CN116576548A - Automatic control system for constant temperature and humidity of combined air conditioning unit - Google Patents
Automatic control system for constant temperature and humidity of combined air conditioning unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN116576548A CN116576548A CN202310577737.9A CN202310577737A CN116576548A CN 116576548 A CN116576548 A CN 116576548A CN 202310577737 A CN202310577737 A CN 202310577737A CN 116576548 A CN116576548 A CN 116576548A
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 61
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/88—Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a constant temperature and humidity automatic control system of a combined air conditioning unit, which is used for the combined air conditioning unit, wherein the control system comprises a temperature control loop and a humidity control loop; the temperature control loop comprises a return air temperature PID controller, a high-temperature water valve actuator, a fan frequency converter, an environment temperature sensor and a return air temperature sensor; the humidity control loop comprises a return air humidity PID controller, a normal temperature water valve actuator and a return air humidity sensor; the temperature control loop and the humidity control loop are respectively and interactively connected through a temperature feedforward decoupler and a humidity feedforward decoupler. The combined air conditioning unit is based on the fact that the combined air conditioning unit is used for partial areas, and accurate constant temperature and humidity adjusting control is achieved while energy consumption is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air conditioning unit control, in particular to a combined air conditioning unit constant temperature and humidity automatic control system.
Background
The current combined air conditioning air treatment units of the central air conditioning system mostly adopt air internal circulation to meet the temperature and humidity requirements of a target area, and a more common automatic control mode comprises the step of adjusting the opening of a waterway valve of a surface cooler by using the return air temperature of a return air section of the unit as a reference so as to adjust the output of cold quantity and ensure the ambient temperature of a large space area. When the return air temperature value is used as feedback to adjust the cooling capacity of the target area, the period of temperature adjustment is relatively long due to the long air circulation loop. When the air temperature is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the waterway valve of the surface air cooler, the air temperature can be better and stably ensured, the temperature can be controlled to reach a stable level, and the humidity in the air can be regulated to a certain extent, so that the target area is at a proper temperature and humidity level. However, under the conditions that the climate is humid in the south and storm water frequently occurs in summer, the temperature and humidity are regulated only by the return air temperature value, so that the temperature of a target area is difficult to ensure and the environment humidity meeting the national standard condition is also difficult. In the actual operation process, the situation that the temperature is proper but the temperature is very "stuffy" often appears in partial area, therefore, it can be seen that the traditional air conditioning unit control mode is very clumsy to the elbow of the target area that the air environment condition requirement is higher, and therefore the demand that can ensure humidity while guaranteeing the temperature is very important relatively.
At present, two common dehumidification modes in the market are heating dehumidification and cooling dehumidification.
For the target area with high air environment condition requirement, such as information, weak electric machine room, etc., the air supply temperature is generally reduced greatly, and then the target area is heated and dehumidified, so as to meet the air humidity requirement of the target area. The heating and dehumidifying is to ensure that the temperature and humidity can meet the air environment condition requirement of the target area in a mode of sacrificing part of the cooling capacity on the premise of increasing the part of the cooling capacity, but the mode does not meet the requirements of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
The temperature reduction and dehumidification are to reduce the moisture content of the air by reducing the temperature of the air to the dew point temperature under the current environmental condition and enabling the vapor in the air to spontaneously condense to generate condensation water. However, the method for adjusting the opening of the waterway valve of the single-stage surface cooler by the return air temperature can only reduce the humidity to a certain extent, and cannot meet the humidity requirement of a target area. However, to meet the humidity requirement of the target area, the cooling capacity output must be increased, the air supply temperature is reduced, namely, heat exchange is performed at a larger cooling source flow rate, so that the air subjected to heat exchange is reduced to the dew point temperature under the current pressure condition to dehumidify, however, the dew point temperature of the partial area is 15.79 ℃ when the air temperature is 24 ℃ and the relative humidity of the air is 60% under the normal atmospheric pressure condition, the ambient temperature of the target area cannot be ensured after the absolute humidity of the target is ensured, and the ambient temperature of the target area is reduced to below 22 ℃. This is also a difficulty faced by the current constant temperature and humidity control in partial areas: after the absolute moisture content of the output air is controlled to be a fixed value, the ambient temperature of the target area is reduced due to overlarge cooling capacity, so that the temperature supercooling condition of the target area occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a constant temperature and humidity automatic control system of a combined air conditioning unit, which is used for solving the problem that the temperature and humidity of a large-space environment area cannot meet the design standard in the prior art; based on the system, two closed-loop control loops are arranged, namely temperature control and humidity control, after cooling and dehumidification, the air supply quantity is reduced and regulated through the temperature control loops, and meanwhile, the opening of the primary high-temperature coil pipe is used for reducing the load of cold quantity output, so that the influence of the excessive cold quantity on the ambient air temperature of a target area is avoided.
The invention provides a combined air conditioning unit constant temperature and humidity automatic control system, which has the following specific technical scheme:
the control system is used for a combined air conditioning unit and comprises a temperature control loop and a humidity control loop;
the temperature control loop comprises a return air temperature PID controller, a high-temperature water valve actuator, a fan frequency converter, an environment temperature sensor and a return air temperature sensor; and the return air temperature PID controller drives the opening of the electric two-way valve on the high-temperature primary coil pipe and the fan frequency converter to adjust the fan frequency through the high-temperature water valve actuator. The output of the PID controller is subjected to sectional control of corresponding control quantity distribution aiming at the opening degree of the high-temperature water valve and the frequency of the fan, wherein the opening degree of the high-temperature water valve is partially regulated by 0-75% in front of the PID, 75-80% is a regulating dead zone, namely a PID control buffer zone, and the air supply quantity of the fan is partially regulated by 80-100% of the PID;
the humidity control loop comprises a return air humidity PID controller, a normal temperature water valve actuator and a return air humidity sensor; the return air humidity PID controller drives the opening of an electric two-way valve on the normal-temperature secondary coil pipe through a normal-temperature water valve actuator;
the temperature control loop and the humidity control loop are respectively and interactively connected through a temperature feedforward decoupler and a humidity feedforward decoupler.
Further, the transfer function of the temperature feedforward decoupler is expressed as follows:
wherein G is 11 (s) represents the current ambient temperature control channel transfer function, G 12 (s) represents the coupling channel transfer function of humidity control on temperature.
Further, the transfer function of the humidity feedforward decoupler is expressed as follows:
wherein G is 22 (s) represents the humidity control channel transfer function, G 21 (s) represents the coupling channel transfer function of the temperature control on the influence of humidity.
Further, the transfer function model of the system is represented as follows:
where K represents the amplification factor of the adjustment region, T represents the inertia time constant of the adjustment region, and τ represents the time lag time of the adjustment region.
Further, the control system further comprises a BP neural network, and the control parameter K of the PID controller is adaptively adjusted through the BP neural network P 、T I 、T d Wherein K is P Representing the scaling factor, T, in the PID logic loop i Representing differential time, T, in PID logic cycles d Representing the integration time in the PID logic loop.
Furthermore, the control system optimizes the BP neural network through an SSA algorithm, and the specific process is as follows:
initializing a network weight based on a network structure of the BP neural network, and setting a corresponding learning rate;
given temperature and humidity input, three control parameters K of the PID controller are obtained through SSA algorithm optimization P 、T I 、T d ；
And taking the system error e as a training index of the SSA optimization algorithm to perform network training and parameter setting.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the control system realizes constant temperature and constant humidity control by utilizing PID and feedforward decoupling, realizes a combined air conditioning unit based on two-stage heat exchange coils, and can realize synchronous adjustment of constant temperature and constant humidity while realizing temperature reduction to a set value in a part of areas with uncooled temperature and humidity without wasting cold and energy consumption; meanwhile, the system eliminates the interference of the coupling relation between the temperature and the humidity through front decoupling, and realizes independent closed-loop regulation control of the temperature and the humidity;
the control system also introduces a BP neural network, and aims at different field environments, automatically carries out system modeling according to historical operation data, adaptively adjusts control parameters of a PID controller, optimizes the BP neural network through an SSA algorithm, and realizes the self-adaptive adjustment of the control parameters of different processing areas and the automatic optimization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the logical architecture of a control system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feedforward controller architecture;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control system architecture;
FIG. 4 is a sectional control diagram of a high temperature water valve fan;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of sensor and controller profiles for a combined air conditioning unit.
Detailed Description
In the following description, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship conventionally put in use of the product of the present invention as understood by those skilled in the art, merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and is not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for understanding as indicating or implying a relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention discloses a constant temperature and humidity automatic control system of a combined air conditioning unit, which is used for the combined air conditioning unit, as shown in fig. 5, and comprises a fan unit, a two-stage surface cooler unit, a plurality of temperature sensors and humidity sensors;
the fan unit comprises a fan unit, a fan air supply section, an air conditioning area and a humidity sensor, wherein the fan air supply section is communicated with the air conditioning area;
the two-stage surface cooler unit comprises a two-stage surface cooler and a surface cooling coil pipe which are correspondingly connected, wherein the surface cooling coil pipe comprises a high-temperature primary coil pipe and a normal-temperature secondary coil pipe, electric two-way valves are arranged on the surface cooling coil pipe, and first-temperature chilled water and second-temperature chilled water are respectively supplied to the surface cooling coil pipe;
in this embodiment, the temperature of the first temperature chilled water is 15-21 ℃, the temperature of the second temperature chilled water is 7-12 ℃, and the chilled water temperature can be set according to the current regional environment, which is not particularly limited herein.
The air conditioning area is communicated with the two-stage surface cooling coil pipes through a return air section, and the return air section is provided with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor.
Based on the combined air conditioning unit, the common constant temperature and humidity control is to compare a return air temperature feedback value with a set value, and perform PID calculation according to the deviation value of the return air temperature feedback value and the set value to adjust the opening of an electric two-way valve on a coil return pipe of a single-stage surface cooler to adjust the cold quantity, so as to ensure that the ambient temperature in a target area is maintained at the return air temperature set value;
meanwhile, the air conditioner temperature and humidity control system is a multivariable system with large hysteresis, time variation, nonlinearity and strong coupling, and strong coupling correlation exists between temperature and humidity. The temperature and humidity control loops are mutually interfered, so that the system can stably operate on the basis of reaching a set value, the utilization rate of the system is improved, and the temperature and humidity of the control system is independently controlled through temperature and humidity feedforward decoupling and an SSA-BP-PID algorithm;
as shown in fig. 1, the specific steps are as follows:
the control system comprises a temperature control loop and a humidity control loop;
the temperature control loop comprises a return air temperature PID controller, a high-temperature water valve actuator, a fan frequency converter, an environment temperature sensor and a return air temperature sensor;
the humidity control loop comprises a return air humidity PID controller, a normal temperature water valve actuator and a return air humidity sensor;
the high-temperature water valve actuator and the normal-temperature water valve actuator are connected with an electric two-way valve of the combined air conditioning unit to respectively control the opening degrees of the electric two-way valves on the high-temperature primary coil and the normal-temperature secondary coil;
the return air temperature sensor and the return air humidity sensor are respectively arranged at a return air section of the combined air conditioning unit and are respectively used for detecting return air temperature and return air humidity;
the environment temperature sensor is arranged in an air conditioner service target area and is used for detecting the environment temperature of the target area;
the temperature control loop and the humidity control loop are respectively and interactively connected through a temperature feedforward decoupler and a humidity feedforward decoupler.
In this embodiment, the structures of the temperature feedforward decoupler and the humidity feedforward decoupler may be adaptively adjusted according to different environments;
specifically, a system mathematical model transfer function is determined as follows:
wherein K represents an amplification factor of the adjustment region, T represents an inertia time constant of the adjustment region, and τ represents a time lag time of the adjustment region;
according to the operation data and the historical data of the combined air conditioning unit, K, T and τ are identified through a least square method after smoothing processing, and a current environment temperature control channel transfer function, a humidity control channel transfer function, a coupling channel transfer function of temperature control on humidity influence and a coupling channel transfer function of humidity control on temperature influence are obtained.
In this embodiment, the transfer function of the temperature feedforward decoupler is expressed as follows:
in this embodiment, the transfer function of the humidity feedforward decoupler is expressed as follows:
wherein G is 11 (s) represents the current ambient temperature control channel transfer function, G 22 (s) represents humidity control channel transferFunction, G 21 (s) the coupling channel transfer function, G, representing the influence of temperature control on humidity 12 (s) represents the coupling channel transfer function of humidity control on temperature.
The structure of the feedforward decoupler is determined from the transfer functions of the temperature feedforward decoupler and the humidity feedforward decoupler, as shown in fig. 2.
The temperature control loop detects the return air temperature and the service area environment temperature in real time, and in order to reduce the influence of the sensor measurement error and the actual installation position, the actual temperature of the service area is actually represented, the detected return air temperature feedback value and the environment temperature feedback value are compared and judged, namely when the difference value of the detected return air temperature feedback value and the service area environment temperature feedback value is smaller than 1 ℃, the return air temperature is used as the actual temperature feedback value, and when the difference value of the detected return air temperature feedback value and the service area environment temperature feedback value is larger than 1 ℃, the environment temperature is used as the actual temperature feedback value. PID calculation is carried out according to deviation of an actual temperature feedback value and a temperature set value, temperature and humidity decoupling is carried out by adding a feedforward decoupler in consideration of strong coupling between a temperature control loop and a humidity control loop, then the temperature and humidity decoupling is carried out, the electric two-way water valve opening and the fan frequency on a high-temperature primary coil (precooling) water return pipe are regulated after the electric two-way water valve opening and the fan frequency are accumulated with output of a PID controller, corresponding sectional control is carried out on the high-temperature water valve opening and the fan frequency in consideration of actual heat exchange capacity and energy consumption comparison of the high-temperature primary coil (precooling) and the fan, as shown in fig. 4, the high-temperature water valve opening is regulated at 0-75% part of PID output, 75% -80% is a regulating dead zone, namely a PID control buffer zone, and 80% -100% part of PID output regulates fan air supply quantity, and the upper limit and the lower limit of the actually set frequency are taken as regulating ranges. The air-water heat exchange capacity of the surface cooler section is adjusted, so that the actual temperature feedback value is ensured to be stabilized near the return air temperature set value.
The humidity control loop detects the return air humidity in real time, performs PID calculation according to the deviation between the return air humidity feedback value and the set value, and adjusts the opening of the electric two-way water valve on the normal-temperature secondary coil pipe (sub-cooling) return water pipe after accumulating with the output of the feedforward decoupler, thereby providing stable humidity and simultaneously increasing the temperature adjusting capability.
In this embodiment, the control system further includes a BP neural network, and adaptively adjusts the control parameter K of the PID controller P 、T I 、T d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The feedforward decoupler and the BP-PID controller are combined to form closed-loop control, so that the temperature and the humidity of an air-conditioning room can be stably output within a specified range, and the control effect required by the system is achieved.
In the embodiment, the BP-PID controller is optimized by adopting an SSA algorithm, so that the problem that the BP neural network is easy to fall into a local extremum is solved, and the control accuracy of the temperature and the relative humidity of an air conditioner room is further improved;
the specific process is as follows:
initializing a network weight based on a network structure of the BP neural network, and setting a corresponding learning rate;
given temperature and humidity input, three control parameters K of the PID controller are obtained through SSA algorithm optimization P 、T I 、T d Calculating a control law according to an incremental PID algorithm;
and taking the system error e as a training index of the SSA optimization algorithm to perform network training and parameter setting.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the control system further includes a PLC controller, a system switch, a system upper computer workstation, a control algorithm integration server, a system client, and a VPN router.
The PLC is connected with the PID controller, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor, receives the temperature sensor data and uploads the temperature sensor data to the system server in real time through a network, the system server stores the data to the historical database and the real-time database for user interface reading, and meanwhile the system server provides functions of system configuration, control program writing, user interface configuration and the like and has a data docking function for an external system.
In consideration of independent networking requirements of user systems, a VPN router is additionally arranged for facilitating external access.
And the calculation and data storage capacity of the PLC in the air conditioning unit are limited, and the control parameters in the current environment are calculated in real time through the control algorithm integrated server and are issued to the PLC, so that the real-time performance of system response is ensured.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (7)
1. The constant temperature and humidity automatic control system for the combined air conditioning unit is characterized by comprising a temperature control loop and a humidity control loop;
the temperature control loop comprises a return air temperature PID controller, a high-temperature water valve actuator, a fan frequency converter, an environment temperature sensor and a return air temperature sensor;
the humidity control loop comprises a return air humidity PID controller, a normal temperature water valve actuator and a return air humidity sensor;
the temperature control loop and the humidity control loop are respectively and interactively connected through a temperature feedforward decoupler and a humidity feedforward decoupler.
2. The automatic control system for constant temperature and humidity of a combined air conditioning unit according to claim 1, wherein the transfer function of the temperature feedforward decoupler is expressed as follows:
wherein G is 11 (s) represents the current ambient temperature control channel transfer function, G 12 (s) represents the coupling channel transfer function of humidity control on temperature.
3. The automatic control system for constant temperature and humidity of a combined air conditioning unit according to claim 1, wherein the transfer function of the humidity feedforward decoupler is expressed as follows:
wherein G is 22 (s) represents the humidity control channel transfer function, G 21 (s) represents the coupling channel transfer function of the temperature control on the influence of humidity.
4. A combined air conditioning unit constant temperature and humidity automatic control system according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that the transfer function model of the system is expressed as follows:
where K represents the amplification factor of the adjustment region, T represents the inertia time constant of the adjustment region, and τ represents the time lag time of the adjustment region.
5. The automatic control system for constant temperature and humidity of combined air conditioning unit according to claim 1, wherein the control system further comprises a BP neural network, and the PID controller control parameter K is adaptively adjusted through the BP neural network P 、T i 、T d Wherein K is P Representing the scaling factor, T, in the PID logic loop i Representing differential time, T, in PID logic cycles d Representing the integration time in the PID logic loop.
6. The automatic control system for constant temperature and humidity of a combined air conditioning unit according to claim 1, wherein the output of the PID controller is allocated with respect to the opening degree of the high temperature water valve and the frequency of the blower;
wherein the opening of the high-temperature water valve is partially regulated by 0-75% before PID, 75-80% is a regulating dead zone, namely PID controls a buffer zone, and 80-100% of PID finally regulates the air quantity of the fan.
7. The automatic control system for constant temperature and humidity of a combined air conditioning unit according to claim 5, wherein the control system further optimizes the BP neural network by adopting an SSA algorithm, and the specific process is as follows:
initializing a network weight based on a network structure of the BP neural network, and setting a corresponding learning rate;
given temperature and humidity input, three control parameters K of the PID controller are obtained through SSA algorithm optimization P 、T i 、T d ；
And taking the system error e as a training index of the SSA optimization algorithm to perform network training and parameter setting.
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| CN202310577737.9A CN116576548A (en) | 2023-05-22 | 2023-05-22 | Automatic control system for constant temperature and humidity of combined air conditioning unit |
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