CN116274869B - Aluminum alloy investment casting device and casting method using device - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy investment casting device and casting method using device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116274869B CN116274869B CN202211724420.5A CN202211724420A CN116274869B CN 116274869 B CN116274869 B CN 116274869B CN 202211724420 A CN202211724420 A CN 202211724420A CN 116274869 B CN116274869 B CN 116274869B
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- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 35
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/043—Removing the consumable pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
- B22D15/02—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor of cylinders, pistons, bearing shells or like thin-walled objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/06—Heating the top discard of ingots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
- B22D27/13—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure making use of gas pressure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
An aluminum alloy investment casting device and a casting method using the device relate to a casting method of a casting device. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing method for pouring the thin-wall aluminum alloy piece by using the hot shell has pinholes, coarse casting structure and low mechanical property. The metal grid is arranged on a lower tank of a casting tank body, the ceramic shell is arranged on the metal grid, the ceramic shell heat-insulating riser is arranged on the upper part of the ceramic shell, the chilling block is arranged at a casting hot joint position on the ceramic shell, the air inlet pipe is inserted on the lower tank of the casting tank body, one end of the water inlet pipe penetrates through the metal grid to extend into cooling water, the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the water pump and cools the chilling block through the water diversion pipe, one end of the water outlet pipe is connected with the chilling block, and the other end of the water outlet pipe penetrates through the metal grid to extend into the cooling water. Step one: preheating the ceramic shell; step two: pouring; step three: closing, locking and sealing the tank body until solidification is finished. The invention is used for investment casting of aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a casting device and a casting method using the device, in particular to an aluminum alloy investment casting device and a casting method using the device. Belonging to the field of aluminum alloy investment casting.
Background
For the aluminum alloy castings of large thin-wall aluminum alloys with isolated hot spots, shrinkage holes, shrinkage porosity and looseness are easy to generate at the hot spots of the castings. For investment casting methods, the problem of hot spots of large aluminum alloy investment castings is solved by adopting a complex pouring system and a method for increasing riser weight in most of the domestic and foreign fields. However, the casting system is huge, the manufacturing difficulty is high, the process yield is low, the manufacturing difficulty is high, and the effect is always unsatisfactory.
And casting hot spots are generally generated at the following 2 locations.
(1) The thick bulk of the casting requires a location. The modulus of the part is very high, the heat transfer efficiency of the part needs to be quickened, the modulus is firstly reduced, then the temperature gradient is established in cooperation with the riser, a sequential solidification mode is formed, the hot joint of the part is effectively fed, if the riser is only relied on, the hot joint area is only increased, and the range and grade of shrinkage cavity and loose defects are further aggravated.
(2) The casting forms a hot joint by its own structure. For example, the junction of the side wall and the rib plate lacks a radiating surface, and the heat coupling of the 2 parts is overlapped at one part, so that the solidification speed of the rib plate is lower than that of other parts, and a heat joint is formed. Therefore, the heat transfer speed is required to be increased, and the heat at the place is quickly transferred, so that the aim of eliminating the heat program is fulfilled.
The core of solving the problems is how to accurately and effectively control the local heat transfer speed of the shell in the solidification process, namely, the heat transfer speed of the high-modulus part of the casting is increased, the heat transfer speed of the feeding head is reduced, and the feeding effect is improved.
At present, the adopted methods for accelerating the heat transfer of the shell are blowing, water spraying and chilling block. The blowing and water spraying cannot be precisely applied to the hot joint part on the shell, and when the wind or water is applied to the shell, the wind or water flows along the wall of the shell, so that the effective area of the effect of the wind or water cannot be precisely controlled.
For large thin-wall aluminum alloy castings (generally, the thin wall is generally the wall thickness of 1.5-4mm, the definition of the large thin wall is that the diameter is about 500mm, and the height is more than 500 mm), a smooth and slow filling process is generally adopted so as to remove air in a cavity, and avoid the problems of gas coiling and slag inclusion, so that the filling process time is longer, and the ceramic shell for investment casting is very thin and quick to cool so as to ensure the complete forming of the ceramic shell. The shell is also required to be cast after being preheated, the preheating temperature is about 550 ℃, the deviation between the temperature of the chill and the aluminum melt is small, the chill reaches a thermal saturation state at the initial stage of solidification, and the heat cannot be effectively led out. In addition, the thin-wall aluminum alloy piece is cast by adopting the hot shell, so that the overall solidification speed of the casting is reduced, the precipitation of hydrogen in an aluminum melt is promoted, the casting has pinholes, the casting structure is coarse, and the mechanical property is not high.
In summary, the existing mode of pouring the thin-wall aluminum alloy piece by using the hot shell has the problems of pinholes on the casting, coarse casting structure and low mechanical property.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that a casting has pinholes, a coarse casting structure and low mechanical property in the existing method for pouring a thin-wall aluminum alloy piece by using a hot shell. Further provided is an aluminum alloy investment casting apparatus and a casting method using the same.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an aluminum alloy investment casting device, the casting jar body is including casting jar body, the inside of casting jar body holds cooling water, it still includes metal grid, the inlet tube, the water pump, the shunt tubes, the drain pipe, the intake pipe, the chilling piece, ceramic shell heat preservation riser and ceramic shell, the metal grid is installed on the lower jar of casting jar body, ceramic shell is installed on the metal grid, ceramic shell heat preservation riser is installed on the upper portion of ceramic shell, chilling piece is installed at the foundry goods hot junction position department on the ceramic shell, the intake pipe cartridge is on the lower jar of casting jar body, the one end of intake pipe passes the metal grid and stretches into the cooling water, the other end and the water pump of intake pipe are connected and cool down the chilling piece through the shunt tubes, the one end and the chilling piece of drain pipe are connected, the other end of drain pipe passes the metal grid and stretches into the cooling water.
Further, the casting tank body comprises an upper tank, a lower tank, an upper tank opening and closing mechanism, a locking mechanism and a sealing rubber ring, wherein the locking mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the lower tank, the sealing rubber ring is arranged on the locking mechanism, and the upper tank is arranged on the lower tank through the upper tank opening and closing mechanism.
Further, the chilling block comprises a block body, a water inlet pipeline, a water outlet pipeline and two quick-change connectors, a cooling channel is machined in the block body, the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are respectively connected with an inlet and an outlet of the cooling channel, and the ends of the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are respectively connected with one quick-change connector.
Further, the cooling channel comprises a plurality of horizontal channels, a vertical channel, a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel, the plurality of horizontal channels are horizontally arranged in a rectangular array mode to form a rectangular cooling channel, the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are horizontally arranged, the water inlet channel is located above the rectangular cooling channel, the water outlet channel is located below the rectangular cooling channel, and the vertical channel is arranged in the block body and is communicated with the rectangular cooling channel, the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel.
Further, the right side end face of the block body is an effective acting face, and the effective acting face is attached to the hot joint part of the casting.
Further, the chilling block also comprises a chilling block wax pattern, and the chilling block wax pattern surrounds the outer side wall of the block and the hot joint part of the casting.
Further, the ceramic shell heat-insulating riser is a circular riser, and an annular cavity is formed in the circular riser along the circumferential direction.
The invention also provides a casting method, which comprises the following steps:
Step one: loading the chilling block after roasting the ceramic shell, plugging an outlet of the chilling block by using a ceramic shell repairing agent, and preheating the ceramic shell after the ceramic shell repairing agent is hardened;
Step two: after the shell reaches the heat preservation time, preparing to pour;
The ceramic shell is transferred to a pouring device, the water inlet pipelines on all chilling blocks are immediately connected to the water diversion pipe, the water outlet pipelines are connected to the water discharge pipe, and pouring is started;
step three: starting the aluminum alloy investment casting device after pouring is finished, and completing closing, locking and sealing of the tank body by the aluminum alloy investment casting device;
The aluminum alloy investment casting device automatically starts a water pump and introduces nitrogen into the casting tank body, wherein the water pump conveys cooling water into each chilling block, the cooling water is discharged into the lower tank from a water outlet after heat exchange in the chilling blocks is completed, heat transfer of the chilling blocks is completed, each chilling block is not saturated, air pressure reaches 6bar within 30 seconds, and pressure is maintained until solidification is completed.
Further, the first step comprises the following steps before preheating the ceramic shell:
The method comprises the following steps: preparing a chilling block, a chilling block wax mould and a ceramic shell heat-preserving riser;
Step two: when the investment pattern is combined, a chilling block wax pattern and a ceramic shell heat-preserving riser are bonded at a designated position, the outlet of the ceramic shell heat-preserving riser is sealed by an adhesive tape, a layer of slurry is coated and hung in each layer of slurry in the coating shell manufacturing process, and the adhesive tape of the heat-preserving riser and the slurry at the outlet of the chilling block wax pattern are scraped off in time, so that the adhesive tape of the chilling block wax pattern and the heat-preserving riser is in a bare state, namely no shell cover is in an open state at the position;
Step one, three: dewaxing and roasting.
Further, in the step one, the adhesive tape at the outlet of the heat-preserving riser is removed before the shell is baked.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
1. The fixed-point and timing cooling is realized by arranging the chilling block and controlling the water pump, namely the fixed hot joint part of the casting is chilled after the casting and the molding of the alloy are carried out, which is very important for the forming of the thin-wall part, the traditional chilling starts at the stage of the alloy molding, the alloy liquid is cooled too early, the molding process is influenced, and the casting possibly has cold insulation defects.
The fixed-point cooling refers to cooling of a hot joint part of a casting, the point refers to the place meaning, namely the hot joint place, and the casting solidification process control refers to controlling the solidification sequence of the hot joint part of the casting.
The timing cooling is active delay cooling, which is an active chilling means after the casting is filled, and the traditional cooling mode is a passive cooling method, namely, the alloy liquid is chilled only by contacting with the alloy liquid. The thickness of the ceramic shell used for investment casting is generally (4-12) mm, and the shell is too thin and has high heat dissipation speed, so that the shell is preheated to ensure that the molten metal in the shell is not solidified prematurely, if the chilling effect starts to be exerted at the moment, more crystal nucleus is separated from the molten metal, the viscosity of the molten metal is increased, the filling resistance is increased, and the molten metal flows are solidified before being converged, so that cold insulation defects are formed. This is extremely detrimental to the formation of the casting.
2. The invention has strong chilling capability, and the chilling structure can not generate heat saturation phenomenon, so that the heat in the chilling block can be timely transferred away due to circulating cooling water, and the temperature of the chilling block and the temperature of the hot joint part of the casting can always keep a larger temperature difference. The traditional investment casting adopts a chill mode for chilling, the temperature of the very chill after the shell is preheated is higher, a certain chilling effect can be achieved at the initial stage of solidification of the casting, but when the temperature difference between the chill and the temperature of the casting is very small, a thermal saturation state is achieved, the chilling effect cannot be achieved when the casting is solidified, the loosening problem of the casting can occur, and the circulating water adopted by the invention has no thermal saturation problem.
3. The invention designs an insulating riser structure for investment casting (the insulating riser structure is a riser structure with an interlayer filled with insulating materials, the insulating materials have high thermal resistance, can play a role in insulating heat for greatly reducing the heat dissipation rate of metal liquid in a riser), delay the heat dissipation of the riser, realize the active regulation and control of the solidification process by combining a chilling system, and improve the feeding capacity.
4. The aluminum alloy casting is solidified under pressure, and the problem of potential pinholes of the casting can be solved besides a certain pressure feeding effect. Because the solubility of hydrogen in the aluminum melt can be increased in a pressurized environment, solidification is completed before hydrogen is precipitated in the subsequent solidification process, and the problem of pinholes is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the water inlet pipe 7, the water pump 8, the water diversion pipe 9, the water discharge pipe 10 and the chilling block 12 in fig. 2. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the quench block 12. FIG. 5 is a side view of the quench block 12. FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the fit of the chill block 12 to the hot spot 15 of the casting. Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a chilled block 12 and casting hot spot 15 casting a wax pattern. Fig. 8 is a front cross-sectional view of the ceramic shell insulated riser 13. Fig. 9 is a view of fig. 8 at a. Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the ceramic shell insulated riser 13 in use, and fig. 11 is a schematic view of the ceramic shell insulated riser 13 wrapped with a wax pattern. FIG. 12 is a thermal management workflow diagram of an aluminum alloy investment casting solidification process.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 to 11, an aluminum alloy investment casting apparatus of the present embodiment includes a casting tank body in which cooling water is contained, a metal grid 6, a water inlet pipe 7, a water pump 8, a water diversion pipe 9, a drain pipe 10, an air inlet pipe 11, a chilling block 12, a ceramic shell insulating riser 13 and a ceramic shell 14, wherein the metal grid 6 is mounted on a lower tank 2 of the casting tank body, the ceramic shell 14 is mounted on the metal grid 6, the ceramic shell insulating riser 13 is mounted on an upper portion of the ceramic shell 14, the chilling block 12 is mounted on a casting hot junction portion 15 on the ceramic shell 14, the air inlet pipe 11 is inserted on a lower tank 2 of the casting tank body, one end of the water inlet pipe 7 extends into the cooling water through the metal grid 6, the other end of the water inlet pipe 7 is connected with the water pump 8 and cools the chilling block 12 through the water diversion pipe 9, one end of the drain pipe 10 is connected with the chilling block 12, and the other end of the drain pipe 10 extends into the cooling water through the metal grid 6.
When the chilling system is started, the water pump 8 pumps up cooling water to enter the chilling block 12 through the water diversion pipe 9, the cooling water is discharged to the bottom of the lower tank 2 along the water discharge pipe 10 after heat exchange, and the stirring device is arranged at the bottom of the lower tank 2 to uniformly mix the discharged hot water with the cooling water.
Before the chilling system is started, the upper tank 1 is automatically closed and simultaneously the locking ring is locked, at the moment, nitrogen formed by gasifying liquid nitrogen through the carburetor enters the sealed tank body from the air inlet pipe 11, the pressure in the tank reaches 6bar within 30 seconds (the casting is solidified, the pressure cannot play a feeding role, so that the tank body pressurization speed is faster and better), and pressure maintaining is carried out until solidification is finished.
The device can solidify the casting under pressure, so that the structure of the casting is more compact, the solubility of hydrogen in an aluminum melt can be improved, and pinholes are formed when the hydrogen is not precipitated during solidification. The nitrogen gas also reduces oxidation of the aluminum melt in the mold cavity.
According to the embodiment, the part with large casting modulus (usually the thick part of the casting) is determined according to the casting modulus cloud chart, and the feeding units of the part with large modulus are designed according to specific conditions, for example, the solidification speed of the part with large modulus is accelerated by adopting chilling measures only for the part with large modulus, or the feeding of the riser is only adopted, and the feeding can be completed in a mode of combining the riser and chilling. In order to improve the feeding effect, the cooling system (namely the water inlet pipe 7, the water pump 8, the water diversion pipe 9, the water discharge pipe 10, the air inlet pipe 11 and the chilling block 12) is used for improving the local chilling capability of the ceramic shell, the ceramic shell heat-insulating riser is designed for delaying the cooling speed of molten metal in the riser to improve the feeding capability of the riser, the pressure of the casting during solidification is increased to enable the tissue of the casting to be more compact, the solubility of hydrogen in an aluminum melt can be improved, and the casting is prevented from forming pinholes.
In the prior art, because the chilling capacity of the chilling block is limited, water is directly sprayed on the shell, but a chilling region is difficult to control. The method is an ideal timing chilling method for performing strong chilling on the designated part of the ceramic shell by adopting circulating water immediately after casting is finished, on one hand, the chilling effect on molten metal in the process of filling the alloy liquid is avoided, the temperature of the molten metal is greatly reduced, the flowing and feeding of the molten metal are not influenced, and the method is very beneficial to the filling and feeding of the alloy liquid. On the other hand, the circulating water can continuously take away the local heat of the shell, so that the problem of heat saturation is avoided, and the chilling capacity is very strong.
The thickness of the ceramic shell used for investment casting is generally (4-12) mm, and because the shell is too thin, if a point cooling pipe (for die casting) is directly adopted in the shell coating process, the ceramic shell is difficult to fix on a die set to form the shell along with the coating, and the casting has a complex structure and is not suitable for adopting a simple point cooling pipe.
The second embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the casting tank according to the present embodiment includes an upper tank 1, a lower tank 2, an upper tank opening/closing mechanism 3, a locking mechanism 4, and a seal ring 5, the locking mechanism 4 is mounted on the upper end of the lower tank 2, the seal ring 5 is mounted on the locking mechanism 4, and the upper tank 1 is mounted on the lower tank 2 through the upper tank opening/closing mechanism 3. In this way, the upper tank opening and closing mechanism 3 of the present embodiment is configured to open and close by driving the upper tank to rotate around the fixed shaft by extending and contracting the hydraulic pump connecting the upper tank 1 and the lower tank 2, and the locking mechanism 4 is configured by the hydraulic pump and the locking ring, and the lower tank contains cooling water for cooling. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: referring to fig. 4 to 5, a chilling block 12 of the present embodiment includes a block 12-1, a water inlet pipe 12-2, a water outlet pipe 12-3, and two quick-change joints 12-4, a cooling channel 12-5 is formed in the block 12-1, the water inlet pipe 12-2 and the water outlet pipe 12-3 are connected to an inlet and an outlet of the cooling channel 12-5, and ends of the water inlet pipe 12-2 and the water outlet pipe 12-3 are connected to one quick-change joint 12-4, respectively. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first or second embodiment.
The inlet tube and the drain pipe of this embodiment adopt stainless steel material, and its one end is connected with the inside pipeline exit linkage of chilling piece, and quick change joint is connected to the other end. The heat of the chilling block can be rapidly led out by the circulating water, no thermal saturation exists, and the active regulation and control of the cooling speed can be realized. The size and shape of the effective acting surface of the chilling block are related to the hot joint, so that the hot joint can be completely covered.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: referring to fig. 4 to 5, the cooling passage 12-5 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of horizontal passages 12-5-1, a vertical passage 12-5-2, a water inlet passage 12-5-3 and a water outlet passage 12-5-4, the plurality of horizontal passages 12-5-1 are horizontally opened in a rectangular array to form a rectangular cooling passage, the water inlet passage 12-5-3 and the water outlet passage 12-5-4 are horizontally opened, the water inlet passage 12-5-3 is located above the rectangular cooling passage, the water outlet passage 12-5-4 is located below the rectangular cooling passage, and the vertical passage 12-5-2 is installed in the block 12-1 and communicates the rectangular cooling passage, the water inlet passage 12-5-3 and the water outlet passage 12-5-4. So arranged, the outside of the block 12-1 of the present embodiment is provided with a positioning step, the inside is provided with a cooling channel 12-5 which is communicated with each other, only a water inlet and a water outlet are reserved at the outer side of the chilling block 12, and the rest of outlets are filled. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second or third embodiments.
Fifth embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 6, in which the right end surface of the block 12-1 of the present embodiment is an effective working surface 12-5-5, and the effective working surface 12-5-5 is bonded to the cast hot spot 15. By means of the arrangement, the chilling block of the embodiment is in direct contact with the aluminum melt (ceramic shell blocking is omitted, thermal resistance is effectively reduced, chilling efficiency is greatly improved), and therefore the chilling block is made of heat-resistant steel, graphite or a ceramic core (the preheating temperature of the shell needs to be borne). Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third or fourth embodiments.
Specific embodiment six: as described with reference to FIG. 7, the chill block 12 of this embodiment further includes a chill block wax pattern 12-6, the chill block wax pattern 12-6 surrounding the exterior side wall of the block 12-1 and the hot spot portion 15 of the casting. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth or fifth embodiments.
The embodiment designs a chilling block assembly structure of the ceramic shell, and the assembly and the plugging of the chilling block are completed. When the shell is prepared, a chilling block wax mould is prepared, the volume of the wax mould is 0.5-1 percent larger than that of the chilling block, a trace gap is reserved between the chilling block and the inner wall of the shell, the shell is prevented from being broken by expanding when the shell is preheated, the positioning step of the chilling block wax mould is 10mm thicker than that of the chilling block, the chilling block is conveniently plugged by adopting a shell repairing agent after being filled into the shell, and the chilling block wax mould is adhered to the hot joint position of the casting wax mould by using adhesive wax. When the coating is used for manufacturing the shell, the coating on the surface of the wax mould outlet of the chilling block is scraped immediately after each coating, so that the wax is exposed at the position before dewaxing, dewaxing and shell roasting are performed, and then the chilling block is arranged in the shell and is blocked by the shell repairing agent, so that the flame running in the casting process is avoided.
Seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 8 to 11, in which the ceramic shell insulating riser 13 is a circular riser, and the circular riser is formed with an annular cavity 13-1 in the circumferential direction. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth embodiments.
In order to avoid the problems of gas rolling and slag inclusion during the mold filling process, the investment casting of the aluminum alloy castings generally adopts a bottom pouring open pouring system, namely, alloy liquid is filled from the bottom of the casting and finally flows into a riser, the mold filling time is relatively long, at the moment, aluminum melt in the riser is formed by converging the front ends of liquid flows, the temperature of the aluminum melt is lower than that of the casting below, even the riser is solidified, the casting is not solidified, and the riser loses the feeding effect. The temperature reduction speed of the insulating riser when the riser is solidified is designed, so that the temperature of molten metal in the riser is greatly higher than the temperature of a casting, and the feeding effect of the riser is improved.
A riser ceramic housing (wall thickness below 4 mm) with a sandwich structure (finger ring cavity 13-1) is made by the method of preparing the ceramic core, with a riser part in the middle. And then filling and compacting the annular cavity 13-1 with a heat insulation blanket, sealing the top of the riser by using an adhesive tape, adhering a riser interface wax mould to the part of the wax mould where the riser is required to be placed during use, adhering a riser ceramic shell to the riser interface wax mould, coating the shell, scraping the coating on the adhesive tape for each layer of shell, dewaxing and roasting to form a firm ceramic shell on the outer layer of the riser ceramic shell.
The traditional investment casting method for insulating the riser is that insulating cotton is wrapped on the outer wall of a mold shell of the riser, and the insulating cotton cannot be tightly attached to the mold shell due to the rugged outer wall of the mold shell and the irregular riser, so that the insulating effect is limited. The riser of the invention is not limited to a cylindrical riser, and for all riser structures, the method can be used for manufacturing the insulating riser for investment casting to improve the feeding effect, and the essence is to control the heat dissipation rate of the riser.
Eighth embodiment: the casting method of the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 12, and includes the steps of:
Step one: the ceramic shell 14 is baked, the chilling block 12 is filled, the outlet of the chilling block 12 is plugged by the ceramic shell 14 repairing agent, and the ceramic shell 14 is preheated after the ceramic shell 14 repairing agent is hardened;
Step two: after the shell reaches the heat preservation time, preparing to pour;
The ceramic shell 14 is turned into a pouring device, the water inlet pipeline 12-2 on all chilling blocks 12 is immediately connected into the water diversion pipe 9, the water outlet pipeline 12-3 is connected into the water discharge pipe 10, and pouring is started;
step three: starting the aluminum alloy investment casting device after pouring is finished, and completing closing, locking and sealing of the tank body by the aluminum alloy investment casting device;
The aluminum alloy investment casting device automatically starts the water pump 8 and introduces nitrogen into the casting tank body, wherein the water pump 8 conveys cooling water into each chilling block 12, the cooling water is discharged into the lower tank 2 from the water outlet after heat exchange in the chilling blocks 12 is completed, heat transfer of the chilling blocks 12 is completed, each chilling block 12 is not saturated, air pressure in 30 seconds reaches 6bar, and pressure is maintained until solidification is completed. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh embodiments.
Detailed description nine: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 11, in which step one includes the following steps before preheating the ceramic shell 14:
The method comprises the following steps: preparing a chilling block 12, a chilling block wax mould 12-6 and a ceramic shell heat-insulating riser 13;
step two: when the investment pattern is combined, the chilling block wax pattern 12-6 and the ceramic shell heat-preserving riser 13 are bonded at a designated position, the outlet of the ceramic shell heat-preserving riser 13 is sealed by an adhesive tape, and each layer of slurry is coated in the coating shell manufacturing process to timely scrape off the heat-preserving riser adhesive tape and slurry at the outlet of the chilling block wax pattern, so that the adhesive tapes of the chilling block wax pattern and the heat-preserving riser are in a bare state, namely no shell cover is arranged at the position and in an open state;
Step one, three: dewaxing and roasting.
According to the invention, the aluminum alloy investment casting device is utilized to perform delayed high-efficiency chilling on the hot junction part of the investment casting, and the heat-preserving riser is cooperatively utilized, so that the temperature gradient improvement effect of the feeding channel can be increased, and the reasonable temperature field is reconstructed through comprehensively regulating and controlling the heat distribution of the pouring system and combining the comprehensive effect of pressure feeding, so that the casting has good metallurgical quality and favorable mechanical property. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in any one of the first to eighth embodiments.
Detailed description ten: in the third step of the present embodiment, the tape at the outlet of the insulating riser is removed before the mold shell is baked, which will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 11. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in any one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The working principle of the present invention is explained with reference to fig. 1 to 12:
the aluminum alloy investment shell casting material ZL114A has the diameter of 480mm, the casting height of 550mm, the main body wall thickness of 3.5mm and 5 thick and large parts (the modulus is between 0.9 cm and 1.0 cm), and riser heads are arranged at the thick and large parts. These thick and large parts were found to have serious shrinkage porosity defects by X-ray examination. The hot spots indicating the thick and large parts are not fed effectively and remain inside the casting.
Preparing 5 chilling blocks and heat-preserving risers, respectively bonding chilling block wax molds to the bottoms of the thick parts during investment combination, bonding the heat-preserving risers at the tops of the thick parts, sealing riser outlets by using adhesive tapes, scraping off slurry at the chilling block wax mold outlets and each layer of adhesive tapes of the heat-preserving risers in time during coating material shell making, exposing the adhesive tapes of the chilling block wax molds and the heat-preserving risers, namely, no shell covers the chilling blocks in an opening state (facilitating subsequent assembly of chilling blocks and riser exhaust), dewaxing and roasting, removing dust and other sundries in the shells to assemble chilling blocks, sealing the chilling block outlets by using a shell repairing agent to avoid flame leakage during casting, and preheating the shells after the repairing agent is dried.
The shell preheating temperature is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, the shell preheating temperature is transferred to a thermal management device, after a water pipe is connected, pouring is carried out, the pouring temperature of ZL114A alloy is 748 ℃, the filling time is 50s, after pouring is finished, the thermal management device is started, the device is closed, the upper tank is locked, the equipment automatically starts the thick part of circulating water chilling and simultaneously automatically introduces nitrogen after gasification, and the thermal gradient of a feeding channel is increased by cooperating with the comprehensive regulation and control of a heat distribution of a heat preservation riser management pouring system. The hot joint at the 5 thick and large parts is effectively fed, and the shrinkage porosity problem is solved.
The mechanical properties of the samples of the thick and large parts are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Property test results of thick and big parts
| Sampling part | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation percentage% |
| 1 | 340 | 282 | 5 |
| 2 | 342 | 282 | 5.5 |
| 3 | 338 | 279 | 5 |
| 4 | 345 | 283 | 6 |
| 5 | 347 | 285 | 6 |
The anatomical mechanical property of the traditional investment casting Z114A casting body is that the tensile strength is between (290) MPa and (320) MPa, the yield strength is between (250) MPa and (270) MPa, and the elongation is between (2.5) percent and (4) percent. The mechanical property improving effect is very remarkable.
While the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention, but rather to cover various modifications which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an aluminum alloy investment casting device, it includes the casting jar body, and the inside of casting jar body holds cooling water, its characterized in that: it also comprises a metal grid (6), a water inlet pipe (7), a water pump (8), a water diversion pipe (9), a water discharge pipe (10), an air inlet pipe (11), a chilling block (12), a ceramic shell heat insulation riser (13) and a ceramic shell (14),
The metal grid (6) is arranged on the lower tank (2) of the casting tank body, the ceramic shell (14) is arranged on the metal grid (6), the ceramic shell heat insulation riser (13) is arranged on the upper part of the ceramic shell (14), the chilling block (12) is arranged at a casting hot junction part (15) on the ceramic shell (14), the air inlet pipe (11) is inserted on the lower tank (2) of the casting tank body, one end of the water inlet pipe (7) penetrates through the metal grid (6) to extend into cooling water, the other end of the water inlet pipe (7) is connected with the water pump (8) and cools the chilling block (12) through the water diversion pipe (9), one end of the water outlet pipe (10) is connected with the chilling block (12), and the other end of the water outlet pipe (10) penetrates through the metal grid (6) to extend into the cooling water;
The chilling block (12) comprises a block body (12-1), a water inlet pipeline (12-2), a water outlet pipeline (12-3), two quick-change joints (12-4) and a chilling block wax mould (12-6), wherein a cooling channel (12-5) is processed in the block body (12-1), the water inlet pipeline (12-2) and the water outlet pipeline (12-3) are respectively connected with an inlet and an outlet of the cooling channel (12-5), and the ends of the water inlet pipeline (12-2) and the water outlet pipeline (12-3) are respectively connected with one quick-change joint (12-4);
The cooling channel (12-5) comprises a plurality of horizontal channels (12-5-1), a vertical channel (12-5-2), a water inlet channel (12-5-3) and a water outlet channel (12-5-4), wherein the plurality of horizontal channels (12-5-1) are horizontally arranged in a rectangular array mode to form a rectangular cooling channel, the water inlet channel (12-5-3) and the water outlet channel (12-5-4) are horizontally arranged, the water inlet channel (12-5-3) is positioned above the rectangular cooling channel, the water outlet channel (12-5-4) is positioned below the rectangular cooling channel, and the vertical channel (12-5-2) is arranged in the block (12-1) and communicates the rectangular cooling channel, the water inlet channel (12-5-3) and the water outlet channel (12-5-4);
the right end face of the block body (12-1) is an effective acting surface (12-5-5), and the effective acting surface (12-5-5) is attached to a casting hot joint part (15);
The chilling block wax mould (12-6) is surrounded on the outer side wall of the block (12-1) and the casting hot joint part (15).
2. An aluminum alloy investment casting apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: the casting tank body comprises an upper tank (1), a lower tank (2), an upper tank opening and closing mechanism (3), a locking mechanism (4) and a sealing rubber ring (5), wherein the locking mechanism (4) is arranged at the upper end of the lower tank (2), the sealing rubber ring (5) is arranged on the locking mechanism (4), and the upper tank (1) is arranged on the lower tank (2) through the upper tank opening and closing mechanism (3).
3. An aluminum alloy investment casting apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein: the ceramic shell heat-insulating riser (13) is a circular riser, and an annular cavity (13-1) is formed in the circular riser along the circumferential direction.
4. A casting method using the aluminum alloy investment casting apparatus as recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
Step one: loading the chilling block (12) into the ceramic shell (14) after roasting, plugging the outlet of the chilling block (12) by using a ceramic shell (14) repairing agent, and preheating the ceramic shell (14) after the ceramic shell (14) repairing agent is hardened;
Step two: after the shell reaches the heat preservation time, preparing to pour;
The ceramic shell (14) is transferred to a pouring device, the water inlet pipelines (12-2) on all chilling blocks (12) are immediately connected to the water diversion pipe (9), the water outlet pipeline (12-3) is connected to the water discharge pipe (10), and pouring is started;
step three: starting the aluminum alloy investment casting device after pouring is finished, and completing closing, locking and sealing of the tank body by the aluminum alloy investment casting device;
The aluminum alloy investment casting device automatically starts a water pump (8) and introduces nitrogen into the casting tank body, wherein the water pump (8) conveys cooling water into each chilling block (12), the cooling water is discharged into the lower tank (2) from a water outlet after heat exchange in the chilling blocks (12) is completed, heat transfer of the chilling blocks (12) is completed, each chilling block (12) is not saturated, air pressure in 30 seconds reaches 6bar, and pressure is maintained until solidification is completed.
5. The casting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: step one comprises the following steps before preheating the ceramic shell (14):
The method comprises the following steps: preparing a chilling block (12), a chilling block wax mould (12-6) and a ceramic shell heat-insulating riser (13);
Step two: when the investment pattern is combined, a chilling block wax pattern (12-6) and a ceramic shell heat-preserving riser (13) are bonded at a designated position, the outlet of the ceramic shell heat-preserving riser (13) is sealed by an adhesive tape, and each layer of slurry is coated in the coating shell manufacturing process to scrape off the adhesive tape of the heat-preserving riser and the slurry at the outlet of the chilling block wax pattern in time, so that the adhesive tapes of the chilling block wax pattern and the heat-preserving riser are in a bare state, namely no shell cover is in an open state at the position;
Step one, three: dewaxing and roasting.
6. The casting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the third step, the adhesive tape at the outlet of the heat preservation riser is removed before the shell is baked.
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| JP2001164985A (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2001-06-19 | Kubota Corp | Cylinder block of multi-cylinder engine and casting method for same |
| FR2927270B1 (en) * | 2008-02-08 | 2010-10-22 | Snecma | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING DIRECTED SOLIDIFICATION AUBES |
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| JP6527632B1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-06-05 | 本田金属技術株式会社 | Casting equipment |
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| CN104302423A (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2015-01-21 | 弗里茨温特铸造有限及两合公司 | Method for casting a cast part provided with at least one passage opening |
| CN107377890A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-24 | 宜昌船舶柴油机有限公司 | Improve the method and device of marine diesel cylinder liner endoporus wearability |
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