas passed liquid layer;

τ ' _Vx, τ ' _Vy---pilot hole gas per second is brought the momentum in the liquid layer into;

The corner of the downflow weir centerline direction of above-mentioned column plate pilot hole symmetrical center line and column plate is 0-30 ° of range in the column plate central area, be 0-90 ° of range at the both sides arcuate region.

The sloping platform shape bubbling promoters of above-mentioned projection is that the cross section is the triangular hill sloping platform.

The projection that above-mentioned pilot hole links to each other with column plate is arc transition, to making crack horizontal center line and column plate horizontal direction parallel.

Effect of the present invention

1, the present invention rationally is provided with and the distribution pilot hole according to column plate zones of different liquid stream needs stable, that evenly flow, and the crack direction and the horizontal direction parallel of pilot hole, make the gas that sprays from wherein, liquid evenly advances on the level promotion column plate, it is flowed approach " piston flow ", improved the mass-transfer efficiency of column plate.Simultaneously, strengthen material flowing on column plate, avoided the liquid level drop of viscous material, major diameter tower etc. greatly, easily to block up problems such as tower, liquid flooding, entrainment, backmixing of liquid phase.

2, the bubbling promoters that is located at liquid stream upstream is induced the liquid bubbling, has eliminated " the disactivation district " on the column plate (can reduce to about 5% by 30%) substantially.Increase number of bubbles and gas-liquid contact area on the column plate, improved plate efficiency significantly.Gas-liquid channel and output of column have been increased simultaneously.

The present invention makes plate efficiency improve 20～50%, and production capacity improves more than 30～80%, has improved product quality, has reduced and has produced consumption, energy-conservationly reaches 5096 (comparing with bubble tower), can expand production 100%.And in light weight, cost is low, its cost is equivalent to 40～50% of bubble cap plate, 60～70% of valve plate has reduced one-time investment.

The specific embodiment:

Fig. 1 is a guide sieve-plate tower partial structurtes schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of figure l

Fig. 3 is a bubbling promoters structure

Fig. 4 is the pilot hole structure chart

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.

Form by weir 14, the outer weir 13 of overflow, deflector 12 in tower body 6, column plate 4, seal pot 1, downspout 2, pilot hole 3, bubbling promoters 5, the overflow as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3 guide sieve-plate tower.On the column plate that has sieve aperture 11, be provided with pilot hole 3, each pilot hole is the projection of arc transition of linking to each other with column plate, cracks in the side, and horizontal center line that cracks and column plate horizontal direction parallel advance the complete along continuous straight runs promotion of the gas liquid of pilot hole ejection.Pilot hole is non-uniform Distribution, crack direction and column plate downflow weir centerline direction corner of pilot hole in the column plate central area is about 0 °, crack direction and column plate downflow weir centerline direction corner of the pilot hole of both sides arcuate region is 1-30 ° and do not wait, each regional pilot hole distribution density of column plate and corner arrange that the flow velocity according to zones of different carries out momentum balance, that is: promote liquid with the gas from the pilot hole ejection and advance, the momentum that passes to liquid overcomes the needed momentum of advance resistance with liquid and equates.The velocity distribution formulas of zones of different:

$\frac{\∂{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{\∂x}+\frac{\∂{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{\∂y}=0---\left(1\right)$

$\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{D{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{\mathrm{Dt}}=-\frac{\∂\stackrel{\‾}{P}}{\∂x}+{\mathrm{\μ}}_t(\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{{\∂x}^2}+\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{{\∂y}^2})-\frac{1}{h}({\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{sx}}+{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vx}}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vx}}^{\′})---\left(2\right)$

$\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{D{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{\mathrm{Dt}}=-\frac{\∂\stackrel{\‾}{P}}{\∂y}+{\mathrm{\μ}}_t(\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{{\∂y}^2}+\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{{\∂x}^2})-\frac{1}{h}({\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{sy}}+{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vy}}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vy}}^{\′})---\left(3\right)$

In the formula:

ρ---fluid density; P---the suffered pressure of micro unit flows;

---speed u is to the material derivative of t; μ _t---coefficient of eddy viscosity;

u _x, u _y---the velocity vector of liquid; H---height of liquid layer;

τ _Sx, τ _Sy---the unit are plate is in the face of the drag force of the micro unit that flows;

τ _Vx, τ _Vy---the momentum that unit are plate face per second was taken away when gas passed liquid layer;

τ ' _Vx, τ ' _Vy---pilot hole gas per second is brought the momentum in the liquid layer into;

In addition, in order effectively to reduce " disactivation district ", the present invention is provided with the sloping platform shape bubbling promoters 5 of projection at the column plate upstream region, and the liquid layer thickness of upstream region is reduced, and the trace of liquid stream is changed, and induces and promotes liquid generation bubbling.The horizontal direction of this promoters lee side and column plate is 1-30 ° of inclination angle.

The course of work of guide sieve-plate tower of the present invention is as follows: the liquid that flows down from upper strata column plate downspout 2, thickness is thinned during through column plate 4 upstream bubbling promoters 5, is induced simultaneously bubble to occur, along the column plate flow further downstream.Gas from column plate 4 belows with certain gas speed by pilot hole on the column plate 3 and sieve aperture 11, the gas by sieve aperture continues to rise to the last layer column plate.Gas level by pilot hole is advanced, and kinetic energy is passed to liquid, thereby promotes that the liquid along continuous straight runs is uniform and stable to flow to more following one deck column plate, and gas then rises to the last layer column plate, finishes the mass transport process of a column plate.Prove that in theory when liquid approached " piston flow " along column plate is evenly mobile, the separative efficiency of column plate was the highest; Rationally be provided with and the distribution pilot hole among the present invention, make the gas that sprays from wherein, liquid evenly advances on the level promotion column plate, it is flowed approach " piston flow ", has improved the mass-transfer efficiency of column plate.Simultaneously, the present invention strengthens material flowing on column plate, has avoided the liquid level drop of viscous material, major diameter tower etc. greatly, easily to block up problems such as tower, liquid flooding.Be located at the bubbling promoters induced flow bubbling of liquid stream upstream, eliminated " the disactivation district " on the column plate substantially, increased number of bubbles and gas-liquid contact area on the column plate, improved plate efficiency significantly.According to this column plate of experiment mass-transfer efficiency is 75～95%, and resistance drop is about 10～40mm water column/plate.Gas-liquid channel and output of column have been increased simultaneously.The present invention can require design tower body diameter and the column plate number of plies is installed according to actual process.

Embodiment 1: at tower diameter is in the guide sieve-plate tower of 1200mm, carrying out methanol-water rectifying separates, pilot hole distributes and calculates with above-mentioned momentum balance formula on the column plate, column plate zone line pilot hole percent opening is 2～4%, and downflow weir centerline direction corner changes between 0 °～30 °, both sides arcuate region pilot hole percent opening is 4～10%, and downflow weir centerline direction corner changes between 0 °～90 °, the bubbling promoters is located at the upstream region of each layer column plate liquid stream, its cross section is the protruding sloping platform of triangular shape, and the horizontal direction of lee side and column plate has 7 ° of inclination angles.In addition, the present invention is provided with the deflector of inducing liquid to flow to the both sides arcuate region on column plate.Make on the column plate liquid flow even.Have breach on the downflow weir, control liquid flow path plays uniform effect.After by this example former sieve-plate tower being transformed, expand production capacity 100%, improve separative efficiency 50%, the cat head methanol quality brings up to 99.9% by 98.5%, methanol content reduces to 0.01% by 0.05% in the tower still discharging raffinate, reflux ratio reduces to 1.8 by 4.28, obtain significantly expand production, energy-conservation, the effect that lowers consumption, improve the quality of products.The operating pressure of tower reduces by 10% simultaneously, has further stablized operation.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of guide sieve-plate tower, comprise tower body (6), column plate (4), seal pot (1), downspout (2), downflow weir, be provided with pilot hole having on the column plate of sieve aperture, it is characterized in that: each pilot hole is the projection of cracking and link to each other with column plate in the side, and horizontal center line that cracks and column plate horizontal direction parallel advance the complete along continuous straight runs promotion of the gas liquid of pilot hole ejection; Zones of different at column plate, pilot hole is non-uniform Distribution, and the downflow weir centerline direction of each pilot hole symmetrical center line and column plate has corner, the distribution of pilot hole and corner promote liquid with the gas from the pilot hole ejection and advance, the momentum that passes to liquid overcomes the principle layout that the needed momentum of advance resistance equates with liquid, on column plate, be provided with the sloping platform shape bubbling promoters of projection, sieve aperture and pilot hole are also arranged on the bubbling promoters.

2, sieve-plate tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that, pilot hole distribution and corner are arranged according to the velocity distribution formulas of liquid zones of different on the following column plate and determined on the column plate:

$\frac{\∂{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{\∂x}+\frac{\∂{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{\∂y}=0---\left(1\right)$

$\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{D{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{\mathrm{Dt}}=-\frac{\∂\stackrel{\‾}{P}}{\∂x}+{\mathrm{\μ}}_t(\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{{\∂x}^2}+\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_x}{{\∂y}^2})-\frac{1}{h}({\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{sx}}+{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vx}}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vx}}^{\′})---\left(2\right)$

$\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{D{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{\mathrm{Dt}}=-\frac{\∂\stackrel{\‾}{P}}{\∂y}+{\mathrm{\μ}}_t(\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{{\∂y}^2}+\frac{{\∂}^2{\stackrel{\‾}{u}}_y}{{\∂x}^2})-\frac{1}{h}({\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{sy}}+{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vy}}-{\mathrm{\τ}}_{\mathrm{vy}}^{\′})---\left(3\right)$

In the formula:

P---the suffered pressure of micro unit flows; ρ---fluid density;

$\frac{{\mathrm{Du}}_x}{\mathrm{Dt}},\frac{{\mathrm{Du}}_y}{\mathrm{Dt}}$ ---speed u is to the material derivative of t; μ _t---coefficient of eddy viscosity;

u _x, u _y---the velocity vector of liquid; H---height of liquid layer;

τ _Sx, τ _Sy---the unit are plate is in the face of the drag force of the micro unit that flows;

τ _Vx, τ _Vy---the momentum that unit are plate face per second was taken away when gas passed liquid layer;

τ _Vx', τ _Vy'---pilot hole gas per second is brought the momentum in the liquid layer into.

3, sieve-plate tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the corner of the downflow weir centerline direction of column plate pilot hole symmetrical center line and column plate is 0-30 ° of range in the column plate central area, be 0-90 ° of range at the both sides arcuate region.

4, sieve-plate tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the projection that pilot hole links to each other with column plate is circular-arc transition, makes crack horizontal center line and column plate horizontal direction parallel.

5, sieve-plate tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the horizontal direction of bubbling promoters lee side and column plate is 1-30 ° of inclination angle.

6, sieve-plate tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that, column plate is provided with the deflector of inducing liquid to flow to the both sides arcuate region.

7, sieve-plate tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that, has breach on the downflow weir.

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