CN116565533A - Miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna - Google Patents
Miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN116565533A CN116565533A CN202310817929.2A CN202310817929A CN116565533A CN 116565533 A CN116565533 A CN 116565533A CN 202310817929 A CN202310817929 A CN 202310817929A CN 116565533 A CN116565533 A CN 116565533A
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna, which comprises: an antenna unit; the antenna unit includes: a dielectric substrate and two radiating patches; the two radiation patches are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation patch is provided with a plurality of slots; the radiation patches and the slots are distributed in an axisymmetric manner about the same central line of the dielectric substrate; the slots are distributed according to current paths with minimum surface current or less than 0.1A/m surface current at the antenna frequency points; the current path is fitted by a cubic polynomial; the antenna unit is a Vivaldi antenna. By adopting the ultra-wideband antenna, the miniaturization can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna.
Background
Radar reconnaissance systems typically employ antennas to receive various radar signals. With the rapid development of the electronic information field, an antenna is one of the most important components in wireless communication, and is naturally required to be continuously updated to adapt to more complex and variable communication systems and environments. Wireless communication applications have placed higher demands on the overall performance of antennas in recent years. Antennas are generally required to have advantages in various aspects, and thus antennas having excellent overall performance are increasingly being considered.
In this regard, due to the increasing complexity of electromagnetic environments, higher demands are being made on the sensitivity of radar detection devices to receive signals, and the related research on radar polarization is becoming more and more intensive, and demands on antenna miniaturization and ultra-wideband are becoming more and more urgent, and related research is attracting attention.
In the prior art, few antennas can simultaneously realize miniaturization and ultra-wideband, or can simultaneously realize miniaturization and ultra-wideband, but the application range of the antennas is narrowed at the cost of sacrificing the antenna gain, or the antenna structure is complex, the design and the processing are not easy, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna that can achieve a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna without sacrificing antenna gain.
A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna, comprising: an antenna unit;
the antenna unit includes: a dielectric substrate and two radiating patches; the two radiation patches are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate;
the radiation patch is provided with a plurality of slots; the radiation patches and the slots are distributed in an axisymmetric manner about the same central line of the dielectric substrate;
the slots are distributed according to current paths with minimum surface currents or surface currents less than 0.1A/m at the antenna frequency points.
In one embodiment, the current path is fitted by a cubic polynomial.
In one embodiment, the antenna element is a Vivaldi antenna.
In one embodiment, the antenna unit further comprises: a super-surface lens arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate;
the super-surface lenses and the two radiation patches are arranged at intervals, and the super-surface lenses are distributed in an axisymmetric mode relative to a central line of the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, the refractive index of the super surface lens is greater than the refractive index of air.
In one embodiment, the super surface lens comprises: a plurality of arrayed super-surface sub-mirrors;
the number of the plurality of the super-surface sub-mirrors increases in fibonacci number along a direction from the edge of the dielectric substrate toward the center line of the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, the super-surface sub-mirror comprises: a first portion and four second portions;
the first part is of a square annular structure;
the second part is of a strip-shaped structure; one corresponding end of the four second parts is respectively and vertically connected with the midpoint of one side of the square annular structure, and the other corresponding end extends in a direction away from the first part.
In one embodiment, the number of antenna elements is two;
the two antenna units are crisscrossed to be connected.
In one embodiment, the center line along the length direction of the dielectric substrate is taken as a symmetry axis, and the antenna unit is further provided with: slots distributed along the symmetry axis;
the directions of the slots on the two antenna units are opposite, and the bottoms of the slots on the two antenna units are relatively abutted.
In one embodiment, the antenna unit further comprises: a feed structure provided on the back surface of the dielectric substrate;
the feed structure includes: the fan-shaped branches, the connecting wires and the microstrip feeder are connected in sequence to form the balun structure.
According to the miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna, the curve slot which is matched with the current path is arranged on the radiation patch of the antenna, so that impedance matching near a corresponding frequency point is improved, S11 at a low frequency is reduced in a targeted manner, the bandwidth is expanded, and the antenna gain is not sacrificed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front perspective view of an antenna element in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment;
fig. 2 is a rear perspective view of an antenna element in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an antenna element in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment;
fig. 4 is a bottom view of an antenna unit in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a first schematic diagram of two antenna elements in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a second schematic diagram of two antenna elements in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a third schematic diagram of two antenna elements in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a surface current profile of a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment, where (a) is the surface current profile at 4GHz and (b) is the surface current profile at 5.5 GHz;
FIG. 9 is an extraction plot of a cubic fit curve function in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to one embodiment, wherein (a) is a surface current graph, (b) is a scattergram extracted from the surface current graph, and (c) is a fitted cubic curve graph from the extracted scattergram;
FIG. 10 is a S11 comparison of a fitting curve slot and a rectangular slot in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a super-surface sub-mirror in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to one embodiment, where (a) is a top view and (b) is a side view;
FIG. 12 is a graph of refractive index contrast for a quadrangle nail and cross-shaped super surface sub-mirror in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a graph of performance parameters of a super-surface sub-mirror in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna, according to one embodiment;
FIG. 14 is a graph showing gain contrast for various arrangements of sub-mirrors in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna, according to one embodiment;
FIG. 15 is an illustration of incident and transmitted waves at the interface of a subsurface sub-mirror and air for a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 16 is a graph of S11 and S22 for a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 17 is an S12 graph of a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 18 is a graph of gain for a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a radiation pattern at 5GHz for two antenna elements in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment, where (a) is one antenna element and (b) is the other antenna element;
FIG. 20 is a radiation pattern at 9 GHz for two antenna elements in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna in accordance with one embodiment, where (a) is one antenna element and (b) is another antenna element;
fig. 21 is a radiation pattern at 13GHz for two antenna elements in a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to one embodiment, where (a) is one antenna element and (b) is the other antenna element.
Reference numerals illustrate:
a dielectric substrate 1, a radiation patch 2, a slot 3, and a super-surface lens 4;
fan-shaped branch 51, connecting wire 52, microstrip feeder 53.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present application are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is correspondingly changed.
In addition, descriptions such as those related to "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated in this application. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality of sets" means at least two sets, e.g., two sets, three sets, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be either permanently attached or removably attached, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, physically connected or wirelessly connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solutions, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent, and is not within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
The present application provides a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna, as shown in fig. 1-7, comprising, in one embodiment: an antenna unit.
The antenna unit includes: one dielectric substrate 1 and two radiating patches 2; the two radiation patches are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate.
The dielectric substrate 1 was formed of Rogers5880, had a dielectric constant of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, and a thickness of 0.508mm.
A plurality of slots 3 are arranged on the radiation patch 2; the radiation patches and the slots are axisymmetrically distributed about the same center line of the dielectric substrate.
The number, position and shape of the slots 3 are distributed according to the current path with minimum surface current or surface current less than 0.1A/m. The slot structure based on the surface current path can be more effectively attached to the radiation patch, so that the current flow path along the slot becomes longer, the effective current path is prolonged, energy is restrained near the slot, impedance matching near a corresponding frequency point is well improved, S11 at a low frequency is further reduced in a targeted manner, the bandwidth is expanded, and miniaturization is realized.
Specifically, the path analysis is performed on the surface current at the corresponding frequency point (the frequency point to be reduced) of the antenna, and a current path curve with the minimum surface current or the surface current smaller than 0.1A/m is selected, and the curve is in axisymmetric distribution about the antenna under the normal condition. The number, position and shape of the slots are respectively the same as the number, position and shape of the minimum paths of the surface current at the corresponding frequency points of the antenna, or the number, position and shape of the slots are respectively the same as the number, position and shape of the paths of the surface current at the corresponding frequency points of the antenna, which are smaller than 0.1A/m. When more than one current paths at different frequency points are overlapped, the number of the current paths is not calculated repeatedly, and only one slot is arranged at the corresponding position.
Preferably, the current path is fitted by a curve.
Further preferably, the current path is fitted by a cubic polynomial curve, the cubic polynomial curve is obtained by a cubic polynomial fitting function, so that impedance matching near a corresponding frequency point is improved to the maximum extent, and the slot structure fitted by the cubic polynomial curve is more matched with the current path, and the bandwidth is better expanded.
Still further preferably, the antenna unit is a Vivaldi antenna, and two radiation patches are used as two radiation arms of the Vivaldi antenna, so that the bandwidth is further expanded, and the gain and the directional radiation capability are improved. The conventional Vivaldi antenna needs a larger size to obtain good performance, so that the application range of the Vivaldi antenna is limited, and the slot fitting the current path is designed on the Vivaldi antenna, so that miniaturization is further realized on the basis of ultra-wideband.
According to the miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna, the curve slot which is matched with the current path is arranged on the radiation patch of the antenna, so that impedance matching near a corresponding frequency point is improved to the greatest extent, S11 at a low frequency is reduced in a targeted manner, and the bandwidth is expanded on the premise of not sacrificing the gain.
In one embodiment, the antenna unit further comprises: a super-surface lens 4 provided on the front surface of the dielectric substrate; the super-surface lenses and the two radiation patches are arranged at intervals, and the super-surface lenses are axisymmetrically distributed relative to a central line of the dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the refractive index of the super surface lens is greater than the refractive index of air.
Further preferably, the super surface lens includes: a plurality of super-surface sub-mirrors distributed in an array at intervals; the number of the super-surface sub-mirrors is increased gradually along the direction from the edge of the medium substrate to the center line of the medium substrate in a fibonacci sequence, so that a phase compensation lens structure is formed, the directivity of a wave beam is enhanced, and the gain of the antenna is improved, and especially the gain at a high frequency is improved obviously.
Still further preferably, the super-surface sub-mirror comprises: a first portion and four second portions; the first part is of a square annular structure; the second part is a strip-shaped structure; one corresponding end of the four second parts is respectively and vertically connected with the midpoint of one side of the square annular structure, and the other corresponding end extends in a direction away from the first part. The four-angle nail type super-surface lens can improve the gain of the antenna without increasing the size of the antenna, thereby realizing miniaturization while improving the gain. It should be noted that the width of the first portion is equal to that of the second portion, and the length of the inner ring of the first portion is equal to that of the second portion, so as to achieve higher gain.
In one embodiment, the number of antenna elements is two; the two antenna elements are cross-connected.
Preferably, the antenna unit further comprises: slots distributed along the symmetry axis; the directions of the slots on the two antenna units are opposite, and the bottoms of the slots on the two antenna units are relatively abutted.
The antenna is made into a dual-polarized antenna, can realize dual polarization, receives all polarization information, has stronger anti-interference capability, can improve the sensitivity of the system, and is more suitable for engineering applications such as radar systems and the like.
In one embodiment, the antenna unit further comprises: a circular cavity structure arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate and a feed structure arranged on the back surface of the dielectric substrate; the feed structure includes: the fan-shaped branch 51, the connection line 52, and the microstrip feed line 53 are sequentially connected to form a balun structure, thereby improving antenna impedance matching.
Preferably, the microstrip feed line adopts a trapezoid structure to achieve better impedance matching.
The antenna is fed by adopting a balun structure, and the impedance of a feed port is 50 ohms and is matched with an SMA interface.
In a specific embodiment, the three-degree polynomial fitting curve function is obtained through analysis and multiple point fitting of the surface current of the target frequency point to be reduced:where s is a scaling factor, s= 2.76841 is calculated by the prior art. The number of slots on each radiation patch is 4, the width of the slots is 4mm, the positions of the slots are matched with current distribution, and the width of the slots is selected to be 0.65mm.
The electromagnetic full-wave simulation software CST is used for simulation analysis and optimization of the antenna, and the structural parameters, the S11 parameters, the S21 parameters, the gain of the antenna and the radiation pattern of the antenna are researched.
For a monopole antenna, its overall size isThe space volume is only 0.3299λ 2 （mm 2 ) Where λ is the wavelength at the lowest frequency in the bandwidth range, the bandwidth ranges from 2.07 to 13.86GHz, the bandwidth is 148%, and the gain is 12.32dBi.
As shown in fig. 8, the S11 parameter of the designed antenna is greater than-10 dB at 4GHz and around 5.5GHz, at which time the designed antenna has no good bandwidth characteristics, particularly at low frequencies. The surface current distribution at 4GHz and 5.5GHz is shown as shown in fig. 8 (a) and 8 (b), the edge of the antenna is corrugated, the slot is designed according to the three-time polynomial curve fitting, the path of the surface current is changed, the energy is better constrained to the vicinity of the slot, the slot fitted by the three-time polynomial curve fitting fits the current path, so that the impedance matching characteristics of the vicinity of 4GHz and 5.5GHz are improved to the greatest extent, the low-frequency impedance bandwidth is reduced, the bandwidth is further expanded, and the miniaturization is realized.
As shown in fig. 9, a cubic fit curve function extraction is performed, specifically: converting the current paths needing to be prolonged at 4GHz and 5.5GHz into curves as shown in fig. 9 (a), obtaining a scatter diagram as shown in fig. 9 (b) through extraction, equivalently converting the curves into data points, finally fitting 5 curves into a cubic polynomial fitting function curve as shown in fig. 9 (c), designing a fitting curve slot Vivaldi antenna based on the current paths according to the functions, wherein compared with the traditional rectangular slot loading, the fitting curve slot can be more effectively attached to a radiation arm structure, so that the current flowing path along the slot is longer, the effective path of the current is prolonged, impedance matching near a specific frequency point is improved, S11 at a low frequency is reduced in a targeted manner, and the bandwidth is expanded.
As shown in fig. 10, a comparison plot of the third order polynomial fit curve slot and the corresponding rectangular slot based on the current path is given as S11. Simulation results show that the rectangular slot has a bandwidth range of 2.27GHz-13GHz, while the fitted curve slot has a bandwidth range of 2.07GHz-13.86GHz. From this, the expansion effect of the fitting curve slot on the bandwidth is more obvious, the bandwidth range is reduced by 0.2GHz at low frequency, and the bandwidth is increased by 0.86GHz at high frequency, compared with the whole bandwidth which is increased by 8%.
As shown in fig. 11, a four-corner nail-type phase compensation super-surface sub-mirror structure was designed, in which the width was 0.15mm, the side length of the square ring structure was 1.2mm, the length of the nail-type (i.e., bar-shaped structure) was 0.9mm, and the pitch was 0.1mm, and the structure design was integrated on an antenna dielectric substrate as a phase compensation lens structure to maintain the advantage of miniaturization while improving the gain at high frequencies. The refractive indices of the four-angle nail-type subsurface sub-mirror and the cross-type subsurface sub-mirror are shown in fig. 12.
As shown in fig. 13, frequency domain simulation of the super surface sub-mirror in CST gave performance parameters, in the bandwidth range of 2-14GHz,the working band of the designed antenna is completely covered, namely, the working bandwidth of the increased super-surface sub-mirror does not affect the ultra-wideband characteristic of the antenna. The value of S12 is close to 0, indicating that the expected loss of the designed super-surface sub-mirror is almost negligible. Meanwhile, the refractive index of the super-surface sub-mirror is larger than 4.45, so that the designed super-surface lens has a refractive index larger than that of air, and the directivity of a beam can be enhanced.
As shown in fig. 14, the super-surface sub-mirrors of the antenna are in a comparison of fibonacci arrangement (solid line) and an arithmetic series arrangement (dashed line). As can be seen from fig. 14, when the mirrors are arranged in an arithmetic array, the total number of the sub mirrors on the surface is 72; when arranged in a fibonacci sequence, the number of the super-surface sub-mirrors is 66. The fibonacci number series arrangement mode has the advantages that the gain at a high frequency is higher while the number of the super-surface sub-mirrors is less than 6, and the maximum gain can be increased by 0.2dBi. This arrangement is advantageous in comparison.
As shown in fig. 15, a schematic diagram of the propagation of electromagnetic waves at the interface of the subsurface lens and air is shown. Placing a subsurface sub-mirror on a radiating arm of an antennaThe main purpose of the two is to design the effective refractive index n to be larger thanIs effective on the surface of the substrate. Has refractive index->And->The relation between the incident wave and the transmitted wave at the interface between the two media at the interface can be represented by the formula ∈>And (3) representing. When->Is greater than->Refraction angle in air>Greater than the angle of incidence in the lens->So that the electric field is concentrated at the center of the antenna aperture, thereby improving the directivity of the antenna.
As shown in fig. 16, a dual polarized antenna (more specifically, a dual polarized super surface lens fitting curve slot Vivaldi antenna) was simulated to obtain a simulation diagram. As can be seen from fig. 16, the bandwidth of the dual polarized antenna is 2.17GHz-13.7GHz, and the two dual polarized antenna elements are slightly different from S11 of the single polarized antenna, which is related to the change of the surface current by the dual polarized slot, and the change of the current causes the bandwidth of the antenna to be slightly reduced. The working bandwidth reaches 145.3%, and the antenna belongs to an ultra-wideband antenna.
As shown in fig. 17, a simulation is performed on the dual polarized super surface lens fitting curve slot Vivaldi antenna to obtain a simulation S12 diagram. It can be seen that the isolation of the dual-polarized antenna is less than-25 dB in the whole bandwidth range, and is less than-30 dB in the working range of more than 80%, so that the dual-polarized antenna has better isolation characteristics.
Fig. 18 shows a gain graph of a dual polarized antenna, where two antenna units are respectively referred to as a simulation unit 1 and a simulation unit 2, and it can be seen that the gain of the antenna is between 2GHz and 14GHz, the lowest gain is about 5.25dBi, and the highest gain is 12.32dBi. Compared with an antenna without a super-surface lens, the gain is obviously improved at a high frequency, and the maximum gain can be improved by 0.81dBi.
Fig. 19 to 21 show the radiation patterns of one antenna unit and the radiation patterns of the other antenna unit of different frequency points in the working frequency band, and the radiation patterns of the one antenna unit and the other antenna unit can be seen from the patterns to be directional radiation characteristics, so that the radiation performance of the antenna is good. The patterns of one antenna unit and the other antenna unit are slightly different but have little overall difference, and the difference is caused by the fact that the antenna units have slightly different structures due to different slots when the crossed dual-polarized antenna is formed. But the overall structure of the antenna is similar, so that the main beam difference of the radiation pattern of the antenna is not great.
In sum, the antenna designs the fitting curve slot fitting the current path, utilizes the corrugated edge structure fitting the surface current path to more effectively reduce S11 at the corresponding frequency point, furthest improves the impedance matching at the corresponding frequency point, expands the bandwidth, ensures that the working frequency band is 2.17GHz-13.7GHz, ensures that the bandwidth reaches 145.3%, and has the overall size ofThe volume of the space is only +.>The antenna gain is 5.25dBi-12.32dBi in the working frequency band, the highest gain reaches 12.32dBi, the isolation is smaller than-30 dB in the whole bandwidth range, smaller than-35 dB in the bandwidth range of more than 80%, the isolation characteristic is better, S11 is smaller than-15 dB in the antenna bandwidth, S21 is basically 0, the original antenna bandwidth is not affected, the refractive index of the super-surface lens is between 4.45 and 4.55, and the super-surface lens has the refractive characteristic. Meanwhile, by adding the phase compensation lens, the phase compensation lens is not addedThe large size does not affect miniaturization of the antenna while increasing the gain of the antenna, particularly at high frequencies. In addition, the antenna has higher gain and isolation, so that the antenna is suitable for being applied to scenes with high polarization sensitivity, and the space size of the antenna is only +.>The antenna has the advantages of small size, simple processing and portability, realizes miniaturization of the antenna, and can be applied to application scenes such as radar reconnaissance systems.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna, comprising: an antenna unit;
the antenna unit includes: a dielectric substrate and two radiating patches; the two radiation patches are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate;
the radiation patch is provided with a plurality of slots; the radiation patches and the slots are distributed in an axisymmetric manner about the same central line of the dielectric substrate;
the slots are distributed according to current paths with minimum surface currents or surface currents less than 0.1A/m at the antenna frequency points.
2. The miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein the current path is fitted by a cubic polynomial.
3. The miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna of claim 2, wherein the antenna element is a Vivaldi antenna.
4. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the antenna unit further comprises: a super-surface lens arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate;
the super-surface lenses and the two radiation patches are arranged at intervals, and the super-surface lenses are distributed in an axisymmetric mode relative to a central line of the dielectric substrate.
5. The miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna of claim 4, wherein the refractive index of the ultra-surface lens is greater than the refractive index of air.
6. The miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna of claim 5, wherein the ultra-surface lens comprises: a plurality of arrayed super-surface sub-mirrors;
the number of the plurality of the super-surface sub-mirrors increases in fibonacci number along a direction from the edge of the dielectric substrate toward the center line of the dielectric substrate.
7. The miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna of claim 6, wherein the ultra-surface sub-mirror comprises: a first portion and four second portions;
the first part is of a square annular structure;
the second part is of a strip-shaped structure; one corresponding end of the four second parts is respectively and vertically connected with the midpoint of one side of the square annular structure, and the other corresponding end extends in a direction away from the first part.
8. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the number of antenna elements is two;
the two antenna units are crisscrossed to be connected.
9. The miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna of claim 8, wherein the antenna unit is further provided with: slots distributed along the symmetry axis;
the directions of the slots on the two antenna units are opposite, and the bottoms of the slots on the two antenna units are relatively abutted.
10. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the antenna unit further comprises: a feed structure provided on the back surface of the dielectric substrate;
the feed structure includes: the fan-shaped branches, the connecting wires and the microstrip feeder are connected in sequence to form the balun structure.
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