CN1162777A - Multiplexed electrical system having central controller and programmable control nodes - Google Patents
Multiplexed electrical system having central controller and programmable control nodes Download PDFInfo
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- CN1162777A CN1162777A CN 97102643 CN97102643A CN1162777A CN 1162777 A CN1162777 A CN 1162777A CN 97102643 CN97102643 CN 97102643 CN 97102643 A CN97102643 A CN 97102643A CN 1162777 A CN1162777 A CN 1162777A
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Abstract
An electrical system comprising a central controller multiplexed with highly intelligent nodes which are programmed with predetermined sets of instructions that are necessary to operate the loads attached to the highly intelligent nodes. The central controller may issue high level commands across a serial data communications bus to highly intelligent nodes to trigger execution of the predetermined sets of instructions programmed into the highly intelligent nodes which in turn operate the loads of the electrical system.
Description
The present invention relates to multiplexed electrical system, and more particularly relate to a kind of automotive electrical system with the multiplexing loading nonshared control unit of high intelligent multichannel.
Middle fifties, auto industry has become 12 volts of systems from 6 volts of systems, and from that time, the development of technology does not improve basic automotive power significantly.Yet, need, under the driving of competitive pressure and numerous rule request involved having arrived in the vehicle of feature of a lot of new successes in availability, user.These features comprise comfortable and on enhancing, amusement equipment, navigation and communicator, engine and transmission management, the car device, security easily diagnostic circuit and illumination and wheel box performance exclusive warning system-for example emergency vehicle illumination and audio frequency alarm.Vehicle characteristics newly developed comprises that also positive suspension is regulated, the intelligent control of advancing, collision avoidance system and automatic emission reconfigures control.
The number of needed feature of user and regular desired feature, expectation can increase continuously, thereby manufacturer is faced with how to adapt to the problem of the complicacy that vehicle increases.Today, even be not with all obtainable selections, common visitor has outnumbered 500 with what the total length of vehicle line had surpassed also that one kilometer, weight surpassed 60 pounds and tie point.Relay, switch, deconcentrator, fuse and other accessories are many in the extreme.The problem of making comprise vehicle weight, space constraint, style, encapsulation consideration and comprise or remove the ability of optional feature easily.Perhaps the more important thing is about to the suitable systematic entirety and the requirement of the information sharing between the vehicle subsystem.Because additional feature has produced the requirement that enlarges markedly to the electrical system of vehicle limited capacity, thereby effectively power management just becomes extremely important.Except effective power management, the design of vehicle is quality, reliability, maintainability and the cost of necessary taking into account system also.
At present, electric and electronic unit or load on traditional car, depend on wiring system and point to point line-it requires lead to be directly connected to each load from central control station.Load can be detecting device, actuator or other electric components.Central control system need be controlled each and each load and must be very complicated in the electrical system, to hold the required logical circuit of all loads of control.For example, to putting in the wiring system, the lead of turn signal lamp system is connected to a central controller (switch) from battery, arrives turn signal lamp by a mechanical relay at point.The additional load of in the Vehicular system each must link to each other with control device such as switch with power (being battery) through being connected the lead between power, switch and the load.The length of these leads all has several feet, and when considering a large amount of loads, the total length of lead may be above one mile in the vehicle.Today, the total length of the wiring system of common vehicle has surpassed one mile and weight and has surpassed 60 pounds, and the connector more than 500 is arranged.Relay, switch, deconcentrator, fuse and other accessories and the load that link to each other are numerous especially.In addition, these leads all must be sufficiently slightly to avoid power owing to lose by lead.Weight, material and the manufacturing cost that comprises the wiring system of all required leads of vehicle is very high.The manufacturing of these wiring systems and design problem comprise that limited space, style and encapsulation are considered and the dirigibility of increase and minimizing characteristic aspect is restricted.The required all functions algorithm of all loads that central control system in this system is necessary for the operation electrical system designs and programmes.Along with vehicle owing to the feature that increases becomes more complicated, it is more complicated adapting to the feature of this increase that electrical system must become, and the central design of controlling also just becomes more complicated.
Serial data communication or multiplex system are owing to their potential application in automotive electrical system have obtained research.Compare to putting wiring system with point, multiplexed electrical system by replacing the wiring system and the central controller of traditional complexity with serial communication bus and multiplexed Node Controller, thereby can reduce material cost, weight and manufacturing cost significantly.The instruction that a kind of multiplexed electrical system of form has adopted data bus that central controller is sent is sent to the distant journey node that communicates with bus.Each node is again by from the instruction that central controller receives, by switching to the power of load, directly controlling several loads in response to the process bus.
A serial data communications busses can only be made up of two leads, and these two leads have formed the loop to each multiplexed Node Controller in vehicle.Each Node Controller links to each other independently with power source again, and by in response to through bus and switch to the power of load from the instruction that a central controller receives, and controlling continuous load.Perhaps, this bus can comprise that four leads-they are connected to each node on the vehicle.Two in these leads send instruction, and other two then are transported to each Node Controller to power from battery.In multiplexed electrical system, central controller no longer is the switch that power is sent to load or receives power from load.On the contrary, central controller utilizes bus that instruction is sent to distant journey node, and this node switches power and operates continuous load by instructing in response to this.
At present obtainable a kind of multiplexed electrical system requires serial data communications busses that all low level instructions are transported to all distant journey nodes from central controller.Whether each instruction is sent to each and each node, thereby need complicated addressing system should be carried out by corresponding receiving node to reconcile the conflict between the message and to make each node can discern an instruction usually.These multiplexed vehicle designs have a central controller design, and this central controller is stored the required all functions algorithm of all operations that all loads are carried out.Distant journey node do not know by the performed function of the load that links to each other with them, and usually only in response to instructing the power that switches to load.In addition, according to the configuration of system, distant journey node may be also when the request that is subjected to central controller to carrying out relaying from the state or the data of the detecting device that links to each other.
In traditional multiplexed electrical system, a single central controller is responsible for sending all low level instructions.For example, in order to make the turn signal flicker, central controller must send a low level instruction to tell distant journey node to switch to the power of turn signal, central controller must wait a preset time and send another low level instruction and switch the power from turn signal to tell distant journey node subsequently, waits another preset time then to send an instruction in succession to switch to power of turn signal or the like.Central controller sends the instruction of these low levels constantly by communication bus, and is notified or judge when stop the turn signal operation in other mode up to it.The sending of required all low levels instruction of each load of operation electrical system of having programmed all function algorithms-these algorithm dictates in the central controller.Because central controller can be controlled several loads in any given moment simultaneously by sending the low level instruction, the data traffic on the bus may be extremely big.The command communication amount on bus, distant journey node may be simultaneously be incorporated into the data-message relevant with detecting device on the bus-and this message comprises the information of representing detector state.These instructions and message may be each other or other the information and the instruction of being sent with other distant journey nodes on central controller or the bus clash, thereby the locking of the instruction that makes the mistake, bus error or even bus.In order to overcome these the potential conflicts on the bus, released very complicated message mediation system to solve the big problem of the traffic on the bus.Carried out maximum effort though these reconcile design for scheme person, the big traffic that multiplex bus is carried still often causes bus owing to conflict is broken down or locking.These mediation systems are also programmed by central controller and are carried out, thereby have increased the existing complicacy of central controller.
Another kind of multiplexed electrical system can utilize the distributed network of the multiplexed Node Controller that communicates each other through high speed data bus.The multiplexed Node Controller of these distributions is controlled on whole vehicle electrical systems jointly.The controller of each distribution utilizes on network the information with other nodes sharing, and keeps its own this locality to handle and powershift is controlled to the load that links to each other.This distributed network controller scheme makes the deviser can remove the powershift instruction control of central controller, and with its through distributed network of controller and to its distribute-these controllers have the node that is located on the geometric position away from the load of central controller, thereby have reduced the amount of pilot.
In some distribution node electrical system, a Node Controller can be designed to master controller equally.This master controller is the traffic on the control data communication bus, and can control whole vehicle electrical systems by the Node Controller that instruction is delivered to other through bus.In this layout, master controller is programmed the required all functions algorithm of the whole electrical system of control usually.As an example, a kind of distributed network system can have a console panel node, engine node, left front node or the like, and wherein each node distributes according to geometric position or function.Can be with this console panel node as master controller and control whole vehicle electrical systems.
Even but in the distributed network scheme, the data bus of transport messages also must be carried very lot of data in the node distribution network.In order suitably to operate, each node must communicate and with its action of other nodes coordinating.In order to describe the operation of distribution node network system more up hill and dale, the example of operation of aforesaid turn signal will be adopted.For example, this network can have a console panel node, and this node can be delivered to a left front node-this instruction through the data bus of addressing with instruction and tell this node that powershift is arrived left front turn signal.This left front node is discerned this address and by powershift is carried out this instruction to left front signal.This console panel node can send an instruction that is addressed to left front node subsequently, orders this node to switch the power of left front signal.This sequence of operations will be carried out repeatedly, judge that up to the console panel node it should stop left front turn signal operation.The console panel node can comprise the sequence of further instruction is carried out the required clock of timing.Can also make this clock be positioned at one the 3rd network node and also regularly carry out timing so that can pass through bus to instruction through bus transmission clock signal.The operation of describing just makes a large amount of traffics arrive distribution node through bus.Each node it must be understood that each instruction of advancing through bus is addressed to corresponding receiving node to determine which bar instruction.As mentioned above, big data traffic has caused and foregoing identical problem, promptly adopts complicated conflict reconcile scheme locking and other mistakes to avoid data bus.
Different with aforementioned multiplex system, the present invention relates to control the multiplex networks of the intelligentized node of height of electrical system.These height intelligent nodes comprise the processing power of all needs and the required function algorithm of load that programming has control to link to each other with each corresponding height intelligent node.With the required function algorithm of load that running node is responsible for each node is programmed, make each node can be controlled to the switching of the power of these loads automatically.In this process, the information that detecting device provides has obtained local use, thereby has caused the automatic control of " closed loop ".The node of programming no longer needs to receive from low level instruction bus, that the various independent powershifts of order are operated.Therefore, the communication between the node is limited to high level instruction-such as " startups " (process) and " stopping " (process) and " report " (state) of the process of being implemented, rather than traditional low level is instructed.
Owing to adopted the height intelligent node, central controller can obtain simplifying, because they no longer need to programme with the required all functions algorithm of each electrical system loads of operation.On the contrary, each node has obtained the programming of the required function algorithm of load that operation links to each other with this node.
Yet the height intelligent node can be to be encapsulated in the module from identical design.Intelligent node can obtain making, and programmes with the required function algorithm of load that control is indicated with feature.In case obtain programming, node just can be indicated with its do feature of its programming.In order to add a feature to vehicle, as long as height intelligent node-this node has been obtained programming-be connected on the data bus with regard to desirable feature, thus the ability of system's of giving " plug connects also operation ".All loads that desirable feature is required, can install in a conventional manner this moment, and can be connected on the height intelligent node of new installation.To no longer need existing wiring system or deconcentrator redesigns or existing multiplexed electrical system is carried out rewiring.Similarly, also can disconnect, and remove a kind of feature or selection easily by a corresponding height intelligent node and multiplex bus.
The present invention has reduced the data traffic on the multiplex networks bus significantly, thereby has avoided complicated and expensive message to reconcile scheme.Serial data communications busses is compared with traditional multiplexed electrical system has the traffic that reduces greatly, because this bus only need be carried the high level instruction between network node and a central controller.The traffic on this bus that reduces can also increase the ability of electrical system control load.
By the following detailed description, these and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of traditional vehicle electrical systems of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of vehicle electrical systems with prior art of multiplexed node distribution network;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of prior art vehicle electrical systems that has the multiplex networks of master controller and some simple nodes;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention, and this embodiment has the multiplex networks that has master controller and some height intelligent nodes;
Fig. 5 is the sequential chart that utilizes the control of the emergency vehicle illumination under normal mode of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the control timing figure that utilizes the present invention's emergency vehicle illumination under dim mode.
Though it should be understood that following a kind of automotive electrical system of having described, the present invention can be applied in and can use multiplexed electrical system Anywhere.
Referring to Fig. 1, wherein represented to adopt point to traditional, the non-multiplexed vehicle electrical systems of putting wire scheme with label 10.This electrical system comprises that a central controller 12-it links to each other with power source 14 through power line 16.Power source 14 process ground wires 20 provide the variation with vehicle ground 18.Central controller 12 is also by its oneself ground wire 22 and link to each other with ground 18.Such as the detecting device 24 of temperature and pressure detecting device with such as the actuator 26 of switch, relay and motor, be distributed on the whole vehicle and and directly control by pilot 28 by central controller 12.Central controller 12 switches to the power of detecting device 24 and actuator 26 by pilot 28.Central controller 12 is suitably designed and is programmed whole vehicle electrical systems is controlled required all functions algorithm.
Referring now to Fig. 2,, wherein generally represented the traditional multiplexed distribution node vehicle electrical systems of prior art with label 30.This system has a component cloth node 32,34,36,38,40 and 42, and these nodes are distributed on the whole vehicle chassis (not shown).In this example, system 30 comprises a console panel node 32, engine node 34, right front node 36, right back node 38, a left front node 40 and a left back node 42. Node 32,34,36,38,40 and 42 communicates each other through serial data communications busses 44.The state of each node poll detecting device 46 and process pilot 50 switch to the power of actuator 48.Power source (not shown) directly or by communication bus 44 provides power to each node.In traditional multiplexed vehicle electrical systems 30, there is not central controller.On the contrary, control is distributed on the whole network of being made up of node 32,34,36,38,40 and 42, and each node communicates each other through data bus 44.
Referring to Fig. 3, wherein represented to have traditional multiplexed electrical system of the prior art of a central controller with label 60.For the purpose of simplifying, only represent this system, though this system will adopt the node of counting more than this in practice with node 64,66 and 68.System 60 comprises a central controller 62 1 its process serial data communications busses 66 and communicates with a group node 64.Central controller comprises a network synchronization plan 78 and with 80 programmed algorithms of representing, thinks that each node 64,66 and 68 provides coordination and control.Each node 64,66 and 68 when receiving the suitable instruction of central controller 62, can carry out the power that poll or process pilot 72 switch to actuator 70 to the state of detecting device 69.The node of each connection comprises and its detecting device 69 and actuator 70 detector interface 74 and actuator interface 76 of being electrically connected separately.Central controller 62 by Network Synchronization 78 modules and the function algorithm 80 that is programmed in the central controller 62, keeps the control to whole electrical system 60.Central controller 62 must be very complicated, to comprise the required function algorithm 80 of each load in the operation electrical system 60.
Referring now to Fig. 4,, wherein one embodiment of the present of invention in the multiplexed vehicle electrical systems have generally been represented with label 90.A central controller 92-it communicates with intelligent node 94,95 and 96 through serial data communications busses 96 system's 90 expressions.Central controller 92 is carried out the Network Synchronization functions by intelligent node 94,95 and 96, and can be with the form of Model VMUXInterface Module from Vanner Weldon, and Inc. is commercial to be obtained.This intelligent node 94,95 and 96 can also be with the form of Model VMUX-nc Embedded NodeControllers from Vanner Weldon, and Inc. is commercial to be obtained.Each node 94-96 comes the power of control word actuator 100 from detecting device 98 reception information and process pilot 102.Each node 94-96 not only comprises detector interface 104 and actuator interface 106, but also have embedding processor 108-its programming the required instruction of detecting device 98 that operation links to each other and actuator 100 is arranged.Central controller 92 is coordinated the operation of whole electrical system with Network Synchronization module 110.This traditional multiplexed electrical system-wherein all function algorithm 80 that are different from as shown in Figure 3 all is programmed in the central controller 62 and all instructions of transmission on data bus 66.
Vehicle multiplex system 90 of the present invention does not even need to enter bus by the low level instruction of eliminating from central controller 92, thereby has reduced the traffic by serial data communications busses 97 significantly.Central controller 92 still triggers the operation of function algorithm-the come operation of coherent system by sending instruction group predetermined in high level instruction-this instruction is programmed in node 94,95 and 96 by execution the embedding processor 108.These predetermined instruction groups generally include such instruction, promptly start a program, report the state of this program and stop the required instruction of this preset sequence.For example, central controller 92 can send one " start-up routine " instruction-it will be received by suitable node 94 and understand.Node 94 will be programmed into one group of predetermined instruction in the embedding processor 108 of node 94 by execution subsequently, carry out its function.Node 94 will automatically be carried out this function fully, and not need to provide any further instruction by central controller 92 again.If the cycle status of program is desirable, then central controller 92 will regularly send " report program state " instruction and give node 94.In response, node 94 will send a message by data bus 96, and this message will show the state of ongoing program, for example " execution is normal ", " carry out owing to wrong and stop ", " complete " or the like.Central controller 92 after preset time or when the instruction that receives vehicle operators, also will send one " shut down procedure " instruction to node 94.When receiving this instruction, suitable node 94 is with by the suitable array predetermined sets of instructions of its resultant programming-for example " carry out complicated shut down procedure "-the stop further operation of relevant load.For the ease of more fully understanding the present invention, will the control under two kinds of different modes of emergency vehicle illuminator be described.
Referring to Fig. 5, the control timing figure that is used for being actuated at such as the flashlamp of the emergency vehicle of ambulance is wherein disclosed.In this application, intelligent node controller (for example 94) will be programmed predetermined instruction group-these instructions can realize the time sequential routine of flashlamp under normal (promptly) pattern.Central controller 92 will only need to send the single instruction that is addressed to suitable intelligent node 94 through bus 97, with the flash operation under the command node 94 beginning normal modes.In case node 94 has received and identified " start-up routine " program, it will 120 make halogen lamp activate the T1 time 122 constantly.Node 94 will send two gated optical pulses 126 subsequently, and the Δ of delay T1 is arranged between pulse.After postponing T2, node 94 will repeat this circulation, up to being stopped by order.Notice that in a single day " start-up routine " instruction is incorporated on the bus by central controller, the ongoing operation of urgent flashlamp can not be incorporated into the extra traffic on the data bus of multiplex system 90.In the operating period of urgent flashlamp, central controller 92 can be inquired the mode of operation of Node Controller 94 flashlamp or be sent the instruction of interrupting flash operation fully.
Referring now to Fig. 6,, identical node 94 can also be programmed so that operate the urgent flashlamp of vehicle with the second way.In this application, intelligent node controller 94 can be programmed with the array predetermined sets of instructions that can be implemented in the flash operation sequential under low-intensity (dimness) pattern.As the front, 92 of central controllers need send the single instruction that is addressed to suitable intelligent node 94 on bus 97, with the flash operation under the command node 94 beginning dim modes.In case node 94 has received and identified " start-up routine " instruction, it has a signal bursts 141 of 50/50 dutycycle with utilization, constantly 140 halogen lamp actuating time section T31142.After time delay T4, node 94 will send a secondary signal train of impulses that has with above-mentioned identical dutycycle in period among the T32148.After second pulse bursts 148, node 94 sends two gated optical pulses subsequently, and has one to postpone Δ T2152 between these pulses.As previously mentioned, node 94 will repeat this circulation, up to being stopped by order.Similarly, after central controller is introduced bus to " start-up routine " instruction, the urgent ongoing operation of flashlamp under dim mode will can not be incorporated into the extra traffic on the data bus of multiplex system 90.In this way, 97 of data buss are carried the high level instruction of the operation of the array predetermined sets of instructions of control programming in node 94,95 and 96, thereby have reduced the relevant a lot of problems of the heavy traffic on the data bus with multiplex system.
Though it shown and describe that in conjunction with specific embodiment of the present invention what it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art is under the prerequisite of the scope that does not break away from appended claims, can make various changes in form and details.
Claims (8)
1. electrical system, it has by common data bus and interconnects with the node of control load, and its improvement comprises:
A central controller, it can send function command to described data bus;
A Node Controller that is connected with described data bus, the described function command that described Node Controller can enough one group of predetermined instructions be programmed and sent in response to described central controller, with carry out described predetermined one group of instruction and an output terminal of described Node Controller produce with described predetermined one group instruct corresponding dynamic regime; And
A load, it is connected with the described output terminal of described Node Controller and in response to the described dynamic regime of described output terminal.
2. according to the electrical system of claim 1, further comprise a detecting device, this detecting device has an output terminal that is connected with described Node Controller, wherein said detecting device can send detector signal, and wherein said Node Controller in response to described detector signal to carry out described predetermined one group of instruction and to produce dynamic regime at the described output terminal of described Node Controller accordingly with described one group of predetermined instruction.
3. according to the electrical system of claim 1, wherein said Node Controller is in response to the operation of the described function command of described central controller and the described load that can start and stop to communicate with.
4. according to the electrical system of claim 1, one of them described Node Controller is used as central controller.
5. electrical system, it has a plurality of nodes of interconnecting by common data bus with control load and monitor detecting device output, and its improvement comprises:
A central controller, it can send function command and have the Network Synchronization circuit that is used for described a plurality of nodes are carried out system's poll on described data bus;
The a plurality of Node Controllers that communicate with described data bus, each described Node Controller can both with one group of predetermined instruction programme and the described function command that sends in response to described central controller in an instruction and carry out described one group of predetermined instruction, and an output terminal of described Node Controller produce and described predetermined one group instruct corresponding dynamic regime; And
A load that is connected with the described output terminal of one of described Node Controller, this load response is in the described dynamic regime of described Node Controller output.
6. according to the electrical system of claim 5, wherein said Node Controller is in response to the described function command of described central controller and can start and stop the operation of coupled logical described load.
7. according to the electrical system of claim 5, further comprise detecting device, and wherein said central controller can also can make described Node Controller place on the described data bus with described detecting device output corresponding detectors data effectively sending a described function command-this instruction on the described data bus with the output terminal that is connected with described Node Controller.
8. according to the electrical system of claim 5, one of wherein said Node Controller is used as central controller.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 97102643 CN1162777A (en) | 1996-02-21 | 1997-02-21 | Multiplexed electrical system having central controller and programmable control nodes |
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| US604,390 | 1996-02-21 | ||
| CN 97102643 CN1162777A (en) | 1996-02-21 | 1997-02-21 | Multiplexed electrical system having central controller and programmable control nodes |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110843707A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-28 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile power distribution system |
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1997
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110843707A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-28 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile power distribution system |
| CN110843707B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2023-03-31 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile power distribution system |
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