CN116289204B - 一种抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及面料技术领域，且公开了一种抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法和应用，烯丙基缩水甘油醚与亚氨基二乙酸反应得到烯丙基二乙酸胺，其中的羧基能够捕捉空气中的水分子形成较强的氢键，具有较强的吸水保湿能力。将烯丙基二乙酸胺接枝到涤纶织物面料中，季铵化得到季铵化涤纶织物。本发明制备得到的季铵盐具有阳离子亲水基团，能够伸向空气中，在空气与涤纶纤维的界面上定向排列，形成一层水的吸附层，具有较高的吸湿和保湿性能，且阴离子能够在水中游动，起到离子导电的作用，降低涤纶纤维的电阻，加快静电传播，提高抗静电能力。气体分子的运动为单分子扩散过程，阴离子在水中不断运动，加大气体分子的流动，增加透气性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及面料技术领域，具体为一种抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
涤纶纤维为一种聚酯纤维，属于高分子化合物，具有优良的抗皱性、保形性、高强度、耐光性、耐热性等优良性能，广泛应用于民用织物、工业织物等领域，但是由于涤纶纤维大分子中没有活性基团，以至于涤纶纤维的染色困难，且吸湿效果差、易产生静电。如申请号公布号为CN107988651A的专利《一种抗菌透气的涤纶面料及其制备方法》公开了一种抗菌透气的涤纶面料：包括对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、润滑剂、载银分子筛、抗静电剂、增塑剂、2-甲基-2-丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯聚合物、份乙基2-丙烯酸酯铵盐，在该发明中，通过载银分子筛加入到涤纶纤维中进行合成，从而得到既能够抗菌又有具有良好透气性的涤纶面料。
季铵盐是一种铵离子中的四个氢原子被烃基取代的化合物，具有绿色环保、易降解的特点，广泛应用于药物、农药、催化剂、纺织印染行业等领域。如文献《季铵盐壳聚糖/聚氨酯共混膜的制备及其在织物上的应用》报道了一种季铵盐壳聚糖与聚氨酯共混膜的制备方法，制备得到的共混膜具有优良的防水透湿及抗菌性能。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法和应用，制备得到的面料具有优良的抗菌、透气、透湿的性能。
(二)技术方案
一种抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法，所述制备方法为：
(1)将烯丙基缩水甘油醚加入到装有乙醇溶剂的烧瓶中，升温至70-90℃，向其中依次加入碳酸氢钠溶液、亚氨基二乙酸，搅拌反应15-20h，乙醇洗涤、烘干，得到中间体。
(2)将中间体、交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、光引发剂二苯甲酮溶于乙醇中，搅拌溶解，再将其均匀滴加在涤纶织物面料中，用碘硒灯照射30-40min，结束后用去离子水洗涤、烘干，得到二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料。
(3)将二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料溶于含有氯化苄的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶液中，搅拌分散反应，乙醚洗涤、干燥，得到季铵化涤纶织物。
优选的，所述步骤(1)中烯丙基缩水甘油醚与亚氨基二乙酸的摩尔比为1:0.8-1.2。
优选的，所述步骤(1)中碳酸氢钠溶液的摩尔浓度为1.5-3mol/L。
优选的，所述步骤(2)中中间体、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、二苯甲酮的摩尔比为1:0.008-0.012:0.01-0.015。
优选的，所述步骤(3)中反应时间为30-40h，温度为50-80℃。
优选的，所述步骤(3)中氯化苄的摩尔浓度为0.8-2mol/L。
(三)有益的技术效果
烯丙基缩水甘油醚与亚氨基二乙酸反应得到中间体，中间体中的羧基能够捕捉空气中的水分子形成较强的氢键，具有较强的吸水保湿能力。得到的中间体在交联剂、光引发剂的条件下能够接枝到涤纶织物面料中，再在氯化苄的条件下，季铵化得到季铵化涤纶织物，本发明制备得到的季铵盐具有阳离子亲水基团，季铵盐的阳离子亲水基团伸向空气中，在空气与涤纶纤维的界面上定向排列，在涤纶表面形成一层水的吸附层，具有较高的吸湿和保湿性能，且水中具有的小分子阴离子能够在水中游动，起到了离子导电的作用，从而降低了涤纶纤维的电阻，加快静电的传播，提高了抗静电能力。气体分子的运动为单分子扩散过程，季铵盐的阴离子在水中不断运动，加大气体分子的流动，增加透气性。
附图说明
图1是中间体的制备路线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将6mol的烯丙基缩水甘油醚加入到装有乙醇溶剂的烧瓶中，升温至90℃，向其中依次加入摩尔浓度为2mol/L的碳酸氢钠溶液、5mol的亚氨基二乙酸，搅拌反应20h，乙醇洗涤、烘干，得到中间体。
(2)将10mol的中间体、0.08mol的交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、0.1mol的光引发剂二苯甲酮溶于乙醇中，搅拌溶解，再将其均匀滴加在涤纶织物面料中，用碘硒灯照射30min，结束后用去离子水洗涤、烘干，得到二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料。
(3)在70℃下，将二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料溶于含有摩尔浓度为1.8mol/L的氯化苄的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶液中，搅拌分散反应35h，乙醚洗涤、干燥，得到季铵化涤纶织物。
实施例2
(1)将6mol的烯丙基缩水甘油醚加入到装有乙醇溶剂的烧瓶中，升温至70℃，向其中依次加入摩尔浓度为1.5mol/L的碳酸氢钠溶液、4.8mol的亚氨基二乙酸，搅拌反应15h，乙醇洗涤、烘干，得到中间体。
(2)将10mol的中间体、0.12mol的交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、0.15mol的光引发剂二苯甲酮溶于乙醇中，搅拌溶解，再将其均匀滴加在涤纶织物面料中，用碘硒灯照射40min，结束后用去离子水洗涤、烘干，得到二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料。
(3)在70℃下，将二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料溶于含有摩尔浓度为0.8mol/L的氯化苄的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶液中，搅拌分散反应40h，乙醚洗涤、干燥，得到季铵化涤纶织物。
实施例3
(1)将6mol的烯丙基缩水甘油醚加入到装有乙醇溶剂的烧瓶中，升温至90℃，向其中依次加入摩尔浓度为3mol/L的碳酸氢钠溶液、7.2mol的亚氨基二乙酸，搅拌反应20h，乙醇洗涤、烘干，得到中间体。
(2)将10mol的中间体、0.1mol的交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、0.12mol的光引发剂二苯甲酮溶于乙醇中，搅拌溶解，再将其均匀滴加在涤纶织物面料中，用碘硒灯照射35min，结束后用去离子水洗涤、烘干，得到二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料。
(3)在50℃下，将二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料溶于含有摩尔浓度为0.8mol/L的氯化苄的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶液中，搅拌分散反应30h，乙醚洗涤、干燥，得到季铵化涤纶织物。
实施例4
(1)将6mol的烯丙基缩水甘油醚加入到装有乙醇溶剂的烧瓶中，升温至80℃，向其中依次加入摩尔浓度为2mol/L的碳酸氢钠溶液、6mol的亚氨基二乙酸，搅拌反应18h，乙醇洗涤、烘干，得到中间体。
(2)将10mol的中间体、0.08mol的交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、0.11mol的光引发剂二苯甲酮溶于乙醇中，搅拌溶解，再将其均匀滴加在涤纶织物面料中，用碘硒灯照射35min，结束后用去离子水洗涤、烘干，得到二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料。
(3)在70℃下，将二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料溶于含有摩尔浓度为0.15mol/L的氯化苄的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶液中，搅拌分散反应32h，乙醚洗涤、干燥，得到季铵化涤纶织物。
实施例5
(1)将6mol的烯丙基缩水甘油醚加入到装有乙醇溶剂的烧瓶中，升温至70℃，向其中依次加入摩尔浓度为2mol/L的碳酸氢钠溶液、4.8mol的亚氨基二乙酸，搅拌反应18h，乙醇洗涤、烘干，得到中间体。
(2)将10mol的中间体、0.11mol的交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、0.15mol的光引发剂二苯甲酮溶于乙醇中，搅拌溶解，再将其均匀滴加在涤纶织物面料中，用碘硒灯照射30min，结束后用去离子水洗涤、烘干，得到二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料。
(3)在80℃下，将二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料溶于含有摩尔浓度为2mol/L的氯化苄的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶液中，搅拌分散反应40h，乙醚洗涤、干燥，得到季铵化涤纶织物。
对比例1
(1)将6mol的烯丙基缩水甘油醚加入到装有乙醇溶剂的烧瓶中，升温至90℃，向其中依次加入摩尔浓度为2mol/L的碳酸氢钠溶液、4.8mol的亚氨基二乙酸，搅拌反应20h，乙醇洗涤、烘干，得到中间体。
(2)将10mol的中间体、0.08mol的交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、0.1mol的光引发剂二苯甲酮溶于乙醇中，搅拌溶解，再将其均匀滴加在涤纶织物面料中，用碘硒灯照射35min，结束后用去离子水洗涤、烘干，得到二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料。
按照ASTMD724-1999《纸的表面可湿性的试验方法(接触角法)》，采用接触角仪测定涤纶织物的接触角。
按照FZ/T01042-1996《纺织材料静电性能静电压半衰期的测定》，采用织物感应式静电测试仪，测定织涤纶织物的静电压。
按照GB5453-1997，采用数字式织物透气测量仪来测定面料的透气性能。
按照GB/T12704-2009《纺织品织物透湿性试验方法第1部分：吸湿法》测量面料拉伸状态下的透湿性。
| 透气量(mm/s-1) | 透湿量/g(m2/d-1) | |
| 实施例1 | 2148 | 8720 |
| 实施例2 | 1898 | 7690 |
| 实施例3 | 1978 | 8889 |
| 实施例4 | 2106 | 8765 |
| 实施例5 | 2119 | 7848 |
| 对比例1 | 1566 | 6662 |
实施例4的接触角最小，为62°。实施例1的季铵化涤纶织物静电压最小，为12V。实施例5的季铵化涤纶织物的透气量最好，为2119mm/s-1。实施例3的季铵化涤纶织物的透湿量最好。为8889g(m2/d-1)对比例1的涤纶织物的接触角、静电压、透气量、透湿量表现均较差。
Claims (6)
1.一种抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法为：
(1)将烯丙基缩水甘油醚加入到装有乙醇溶剂的烧瓶中，升温至70-90℃，向其中依次加入碳酸氢钠溶液、亚氨基二乙酸，搅拌反应15-20h，乙醇洗涤、烘干，得到中间体；反应式为：
(2)将中间体、交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、光引发剂二苯甲酮溶于乙醇中，搅拌溶解，再将其均匀滴加在涤纶织物面料中，用碘硒灯照射30-40min，结束后用去离子水洗涤、烘干，得到二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料；
(3)将二乙酸胺接枝涤纶织物面料溶于含有氯化苄的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶液中，搅拌分散反应，乙醚洗涤、干燥，得到季铵化涤纶织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中烯丙基缩水甘油醚与亚氨基二乙酸的摩尔比为1:0.8-1.2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中碳酸氢钠溶液的摩尔浓度为1.5-3mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中中间体、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、二苯甲酮的摩尔比为1:0.008-0.012:0.01-0.015。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中反应时间为30-40h，温度为50-80℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗静电透湿涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中氯化苄的摩尔浓度为0.8-2mol/L。
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