CN116626604B - Method and device for designing waveform of non-uniform large frequency offset signal in pulse - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for designing a waveform of a non-uniform large frequency offset signal in a pulse, which comprises the following steps: step 1: the airborne early warning radar transmits a non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in a pulse and receives a target echo signal; step 2: mixing and matched filtering are carried out on the target echo signals, and carrier frequency domain guide vectors of the echo signals are established; step 3: constructing an expression of a carrier frequency domain static pattern according to the carrier frequency domain guide vector of the echo signal in the step 2, and further determining an optimization objective function; step 4: designing an fitness function optimization model according to the optimization objective function and other constraint conditions in the step 3; step 5: and (3) solving the fitness function optimization model in the step (4) by utilizing a genetic algorithm to obtain an individual with the minimum fitness function value, and taking the individual as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar signal processing, and particularly relates to a method and a device for designing a waveform of a non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in a pulse.
Background
The airborne early warning radar has the advantages of strong maneuverability, wide monitoring range and small shielding by terrain, and is widely applied to the fields of military and civil supervision. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a main method for extracting target signals in a complex electromagnetic environment by an airborne radar. However, with the development of electronic countermeasure technology, airborne early warning radars face various intentional and unintentional interferences, the intentional interferences coming fromWhen radar main lobe is, interference and target will not be distinguished in space domain and time domain, and performance of STAP processor will be severely degraded. The intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency radar introduces carrier frequency dimension on the basis of the traditional phased array, so that the intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency radar can be used for the airborne early warning radar to resist range-blurred clutter and main lobe interference. For a distance ofIs a phase difference between the multi-carrier echo signals of +.>. When the multi-carrier frequency signal is uniform and fast, in order to prevent the carrier frequency domain frequency from being periodically blurred within the maximum detection range of the radar, the requirement of +.>At this time->Will be much smaller than the baseband signal bandwidth, and such agility is often referred to as small-range uniform agility. In this case, the separation of the received signals is generally performed by using the condition that waveforms between the multi-carrier signals are orthogonal, but an ideal orthogonal waveform does not exist. If the frequency deviation of the carrier frequency domain signal can be made +.>Is larger than the bandwidth of the baseband signal, and can separate the multi-carrier frequency signals by utilizing the orthogonality of the signal frequencies.
When the frequency deviation of the frequency agility signal in the pulse is larger, the lobe with the same height as the main beam of the carrier frequency domain directional diagram is a grating lobe, and the existence of the grating lobe can cause the resolution blurring of the carrier frequency domain, so that the target distance blurring is further caused. In addition, when carrier frequency domain beam forming processing is performed, interference signals at grating lobes cannot be suppressed. The use of non-uniform frequency offset intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency signals is an effective approach to solve the above problems, but how to design effective intra-pulse non-uniform frequency offset signals is one of the difficulties in the field of airborne radars.
Therefore, the invention of the intra-pulse non-uniform frequency offset multi-carrier frequency signal design method is urgently needed to solve the problem of periodic ambiguity of carrier frequency domain under the condition of uniform large frequency offset.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for designing a waveform of a non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in a pulse, which is used for overcoming the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for designing a waveform of a non-uniform large frequency offset signal in a pulse, comprising the steps of,
step 1: the airborne early warning radar transmits a non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in a pulse and receives a target echo signal;
step 2: mixing and matched filtering are carried out on the target echo signals, and carrier frequency domain guide vectors of the echo signals are established;
step 3: constructing an expression of a carrier frequency domain static pattern according to the carrier frequency domain guide vector of the echo signal in the step 2, and further determining an optimization objective function;
step 4: designing an fitness function optimization model according to the optimization objective function and other constraint conditions in the step 3;
step 5: solving the fitness function optimization model in the step 4 by utilizing a genetic algorithm to obtain an individual with the minimum fitness function value, and taking the individual as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal;
wherein, the airborne early warning radar antenna is set asA uniform linear array formed by array elements, wherein the spacing between the array elements is +.>One CPI contains +.>Pulses, each pulse is +>Superposition of signals of different carrier frequencies +.>The carrier frequency of the individual signals is->And (2) and，/>for a single baseband signal bandwidth, such a signal with a frequency offset greater than the bandwidth is referred to as a large frequency offset signal.
Further, the non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in the pulse emitted by the onboard early warning radar in the step 1 is expressed as
(1)
wherein Is the baseband waveform of the LFM signal, +.>Is the pulse width of the LFM signal; for a distance of +.>Is represented as a radar received target echo signal
(2)
wherein For the complex amplitude of the target echo +.>For propagation delay of multi-carrier signals, +.>In order to achieve the light velocity, the light beam is,representing imaginary units.
Further, the target echo signal is subjected to frequency mixing and matched filtering processing to obtain a first echo signalThe individual signals are represented as
(3)
wherein ,for the echo complex amplitude after matched filtering, < + >>Representing imaginary units; establishing carrier frequency domain steering vectors of echo signals as according to (3)
(4)
Rearranging the received data after matched filtering to obtain a received signal containing targets and noise as
(5)
wherein Is a noise signal.
Further, in the step 3, the expression of the carrier frequency domain static pattern is that
(6)
wherein Is static weight vector, ++>The superscript H represents conjugate transpose operation for the distance of a preset target;
further determining an optimized objective function, specifically comprising the calculation formula of the maximum sidelobe level MSLL of the directional diagram expressed as
(7)
Wherein S represents the sidelobe region of the pattern, when the main lobe width of the static pattern isWhen in use, thenAnd->，/>For the radar maximum detection distance, +.>Representing an absolute value taking operation,/->Representing the distance difference between the first zero point of the pattern and the main lobe.
Further, in the step 4, according to the optimization objective function and other constraints in the step 3, the method specifically includes setting the total bandwidth of the intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency signal to beThen
(8)
The fitness function optimization model is designed as follows
(9)
wherein The first row of the fitness function optimization model represents an objective function, and the second and third rows represent constraint conditions; s.t. is an abbreviation for subject to, representing a constraint.
Further, in the step 5, the fitness function optimization model of the step 4 is solved by using a genetic algorithm, which specifically includes the following sub-steps:
5.1, establish the first pulseThe carrier frequency of the individual signals is denoted->Then obtain
(10)
wherein For the minimum carrier frequency difference of adjacent signals in the pulse, the bandwidth of the single signal is taken as +.>I.e. +.>At this timeRepresenting the frequency offset added on the basis of the uniform frequency offset;
to meet the requirements ofMust have
(11)
Combining formula (8), formula (10) and formula (11)
(12)；
5.2 for the individual genes in step 5.1Initializing and ordering in order from small to large, and then transforming it into carrier frequency population ++according to equation (10)>；
5.3 calculating populationObtaining an individual with the minimum fitness function value, and determining the individual as the current optimal individual;
5.4, judging whether the current optimal individual meets the termination condition, if so, outputting an optimization result, and taking the optimization result as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal; if not, then for the individual geneAnd (3) performing genetic operations of selection, crossing and mutation, returning to the step (5.2), and obtaining an individual with the minimum fitness function value of the current iteration through the circulation, and taking the individual as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal.
Further, the intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency signal in the step 1 comprises intra-pulse simultaneous multi-carrier frequency or intra-pulse continuous multi-carrier frequency; the single signal pattern in the intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency signal in the step 1 comprises: LFM signal, non-chirped signal, or phase encoded signal.
Further, the optimizing algorithm in the step 2 includes: genetic algorithms, particle swarm algorithms, or convex optimization algorithms.
Further, the radar platform comprises a foundation, an empty foundation and a space foundation.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for designing a waveform of an intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal, including at least one processor and a memory, the at least one processor and the memory being connected by a data bus, the memory storing instructions to be executed by the at least one processor, the instructions, after being executed by the processor, being configured to perform the method for designing a waveform of an intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the method for designing the waveform of the non-uniform large frequency offset signal in the pulse is provided, firstly, an echo model of the non-uniform large frequency offset signal in the pulse of the airborne early warning radar is established, and the carrier frequency domain guide vector of the echo signal is determined; then establishing a static directional diagram of the carrier frequency domain, and further determining an optimization objective function; then, designing an adaptability function of the genetic algorithm according to the optimization objective function and other constraint conditions; and finally, solving an individual with the minimum fitness function value by using a genetic algorithm, and taking the individual as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal.
Furthermore, the method can realize the frequency orthogonality among the multi-carrier frequency signals and the coherent accumulation of the carrier frequency domain for the target signal by the transmitting mode of the non-uniform frequency offset signals in the pulse;
furthermore, the invention can effectively solve the problem of periodic ambiguity of carrier frequency domain under the condition of uniform large frequency offset by adopting the transmission mode of the non-uniform frequency offset signal in the pulse;
furthermore, the invention designs the non-uniform signal frequency points by utilizing a genetic algorithm, and can effectively reduce grating lobes formed by carrier frequency domain wave beams, thereby reducing the influence of side lobe interference when carrier frequency domain coherent accumulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 (a) is a signal form of an intra-pulse multi-carrier signal; FIG. 1 (b) is a time-frequency spectrum diagram of an intra-pulse multi-carrier signal;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for designing a waveform of a non-uniform large frequency offset signal according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 (a), the present invention provides an intra-pulse multi-carrier signal to be used in each pulsePSuperposing the LFM signals; the spectrum of the intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency signal provided by the invention is shown in figure 1 (b),Pthe frequency bands of the signals are not overlapped, and the carrier frequency is not uniform and rapid; the flow chart of the method for designing the waveform of the non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in the pulse is shown in fig. 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the airborne early warning radar transmits a non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in a pulse and receives a target echo signal;
setting the airborne early warning radar antenna asA uniform linear array formed by array elements, wherein the spacing between the array elements is +.>One CPI contains +.>Pulses, each pulse is +>Superposition of signals of different carrier frequencies +.>The carrier frequency of the individual signals is->And (2) and，/>the invention refers to a signal with a frequency deviation larger than the bandwidth as a large frequency deviation signal, wherein the non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in the pulse emitted by the airborne early warning radar in the step 1 is expressed as
(1)
wherein Is the baseband waveform of the LFM signal, +.>Is the pulse width of the LFM signal; for a distance of +.>Is represented as a radar received target echo signal
(2)
wherein For the complex amplitude of the target echo +.>For propagation delay of multi-carrier signals, +.>In order to achieve the light velocity, the light beam is,representing imaginary units.
Step 2: mixing and matched filtering are carried out on the target echo signals, and carrier frequency domain guide vectors of the echo signals are established;
specifically, the target echo signal is subjected to mixing and matched filtering processing to obtain a first echo signalThe individual signals are represented as
(3)
wherein ,for the echo complex amplitude after matched filtering, < + >>Representing imaginary units; establishing carrier frequency domain steering vectors of echo signals as according to (3)
(4)
Rearranging the received data after matched filtering to obtain a received signal containing targets and noise as
(5)
wherein Is a noise signal.
Step 3: constructing an expression of a carrier frequency domain static pattern according to the carrier frequency domain guide vector of the echo signal in the step 2, and further determining an optimization objective function;
specifically, the expression of the carrier frequency domain static pattern is
(6)
wherein Is static weight vector, ++>The superscript H represents conjugate transpose operation for the distance of a preset target;
further determining an optimized objective function, specifically comprising the calculation formula of the maximum sidelobe level MSLL of the directional diagram expressed as
(7)
Wherein S represents the sidelobe region of the pattern, when the main lobe width of the static pattern isWhen in use, thenAnd->，/>For the radar maximum detection distance, +.>Representing an absolute value taking operation,/->Representing the distance difference between the first zero point of the pattern and the main lobe.
Step 4: designing an fitness function optimization model according to the optimization objective function and other constraint conditions in the step 3;
specifically, according to the optimization objective function and other constraints in step 3, the method specifically includes setting the total bandwidth of the intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency signal asThen
(8)
The fitness function optimization model is designed as follows
(9)
wherein The first row of the fitness function optimization model represents an objective function, and the second and third rows represent constraint conditions; s.t. is an abbreviation for subject to, representing a constraint.
Step 5: solving the fitness function optimization model in the step 4 by utilizing a genetic algorithm to obtain an individual with the minimum fitness function value, and taking the individual as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal;
specifically, the fitness function optimization model in the step 4 is solved by utilizing a genetic algorithm, and the method specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
5.1, establish the first pulseThe carrier frequency of the individual signals is denoted->Then obtain
(10)
wherein For the minimum carrier frequency difference of adjacent signals in the pulse, the bandwidth of the single signal is taken as +.>I.e. +.>At this timeRepresenting the frequency offset added on the basis of the uniform frequency offset;
to meet the requirements ofMust have
(11)
Combining formula (8), formula (10) and formula (11)
(12)；
5.2 for the individual genes in step 5.1Initializing and ordering in order from small to large, and then transforming it into carrier frequency population ++according to equation (10)>；
5.3 calculating populationObtaining an individual with the minimum fitness function value, and determining the individual as the current optimal individual;
5.4, judging whether the current optimal individual meets the termination condition, if so, outputting an optimization result, and taking the optimization result as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal; if not, then for the individual geneAnd (3) performing genetic operations of selection, crossing and mutation, returning to the step (5.2), and obtaining an individual with the minimum fitness function value of the current iteration through the circulation, and taking the individual as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal.
Further, the intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency signal in the step 1 includes, but is not limited to, intra-pulse simultaneous multi-carrier frequency, intra-pulse continuous multi-carrier frequency, and the like;
the single signal types in the multi-carrier frequency signals in the step 1 include, but are not limited to, LFM signals, nonlinear frequency modulation signals, phase coding signals, etc.;
the optimization algorithm in the step 2 comprises, but is not limited to, a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm, a convex optimization algorithm and the like;
radar platforms to which the present invention is applicable include, but are not limited to, radar for ground, space, and the like platforms.
The invention further provides a device for designing the waveform of the non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in the pulse, which comprises at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor and the memory are connected through a data bus, the memory stores instructions executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are used for completing the method for designing the waveform of the non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in the pulse after being executed by the processor.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for designing a waveform of a non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in a pulse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the airborne early warning radar transmits a non-uniform large frequency deviation signal in a pulse and receives a target echo signal;
step 2: mixing and matched filtering are carried out on the target echo signals, and carrier frequency domain guide vectors of the echo signals are established;
step 3: constructing an expression of a carrier frequency domain static pattern according to the carrier frequency domain guide vector of the echo signal in the step 2, and further determining an optimization objective function;
step 4: designing an fitness function optimization model according to the optimization objective function and other constraint conditions in the step 3;
step 5: solving the fitness function optimization model in the step 4 by utilizing a genetic algorithm to obtain an individual with the minimum fitness function value, and taking the individual as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal;
wherein, the airborne early warning radar antenna is set asA uniform linear array formed by array elements, wherein the spacing between the array elements is +.>One CPI contains +.>Pulses, each pulse is +>Superposition of signals of different carrier frequencies +.>The carrier frequency of the individual signals is->And (2) and，/>for a single signal bandwidth, such a signal with a frequency offset greater than the bandwidth is referred to as a large frequency offset signal.
2. The method for designing a waveform of an intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal according to claim 1, wherein the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal emitted by the onboard early warning radar in step 1 is expressed as
(1)
wherein Is the baseband waveform of the LFM signal, +.>Is the pulse width of the LFM signal; for a distance of +.>Is represented as a radar received target echo signal
(2)
wherein For the complex amplitude of the target echo +.>For propagation delay of multi-carrier signals, +.>For the speed of light->Representing imaginary units.
3. The method for designing a waveform of an intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal according to claim 2, wherein in said step 2, mixing and matched filtering are performed on said target echo signal to obtain a second echo signalThe individual signals are represented as
(3)
wherein ,for the echo complex amplitude after matched filtering, < + >>Representing imaginary units; establishing echo signals according to (3)Carrier frequency domain oriented vector of (2)
(4)
Rearranging the received data after matched filtering to obtain a received signal containing targets and noise as
(5)
wherein Is a noise signal.
4. The method for designing a waveform of a large frequency offset signal with non-uniformity in a pulse according to claim 3, wherein in said step 3, the expression of the static pattern of the carrier frequency domain is as follows
(6)
wherein As a static weight vector of the set of data,the superscript H represents conjugate transpose operation for the distance of a preset target;
further determining an optimized objective function, specifically comprising the calculation formula of the maximum sidelobe level MSLL of the directional diagram expressed as
(7)
Wherein S represents the sidelobe region of the pattern, when the main lobe width of the static pattern isWhen in use, thenAnd->，/>For the radar maximum detection distance, +.>Representing an absolute value taking operation,/->Representing the distance difference between the first zero point of the pattern and the main lobe.
5. The method for designing a waveform of a non-uniform large frequency offset signal according to claim 4, wherein in step 4, the optimizing objective function and other constraints according to step 3 specifically includes setting a total bandwidth of the intra-pulse multi-carrier signal to beThen
(8)
The fitness function optimization model is designed as follows
(9)
wherein The first row of the fitness function optimization model represents an objective function, and the second and third rows represent constraint conditions; s.t. is an abbreviation for subject to, representing a constraint.
6. The method for designing a waveform of an intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal according to claim 5, wherein in step 5, the fitness function optimization model of step 4 is solved by using a genetic algorithm, and the method specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
5.1, establish the first pulseThe carrier frequency of the individual signals is denoted->Then obtain
(10)
wherein For the minimum carrier frequency difference of adjacent signals in the pulse, the bandwidth of the single signal is taken as +.>I.e. +.>At this timeRepresenting the frequency offset added on the basis of the uniform frequency offset;
to meet the requirements ofMust have
(11)
Combining formula (8), formula (10) and formula (11)
(12)；
5.2 for the individual genes in step 5.1Initializing and ordering in order from small to large, and then transforming it into carrier frequency population ++according to equation (10)>；
5.3 calculating populationObtaining an individual with the minimum fitness function value, and determining the individual as the current optimal individual;
5.4, judging whether the current optimal individual meets the termination condition, if so, outputting an optimization result, and taking the optimization result as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal; if not, then for the individual geneAnd (3) performing genetic operations of selection, crossing and mutation, returning to the step (5.2), and obtaining an individual with the minimum fitness function value of the current iteration through the circulation, and taking the individual as a frequency point of the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal.
7. The method for designing a waveform of an intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intra-pulse multi-carrier signal in step 1 comprises intra-pulse simultaneous multi-carrier or intra-pulse continuous multi-carrier; the single signal pattern in the intra-pulse multi-carrier frequency signal in the step 1 comprises: LFM signal, non-chirped signal, or phase encoded signal.
8. The method for designing a waveform of a large frequency deviation signal with non-uniformity in pulse according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optimization algorithm in step 2 comprises: genetic algorithms, particle swarm algorithms, or convex optimization algorithms.
9. The method for designing a waveform of a large frequency deviation signal with non-uniformity within a pulse according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the radar platform comprises a foundation, a space base and a space base.
10. An intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal waveform design device is characterized in that:
the method for designing the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal waveform according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising at least one processor and a memory, the at least one processor and the memory being connected by a data bus, the memory storing instructions for execution by the at least one processor, the instructions, after being executed by the processor, for performing the method for designing the intra-pulse non-uniform large frequency offset signal waveform.
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