CN116751868B - SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism) marker related to laying characteristics of local chickens as well as detection method and application thereof - Google Patents
SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism) marker related to laying characteristics of local chickens as well as detection method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a SNP marker related to local chicken egg laying traits, and a detection method and application thereof, and relates to the fields of molecular biology and genetic breeding. The SNP marker is positioned at 1779403bp of chromosome 10 of the chicken, G/A base mutation exists on the locus, and the SNP marker has obvious correlation with 40-week egg laying number characters of local chicken. The SNP marker provided by the invention can be used for local chicken molecular marker assisted breeding, is not limited by local chicken variety and age, can be used for breeding high-yield local chicken, and can accurately screen even chickens just coming out of the shells, thereby greatly accelerating the breeding process of the high-yield local chicken and reducing the breeding cost of breeding enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of molecular biology and genetic breeding, in particular to a SNP marker related to local chicken egg laying traits, a detection method and application thereof.
Background
Eggs are rich in protein, fat, lecithin and other various nutrients required by human bodies, and are important components in the dietary structure of residents in China. The local chicken has lower egg laying performance and good egg quality, so the rapid improvement of the egg laying performance of the local chicken is one of the problems to be solved in the current local chicken breeding work.
A single nucleotide polymorphism (Single Nucleotide Polymorphsim, SNP) refers to a polymorphism in a genomic DNA sequence that is caused by mutation of a single nucleotide (A, T, C or G), and includes single base insertions, deletions, transformations, transversions, and the like. The genome-wide association analysis (Gemome-Wide Association Study, GWAS) is a new strategy for applying millions of SNPs in genome as molecular genetic markers, performing control analysis and correlation analysis at the genome level, and finding genetic variation affecting complex traits through comparison.
SNP molecular marker assisted selective breeding utilizes the characteristic that a molecular marker is closely linked with a control target character gene discovered through whole genome association analysis, and the dominant genotype is rapidly and accurately screened on the DNA molecular level, so that the breeding period is shortened, the breeding process is accelerated, and the breeding efficiency is improved. At present, the second-generation sequencing technology, the high-density SNP chip and the whole genome association analysis have been effectively used for animal and plant whole genome design breeding and excellent character evaluation diagnosis. Therefore, the invention utilizes chicken SNP typing data and phenotype data related to egg laying characteristics to carry out association analysis in a whole genome range, discovers SNP marker loci obviously related to 40 weeks egg laying number of local chickens, and lays a foundation for optimizing and improving the egg laying characteristics of the local chickens.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide SNP markers related to the egg laying characteristics of local chickens and a detection method thereof.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention mainly adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention discloses an SNP marker related to the laying characteristics of local chickens, wherein the SNP marker is positioned at 1779403bp of chromosome 10 of chickens, the nucleotide sequence of the SNP marker is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1, and the SNP marker is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the polymorphism at 303bp of the sequence shown in the formula 1 is G/A nucleotide sequence.
The G/A base mutation exists at the locus, and has obvious correlation with the number of eggs laid by local chickens in 40 weeks; the SNP markers are based on chicken genomic sequence information version number GCA_000002315.5, 3 months of 2018.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the SNP marker, the dominant genotype of the polymorphic site is GA.
In a second aspect, the invention discloses an application of the SNP marker related to the local chicken egg laying character in chicken genetic breeding.
Further, the application is applied to identification and breeding of the high-yield local chicken variety and/or early prediction of the local chicken high-yield character.
In a third aspect, the present invention discloses a primer pair for amplifying the SNP marker related to the laying trait of local chickens according to the first aspect, comprising: the nucleotide sequence of the upstream primer is shown as SEQ ID NO. 2, and the nucleotide sequence of the downstream primer is shown as SEQ ID NO. 3.
In a fourth aspect, the invention discloses application of the primer pair in the third aspect in assisting in identifying and breeding a local chicken variety with high yield, and/or in early prediction of local chicken high yield traits and/or in assisting breeding by using molecular markers related to local chicken egg yield traits.
In a fifth aspect, the invention discloses a kit for detecting SNP markers related to the egg laying traits of local chickens, comprising at least one of the primer pair and the PCR mix as set forth in the third aspect.
In a sixth aspect, the invention discloses the application of the kit in assisting in identifying and breeding a local chicken variety with high yield, and/or in early prediction of local chicken high yield traits and/or in molecular marker assisted breeding related to local chicken egg yield traits.
In a seventh aspect, the invention discloses a method for detecting SNP markers related to the egg laying characteristics of local chickens, comprising the following steps:
(1) Extracting genome DNA of a local chicken to be detected;
(2) Taking the genome DNA of the local chicken to be detected as a template, and carrying out PCR amplification reaction by using primers shown in SEQ ID NO. 2 and SEQ ID NO. 3;
(3) And analyzing the PCR amplification product to obtain the genotype of the sample at 303 bp.
In an eighth aspect, the invention discloses a method for breeding a high-yield local chicken variety, which comprises the following steps: the method according to the seventh aspect is used for screening individuals with a genotype GA, wherein the number of eggs laid by the individuals with a genotype GA for 40 weeks is higher than the genotypes GG and AA.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the SNP marker provided by the invention can be used for local chicken molecular marker assisted breeding, is not limited by local chicken variety and age, can be used for breeding high-yield local chicken, and can accurately screen even chickens just coming out of the shells, thereby greatly accelerating the breeding process of the high-yield local chicken and reducing the breeding cost of breeding enterprises.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the three genotypes are sequencing peak diagrams in the embodiment of the invention; wherein, (a) is AA type, and (b) is GG type; (c) is GA type.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The reagents not specifically and individually described in the present invention are all conventional reagents and are commercially available; methods which are not specifically described in detail are all routine experimental methods and are known from the prior art.
It should be noted that, the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above drawings are used for distinguishing similar objects, and are not necessarily used for describing a particular sequence or order, nor do they substantially limit the technical features that follow. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
EXAMPLE 1 identification of SNP mutation site at 1779403bp of local chicken chromosome 10
The test chicken varieties of the invention comprise Jiang Han chickens, canada green-shell layer chickens, double-lotus chickens and other local chickens, and the samples are from poultry test sites of livestock and veterinary research institute of the national academy of agricultural sciences of Hubei province.
1. Extraction of chicken genomic DNA
The extraction of chicken genome DNA adopts a genome DNA kit (operated according to the specification of the kit) produced by Beijing Baitaike biotechnology Co., ltd, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) About 1ml of blood was withdrawn from the subwing vein using a disposable syringe, poured into a 1.5ml centrifuge tube autoclaved and filled with 200. Mu.L of sterile ACD anticoagulant, gently shaken, wing numbers recorded and stored at-20℃for later use. mu.L of anticoagulated blood was aspirated, 500. Mu.L of BB2 and 10. Mu.L of proteinase K (20 mg/mL) were added, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed and incubated at room temperature for 10min.
(2) The whole solution was added to the column by brief centrifugation, 12000g was centrifuged for 1min, and the effluent was discarded.
(3) 500. Mu.L of solution CB3 was added, and 12000g was centrifuged for 30s, and the effluent was discarded.
(4) 500. Mu.L of the solution WB3 was added, and the mixture was centrifuged at 12000g for 30s, and the effluent was discarded.
(5) The step 4 is repeated once.
(6) The residual WB3 was removed thoroughly by centrifugation at 12000g for 2 min.
(7) Placing the centrifugal column in a clean centrifuge tube, adding 50-200 mu L of preheated EB or deionized water in the center of the column, standing for 1min at room temperature, centrifuging 12000g for 1min, eluting DNA, and preserving the eluted DNA at-20 ℃ for later use.
2. Amplification of nucleotide fragments containing SNP loci
According to the result of local chicken whole genome sequencing analysis, selecting a sequence design primer of about 800bp before and after an SNP mutation site at 1779403bp of chromosome 10, wherein the SNP marker is based on chicken genome sequence information version number GCA_000002315.5, 3 months in 2018. The specific sequence of the primer is as follows:
forward primer F:5'-TGGGGCTGAGTCTGTGTT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2),
reverse primer R:5'-AGGATCTGGTCTTCGTTA-3' (SEQ ID NO: 3).
PCR amplification was performed in local chicken genomic DNA using the above primers, the PCR reaction system is shown in Table 1, and the PCR reaction conditions are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1PCR reaction System
TABLE 2PCR reaction conditions
3. Detecting PCR amplified fragment to obtain SNP marker
Sequencing and detecting the obtained PCR amplification product, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the PCR amplification product is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1, and the nucleotide sequence of the PCR amplification product is shown as SEQ ID NO:1, namely the base at 303bp of the sequence is possibly G or A, the genotype at 303bp of the sequence is the genotype of the SNP locus, and the polymorphism at 303bp of the sequence is GG type, AA type and GA type respectively. The sequencing peaks for the three genotypes are shown in FIG. 1.
EXAMPLE 2 correlation analysis of SNP markers and local chicken egg laying traits and application thereof
The SNP markers prepared by the invention are used for carrying out polymorphism detection on varieties such as Jiang Han chickens, double-lotus chickens, hemp city green-shell laying hens and the like, and analyzing the correlation between the varieties and 40-week egg production numbers of the varieties. The allele frequencies and genotype frequency distribution of this locus in the three local chicken populations are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 genotype frequencies and allele frequencies for the 1779403bp mutation site on chicken chromosome 10
Remarks: genotype frequencies the number in parentheses is the number of individuals of the genotype.
As can be seen from Table 3, the SNP mutation sites of the sequences detected 3 genotypes in all 3 populations, and the dominant alleles were G and the dominant genotypes were GG.
To determine whether the SNP markers prepared by the invention are related to the 40-week egg yield difference of local chickens, correlation analysis between different genotypes and 40-week egg yield of local chickens was performed in Jiang Han chicken, double-lotus chicken and sesame city green-shell layer groups, and the statistical analysis results are summarized in Table 4.
TABLE 4 analysis of association of 1779403bp mutation site polymorphism of chicken chromosome 10 with 40 week egg yield
Note that: the same upper table letters in the table indicate that the difference is not significant, letters a, b, c indicate that the difference is significant, and n is the number of individuals of this genotype.
As can be seen from Table 4, the 1779403bp locus polymorphism of chromosome 10 of the chicken had a significant correlation with 40 week number egg production (P < 0.05), with the GA genotype having a higher 40 week number egg production.
This example identified a SNP marker that was significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid by local chickens for 40 weeks, and thus, by selection of individuals with the GA genotype at that locus in the local chicken population, would help to improve the egg laying traits of local chickens.
By combining the results, the mutation site can be used as a potential genetic marker for improving the egg laying characteristics of local chickens in auxiliary selection of high-yield local chickens.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. Application of SNP markers related to local chicken egg laying traits in chicken genetic breeding, wherein the SNP markers are positioned at 1779403bp of chicken chromosome 10, the nucleotide sequence of the SNP markers is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1, and the SNP markers are shown in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the polymorphism at 303bp of the sequence shown in the formula 1 is a G/A nucleotide sequence, the dominant genotype of the polymorphic locus in the SNP marker is GA, and the chicken is Jiang Han chicken, double-lotus chicken or a rough green-shell layer chicken;
the method is applied to identification and breeding of the local chicken variety with high egg yield and/or early prediction of the local chicken high egg yield.
2. Use of a SNP marker associated with a local chicken egg laying trait according to claim 1 in genetic breeding of chickens, further comprising the use of a primer pair to assist in identifying and breeding high egg laying local chicken breeds, and/or for early prediction of local chicken high egg laying traits, and/or for molecular marker assisted breeding associated with local chicken egg laying traits, the primer pair comprising: the nucleotide sequence of the upstream primer is shown as SEQ ID NO. 2, and the nucleotide sequence of the downstream primer is shown as SEQ ID NO. 3.
3. Use of a SNP marker associated with a local chicken egg laying trait according to claim 1 in genetic breeding of chickens, further comprising the use of a kit comprising a primer pair, PCR mix as defined in claim 2 to assist in identifying and breeding high egg laying local chicken varieties, and/or for early prediction of local chicken high egg laying traits, and/or for molecular marker assisted breeding associated with local chicken egg laying traits.
4. A detection method of SNP markers related to the egg laying characteristics of local chickens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Extracting genome DNA of a local chicken to be detected;
(2) Taking the genome DNA of the local chicken to be detected as a template, and carrying out PCR amplification reaction by using primers shown in SEQ ID NO. 2 and SEQ ID NO. 3;
(3) Analyzing the PCR amplification product to obtain the genotype of the sample at 303 bp;
the chicken is Jiang Han chicken, double-lotus chicken or a rough green-shell layer chicken;
individuals with genotype GA are screened.
5. A method for breeding a high-yield local chicken variety, the method comprising: screening individuals with a genotype of GA by the method of claim 4, wherein the number of eggs laid by individuals with a genotype of GA is higher than the GG, AA genotypes for 40 weeks; the chicken is Jiang Han chicken, double-lotus chicken or hemp green-shell layer chicken.
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| CN101899524A (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2010-12-01 | 上海交通大学 | Kit and method for detecting polymorphism of FMO3 gene of egg-laying chicken |
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