CN116496312A - 一种手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- -1 silane compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PGZVFRAEAAXREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C PGZVFRAEAAXREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LLCCPPYTDZJRIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C)(C)C)(=O)OC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O Chemical compound C(C(C)(C)C)(=O)OC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O LLCCPPYTDZJRIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical group CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- WZKSXHQDXQKIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N F[C](F)F Chemical group F[C](F)F WZKSXHQDXQKIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 41
- 238000004896 high resolution mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 30
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000000179 1,2-aminoalcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXZCIYUJYUESMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)CN1CCOCC1 XXZCIYUJYUESMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWSJZGAPAVMETJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-ethoxypyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)OCC WWSJZGAPAVMETJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYELSNVLZVIGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-5-ethylpyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C=NN(C=1CC)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 FYELSNVLZVIGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRPAUEVGEGEPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 ZRPAUEVGEGEPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Br VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006202 Sharpless epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC=C BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001022 anti-muscarinic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940035678 anti-parkinson drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007036 catalytic synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012069 chiral reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000039 congener Substances 0.000 description 1
- FIRQYUPQXNPTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk0i2755 Chemical class N[SiH2]N FIRQYUPQXNPTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]Cl MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001580 isotactic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002953 preparative HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004819 silanols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0244—Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0814—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring is substituted at a C ring atom by Si
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/0825—Preparations of compounds not comprising Si-Si or Si-cyano linkages
- C07F7/083—Syntheses without formation of a Si-C bond
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的制备方法,主要包括如下步骤:将含硅二酚、二苯乙酸特戊酸酐、手性异硫脲催化剂以及有机碱加入到有机溶剂中,降温至‑30~‑50℃进行反应,反应完全后,后处理得到所述的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物。该制备方法立体选择性好,操作方便,后处理简单,避免了使用可能会在产物中残留的重金属催化剂,反应原料廉价易得,底物官能团兼容性好,可以方便地进行放大处理,实用性较强,更可根据实际需要设计合成出多样化的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物,便于操作的同时拓宽了此方法的应用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,尤其涉及一种手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
有机硅化合物长期以来一直被当作重要的试剂和合成砌块广泛应用于合成化学、医药化学和材料科学等领域。近年来,用手性硅原子替代手性碳原子所得的光学纯有机硅化合物,由于其表现出来的显著的化学性质与生物活性,越来越引起人们的兴趣。例如:使用手性的单体得到全同立构聚合物A的比例(52%)比使用消旋单体所得(25%)高出一倍多(Macromolecules 1998,31,551-553.);化合物B所展现出来的抗毒蕈碱的活性(主要用于抗帕金森病类药物)比它的碳同类物更高(J.Organomet.Chem.1996,521,305-323.);而化合物C则是一类新型合成的具有硅螺手性的配体,在不对称合成中显示出优秀的选择性(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2020,59,8937-8940.):
现如今文献报道中获取手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法主要有:
1)直接使用制备级的高效液相色谱(HPLC)搭配手性柱对外消旋的硅烷化合物进行光学拆分(Chem.Lett.1999,28,549–550.):该方法由于受限于色谱柱的分离能力,一般只能得到少量的光学纯硅烷化合物。
2)四异丙氧基钛与酒石酸盐催化的环己烯硅醇的Katsuki-Sharpless环氧化动力学拆分(J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun.1993,436-437.):该反应仅在取代基是环己基时才能取得较好的结果,底物局限性较大。
3)手性1,2-氨基醇与二氨基硅烷先环化再开环最后还原制备光学纯的单氢硅烷(J.Organomet.Chem.2009,694,2171–2178.):该方法需要使用当量的手性1,2-氨基醇作为辅基参与反应,且需经过三步反应才能得到最终产物。
4)铑催化二氢硅烷与水反应制备手性硅醇(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2022,61,e202204912.):该反应需要使用价格昂贵、有毒易残留的重金属催化剂,代价较高。
综上所述,尽管近来对手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的需求越来越迫切,但是当前所建立的方法大都具有或分离效率不高,或底物局限性较大,或步骤繁多操作复杂,或需要使用当量手性试剂和有毒易残留的重金属催化剂等缺点。有鉴于此,我们发展了一种使用绿色环保且方便易得的手性异硫脲试剂来催化合成含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种绿色环保地制备手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,该方法立体选择性较好,操作方便,后处理简单,底物适用范围广,且无需涉及到可能会残留在产物中的有毒金属试剂;此外,该方法还可以直接放大到克级,为进一步在工业上应用提供了潜在的可能。
一种手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,主要包括如下步骤:将含硅二酚、二苯乙酸特戊酸酐、手性异硫脲催化剂以及有机碱加入到有机溶剂中,降温至-30~-50℃进行反应,反应完全后,后处理得到所述的含硅立体中心硅烷化合物;
所述的含硅二酚的结构如式(II)所示:
所述的二苯乙酸特戊酸酐的结构如式(III):
所述的手性异硫脲催化剂的结构如式(IV)所示:
所述的有机碱的结构如式(V)所示:
所述的含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
式(Ⅰ)~(III)中,R1为取代或者未取代的苯基、萘基或者杂环基,所述的苯基上的取代基选自C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧基、三氟甲基或卤素,取代位置为苯环上的任意位置;
R2为C1~C7烷基或者环丙基;
R3为H、C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧基或卤素,取代位置为苯环上的任意位置。
其中,所述的烷基为烷烃分子中少掉一个氢原子而形成的取代基,进一步优选为直链烷基。
所述的含硅二酚:二苯乙酸特戊酸酐:手性异硫脲催化剂:有机碱=1:1.5:0.2:1.5;
反应式如下:
反应中可能是手性异硫脲催化剂(IV)先进攻二苯乙酸特戊酸酐(III)生成二苯乙酰异硫脲铵盐中间体,然后含硅二酚(II)的其中一个酚羟基立体选择性地进攻这个活化的二苯乙酰基,最终在有机碱DIPEA(V)的协助下,异硫脲催化剂脱离生成手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I)。
本发明中,可选用的后处理过程包括:过滤,硅胶拌样,最后经过柱层析纯化得到相应的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物,采用柱层析纯化为本领域常用的技术手段。
作为优选,R1为取代或者未取代的苯基、2-萘基或者2-噻吩基;
所述苯基上的取代基为对甲氧基、对三氟甲基、对氟、对氯、对甲基、间甲基或者邻甲基,此时,所述的含硅二酚容易得到,并且反应的产率较高,立体选择性较好。其中,取代基的编号顺序按照IUPAC命名法确定。
作为优选,R2为甲基、乙基、正丁基、正庚基或者环丙基。此时,所述的含硅二酚容易得到,并且反应的产率较高,立体选择性较好。
作为优选,R3为甲氧基、甲基、叔丁基或者氟。此时,所述的含硅二酚容易得到,并且反应的产率较高,立体选择性较好。其中,取代基的编号顺序按照IUPAC命名法确定。
所述的二苯乙酸特戊酸酐廉价易得,相对于所述的含硅二酚的用量为过量,为确保反应进行地较完全,有机碱相对于所述的含硅二酚的用量也为过量,作为优选,以摩尔量计,含硅二酚:二苯乙酸特戊酸酐:手性异硫脲催化剂:有机碱=1:1.5:0.2:1.5。
作为优选,所述的反应的温度为-40℃,反应温度过高产物的立体选择性会下降,相反则难以保证反应的完全。
作为优选,所述的反应的时间为72小时,反应时间过长增加反应成本,相反则难以保证反应的完全。
本发明中,能将原料充分溶解的有机溶剂都能使反应发生,但反应效率差别较大,优选为非质子性溶剂,非质子性溶剂能够有效地促进反应的进行;作为优选,所述的非质子性有机溶剂为甲苯或者二氯甲烷;作为进一步的优选,所述的有机溶剂为甲苯,此时,各种原料都能以较高的转化率转化成产物。
所述的有机溶剂的用量能将原料较好的溶解即可,0.1mmol的含硅二酚使用的有机溶剂的量约为1mL。
作为进一步的优选,所述的含硅立体中心硅烷化合物为式(I-1)-式(I-10)所示化合物中的一种:
上述制备方法中,所述的二苯乙酸特戊酸酐、手性异硫脲催化剂以及有机碱采用市售产品,都能从市场上方便地得到,所述的含硅二酚可由相应的二氯硅烷、邻溴苯酚和烯丙基溴简便快捷地合成。
同现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:该制备方法立体选择性好,操作方便,后处理简单,避免了使用可能会在产物中残留的重金属催化剂;反应原料廉价易得,底物官能团兼容性好,可根据实际需要设计合成出多样化的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物,实用性较强。
附图说明
图1为实施例16中得到的产物(I-8)的核磁氢谱图;
图2为实施例16的得到的产物(I-8)的核磁碳谱图;
图3的下图为实施例16的得到的产物(I-8)的高效液相色谱图,上图为按照实施例16的方法,但是不加催化剂得到的相应的非手性产物。
图4为实施例16的得到的产物(I-8)的高分辨质谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的描述,但需要强调的是本发明决不仅限于这几个实施例所表示内容。
实施例1~19
按照表1的原料配比在10ml的Schlenk管(或100ml的Schlenk管)中依次加入含硅二酚(II)、二苯乙酸特戊酸酐(III)、手性异硫脲催化剂(IV)、有机碱(V)和有机溶剂,混合搅拌均匀,按照表2的反应条件反应完成后,过滤,硅胶拌样,经过柱层析纯化得到相应的手性含硅立体中心硅烷(Ⅰ),反应过程如下式所示:
表1
表2
表1和表2中,T为反应温度,Ph为苯基,Me为甲基,n-Bu为正丁基,c-Pr为环丙基,Naphthyl为萘基,Thienyl为噻吩基,er为对映异构体比例。
实施例1~19制备得到部分化合物的结构确认数据:
由实施例8制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-1)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.38-7.06(m,17H),6.88(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.90(br,1H),4.49(s,1H),0.70(s,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.6,160.7,155.9,137.9,137.8,137.1,136.8,135.4,135.1,131.7,131.0,129.6,128.7,128.5,128.4,128.1,127.2,125.5,121.5,120.9,120.8,115.4,56.6,-3.1.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+calcd.for C33H28NaO3Si+523.1700,found 523.1696.
HPLC analysis:92:8er,[CHIRALPAK OD-H column;1.0mL/min;solvent system:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:11.0min(minor),14.0min(major)].
由实施例10制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-2)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43-7.38(m,3H),7.31-7.19(m,9H),7.16-7.12(m,4H),7.06(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.91-6.85(m,3H),6.72(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.99(br,1H),4.52(s,1H),3.78(s,3H),0.71(s,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,160.9,160.7,155.9,137.9,137.8,137.1,136.7,136.6,131.7,131.0,128.7,128.6,128.5,128.4,127.6,127.2,127.1,125.7,125.5,121.5,121.1,120.7,115.4,114.0,56.6,55.0,-2.9.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+calcd.for C34H30NaO4Si+553.1806,found 553.1812.
HPLC analysis:95:5er,[CHIRALPAK OD-H column;1.0mL/min;solvent system:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:15.0min(minor),17.5min(major)].
由实施例11制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-3)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.32-7.19(m,13H),7.16-7.10(m,4H),7.07-7.05(m,2H),6.89(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.71(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.91(br,1H),4.50(s,1H),2.25(s,3H),0.71(s,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,160.7,155.9,137.9,137.8,137.6,137.2,136.8,135.6,135.0,132.1,131.7,131.0,130.6,128.7,128.6,128.5,128.4,128.1,127.4,127.2,127.1,125.5,121.5,120.9,120.7,115.4,56.6,21.5,-3.0.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for C34H31O3Si+515.2037,found515.2033.
HPLC analysis:87:13er,[CHIRALPAK OD-H column;1.0mL/min;solventsystem:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:9.3min(minor),11.1min(major)].
由实施例12制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-4)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.01(s,1H),7.83-7.74(m,3H),7.57-7.39(m,4H),7.34-7.26(m,2H),7.23-7.04(m,11H),6.88(d,J=4.4Hz,3H),6.70(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.03(br,1H),4.42(s,1H),0.80(s,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.6,160.8,156.0,137.8,137.6,137.3,137.0,136.0,134.0,133.0,131.7,131.1,130.9,128.6,128.5,128.4,128.3,127.7,127.3,127.2,127.0,126.7,126.0,125.5,121.6,120.9,120.8,115.4,56.6,-3.0.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+calcd.for C37H30NaO3Si+573.1856,found 573.1850.
HPLC analysis:92.5:7.5er,[CHIRALPAK IA column;1.0mL/min;solventsystem:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:24.0min(minor),29.7min(major)].
由实施例13制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-5)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.42-7.35(m,2H),7.29-7.24(m,9H),7.17-7.09(m,7H),6.88(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.03(br,1H),4.58(s,1H),0.77(s,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.6,160.6,155.7,137.9,137.8,137.2,136.7,136.4,134.6,132.3,131.9,131.2,128.7,128.6,128.5,128.5,127.5,127.4,127.2,127.1,125.5,121.5,120.9,120.8,115.4,56.6,-2.0.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+calcd.for C31H26NaO3SSi+529.1264,found529.1263.
HPLC analysis:85:15er,[CHIRALPAK IA column;1.0mL/min;solvent system:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:31.2min(major),35.3min(minor)].
由实施例14制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-6)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53-7.51(m,2H),7.40-7.31(m,3H),7.29-7.22(m,10H),7.17-7.09(m,6H),6.89(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.94(br,1H),4.43(s,1H),1.31-1.21(m,6H),0.78(t,J=6.8Hz,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,160.7,155.9,137.9,137.8,137.2,136.8,135.3,134.9,131.6,130.9,129.5,128.7,128.5,128.4,128.0,127.2,126.7,125.5,121.4,120.7,120.4,115.4,56.6,26.6,26.4,13.6,13.3.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+calcd.for C36H34NaO3Si+565.2169,found 565.2166.
HPLC analysis:90:10er,[CHIRALPAK IA column;1.0mL/min;solvent system:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:19.2min(major),25.2min(minor)].
由实施例15制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-7)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.58-7.57(m,3H),7.44-7.36(m,2H),7.31-7.17(m,12H),7.10-7.09(m,4H),6.88(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.78(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.36(s,1H),4.3(s,1H),0.70-0.68(m,2H),0.26-0.23(m,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.4,161.0,155.9,138.0,137.9,137.5,137.2,135.6,133.5,131.8,131.2,129.8,128.7,128.5,128.4,128.0,127.2,125.8,125.5,121.6,120.7,119.0,115.8,56.4,2.7,2.5,-6.9.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+calcd.for C35H30NaO3Si+549.1856,found 549.1860.
HPLC analysis:97.5:2.5er,[CHIRALPAK IB column;0.5mL/min;solventsystem:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:20.0min(minor),21.1min(major)].
由实施例16制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-8)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),7.40-7.37(m,1H),7.34-7.30(m,2H),7.24-7.21(m,6H),7.10-7.06(m,5H),6.91-6.88(m,1H),6.81-6.79(m,2H),6.71(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),6.65(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.65(br,1H),4.51(s,1H),3.66(s,3H),3.60(s,3H),0.70(s,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.9,156.7,154.5,153.6,149.3,138.0,137.9,135.0,129.7,128.6,128.5,128.4,128.1,127.2,122.4,122.2,122.0,121.4,117.0,116.6,115.7,56.6,55.5,55.4,-3.3.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+calcd.for C35H32NaO5Si+583.1911,found 583.1905.
HPLC analysis:96.5:3.5er,[CHIRALPAK IA column;1.0mL/min;solventsystem:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:43.3min(major),49.5min(minor)].
由实施例17制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-9)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.51(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.40-7.37(m,1H),7.34-7.30(m,2H),7.25-7.18(m,7H),7.08-7.05(m,6H),7.02(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),6.63(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.73(br,1H),4.46(s,1H),2.23(s,3H),2.14(s,3H),0.70(s,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.7,158.5,153.8,138.0,137.9,137.3,136.9,135.5,135.1,134.9,132.3,131.7,129.7,129.6,128.7,128.5,128.4,128.1,127.1,121.3,120.7,115.4,56.6,20.9,20.5,-3.0.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+calcd.for C35H32NaO3Si+551.2013,found 551.2016.
HPLC analysis:96:4er,[CHIRALPAK IA column;1.0mL/min;solvent system:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:23.0min(major),27.2min(minor)].
由实施例18制备得到的手性含硅立体中心硅烷化合物(I-10)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50(d,J=6.8 Hz,2H),7.41-7.37(m,1H),7.34-7.31(m,2H),7.24-7.17(m,7H),7.10-7.08(m,5H),6.73-6.70(m,2H),6.46(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),6.30(s,1H),5.02(br,1H),4.53(s,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.73(s,3H),0.66(s,3H);
13C{1H}NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ170.4,162.8,162.2,162.1,157.1,137.9,137.8,137.6,135.9,135.0,134.1,130.1,129.6,128.7,128.5,128.1,127.2,111.6,107.9,106.9,101.5,56.7,55.4,55.1,-2.9.
HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+calcd.for C35H32NaO5Si+583.1911,found 583.1911.
HPLC analysis:93:7 er,[CHIRALPAK IA column;1.0 mL/min;solvent system:i-PrOH/hexane=5/95;retention times:32.6 min(minor),39.1 min(major)]。
Claims (10)
1.一种手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将含硅二酚、二苯乙酸特戊酸酐、手性异硫脲催化剂以及有机碱加入到有机溶剂中,降温至-30~-50℃进行反应,反应完全后,后处理得到所述的含硅立体中心硅烷化合物;
所述的含硅二酚的结构如式(II)所示:
所述的二苯乙酸特戊酸酐的结构如式(III):
所述的手性异硫脲催化剂的结构如式(IV)所示:
所述的有机碱的结构如式(V)所示:
所述的含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
式(Ⅰ)~(III)中,R1为取代或者未取代的苯基、萘基或者杂环基,所述的苯基上的取代基选自C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧基、三氟甲基或卤素;
R2为C1~C7烷基或者环丙基;
R3为H、C1~C4烷基、C1~C4烷氧基或卤素,取代位置为苯环上的任意位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,R1为取代或者未取代的苯基、2-萘基或者2-噻吩基;
所述苯基上的取代基为对甲氧基、对三氟甲基、对氟、对氯、对甲基、间甲基或者邻甲基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,R2为甲基、乙基、正丁基、正庚基或者环丙基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,R3为H、甲氧基、甲基、叔丁基或者氟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,以摩尔量计,含硅二酚:二苯乙酸特戊酸酐:手性异硫脲催化剂:有机碱=1:1.4~1.5:0.1~0.2:1.4~1.5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,反应的温度为-40℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,反应的时间为60~80小时。
8.根据权利要求1所述的手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的有机碱为二异丙基乙基胺。
9.根据权利要求1所述的手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为甲苯。
10.根据权利要求1所述的手性异硫脲催化制备含硅立体中心硅烷化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的含硅立体中心硅烷化合物为式(I-1)-式(I-10)所示化合物中的一种:
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