CN116264834A - 羟基嘌呤类化合物用于治疗皮肤疾病的用途 - Google Patents
羟基嘌呤类化合物用于治疗皮肤疾病的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及治疗皮肤疾病的药物领域,尤其涉及一系列羟基嘌呤类化合物在制备治疗皮肤疾病,尤其是特应性皮炎的药物中的应用。
磷酸二酯酶(PDE)催化水解环化核苷酸cGMP和cAMP,通过控制这两个重要的二级信号因子的分子内浓度调控各种生理反应。环化核苷酸cGMP和cAMP分子内的调控异常是导致许多疾病的原因,现在已经有多个药物通过抑制PDE活性来改善和治疗疾病,如PDE5抑制剂用于肺动脉高压,PDE4抑制剂用于银屑病引起的关节炎。目前已知的磷酸二酯酶基因共有十一个大类,每一类又可以表达若干亚型,总共有超过100种PDE亚型。不同的亚型具有不同的结构,不同的组织分布,对环化核苷酸cGMP和cAMP的催化活性也有很大的不同,调控的生理功能也是千差万别。
肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)是一种具有多种生物学活性的细胞因子,对多种疾病,特别是免疫和炎症相关的疾病的发生、发展及治疗具有重要影响。TNF-α主要由单核细胞和巨噬细胞系产生,参与机体的免疫调节和细胞因子网络协调。正常情况下,TNF-α对免疫防御和免疫监督起着重要作用,但在某些情况下却有不良作用。研究显示,TNF-α过量表达可诱导促炎细胞因子如白介素1(interleukon-1,IL-1)、IL-6等的表达、增加内皮细胞通透性、上调粘附分子表达、激活中性白细胞和嗜酸细胞,并且诱导骨滑膜细胞和软骨细胞分泌急性期物质和组织降解酶等促进炎症的发生。这些病理反应在许多免疫介导的炎症性疾病(Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases,IMID)的发生发展中起着非常重要的作用,如风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)、牛皮癣关节炎(psoriatic arthritis,PsA)、强直性脊椎炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)、炎症性肠炎(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)、幼年型慢性关节炎(juvenile chronic arthritis,JCA)以及脉管炎(vasculitis)等。研究表明,TNF-α是以上多种IMID的理想靶标,同时对于一些由于长期慢性炎症损伤造成的疾病,如脂肪肝炎,慢性阻塞性肺炎等,使用TNF-α拮抗药物(TNF-α inhibitors)来中和过量的TNF-α,也是有效的防治和治疗途径。TNF-α单抗药物在临床上已经证明,抑制TNF-α是非常有效的治疗上述炎症相关疾病的手段。
PDE从机理上可以调控TNF-α的表达,因此可以通过调节PDE活性来控制TNF-α的水平,从而可以实现控制炎症反应。
环化核苷酸cGMP和cAMP通过激活关键细胞效应物如蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A,PKA)转导外界信号。PKA通过磷酸化抑制许多转录因子的活性,包括活化B淋巴细胞的核因子κ-轻链增强子(nuclear factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated T-cells,NFAT)等。这些因子控制炎症递质如白细胞介素IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-31和肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α的表达,继而调控T淋巴细胞、辅助T淋巴细胞(T-helper,Th)2细胞等细胞的炎症反应,如中心粒细胞脱颗粒,趋化和内皮细胞的黏附。因此,细胞内cAMP水平降低与促炎症递质的分泌有关。
特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)是一种常见的具有复发-缓解过程的瘙痒性皮肤病,严重影响患者的身心健康和生活质量。流行病学研究显示儿童AD的全球发病率为20%,成人为3%。AD患者体 内炎症细胞中PDE4水平明显增加。PDE4是治疗AD的有效靶点之一,PDE4抑制剂通过诱导细胞内cAMP增加,PKA激活抑制NFAT和NFκB信号通路减少下游细胞因子和趋化因子的释放。多项体外试验显示,暴露于高效PDE4抑制剂的特应性白细胞中前列腺素E2,IL-4和IL-10的产生显著减少。随后的体内实验也证实了这种预测,PDE4抑制应用于AD患者后相关炎症参数均显著降低。这种体内有效的抗炎作用是PDE4抑制剂应用于AD治疗的基本原理。
Crisaborole(AN2728)是一种小分子硼基苯并氧杂环戊烷PDE4抑制剂,已被证实可改善AD患者的疾病严重程度。目前,Crisaborole于2016年获FDA批准首次上市,是美国FDA在2016年过去15年批准治疗特应性皮炎(湿疹)的首个新分子实体。2020年3月,美国FDA已批准将Crisaborole软膏适应症扩展至3个月大的轻中度特应性皮炎患儿,该补充批准使得其成为第一个也是唯一适用于3个月大的轻中度AD患儿的局部处方药。
OPA-15406作为另一种PDE4抑制剂的软膏制剂,在对10~70岁AD的I、II期阶段临床试验中获得了较好疗效。I期和II期临床试验中也评估了OPA-15406的药代动力学,该化合物对一种PDE4B亚型具有高度选择性,但对PDE2也具有抑制作用。总体而言,OPA-15406在所有研究中被证实安全且耐受性良好。
欧洲专利EP544391,由梯瓦制药于1992.08.19申请,该专利公开了己酮可可碱用于局部治疗牛皮癣和特应性皮炎。
中国专利ZL201580054840.9,由广东众生睿创生物科技有限公司申请,于2017.08.01公开了一系列羟基嘌呤化合物,该系列化合物具有抑制PDE2的作用。发明人在后续进一步研究中惊喜地发现,该系列化合物同时具有抑制PDE4的作用,且高度抑制PDE4B同工酶,从而能够达到治疗皮肤疾病,如特应性皮炎等的作用。
发明内容
本发明提供式(I)所示化合物、其互变异构体或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗皮肤疾病药物中的应用,
其中,
L
11选自不存在、C(R)(R’);
R、R’分别独立地选自H、卤素、OH、NH
2、CN、任选被取代的C
1~6烷基或杂烷基;
任选地,R、R’可以与其相连的碳原子一起环化成3-6元环烷基、杂环烷基;
A为不存在,或任选被取代的环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基;
L
12选自任选被取代的C
1~6烷基或杂烷基;
R
1选自任选被取代的C
1~6烷基、3-6元环烷基或杂烷基;
“杂”代表N、O、S、C(=O)、S(=O)、S(=O)
2,每个基团上杂原子的数目选自1、2、3或4。
本发明的一些方案中,上述R、R’、A、L
12、R
1中取代基分别独立地选自卤素、OH、NH
2、CN、C
1~6烷基、3-6元环烷基或杂烷基,每个基团取代基的数目分别独立地选自1、2或3。
本发明的一些方案中,上述R、R’分别独立地选自H、Me、CF
3、Et。
本发明的一些方案中,上述A选自任选被取代的:3~12元环烷基或杂环烷基、5~12元芳基或杂芳基。
本发明的一些方案中,上述A选自任选被取代的:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环氧戊基、 苯基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、双环[1.1.1]戊烷,或选自由上述基团中任意两个组成的二联环基、螺环基或并环基。
本发明具体涉及下式化合物在制备治疗皮肤疾病药物中的应用:
进一步地,本发明涉及下式化合物在制备治疗皮肤疾病药物中应用:
本发明涉及所述的化合物在制备治疗皮肤疾病药物中的应用,所述皮肤疾病优选特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、接触性皮炎、其他湿疹性皮炎、以及迟发超敏反应;植物性和日光性皮炎;脂溢性皮炎、疱疹样皮炎;扁平苔藓、硬化性苔藓、硬化萎缩苔藓、坏疽性脓皮病、皮肤结节病、血管性水肿、血管炎、中毒性红斑、皮肤嗜伊红细胞增多症、局限性脱发、男性型秃发、斯维特综合征、韦-克综合症、多发性红斑;感染性或非感染性蜂窝组织炎;脂膜炎;皮肤淋巴瘤、非黑素瘤皮肤癌或其他发育不良的病变;药物诱导性疾病,包括固定的药疹。
更优选地,上述皮肤疾病选自特应性皮炎。
进一步地,本发明涉及所述的化合物在制备治疗皮肤疾病药物中的应用,所述化合物为如下式所示化合物1,所述皮肤疾病为特应性皮炎,
相关定义
除非另有说明,本文所用的术语和短语具有下列含义。一个特定的术语或短语在没有特别定义的情况下不应该被认为是不确定的或不清楚的,而应该按照普通的含义去理解。当本文中出现商品名时,意在指代其对应的商品或其活性成分。
这里所采用的术语“药学上可接受的”,是针对那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型而言,它们在可靠的医学判断的范围之内,适用于与人类和动物的组织接触使用,而没有过多的毒性、刺激性、过敏性反应或其它问题或并发症,与合理的利益/风险比相称。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指本发明化合物的盐,由本发明发现的具有特定取代基的化合物与相对无毒的酸或碱制备。当本发明的化合物中含有相对酸性的功能团时,可以通过在纯的溶液或合适的惰性溶剂中用足够量的碱与这类化合物的中性形式接触的方式获得碱加成盐。药学上可接受的碱加成盐包括钠、钾、钙、铵、有机胺或镁盐或类似的盐。当本发明的化合物中含有相对碱性的官能团时,可以通过在纯的溶液或合适的惰性溶剂中用足够量的酸与这类化合物的中性形式接触的方式获得酸加成盐。药学上可接受的酸加成盐的实例包括无机酸盐,所述无机酸包括例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、碳酸,碳酸氢根, 磷酸、磷酸一氢根、磷酸二氢根、硫酸、硫酸氢根、氢碘酸、亚磷酸等;以及有机酸盐,所述有机酸包括如乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、马来酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、反丁烯二酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和甲磺酸等类似的酸;还包括氨基酸(如精氨酸等)的盐,以及如葡糖醛酸等有机酸的盐(参见Berge et al.,"Pharmaceutical Salts",Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 66:1-19(1977))。本发明的某些特定的化合物含有碱性和酸性的官能团,从而可以被转换成任一碱或酸加成盐。
优选地,以常规方式使盐与碱或酸接触,再分离母体化合物,由此再生化合物的中性形式。化合物的母体形式与其各种盐的形式的不同之处在于某些物理性质,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解度不同。
本文所用的“药学上可接受的盐”属于本发明化合物的衍生物,其中,通过与酸成盐或与碱成盐的方式修饰所述母体化合物。药学上可接受的盐的实例包括但不限于:碱基比如胺的无机酸或有机酸盐、酸根比如羧酸的碱金属或有机盐等等。药学上可接受的盐包括常规的无毒性的盐或母体化合物的季铵盐,例如无毒的无机酸或有机酸所形成的盐。常规的无毒性的盐包括但不限于那些衍生自无机酸和有机酸的盐,所述的无机酸或有机酸选自2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、乙酸、抗坏血酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、碳酸氢根、碳酸、柠檬酸、依地酸、乙烷二磺酸、乙烷磺酸、富马酸、葡庚糖、葡糖酸、谷氨酸、乙醇酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、氢碘酸、羟基、羟萘、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、乳糖、十二烷基磺酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、甲烷磺酸、硝酸、草酸、双羟萘酸、泛酸、苯乙酸、磷酸、多聚半乳糖醛、丙酸、水杨酸、硬脂酸、亚乙酸、琥珀酸、氨基磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸、硫酸、单宁、酒石酸和对甲苯磺酸。
本发明的药学上可接受的盐可由含有酸根或碱基的母体化合物通过常规化学方法合成。一般情况下,这样的盐的制备方法是:在水或有机溶剂或两者的混合物中,经由游离酸或碱形式的这些化合物与化学计量的适当的碱或酸反应来制备。一般地,优选使用醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异丙醇或乙腈等非水介质。
除了盐的形式,本发明所提供的化合物还存在前药形式。本文所描述的化合物的前药容易地在生理条件下发生化学变化从而转化成本发明的化合物。此外,前药也可以在体内环境中通过化学或生化方法被转换到本发明的化合物。
本发明的某些化合物可以以非溶剂化形式或者溶剂化形式存在,包括水合物形式。一般而言,溶剂化形式与非溶剂化的形式相当,都包含在本发明的范围之内。
本发明的某些化合物可以具有不对称碳原子(光学中心)或双键。外消旋体、非对映异构体、几何异构体和单个的异构体都包括在本发明的范围之内。
除非另有说明,用楔形键和虚线键
表示一个立体中心的绝对构型,用
表示一个立体中心的相对构型。当本文所述化合物含有烯属双键或其它几何不对称中心,除非另有规定,它们包括E、Z几何异构体。同样地,所有的互变异构形式也均包括在本发明的范围之内。
本发明的化合物可以存在特定的几何或立体异构体形式。本发明涉及所有的这类化合物,包括顺式和反式异构体、(-)-和(+)-对映体、(R)-和(S)-对映体、非对映异构体、(D)-异构体、(L)-异构体,及其外消旋混合物和其他混合物,例如对映异构体或非对映体富集的混合物,所有这些混合物都属于本发明的范围之内。烷基等取代基中可存在另外的不对称碳原子。所有这些异构体以及它们的混合物,均包括在本发明的范围之内。
可以通过手性合成或手性试剂或者其他常规技术制备光学活性的(R)-和(S)-异构体以及D和L异构体。如果想得到本发明某化合物的一种对映体,可以通过不对称合成或者具有手性助剂的衍生作用来制备,其中将所得非对映体混合物分离,并且辅助基团裂开以提供纯的所需对映异构体。或者,当分子中含有碱性官能团(如氨基)或酸性官能团(如羧基)时,与适当的光学活性的酸或碱形成非对映异构体的盐,然后通过本领域所公知的常用方法进行非对映异构体拆分,然后回收得到纯的对映体。此外,对映异构体和非对映异构体的分离通常是通过使用色谱法完成的,所述色谱法采用手性固定相,并任选地与化学衍生法相结合(例如由胺生成氨基甲酸盐)。
本发明的化合物可以在一个或多个构成该化合物的原子上包含非天然比例的原子同位素。例如,可用放射性同位素标记化合物,比如氚(
3H),碘-125(
125I)或C-14(
14C)。本发明的化合物的所有同位素组成的变换,无论放射性与否,都包括在本发明的范围之内。
术语“药学上可接受的载体”是指能够递送本发明有效量活性物质、不干扰活性物质的生物活性并且对宿主或者患者无毒副作用的任何制剂或载体介质。代表性的载体包括水、油、蔬菜和矿物质、膏剂基质、洗剂基质、软膏基质等。这些基质包括悬浮剂、增粘剂、透皮促进剂等。它们的制剂为化妆品领域或局部药物领域的技术人员所周知。关于载体的其他信息,可以参考Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,21st Ed.,Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins(2005),该文献的内容通过引用的方式并入本文。
术语“赋形剂”通常是指配制有效的药物组合物所需要的载体、稀释剂和/或其它介质。
针对药物或药理学活性剂而言,术语“有效量”或“治疗有效量”是指无毒的但能达到预期效果的药物或药剂的足够用量。对于本发明中的口服剂型,组合物中一种活性物质的“有效量”是指为了达到预期效果所需要的用量。有效量的确定因人而异,取决于受体的年龄和一般情况,也取决于具体的活性物质,个案中合适的有效量可以由本领域技术人员根据常规试验确定。
术语“活性成分”、“治疗剂”,“活性物质”或“活性剂”是指一种化学实体,它可以有效地治疗目标紊乱、疾病或病症。
“任选”或“任选地”指的是随后描述的事件或状况可能但不是必需出现的,并且该描述包括其中所述事件或状况发生的情况以及所述事件或状况不发生的情况。
术语“被取代的”是指特定原子上的任意一个或多个氢原子被取代基取代,包括重氢和氢的变体,只要特定原子的价态是正常的并且取代后的化合物是稳定的。当取代基为酮基(即=O)时,意味着两个氢原子被取代。酮取代不会发生在芳香基上。术语“任选被取代的”是指可以被取代,也可以不被取代,除非另有规定,取代基的种类和数目在化学上可以实现的基础上可以是任意的。
当任何变量(例如R)在化合物的组成或结构中出现一次以上时,其在每一种情况下的定义都是独立的。因此,例如,如果一个基团被0-2个R所取代,则所述基团可以任选地至多被两个R所取代,并且每种情况下的R都有独立的选项。此外,取代基和/或其变体的组合只有在这样的组合会产生稳定的化合物的情况下才是被允许的。
当一个连接基团的数量为0时,比如-(CRR)
0-,表示该连接基团为单键。
当其中一个变量选自单键时,表示其连接的两个基团直接相连,比如A-L-Z中L代表单键时表示该结构实际上是A-Z。
当一个取代基为不存在时,比如A-X,其中X为不存在时表示该结构实际上是A。
当一个取代基的键可以交叉连接到一个环上的两个原子时,这种取代基可以与这个环上的任意原子相键合。当所列举的取代基中没有指明其通过哪一个原子连接到化学结构通式中包括但未具体提及的化合物时,这种取代基可以通过其任何原子相键合。取代基和/或其变体的组合只有在这样的组合会产生稳定的化合物的情况下才是被允许的。例如,结构单元
表示其可在环己基或者环己二烯上的任意一个位置发生取代。
除非另有规定,术语“卤代”或“卤素”本身或作为另一取代基的一部分表示氟、氯、溴或碘原子。此外,术语“卤代烷基”意在包括单卤代烷基和多卤代烷基。例如,术语“卤代(C
1-C
4)烷基”意在包括但不仅限于三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、4-氯丁基和3-溴丙基等等。
卤代烷基的实例包括但不仅限于:三氟甲基、三氯甲基、五氟乙基和五氯乙基。
“烷氧基”代表通过氧桥连接的具有特定数目碳原子的上述烷基。C
1-6烷氧基包括C
1、C
2、C
3、C
4、C
5和C
6的烷氧基。烷氧基的例子包括但不限于:甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基和S-戊氧基。
“环烷基”包括饱和环基,如环丙基、环丁基或环戊基。3-7环烷基包括C
3、C
4、C
5、C
6和C
7环烷基。“链烯基”包括直链或支链构型的烃链,其中该链上任何的稳定位点上存在一个或多个碳-碳双键,例如乙烯基和丙烯基。
除非另有规定,术语“杂”表示杂原子或杂原子团(即含有杂原子的原子团),包括碳(C)和氢(H)以外的原子以及含有这些杂原子的原子团,例如包括氧(O)、氮(N)、硫(S)、硅(Si)、锗(Ge)、铝(Al)、硼(B)、=O、=S、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)-、-C(=S)-、-S(=O)、-S(=O)
2-,以及任选被取代的-C(=O)N(H)-、-N(H)-、-C(=NH)-、-S(=O)
2N(H)-或-S(=O)N(H)-。
除非另有规定,“环”表示被取代或未被取代的环烷基、杂环烷基、环烯基、杂环烯基、环炔基、杂环炔基、芳基或杂芳基。所谓的环包括单环、联环、螺环、并环或桥环。环上原子的数目通常被定义为环的元数,例如,“5~7元环”是指环绕排列5~7个原子。除非另有规定,该环任选地包含1~3个杂原子。因此,“5~7元环”包括例如苯基、吡啶基和哌啶基;另一方面,术语“5~7元杂环烷基环”包括吡啶基和哌啶基,但不包括苯基。术语“环”还包括含有至少一个环的环系,其中的每一个“环”均独立地符合上述定义。
除非另有规定,术语“杂环”或“杂环基”意指稳定的含杂原子或杂原子团的单环、双环或三环,它们可以是饱和的、部分不饱和的或不饱和的(芳族的),它们包含碳原子和1、2、3或4个独立地选自N、O和S的环杂原子,其中上述任意杂环可以稠合到一个碳环上形成双环。氮和硫杂原子可任选被氧化(即N=O和S(=O)p,p是1或2)。氮原子可以是被取代的或未取代的(即N或NR,其中R是H或本文已经定义过的其他取代基)。该杂环可以附着到任何杂原子或碳原子的侧基上从而形成稳定的结构。如果产生的化合物是稳定的,本文所述的杂环可以发生碳位或氮位上的取代。杂环中的氮原子任选地被季铵化。一个优选方案是,当杂环中S及O原子的总数超过1时,这些杂原子彼此不相邻。另一个优选方案是,杂环中S及O原子的总数不超过1。如本文所用,术语“芳族杂环基团”或“杂芳基”意指稳定的 芳香性的5、6、7元单环或双环或7、8、9或10元双环杂环基,它包含碳原子和1、2、3或4个独立地选自N、O和S的环杂原子。氮原子可以是被取代的或未取代的(即N或NR,其中R是H或本文已经定义过的其他取代基)。氮和硫杂原子可任选被氧化(即N=O和S(=O)p,p是1或2)。值得注意的是,芳香杂环上S和O原子的总数不超过1。桥环也包含在杂环的定义中。当一个或多个原子(即C、O、N或S)连接两个不相邻的碳原子或氮原子时形成桥环。优选的桥环中的“桥”包括但不限于:一个碳原子、两个碳原子、一个氮原子、两个氮原子和一个碳-氮基。值得注意的是,一个桥总是将单环转换成三环。桥环中,环上的取代基也可以出现在桥上。
杂环化合物的实例包括但不限于:吖啶基、吖辛因基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并巯基呋喃基、苯并巯基苯基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噁唑啉基、苯并噻唑基、苯并三唑基、苯并四唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并异噻唑基、苯并咪唑啉基、咔唑基、4aH-咔唑基、咔啉基、苯并二氢吡喃基、色烯、噌啉基十氢喹啉基、2H,6H-1,5,2-二噻嗪基、二氢呋喃并[2,3-b]四氢呋喃基、呋喃基、呋咱基、咪唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑基、1H-吲唑基、吲哚烯基、二氢吲哚基、中氮茚基、吲哚基、3H-吲哚基、isatino基、异苯并呋喃基、异吲哚基、异二氢吲哚基、异喹啉基、异噻唑基、异噁唑基、亚甲二氧基苯基、吗啉基、萘啶基,八氢异喹啉基、噁二唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噁二唑基、噁唑烷基、噁唑基、羟吲哚基、嘧啶基、菲啶基、菲咯啉基、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、苯并黄嘌呤基、酚噁嗪基、酞嗪基、哌嗪基、哌啶基、哌啶酮基、4-哌啶酮基、胡椒基、蝶啶基、嘌呤基、吡喃基、吡嗪基、吡唑烷基、吡唑啉基、吡唑基、哒嗪基、吡啶并噁唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡啶并噻唑、吡啶基、吡咯烷基、吡咯啉基、2H-吡咯基、吡咯基、喹唑啉基、喹啉基、4H-喹嗪基、喹喔啉基、奎宁环基、四氢呋喃基、四氢异喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、四唑基,6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、1,2,5-噻二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、噻蒽基、噻唑基、异噻唑基噻吩基、噻吩基、噻吩并噁唑基、噻吩并噻唑基、噻吩并咪唑基、三嗪基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、1,2,5-三唑基、1,3,4-三唑基和呫吨基。还包括稠环和螺环化合物。
除非另有规定,术语“烃基”或者其下位概念(比如烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基等等)本身或者作为另一取代基的一部分表示直链的、支链的或环状的烃原子团或其组合,可以是完全饱和的(如烷基)、单元或多元不饱和的(如烯基、炔基、芳基),可以是单取代或多取代的,可以是一价(如甲基)、二价(如亚甲基)或者多价(如次甲基),可以包括二价或多价原子团,具有指定数量的碳原子(如C
1-C
12表示1至12个碳,C
1-12选自C
1、C
2、C
3、C
4、C
5、C
6、C
7、C
8、C
9、C
10、C
11和C
12;C
3-12选自C
3、C
4、C
5、C
6、C
7、C
8、C
9、C
10、C
11和C
12。)。“烃基”包括但不限于脂肪烃基和芳香烃基,所述脂肪烃基包括链状和环状,具体包括但不限于链状和环状的烷基、烯基、炔基,所述芳香烃基包括但不限于6-12元的芳香烃基,例如苯、萘等。在一些实施例中,术语“烃基”表示直链的或支链的原子团或它们的组合,可以是完全饱和的、单元或多元不饱和的,可以包括二价和多价原子团。饱和烃原子团的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、环己基、(环己基)甲基、环丙基甲基,以及正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基等原子团的同系物或异构体。不饱和烃基具有一个或多个双键或三键,其实例包括但不限于乙烯基、2-丙烯基、丁烯基、巴豆基、2-异戊烯基、2-(丁二烯基)、2,4-戊二烯基、3-(1,4-戊二烯基)、乙炔基、1-和3-丙炔基,3-丁炔基,以及更高级的同系物和异构体。
除非另有规定,术语“杂烃基”或者其下位概念(比如杂烷基、杂烯基、杂炔基、杂芳基等等)本身或者与另一术语联合表示稳定的直链的、支链的或环状的烃原子团或其组合,由一定数目的碳原子和至少一个杂原子组成。在一些实施例中,术语“杂烃基”本身或者与另一术语联合表示稳定的直链的、支链的烃原子团或其组合物,由一定数目的碳原子和至少一个杂原子组成。在一个典型实施例中,杂原子选自B、O、N和S,其中氮和硫原子任选地被氧化,氮杂原子任选地被季铵化。杂原子B、O、N和S可以位于杂烃基的任何内部位置(包括该烃基附着于分子其余部分的位置)。实例包括但不限于-CH
2-CH
2-O-CH
3、-CH
2-CH
2-NH-CH
3、-CH
2-CH
2-N(CH
3)-CH
3、-CH
2-S-CH
2-CH
3、-CH
2-CH
2、-S(=O)-CH
3、-CH
2-CH
2-S(=O)
2-CH
3、-CH=CH-O-CH
3、-CH
2-CH=N-OCH
3和–CH=CH-N(CH
3)-CH
3。至多两个杂原子可以是连续的,例如-CH
2-NH-OCH
3。
术语“烷氧基”、“烷氨基”和“烷硫基”(或硫代烷氧基)属于惯用表达,是指分别通过一个氧原子、氨基或硫原子连接到分子的其余部分的那些烷基基团。
除非另有规定,术语“烷基”用于表示直链或支链的饱和烃基,可以是单取代(如-CH
2F)或多取代的(如-CF
3),可以是一价(如甲基)、二价(如亚甲基)或者多价(如次甲基)。烷基的例子包括甲基(Me),乙基(Et),丙基(如,n-丙基和异丙基),丁基(如,n-丁基,异丁基,s-丁基,t-丁基),戊基(如,n-戊基,异戊基,新戊基)等。
除非另有规定,术语“环烃基”、“杂环烃基”或者其下位概念(比如芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、环烯基、杂环烯基、环炔基、杂环炔基等等)本身或与其他术语联合分别表示环化的“烃基”、“杂烃基”。此外,就杂烃基或杂环烃基(比如杂烷基、杂环烷基)而言,杂原子可以占据该杂环附着于分子其余部分的位置。环烷基的实例包括但不限于环戊基、环己基、1-环己烯基、3-环己烯基、环庚基等。杂环基的非限制性实例包括1-(1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶基)、1-哌啶基、2-哌啶基,3-哌啶基、4-吗啉基、3-吗啉基、四氢呋喃-2-基、四氢呋喃吲哚-3-基、四氢噻吩-2-基、四氢噻吩-3-基,1-哌嗪基和2-哌嗪基。
除非另有规定,术语“芳基”表示多不饱和的芳族烃取代基,可以是单取代、二取代或多取代的,可以是一价、二价或者多价,它可以是单环或多环(优选1至3个环),它们稠合在一起或共价连接。术语“杂芳基”是指含有一至四个杂原子的芳基(或环)。在一个示范性实例中,杂原子选自B、N、O和S,其中氮和硫原子任选地被氧化,氮原子任选地被季铵化。杂芳基可通过杂原子连接到分子的其余部分。芳基或杂芳基的非限制性实施例包括苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、4-联苯基、1-吡咯基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、3-吡唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、吡嗪基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、2-苯基-4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、3-异噁唑基、4-异噁唑基、5-异噁唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、2-苯并咪唑基、5-吲哚基、1-异喹啉基、5-异喹啉基、2-喹喔啉基、5-喹喔啉基、3-喹啉基和6-喹啉基。上述任意一个芳基和杂芳基环系的取代基选自下文所述的可接受的取代基。
为简便起见,芳基在与其他术语联合使用时(例如芳氧基、芳硫基、芳烷基)包括如上定义的芳基和杂芳基环。因此,术语“芳烷基”意在包括芳基附着于烷基的那些原子团(例如苄基、苯乙基、吡啶基甲基等),包括其中碳原子(如亚甲基)已经被例如氧原子代替的那些烷基,例如苯氧基甲基、2-吡啶氧甲基3-(1-萘氧基)丙基等。
术语“离去基团”是指可以被另一种官能团或原子通过取代反应(例如亲和取代反应)所取代的官能团或原子。例如,代表性的离去基团包括三氟甲磺酸酯;氯、溴、碘;磺酸酯基,如甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯、对溴苯磺酸酯、对甲苯磺酸酯等;酰氧基,如乙酰氧基、三氟乙酰氧基等等。
术语“保护基”包括但不限于“氨基保护基”、“羟基保护基”或“巯基保护基”。术语“氨基保护基”是指适合用于阻止氨基氮位上副反应的保护基团。代表性的氨基保护基包括但不限于:甲酰基;酰基,例如链烷酰基(如乙酰基、三氯乙酰基或三氟乙酰基);烷氧基羰基,如叔丁氧基羰基(Boc);芳基甲氧羰基,如苄氧羰基(Cbz)和9-芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc);芳基甲基,如苄基(Bn)、三苯甲基(Tr)、1,1-二-(4'-甲氧基苯基)甲基;甲硅烷基,如三甲基甲硅烷基(TMS)和叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基(TBS)等等。术语“羟基保护基”是指适合用于阻止羟基副反应的保护基。代表性的羟基保护基包括但不限于:烷基,如甲基、乙基和叔丁基;酰基,例如链烷酰基(如乙酰基);芳基甲基,如苄基(Bn),对甲氧基苄基(PMB)、9-芴基甲基(Fm)和二苯基甲基(二苯甲基,DPM);甲硅烷基,如三甲基甲硅烷基(TMS)和叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基(TBS)等等。
本发明的化合物可以通过本领域技术人员所熟知的多种合成方法来制备,包括下面列举的具体实施方式、其与其他化学合成方法的结合所形成的实施方式以及本领域技术上人员所熟知的等同替换方式,优选的实施方式包括但不限于本发明的实施例。
本发明所使用的所有溶剂是市售的,无需进一步纯化即可使用。
本发明采用下述缩略词:化合物1为WO2016054971实施例51中的异构体2;Pen.为己酮可可碱;INT-747为6-乙基鹅去氧胆酸;aq代表水;HATU代表O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐;EDC代表N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐;m-CPBA代表3-氯过氧苯甲酸;eq代表当量、等量;CDI代表羰基二咪唑;DCM代表二氯甲烷;PE代表石油醚;DIAD代表偶氮二羧酸二异丙酯;DMF代表N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;DMSO代表二甲亚砜;EtOAc代表乙酸乙酯;EtOH代表乙醇;MeOH代表甲醇;CBz代表苄氧羰基,是一种胺保护基团;BOC代表叔丁基羰基,是一种胺保护基团;HOAc代表乙酸;NaCNBH
3代表氰基硼氢化钠;r.t.代表室温;O/N代表过夜;THF代表四氢呋喃;Boc
2O代表二-叔丁基二碳酸酯;TFA代表三氟乙酸;DIPEA代表二异丙基乙基胺;SOCl
2代表氯化亚砜;CS
2代表二硫化碳;TsOH代表对甲苯磺酸;NFSI代表N-氟-N-(苯磺酰基)苯磺酰胺;NCS代表1-氯吡咯烷-2,5-二酮;n-Bu
4NF代表氟化四丁基铵;i-PrOH代表2-丙醇;mp代表熔点;LDA代表二异丙基胺基锂;TMSCF
3代表三氟甲基三甲基硅烷;Ti(Oi-Pr)
4代表钛酸四异丙酯;MSCl代表甲烷磺酰氯;DMAP代表N,N-二甲基-4-氨基吡啶;TEA代表三乙胺;BnBr代表苄溴;DIEA代表二异丙基乙胺;BH
3DMS代表硼烷二甲硫醚;DMP代表戴斯马丁过碘烷;TBAF代表四丁基氟化胺;HOBT代表1-羟基苯并三唑;AIBN代表偶氮二异丁腈;NBS代表N-溴代丁二酰亚胺;RT缓冲液代表逆转录缓冲液;dNTP代表脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸;PBS代表磷酸盐缓冲液;LPS代表细菌脂多糖;TNF-α代表肿瘤坏死因子alpha;PBMC代表外周血单个核细胞;ELISA代表酶联免疫法。
图1:PBMC及全血(Whole blood)培养上清液内TNF-α水平,数据以均数±标准误差(Mean±SEM)表示;*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001,单向方差分析,新复极差法检验,与空白组(DMSO)相比;#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001,####p<0.0001,t检验,与LPS组相比;
图2:PBMC及全血培养检测化合物对TNF-α的抑制率分析;
图3:小鼠耳水肿模型耳朵厚度抑制率,与模型组作比较,***p<0.001,**p<0.01;
图4:小鼠耳水肿模型耳朵重量抑制率,与模型组作比较,***p<0.001,**p<0.01;
图5:各组小鼠体重变化率,***p<0.001,**p<0.01,*p<0.05;
图6:各组小鼠皮损评分,****p<0.0001,***p<0.001,**p<0.01,*p<0.05;
图7:各组小鼠髂下淋巴结重量变化,****p<0.0001,***p<0.001,**p<0.01,*p<0.05。
本方案发明内容中的所有化合物参照WO2016054971公开的制备方法制备所得。
实验例1:体外评价PDE4B磷酸二酯酶抑制活性
实验目的:通过荧光偏振法(BellBrook,Madison WI)检测反应产物AMP或者GMP,荧光示踪剂与AMP或者GMP竞争同抗体结合,导致荧光偏振值发生变化。计算待测化合物对PDE4B磷酸二酯酶的抑制活性(IC
50值)。
实验材料:10mM三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸缓冲液,pH 7.5,5mM氯化镁,0.01%聚氧乙烯月桂醚,1mM二硫苏糖醇和1%DMSO。
试剂:
AMP2/GMP2 assay kit:BellBrook Cat#3015-1K PDE1A:
SignalChem(Richmond,Canada)Cat#P89-30H PDE2A:
SignalChem Cat#P90-30G
PDE4B:SignalChem Cat#P92-31BG
IBMX:EMD Millipore(Billerica,MA)Cat#410957
Methoxyquinazoline:EMD Millipore Cat#475250
BRL-50481:R&D Systems(Minneapolis,MN)Cat#2237
Zaprinast:R&D Systems Cat#0947
己酮可可碱
所有试剂购于Sigma-Aldrich(St.Louis,MO).
反应浓度:
酶 | 试验中酶的量(pM) | 底物 | 试验中底物的量(uM) |
PDE4B | 40 | cAMP | 1 |
背景:没有酶只有其他所有组分
时间:室温条件1小时
转化率:5%~20%
样品的配制和稀释:
将化合物1或己酮可可碱加入DMSO制备成25mM的样品待用。转移25mM的待测样品6μL,加入到Echo shoot plate(LabCyte cat#LP-0200)DMSO溶液(6μL)中,制成2倍稀释样品。2倍连续稀释的化合物样品按如下操作直接加入反应没有其他任何中间稀释环节。
实验过程:
1.用新鲜制备的反应缓冲液配制所需酶溶液;
2.转移1.5X酶溶液加入反应孔;10μL/well;
3.运用Acoustic技术(Echo550;LabCyte Inc.Sunnyvale,CA)转移60nL待测化合物,加入到酶溶液中,缓慢混合后,在室温孵育20min;
4.制备并转移3X底物溶液,加入反应孔引发反应;5μL/well;
5.室温反应1小时,加入检测剂,5μL/well,在室温缓慢混合,孵化90min;
6.EnVision 2102读取荧光偏振的信号(Perkin Elmer,Waltham MA;Ex/Em=FP 620/S 688/P 688nm);
7.通过10μM浓度3倍稀释制得AMP和GMP的标准曲线,加入检测剂,信号检测方法如上所述;
8.荧光偏振强度通过AMP/GMP标准曲线换算成nM浓度,然后计算相对DMSO空白对照(无抑制剂)的酶抑制活性%,利用Prism软件包(GraphPad Software,San Diego California,USA)计算IC
50值和曲线。
实验结果:
表1 PDE4B磷酸二酯酶抑制活性测试结果
供试品(各实施例所制得的化合物) | PDE4B磷酸二酯酶抑制活性(IC 50) |
化合物1 | 16.6μM |
己酮可可碱 | 78.8μM |
结论:本发明化合物具有显著甚至意料不到的PDE4B蛋白酶抑制活性,且抑制活性明显高于己酮可可碱。
实验例2:体外评价化合物对LPS诱导的人PBMC和全血TNF-α分泌的影响
实验目的:检测化合物及己酮可可碱对细菌脂多糖LPS诱导的人血及人外周血单个核细胞分泌TNF-α的影响,用于评估其体外抗炎活性。
实验材料:
正常人全血,由上海药明康德新药开发有限公司人员捐献于2016年4月1日,30mL,肝素钠抗凝,已签署知情同意书;
肝素钠抗凝管,购于BD公司,货号:367878,批号:4314542;
RPMI 1640,购于Gibco公司,货号:224400-089,批号:1699742;
胎牛血清(FBS),购于Gibco公司,货号:10099-141,批号:1618863;
培养液为含有10%FBS的RPMI 1640;
LPS,购于Sigma公司,货号:L2630,批号114M4009U,储备溶液(1mg/mL),保存于-80℃冰箱;
地塞米松(Dexamethasone,Dex),购于J&K Chemical公司,货号:308890,批号:LMA0N14,储备溶液(500μM),储存于-20℃冰箱;
PBS,购于Corning公司,货号:21-031-CVR,批号:21031469R;
淋巴细胞分离液Lymphoprep,购于STEMCELL公司,货号:07851,批号:12HES21;
DMSO,购于Sigma公司,货号:D2650,批号:RNBD9495;
U底96孔板,购于Costar公司,货号:3799。
实验操作:
(1)PBMC分离
a)严格按照Lymphprep产品说明书提供的方法操作:使用含有2%FBS的PBS将全血等体积稀释,铺于淋巴细胞分离液上层,保持良好的界面,避免血液与淋巴细胞分离液的混合:
b)800g PBMC常温离心30分钟,离心机升速和降速均调至最低;
c)收取血浆层和淋巴细胞分离液层之间的云雾层,使用培养液洗2遍;
d)培养液重悬至10mL,Vi-CELL计数,调整细胞浓度至2.5x10
6/mL。
(2)待测及对照化合物配制
a)化合物储备液的配制:化合物1和己酮可可碱分别加入相应体积的DMSO,配制成100mM储备液;
b)化合物中间溶液的配制:化合物1和己酮可可碱储备液浓度为100mM,使用DMSO将化合物储备液分别稀释为30mM,10mM,3mM,1mM,300μM,100μM;
c)化合物工作液的配制:化合物1和己酮可可碱的储备液和中间溶液,包括100mM,30mM,10mM,3mM,1mM,300μM,100μM,分别250倍稀释于细胞培养液中,配制成浓度为400μM,120μM,40μM,12μM,4μM,1200nM,400nM,为培养终浓度的4倍。
(3)LPS工作液的配制
首先将LPS储备液(1mg/mL)使用PBS稀释1000倍,成为1μg/mL溶液;
a)用于PBMC刺激(4ng/mL):使用培养液将1ug/mL溶液250倍稀释,成为4ng/mL,为培养终浓度的4倍;
b)用于全血刺激(4ng/mL):使用培养液将1μg/mL溶液50倍稀释,成为20ng/mL,为培养终浓度的4倍。
(4)地塞米松(Dex)和vehicle工作液的配制
使用细胞培养液将地塞米松(Dex)500μM储备液1250倍稀释至400nM,作为Dex工作液,为培养终浓度的4倍。
(5)PBMC及全血培养
a)PBMC培养:
将待测化合物1、对照化合物己酮可可碱、地塞米松(Dex)工作液及vehicle(DMSO)工作液分别50μL/孔加入;
LPS(4nM)工作液50μL/孔加入;
PBMC悬液(2.5x10
6/mL),100μL/孔加入;
每个样本双复孔,各孔终体积为200μL,不足200μL的加入培养液补齐至200μL/孔。标明PBS的孔每孔加入PBS 200μL。
b)全血培养:
将待测化合物1、对照化合物己酮可可碱、地塞米松(Dex)工作液及vehicle(DMSO)工作液分别50μL/孔加入;
LPS(20nM)工作液50μL/孔加入;
血液,50μL/孔加入;无血清RPMI 1640 50μL/孔加入;
每个样本双复孔,各孔终体积为200μL,不足200μL的加入培养液补齐至200μL/孔。标明PBS的孔每孔加入PBS 200μL;
c)培养:
将培养板置于CO
2培养箱中,培养24小时。
(6)上清液收集及TNF-α水平检测
a)PBMC及全血培养24小时后,收取培养上清液,每孔收取约150μL上清液,收集至96孔板中,-80℃保存,用于ELISA检测;
b)ELISA检测之前,将上清液样本从-80℃冰箱内取出,室温解冻,解冻后3倍稀释,按照ELISA试剂盒说明书进行TNF-α水平的检测。
实验结果:
表2.TNF-a检测值(pg/ml)
表3.抑制率结果(%)
结论:如表2所示,地塞米松(Dex)100nM浓度时在LPS刺激的全血中对TNF-α的分泌有明显的抑制作用(抑制率98.3%),同等浓度下在PBMC中对TNF-α的分泌也有一定的抑制作用,但抑制效果低于全血(抑制率37.2%)。如表3、图1和图2所示,全血培养中,己酮可可碱在100μM浓度时对全血TNF-α的分泌有显著抑制(抑制率39.8%),具有显著性差异,而30μM及30μM以下浓度均未见到显著的抑制作用,化合物1在100μM和30μM浓度时抑制率分别为80.1%和48.4%,具有显著性差异,10μM及其以下浓度未见明显抑制。在PBMC培养中,己酮可可碱在100μM时对TNF-α分泌有显著抑制作用,抑制率为27.1%,具有显著性差异,30μM及其以下剂量均未见显著抑制作用,而化合物1在此体系中,100μM和30μM有明显抑制作用,抑制率分别为83.1%和68.1%,具有显著性差异,而10μM检测到27.7%的抑制率。由此可见,化合物1最低起效剂量低于己酮可可碱,并且在相同剂量下比己酮可可碱抑制TNF-α的效果更强。
实验例3 PMA诱导的小鼠耳水肿模型的药效学研究
实验目的:使用PMA刺激可诱导炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的释放以及增加血管通透性,造成小鼠耳部急性炎性水肿,采用小鼠模型评价受试药物的抗炎效果。
实验模型:PMA诱导的小鼠耳水肿模型
实验动物:CD-1雌性小鼠(成都达硕动物技术有限公司)
实验试剂:
1.丙酮(成都长联化工试剂有限公司);
2.无水乙醇(成都市科龙化工试剂厂);
3. 12-十四酸酯13-乙酸佛波醇酯(佛波酯,PMA,TPA)
4.Crisaborole(AN2728)(成都知普莱生物医药科技有限公司)
实验方法:
订购了20只CD-1雌性小鼠,其中3只备用。动物到达当天,按体重随机分组,每组5只。动物到达设施后,适应期为5天。适应期内,每天监测动物的健康状况。如发现任何异常或者感染情况,该小鼠则需要被剔除出试验组。
具体分组信息见下表,分组时间为动物造模开始前,选取状态正常老鼠开始分组造模给药,表4为正式给药开始后实验分组情况表。
表4实验分组情况表
使用PMA(20μL/只,0.25mg/mL溶于丙酮)涂抹刺激小鼠右耳正反面皮肤。各组在PMA刺激前30min以及刺激后30min在小鼠右耳正反面相同位置按表4进行涂抹方式处理(60μL/只,溶于丙酮:乙醇(=2:3))。在PMA刺激6小时后,然后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,使用打孔器(d=8mm)取小鼠左右耳相同部位组织,使用测微规测量小鼠左右耳厚度。
实验结果:
表5小鼠耳水肿抑制率表
结果显示,在局部使用PMA刺激诱导炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的释放以及增加血管通透性,造成小鼠耳部急性炎性水肿后,化合物1与AN2728皆可抑制炎性水肿,如图3和图4所示,在1mg/ear的剂量下,化合物1的小鼠耳水肿模型耳朵厚度抑制率以及重量抑制率都大于AN2728,说明化合物1的抑制效果显著优于AN2728,显示出化合物1具有良好的抗炎效果,以及潜在的治疗特应性皮炎效果。
实施例4 DNCB诱导的小鼠特应性皮炎模型中的药效学研究
实验目的:受试药物在DNCB诱导小鼠特应性皮炎模型中的药效学研究
实验模型:DNCB诱导雌性BALB/c小鼠特应性皮炎模型
实验动物:雌性BALB/c小鼠(北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司)
实验试剂:
1.化合物1(广东众生睿创科技生物有限公司)
2.丙酮(成都长联化工试剂有限公司)
3.橄榄油(成都市科隆化学品有限公司)
4. 1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯(DNCB)(Sigma-Aldrich)
5.Tacrolimus(MedChemExpress)
6.Crisaborole(AN2728)(成都知普莱生物医药科技有限公司)
实验方法:
动物分组:按体重随机分组,具体分组信息见下表,分组时间为动物造模开始前,选取状态正常老鼠开始分组造模给药,下表为正式给药开始后实验分组情况表。
表6实验分组情况表
AD小鼠造模:将50只BALB/c雌性小鼠根据体重随机分组,随机分为6组,正常组6只,其余每组8只。试验开始前2天剃光小鼠背部皮肤毛发,面积约为8cm
2,D1,D2,D3天采用200μL(0.5%)DNCB溶液涂抹于小鼠背部皮肤进行致敏,每天1次;从D14开始采用200μL(1%)DNCB溶液涂抹于小鼠背部皮肤进行激发,每周2次,持续涂抹4周。正常组采用同等体积溶媒(丙酮:橄榄油=3:1)进行处理。
AD小鼠给药:从D14开始采用200μL 1.5%AN2728或者0.5%、1.5%化合物1溶液涂抹小鼠背部皮肤,每天2次,持续给药4周,模型组采用同等体积溶媒(丙酮:橄榄油=3:1)处理。Tacrolimus组在第一周,第二周给予200μL,0.1%bid后,第三周,第四周剂量调整为200μL,0.5%bid。
解剖取材:最后一次200μL 1%DNCB溶液激发后48h后,AD小鼠眼眶采血,然后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,取其背部皮肤组织,10%中性福尔马林溶液固定。
小鼠皮肤组织炎症评分(EASI):每次致敏前观察皮肤状态评分并拍照,根据4种症状进行判断:干燥/脱屑,出血/红疹,溃烂/表皮脱落、水肿,每种症状按照0(无)、1(轻度)、2(中度)、3(重度)进行评分,最终评分为4个症状相加之和,皮肤组织炎症分值为0-12分。
髂下淋巴结大小和重量:解剖时取小鼠的髂下淋巴结大小和重量。
数据处理:各组动物实验数据采用均数±标准误(X±SD)描述。数据采用Kruskal–Wallis One-way单因素方差分析显著性。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。所有的统计分析,使用SPSS11软件完成。
实验结果:
1.临床观察和体重
如图5所示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠体重有轻微下降趋势,且在D25,D32,D35均有显著性差异,体重下降与DNCB造模刺激相关。与模型组相比,Tacrolimus组小鼠体重在给药前2周有下降趋势(D28显著降低),在给药第3,4周体重开始回升。其他给药组与模型组相比,体重变化无差异。
2.皮损评分(EASI)
如图6所示,每次DNCB致敏前对小鼠进行皮损评分。D14模型组小鼠(致敏阶段)30%的动物 皮损评分为1-3分,且较D7皮损程度有下降趋势,致敏阶段评分降低,与前期建模数据一致。D21(给药1周),与模型组相比,化合物1 1.5%组有显著下降趋势;D28(给药2周),与模型组相比,各给药组无显著性差异;D35(给药3周),与模型组相比,Tacrolimus组,AN2728 1.5%以及化合物1 0.5%/1.5%均有显著下降趋势。D41(给药4周),与模型组相比,Tacrolimus组,AN2728 1.5%以及化合物1高剂量组1.5%均有显著下降趋势。
3.脏器系数-髂下淋巴结
如图7所示,给药4周后,与正常组相比,模型组髂下淋巴结显著增大。与模型组相比,Tacrolimus组有下降趋势,但无统计学意义。与模型组相比,AN2728 1.5%以及化合物1 0.5%以及1.5%组均有显著下降趋势。具体见如下表。
表7各组动物髂下淋巴结重量和皮肤厚度(Mean±SD)
备注:One-way ANONA,compared to AD model*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
综上所述,在DNCB诱导小鼠特应性皮炎模型中的药效学研究中,化合物1,Tacrolimus与AN2728对于特应性皮炎均有改善作用,且在1.5%条件下,化合物1的皮损评分低于AN2728,说明化合物1的抑制特应性皮炎效果显著优于AN2728,显示出化合物1对DNCB诱导的小鼠特应性皮炎症状具有明显的改善的效果,以及潜在的治疗特应性皮炎效果。
Claims (11)
- 式(Ⅰ)所示化合物、其互变异构体或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗皮肤疾病药物中的应用,其中,L 11选自空、C(R)(R’);R、R’分别独立地选自H、卤素、OH、NH 2、CN、任选被取代的C 1~6烷基或杂烷基;任选地,R、R’可以与其相连的碳原子一起环化成3-6元环烷基、杂环烷基;A为不存在,或选自任选被取代的环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基;L 12选自任选被取代的C 1~6烷基或杂烷基;R 1选自任选被取代的C 1~6烷基、3-6元环烷基或杂烷基;“杂”代表N、O、S、C(=O)、S(=O)、S(=O) 2,每个基团上杂原子的数目选自1、2、3或4。
- 根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的化合物在制备治疗皮肤疾病药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述皮肤疾病选自特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、接触性皮炎、其他湿疹性皮炎、以及迟发超敏反应;植物性和日光性皮炎;脂溢性皮炎、疱疹样皮炎;扁平苔藓、硬化性苔藓、硬化萎缩苔藓、坏疽性脓皮病、皮肤结节病、血管性水肿、血管炎、中毒性红斑、皮肤嗜伊红细胞增多症、局限性脱发、男性型秃发、斯维特综合征、韦-克综合症、多发性红斑;感染性或非感染性蜂窝组织炎;脂膜炎;皮肤淋巴瘤、非黑素瘤皮肤癌或其他发育不良的病变;药物诱导性疾病,包括固定的药疹;优选地,所述皮肤疾病选自特应性皮炎。
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