CN116840450B - Rainfall simulation test device and method based on geologic structure deformation process reproduction - Google Patents
Rainfall simulation test device and method based on geologic structure deformation process reproduction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rainfall simulation test device and a rainfall simulation test method based on geological structure deformation process reproduction, wherein the rainfall simulation test device comprises the following steps: the rainfall simulator can be used for lifting and steering adjustment; a simulation box is arranged above the base, a plurality of movable blocks are arranged in the simulation box, and each movable block can be lifted independently; the below of simulation case is provided with the rainwater and collects cloth, and the bottom of rainwater is collected cloth and is provided with a rainwater collection section of thick bamboo, and a rainwater collection section of thick bamboo is fixed on the base, and the bottom side of rainwater collection cloth is provided with the drain valve. The test method comprises the steps S1-S11. The formation process of the fault is reproduced, the reproduction of the fault of the stratum breaking layer is realized, and the influence of the fault, rainfall and vibration on the tunneling of the excavation working face and the ground surface deformation damage is simulated truly. The data and phenomena obtained by the test can truly reflect the influences of faults, fracture change processes, water and soil loss processes and rainfall and vibration on the deformation and damage of the side slope and the earth surface of the target area, and the accuracy and the feasibility are high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological structure evolution research, in particular to a rainfall simulation test device and method based on geological structure deformation process reproduction.
Background
The physical model test method is one of the common methods for the current rock mechanics research, and is an experimental method for placing a field actual scaling model in an experimental body (such as a model frame, a wind tunnel, a water tank and the like), based on a similarity theory, under the condition that basic similarity conditions (including similar geometric, motion, thermal, dynamic and boundary conditions) are met, pushing back a rule among certain quantities obtained through the test on the model to a prototype, so as to obtain the regular recognition of the prototype, and thus simulating the main characteristics of a real process. The similar model test is widely applied to the research fields of water conservancy and hydropower, mining, geology, civil engineering, railway and the like.
At present, a model commonly used in rock stratum movement and deformation research is divided into three types of a three-dimensional model, a plane strain model and a plane stress model according to space forms and stress states; according to similar conditions and experimental purposes, the two models are divided into a geomechanical model and a single-factor similar model. At present, a three-dimensional model, a plane strain model and a plane stress model belong to fixed models, namely test conditions are set in advance before experiments, then the models are paved and excavated, and the defects are that faults and cracks in rock stratum are artificially manufactured in advance, damage influences of faults, cracks and the like in geological structures on surrounding rock mass cannot be accurately and truly reflected through simulation, and then the existing models can only be used for fixed experimental models, and the formation process of terrains and landforms and damage conditions of rock stratum under different terrains and landforms cannot be reproduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rainfall simulation test device and a rainfall simulation test method based on the deformation process reproduction of a geological structure, which can demonstrate the structure change process of a stratum in the test process and reproduce the structure change in the stratum.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the rainfall simulation test device based on the geological structure deformation process reproduction is characterized by comprising a base and a rainfall simulator, wherein supporting rods are arranged at four corners of the base, each supporting rod is provided with a first electric telescopic rod, the upper end of each first electric telescopic rod is provided with a first universal moving mechanism, and the four corners of the lower end of the rainfall simulator are provided with first universal moving mechanisms;
a square simulation box is arranged above the base, the upper end of the simulation box is provided with an opening, the bottom of the simulation box is provided with a plurality of through holes, a plurality of movable blocks are arranged in the simulation box, the movable blocks are horizontally paved into a whole supporting plate, the lower end of each movable block is provided with a second electric telescopic rod, the lower end of each second electric telescopic rod is fixed on a C-shaped sliding block, the bottom of the simulation box is provided with a plurality of sliding rails in parallel, and the C-shaped sliding blocks are movably arranged on the sliding rails;
a rainwater collection cloth is arranged below the simulation box, the rainwater collection cloth is waterproof oxford cloth, the rainwater collection cloth is in a concave hemispherical shape, a plurality of hooks are arranged at the edge of the rainwater collection cloth, and the hooks are hung on the support rods and on hanging rings arranged between the support rods; the bottom of the rainwater collecting cloth is provided with a water outlet, a rainwater collecting cylinder is arranged below the water outlet, the lower end of the rainwater collecting cylinder is provided with a heater and a weighing device, and the rainwater collecting cylinder is arranged on the base;
the four corners of the bottom of the simulation box are respectively provided with a third electric telescopic rod, and the lower ends of the third electric telescopic rods are fixed on the base; a second universal movable mechanism is arranged between the bottom of the simulation box and the upper end of the third electric telescopic rod; the first electric telescopic rod, the second electric telescopic rod, the rainfall simulator and the rainwater collecting cylinder are electrically connected with the test controller.
Further, the rainfall simulator comprises a simulator support, wherein a plurality of parallel drain pipes are uniformly arranged at the upper end of the simulator support, a plurality of rainfall spray heads are uniformly arranged at the lower end of each drain pipe, and the plurality of rainfall spray heads are uniformly distributed on the drain pipes; the interval between the drain pipes is equal to the interval between the rainfall spray heads, and the rainfall spray heads are rotary spray heads; one end of each drain pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe through a connecting pipe, one end of each water inlet pipe is connected with the bottom of the water supply tank through a water pipe, the upper end of the water supply tank is connected with the pressure supply machine through a pressure supply pipe, and the pressure supply machine is electrically connected with the test controller.
Further, be provided with first solenoid valve and flow sensor on the connecting pipe, be provided with the second solenoid valve on the raceway, be provided with the flexible hose section of convenient adjustment simulator support height on the raceway, first solenoid valve, flow sensor and second solenoid valve all are connected with test controller electricity.
Further, a liquid level sensor is arranged in the water supply tank, a pressure sensor is arranged on the water supply tank, a water supplementing pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water supply tank and connected with a water supply system of a laboratory through the water supplementing pump, a third electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water supply pipe, and the liquid level sensor, the pressure sensor, the third electromagnetic valve and the water supplementing pump are all electrically connected with the test controller.
Further, the first universal movable mechanism and the second universal movable mechanism are of the same structure, the first universal movable mechanism and the second universal movable mechanism both comprise a first support plate and a second support plate which are parallel, a first linear movement module and a second linear movement module are arranged between the first support plate and the second support plate, the first linear movement module and the second linear movement module are mutually overlapped and vertical, the first linear movement module and the second linear movement module are respectively parallel to two adjacent sides of the simulation box, the first linear movement module and the second linear movement module are electrically connected with the test controller, and the lower end of the second support plate is provided with a universal ball head structure.
Further, the side of the C-shaped sliding block is provided with a limit screw in a penetrating mode, and the limit screw is in threaded connection with the C-shaped sliding block.
Further, the test device also comprises an isolation cover, wherein the isolation cover is made of an acrylic plate or glass transparent material and is arranged outside the test device in an isolated manner.
Further, a vibrator is provided at the bottom of the simulation box.
The test method of the rainfall simulation test device based on the geological structure deformation process reproduction comprises the following steps:
s1: the movable blocks are arranged on the sliding rail, the second electric telescopic rod is adjusted to descend to the lowest height, so that the height of each movable block is consistent, and the movable blocks are spliced into a whole supporting plate;
s2: the method comprises the steps of collecting stratum parameters of a target area, wherein the stratum parameters comprise stratum depth, stratum type, height difference and gradient:
s21: dividing a target area into a plurality of data acquisition areas corresponding to the size of the movable block according to the size of the movable block;
s22: punching vertically downwards in the center of each data acquisition area to acquire the position of each holeThe stratum sample is used for identifying the stratum types in the stratum sample, and each stratum is numbered sequentially from top to bottomThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measuring the depth of different stratum from the earth surface in each stratum sample to obtainWherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,mthe number of data acquisition areas divided in the target area;
s23: calculating the depth of the stratum type existing in the target area relative to the surface according to the depth of each stratum relative to the surface in each stratum sample：
；
Wherein,inumbering the data acquisition area;
s24: collecting the elevation of the center of each data collecting area, and screening out the maximum value of the elevationD max And minimum value ofD min Calculating vertical height difference in target areaAnd gradient of target area +.>WhereinLIs the maximum value of elevationD max And minimum value ofD min The horizontal span of the center of the corresponding data acquisition area;
s3: according to the depth of each stratum from the earth's surfacePaving different strata on a supporting plate formed by splicing the movable blocks to form a test stratum model;
s4: inputting vertical height difference to test controllerAccording to vertical height difference->Calculating the height of the third electric telescopic rod required to be stretchedH'And the distance delta that the sliding block on the first linear moving module or the second linear moving module needs to moved：
；
Wherein,d 1 is the length of the universal ball head from the first supporting plate,d 2 is the length of the simulation box;
s5: two third electric telescopic rods at one end of the control simulation box are fixed, and two third electric telescopic rods at the other end extend simultaneouslyH'The gradient of the stratum model to be tested reaches；
S6: the air pressure is supplied to the water supply tank by the pressure supplying machine, the water is supplied to the water drain pipe by the air pressure in the water supply tank, and the height of the water level drop of the water supply tank in unit time is obtainedh'Obtaining the rainfall amount simulated in unit timeV：
；
Wherein,Sis the bottom area of the water supply tank;
s7: sequentially controlling the opening of the first electromagnetic valve on each connecting pipeADetecting the flow rate on each connecting pipe to ensure that the flow rate reachespThe method comprises the following steps:a×p=V；athe number of the drain pipes;
each drain pipe is numbered sequentially from the drain pipe nearest to the second solenoid valve according to the extension direction of the water inlet pipe (1, 2.),u) Calculating the opening of a first electromagnetic valve corresponding to each drain pipe, and meeting the following conditions:
；
wherein,fis the correlation coefficient of the opening degree and the flow rate on the first electromagnetic valve,P max for the maximum flow rate of the first solenoid valve,A max is the maximum opening degree of the first electromagnetic valve,A u is the firstuThe opening of the first electromagnetic valve corresponding to the drain pipe,vthe attenuation coefficient of the flow rate is increased along with the number of the drain pipe;
s9: simulating uniform rainfall to reach set timetAfter that, the second electromagnetic valve is closed, the rainfall is stopped, and the weight of the mixture of the rainwater and the soil collected in the rainwater collecting cylinder is obtainedTAnd water level heightb 1 ；
S10: calculating the mixing volume of rainwater and soil according to the water levelV 1 =b 1 ×S 1 ，S 1 For the bottom area of the rainwater collecting cylinder, a heater in the rainwater collecting cylinder is turned on to completely evaporate the rainwater, and the height of the residual soil is measuredb 2 Calculating soil loss on the test stratum modelV 2 =b 2 ×S 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Further calculating the water seepage amount of the test stratum modelV 3 =V-（V 1 -V 2 ）；
S11: and (3) adjusting the heights of the second electric telescopic rods below the movable blocks at different positions in the test box, so that different faults and cracks are formed on the test stratum model, the evolution conditions of the fault and crack formation process are observed, and simultaneously, the steps S6-S10 are repeated to perform a rainfall simulation test, so that the influence of the water and soil loss variable quantity, the penetration condition of rainwater on the ground surface and the vibration on the stability of the ground surface slope is obtained when the faults and cracks are generated in the stratum.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the scheme can reproduce the formation process of the fault, realize the reproduction of the fault of the stratum breaking layer, and truly simulate the influence of the fault, rainfall and vibration on the tunneling of the excavation working face and the ground deformation damage. The upper part of the simulation box is provided with a rainfall simulation device, so that the simulation of rainfall on the rock stratum migration and the influence of the earth surface and the natural slope is realized, the influence of water and soil loss is detected, the infiltration condition of the rainwater in the earth surface and the slope is monitored, and the stability analysis of the slope and the rock mass under the action of the rainwater and vibration is carried out. According to the stratum parameter acquisition method, a stratum test model is truly built according to the stratum parameter acquired actually, the stratum structure of the target area is truly reflected, the fault and fracture change process and the water and soil loss process of the target area can be truly reflected by data and phenomena obtained in the test process, and the test accuracy and feasibility are high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a rainfall simulation test device based on the reconstruction of geologic structure deformation process.
Fig. 2 is a connection structure diagram of the movable block and the slide rail.
Fig. 3 is a connection structure diagram of the drain pipe and the connection pipe.
Fig. 4 is a structural view of the first universal movable mechanism and the second universal movable mechanism.
The device comprises a simulation box, a vibrator, a 3, a rainwater collecting cylinder, a 4, a rainwater collecting cloth, a 5, a base, a 6, a water supply tank, a 7, a third electromagnetic valve, a 8, a press supply, a 9, a water supplementing pipe, a 10, a water supplementing pump, a 11, a pressure sensor, a 12, a flexible hose section, a 13, a second electromagnetic valve, a 14, an isolation cover, a 15, a simulator support, a 16, a test controller, a 17, a water inlet pipe, a 18, a first universal movable mechanism, a 19, a first electric telescopic rod, a 20, a movable block, a 21, a supporting rod, a 22, a third electric telescopic rod, a 23, a sliding rail, a 24, a C-shaped sliding block, a 25, a second electric telescopic rod, a 26, a rainfall nozzle, a 27, a water draining pipe, a 28, a connecting pipe, a 29, a first electromagnetic valve, a 30, a flow sensor, a 31, a universal ball structure, a 32, a second supporting plate, a 33, a second linear moving module, a 34, a first linear moving module, a 35, a first supporting plate, a 36 and a second universal movable mechanism.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the rainfall simulation test device based on the geological structure deformation process reproduction in the scheme comprises a base 5 and a rainfall simulator, support rods 21 are arranged on four corners of the base 5, each support rod 21 is provided with a first electric telescopic rod 19, the upper end of each first electric telescopic rod 19 is provided with a first universal movable mechanism 18, and the four corners of the lower end of the rainfall simulator are provided with first universal movable mechanisms 18.
The top of base 5 is provided with square analog box 1, and analog box 1's upper end opening, analog box 1's bottom is provided with a plurality of through-holes, is provided with a plurality of movable blocks 20 in the analog box 1, and a monoblock backup pad is laid to a plurality of movable blocks 20 level, and the lower extreme of every movable block 20 all is provided with the electronic flexible 25 pole of second, and the lower extreme of the electronic flexible 25 pole of second is fixed on C shape slider 24, and analog box 1's bottom parallel arrangement has a plurality of slide rails 23, and C shape slider 24 activity sets up on slide rail 23.
A rainwater collecting cloth 4 is arranged below the simulation box 1, the rainwater collecting cloth 4 is waterproof oxford cloth, the rainwater collecting cloth 4 is in a concave hemispherical shape, a plurality of hooks are arranged at the edge of the rainwater collecting cloth 4, and the hooks are hung on the supporting rods 21 and on hanging rings arranged between the supporting rods 21; the bottom of rainwater collection cloth 4 is provided with the delivery port, and the below of mouth of a river is provided with rainwater collection cylinder 3, and the lower extreme of rainwater collection cylinder 3 is provided with heater and weighing device, rainwater collection cylinder 3 is installed on base 5.
The four corners of the bottom of the simulation box 1 are respectively provided with a third electric telescopic rod 22, and the lower end of each third electric telescopic rod 22 is fixed on the base 5; a second universal movable mechanism 36 is arranged between the bottom of the simulation box 1 and the upper end of the third electric telescopic rod 22.
The first electric telescopic rod 19, the second electric telescopic rod 25, the rainfall simulator and the rainwater collecting cylinder 3 are all electrically connected with the test controller 16, the test controller 16 can be installed in a laboratory, and also can be installed at the fixed end of the first electric telescopic rod 19, so that the operation is convenient, and a display screen and a control button are mounted on the test controller 16 and used for human-computer interaction.
In this embodiment, the rainfall simulator includes a simulator support 15, the upper end of the simulator support 15 is uniformly provided with a plurality of parallel drain pipes 27, the lower end of each drain pipe 27 is provided with a plurality of rainfall spray heads 26, the rainfall spray heads 26 can adopt electric rotating spray heads, the rainfall direction is conveniently changed in the test process, and a plurality of rainfall spray heads 26 are uniformly distributed on the drain pipes 27; the interval between the drain pipes 27 is equal to the interval between the rainfall spray heads 26, so that the uniform rainfall sprayed by the rainfall spray heads 26 is ensured; one end of each of the plurality of drain pipes 27 is connected with the water inlet pipe 17 through a connecting pipe 28, one end of the water inlet pipe 17 is connected with the bottom of the water supply tank 6 through a water pipe, the upper end of the water supply tank 6 is connected with the pressure supply machine 8 through a pressure supply pipe, and the pressure supply machine 8 is electrically connected with the test controller 16.
In this embodiment, the connecting pipe 28 is provided with a first electromagnetic valve 29 and a flow sensor 30, the water pipe is provided with a second electromagnetic valve 13, the first electromagnetic valve 29 can control the turn-off of a single water drain pipe, the second electromagnetic valve 13 can control the turn-off of the whole test water supply, the water pipe is provided with a flexible hose section 12 which is convenient for adjusting the height of the simulator support 15, and the first electromagnetic valve 29, the flow sensor 30 and the second electromagnetic valve 13 are all electrically connected with the test controller 16.
In this embodiment, be provided with liquid level sensor in the supply tank 6, be provided with pressure sensor 11 on the supply tank 6, the upper end of supply tank 6 is provided with moisturizing pipe 9, and moisturizing pipe 9 passes through moisturizing pump 10 and is connected with the water supply system of laboratory, when the water level in the supply tank 6 is too low, in time moisturizing, is provided with third solenoid valve 7 on the supply pressure pipe, and liquid level sensor, pressure sensor 11, third solenoid valve 7 and moisturizing pump 10 all are connected with test controller 16 electricity.
In this embodiment, the first universal moving mechanism 18 and the second universal moving mechanism 36 are the same structure, the first universal moving mechanism 18 and the second universal moving mechanism 36 each include a first support plate 35 and a second support plate 32 that are parallel, a first linear moving module 34 and a second linear moving module 33 are disposed between the first support plate 35 and the second support plate 32, the first linear moving module 34 and the second linear moving module 33 are mutually overlapped and perpendicular, the first linear moving module 34 and the second linear moving module 33 are respectively parallel to two adjacent sides of the simulation box 1, the first linear moving module 34 and the second linear moving module 33 are electrically connected with the test controller 16, and the universal ball head structure 31 is disposed at the lower end of the second support plate 32.
When the third electric telescopic rod 22 is lifted and lowered to control the simulation box 1 to form different slopes, the universal ball head provides enough degrees of freedom, and the first linear movement module 34 and the second linear movement module 33 slide between the second support plate 32 and the first support plate 35 relatively, so that stable inclination of the simulation box 1 is ensured. The same principle can also drive the rainfall simulator to clean at different angles. By the design of the vertical first linear moving module 34 and the second linear moving module 33, the inclination simulation of at least four directions of the simulation box 1 can be realized, and the simulation of multi-directional slopes and side slopes can be realized.
When the simulation box 1 is horizontal, the earthquake swing effect can be simulated through the movement of the first linear movement module 34 and the second linear movement module 33 on the horizontal plane. On the rainfall simulator, the influence of the air-out on the rainfall direction can be simulated through the movement of the first linear movement module 34 and the second linear movement module 33 on the horizontal plane. The vibrator 2 is arranged at the bottom of the simulation box 1, so that the influence effect of geological vibration on the side slope can be simulated.
In this embodiment, a limit screw is disposed on a side surface of the C-shaped slider 24 in a penetrating manner, and the limit screw is in threaded connection with the C-shaped slider 24 and is used for fixing the position of the movable block 20.
In this embodiment, the test device further comprises an isolation cover 14, wherein the isolation cover 14 is made of an acrylic plate or glass transparent material, and is arranged outside the test device in an isolated manner. Visual testing is accomplished in the laboratory through the cage 14 to avoid rain water from falling out elsewhere.
The test method of the rainfall simulation test device based on the geological structure deformation process reproduction comprises the following steps:
s1: the movable blocks 20 are arranged on the sliding rails 23, and the second electric telescopic 25 rod is adjusted to descend to the lowest height, so that the height of each movable block 20 is consistent, and the movable blocks are spliced into a whole supporting plate;
s2: the method comprises the steps of collecting stratum parameters of a target area, wherein the stratum parameters comprise stratum depth, stratum type, height difference and gradient:
s21: dividing the target area into a plurality of data acquisition areas corresponding to the size of the movable block 20 according to the size of the movable block 20;
s22: punching vertically downwards in the center of each data acquisition area, acquiring stratum samples in each hole, identifying stratum types in the stratum samples, and numbering each stratum sequentially from top to bottom for the stratum samplesThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measuring the depth of different stratum from the earth surface in each stratum sample to obtainWherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,mthe number of data acquisition areas divided in the target area;
s23: calculating the depth of the stratum type existing in the target area relative to the surface according to the depth of each stratum relative to the surface in each stratum sample：
；
Wherein,inumbering the data acquisition area;
s24: collecting the elevation of the center of each data collecting area, and screening out the maximum value of the elevationD max And minimum value ofD min Calculating vertical height difference in target areaAnd gradient of target area +.>WhereinLIs the maximum value of elevationD max And minimum value ofD min The horizontal span of the center of the corresponding data acquisition area;
s3: according to the depth of each stratum from the earth's surfaceDifferent strata are paved on the supporting plates spliced by the movable blocks 20 to form a test stratum model;
s4: input of vertical height difference to test controller 16According to vertical height difference->Calculating the height of the third electric telescopic rod 22 required to be extendedH'And the distance delta that the slide block on the first linear motion module 34 or the second linear motion module 33 needs to moved：
；
Wherein,d 1 for the length of the universal ball head from the first support plate 35,d 2 is the length of the simulation box 1;
s5: two third electric telescopic rods 22 at one end of the control simulation box 1 are fixed, and two third electric telescopic rods 22 at the other end extend simultaneouslyH'The gradient of the stratum model to be tested reaches；
S6: the air pressure is supplied to the water supply tank 6 by the air pressure supply press 8, and the water is supplied to the water discharge pipe 27 by the air pressure in the water supply tank 6, thereby obtaining the height of the water level drop of the water supply tank 6 per unit timeh'Obtaining the rainfall amount simulated in unit timeV：
；
Wherein,Sis the bottom area of the water supply tank 6;
according to the inlet pipe 17The extension direction is to number each drain pipe 13 in sequence from the drain pipe 17 nearest to the second solenoid valve 13 (1, 2.),u) The opening of the first electromagnetic valve 29 corresponding to each drain pipe 13 is calculated, and the following conditions are satisfied:
；
wherein,fas a correlation coefficient of the opening degree and the flow rate on the first electromagnetic valve 29,P max for the maximum flow rate of the first solenoid valve 29,A max is the maximum opening of the first solenoid valve 29,A u is the firstuThe opening of the first electromagnetic valve corresponding to the drain pipe,vattenuation coefficient for increasing flow rate with the number of the drain pipe 13;
s9: simulating uniform rainfall to reach set timetAfter that, the second electromagnetic valve 13 is closed, the rainfall is stopped, and the weight of the mixture of the rainwater and the soil collected in the rainwater collecting cylinder 3 is obtainedTAnd water level heightb 1 ；
S10: calculating the mixing volume of rainwater and soil according to the water levelV 1 =b 1 ×S 1 ，S 1 The heater in the rainwater collecting cylinder 3 is turned on to evaporate the rainwater completely and measure the height of the residual soilb 2 Calculating soil loss on the test stratum modelV 2 =b 2 ×S 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Further calculating the water seepage amount of the test stratum modelV 3 =V-（V 1 -V 2 ）；
S11: and adjusting the heights of the second electric telescopic 25 rods below the movable blocks 20 at different positions in the test box to form different faults and cracks on the test stratum model, observing the evolution conditions of the fault and crack forming process, and repeating the steps S6-S10 to perform a rainfall simulation test to obtain the influence of the water and soil loss variable quantity, the penetration condition of rainwater on the ground surface and vibration on the stability of the ground surface slope when the faults and cracks are generated in the stratum.
The invention can reproduce the formation process of the fault, realize the reproduction of the fault of the stratum breaking layer, and truly simulate the influence of the fault, rainfall and vibration on the tunneling of the excavation working face and the ground deformation damage. The upper part of the simulation box is provided with a rainfall simulation device, so that the simulation of rainfall on the rock stratum migration and the influence of the earth surface and the natural slope is realized, the influence of water and soil loss is detected, the infiltration condition of the rainwater in the earth surface and the slope is monitored, and the stability analysis of the slope and the rock mass under the action of the rainwater and vibration is carried out. According to the invention, a stratum test model is truly built according to stratum parameters which are actually collected, stratum structures of a target area are truly reflected, data and phenomena obtained in a test process can truly reflect faults, fracture change processes, water and soil loss, stability of slopes and rock masses under the action of rainwater and vibration, and test accuracy and feasibility are high.
Claims (8)
1. The rainfall simulation test device based on the geological structure deformation process reproduction is characterized by comprising a base and a rainfall simulator, wherein supporting rods are arranged at four corners of the base, each supporting rod is provided with a first electric telescopic rod, the upper end of each first electric telescopic rod is provided with a first universal movable mechanism, and the four corners of the lower end of the rainfall simulator are respectively connected with the first universal movable mechanisms;
the upper part of the base is provided with a square simulation box, the upper end of the simulation box is provided with an opening, the bottom of the simulation box is provided with a plurality of through holes, a plurality of movable blocks are arranged in the simulation box, the movable blocks are horizontally paved into a whole supporting plate, the lower end of each movable block is provided with a second electric telescopic rod, the lower end of each second electric telescopic rod is fixed on a C-shaped sliding block, the bottom of the simulation box is provided with a plurality of sliding rails in parallel, and the C-shaped sliding blocks are movably arranged on the sliding rails;
the rain water collecting cloth is arranged below the simulation box, is waterproof oxford cloth, is concave hemispherical, is provided with a plurality of hooks at the edge, and is hung on the support rods and a hanging ring arranged between the support rods; the bottom of the rainwater collection cloth is provided with a water outlet, a rainwater collection cylinder is arranged below the water outlet, the lower end of the rainwater collection cylinder is provided with a heater and a weighing device, and the rainwater collection cylinder is arranged on the base;
the four corners of the bottom of the simulation box are respectively provided with a third electric telescopic rod, and the lower ends of the third electric telescopic rods are fixed on the base; a second universal movable mechanism is arranged between the bottom of the simulation box and the upper end of the third electric telescopic rod; the first electric telescopic rod, the second electric telescopic rod, the rainfall simulator and the rainwater collecting cylinder are electrically connected with the test controller;
the first universal movable mechanism and the second universal movable mechanism are of the same structure, the first universal movable mechanism and the second universal movable mechanism both comprise a first support plate and a second support plate which are parallel, a first linear movement module and a second linear movement module are arranged between the first support plate and the second support plate, the first linear movement module and the second linear movement module are mutually overlapped and vertical, the first linear movement module and the second linear movement module are respectively parallel to two adjacent sides of the simulation box, the first linear movement module and the second linear movement module are electrically connected with the test controller, and the lower end of the second support plate is provided with a universal ball head structure.
2. The rainfall simulation test device based on geological structure deformation process reproduction according to claim 1, wherein the rainfall simulator comprises a simulator support, a plurality of parallel drain pipes are uniformly arranged at the upper end of the simulator support, a plurality of rainfall spray heads are arranged at the lower end of each drain pipe, and the plurality of rainfall spray heads are uniformly distributed on the drain pipes; the interval between the drain pipes is equal to the interval between the rainfall spray heads, and the rainfall spray heads are rotary spray heads; the one end of a plurality of drain pipe is all through connecting pipe and inlet tube connection, the one end of inlet tube is connected with the bottom of supply tank through the raceway, the upper end of supply tank is connected with the confession press through the confession press pipe, the confession press is connected with test controller electricity.
3. The rainfall simulation test device based on geological structure deformation process reproduction according to claim 2, wherein a first electromagnetic valve and a flow sensor are arranged on the connecting pipe, a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water pipe, a flexible hose section which is convenient for adjusting the height of the simulator support is arranged on the water pipe, and the first electromagnetic valve, the flow sensor and the second electromagnetic valve are electrically connected with the test controller.
4. The rainfall simulation test device based on geological structure deformation process reproduction according to claim 3, wherein a liquid level sensor is arranged in the water supply tank, a pressure sensor is arranged on the water supply tank, a water supplementing pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water supply tank and is connected with a water supply system of a test room through a water supplementing pump, a third electromagnetic valve is arranged on the pressure supplying pipe, and the liquid level sensor, the pressure sensor, the third electromagnetic valve and the water supplementing pump are all electrically connected with a test controller.
5. The rainfall simulation test device based on geological structure deformation process reproduction according to claim 1, wherein a limit screw is arranged on the side surface of the C-shaped sliding block in a penetrating manner, and the limit screw is in threaded connection with the C-shaped sliding block.
6. The rainfall simulation test device based on the deformation process reproduction of the geological structure of claim 1, further comprising an isolation cover, wherein the isolation cover is made of acrylic plates or glass transparent materials, and the isolation cover is arranged outside the test device.
7. The rainfall simulation test device based on the deformation process reproduction of the geologic structure according to claim 1, wherein a vibrator is provided at the bottom of the simulation box.
8. A test method using the rainfall simulation test device based on the deformation process reproduction of geologic structures as described in claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the movable blocks are arranged on the sliding rail, the second electric telescopic rod is adjusted to descend to the lowest height, so that the height of each movable block is consistent, and the movable blocks are spliced into a whole supporting plate;
s2: the method comprises the steps of collecting stratum parameters of a target area, wherein the stratum parameters comprise stratum depth, stratum type, height difference and gradient:
s21: dividing a target area into a plurality of data acquisition areas corresponding to the size of the movable block according to the size of the movable block;
s22: punching vertically downwards in the center of each data acquisition area, acquiring stratum samples in each hole, identifying stratum types in the stratum samples, and numbering each stratum sequentially from top to bottom for the stratum samplesThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measuring the depth of different stratum from the earth surface in each stratum sample to obtainWherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,mthe number of data acquisition areas divided in the target area;
s23: calculating the depth of the stratum type existing in the target area relative to the surface according to the depth of each stratum relative to the surface in each stratum sample：
；
Wherein,inumbering the data acquisition area;
s24: collecting the elevation of the center of each data collecting area, and screening out the maximum value of the elevationD max And minimum value ofD min Calculating vertical height difference in target areaAnd the purpose ofGradient of target area>WhereinLIs the maximum value of elevationD max And minimum value ofD min The horizontal span of the center of the corresponding data acquisition area;
s3: according to the depth of each stratum from the earth's surfacePaving different strata on a supporting plate formed by splicing the movable blocks to form a test stratum model;
s4: inputting vertical height difference to test controllerAccording to vertical height difference->Calculating the height of the third electric telescopic rod required to be stretchedH'And the distance delta that the sliding block on the first linear moving module or the second linear moving module needs to moved：
；
Wherein,d 1 is the length of the universal ball head from the first supporting plate,d 2 is the length of the simulation box;
s5: two third electric telescopic rods at one end of the control simulation box are fixed, and two third electric telescopic rods at the other end extend simultaneouslyH'The gradient of the stratum model to be tested reaches；
S6: the air pressure is supplied to the water supply tank by the pressure supplying machine, the water is supplied to the water drain pipe by the air pressure in the water supply tank, and the height of the water level drop of the water supply tank in unit time is obtainedh'Obtaining the rainfall amount simulated in unit timeV：
；
Wherein,Sis the bottom area of the water supply tank;
s7: sequentially controlling the opening of the first electromagnetic valve on each connecting pipeADetecting the flow rate on each connecting pipe to ensure that the flow rate reachespThe method comprises the following steps:a×p=V；athe number of the drain pipes;
each drain pipe is numbered sequentially from the drain pipe nearest to the second solenoid valve according to the extension direction of the water inlet pipe (1, 2.),u) Calculating the opening of a first electromagnetic valve corresponding to each drain pipe, and meeting the following conditions:
；
wherein,fis the correlation coefficient of the opening degree and the flow rate on the first electromagnetic valve,P max for the maximum flow rate of the first solenoid valve,A max is the maximum opening degree of the first electromagnetic valve,A u is the firstuThe opening of the first electromagnetic valve corresponding to the drain pipe,vthe attenuation coefficient of the flow rate is increased along with the number of the drain pipe;
s9: simulating uniform rainfall to reach set timetAfter that, the second electromagnetic valve is closed, the rainfall is stopped, and the weight of the mixture of the rainwater and the soil collected in the rainwater collecting cylinder is obtainedTAnd water level heightb 1 ；
S10: calculating the mixing volume of rainwater and soil according to the water levelV 1 =b 1 ×S 1 ，S 1 For the bottom area of the rainwater collecting cylinder, a heater in the rainwater collecting cylinder is turned on to completely evaporate the rainwater, and the height of the residual soil is measuredb 2 Calculating soil loss on the test stratum modelV 2 =b 2 ×S 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Further calculating the water seepage amount of the test stratum modelV 3 =V-（V 1 -V 2 ）；
S11: and (3) adjusting the heights of the second electric telescopic rods below the movable blocks at different positions in the test box, so that different faults and cracks are formed on the test stratum model, the evolution conditions of the fault and crack formation process are observed, and simultaneously, the steps S6-S10 are repeated to perform a rainfall simulation test, so that the influence of the water and soil loss variable quantity, the penetration condition of rainwater on the ground surface and the vibration on the stability of the ground surface slope is obtained when the faults and cracks are generated in the stratum.
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