CN116231262A - Waveguide microstrip directional coupler - Google Patents
Waveguide microstrip directional coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN116231262A CN116231262A CN202310240743.5A CN202310240743A CN116231262A CN 116231262 A CN116231262 A CN 116231262A CN 202310240743 A CN202310240743 A CN 202310240743A CN 116231262 A CN116231262 A CN 116231262A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The application discloses waveguide microstrip directional coupler, this coupler includes: the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip are vertically and orthogonally arranged, two first coupling slits and second coupling slits which penetrate through the rectangular waveguide are formed in the rectangular waveguide below the rectangular waveguide, the directions of the first coupling slits and the second coupling slits are parallel to the rectangular waveguide, the distance from the first coupling slits to the upper waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide is larger than the distance from the first coupling slits to the lower waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide, and the distance from the second coupling slits to the upper waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide is smaller than the distance from the second coupling slits to the lower waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide. The structure taking the rectangular waveguide as the main transmission line and the structure taking the microstrip line as the auxiliary transmission line can give consideration to the power and the size, and the coupling seam is adopted to realize the energy coupling of the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip line, so that the microstrip line has the advantages of large waveguide power capacity, good stability, small size, simple processing, convenience in integration with other passive and active microwave devices and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of directional couplers, in particular to a waveguide microstrip directional coupler.
Background
The directional coupler is a four-port passive microwave device, has wide application in the microwave and millimeter wave field, has various types, is mainly designed based on structures such as rectangular waveguide, circular waveguide and microstrip line, and is mainly used for achieving the purposes of power synthesis, distribution, monitoring and the like. With the development of various microwave devices and systems, the demands for directional couplers tend to be diversified, and the demands for structural dimensions and various technical indexes thereof are also more stringent. In a high-power microwave system, a small part of energy is coupled by a directional coupler, so that a detector can detect the energy, and the power value transmitted in the equipment is calculated according to the voltage value obtained by the detector and the coupling parameter of the coupler, thereby achieving the purpose of monitoring the power source in real time.
At present, the traditional directional couplers are various, most of the hybrid directional couplers are designed based on waveguides and microstrip lines, the main transmission line and the auxiliary transmission line of the waveguide directional coupler are both composed of waveguide structures, rectangular waveguides or coaxial lines can be generally classified as waveguide transmission lines, and directional coupling is realized by opening holes or gaps on the common wall of the two waveguides. The rectangular waveguide orientation combiner has the advantages of high power, high mechanical strength, good stability, mature design principle and the like, but has the disadvantages of large volume, heavy weight, lower directivity, equal ripple effect of a coupling degree curve. The microstrip line directional coupler has small volume, compact structure and convenient integration, but has small power capacity, so the microstrip line directional coupler can not be used under the condition of high power.
Therefore, how to make a directional coupler capable of reducing the size of the coupler while being suitable for high-power transmission signal detection becomes a problem that one skilled in the art has to consider.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a waveguide microstrip directional coupler, in order to overcome prior art defect, through the structure that uses rectangular waveguide as main transmission line, microstrip line is the structure of vice transmission line to adopt the coupling seam to realize the energy coupling of rectangular waveguide and microstrip line, can solve the shortcoming that to traditional waveguide directional coupler is bulky, microstrip line directional coupler power capacity is little.
The purpose of the application is realized through the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application proposes a waveguide microstrip directional coupler comprising: rectangular waveguide and microstrip, rectangular waveguide with the microstrip sets up orthogonally from top to bottom, is located the below offer two on the rectangular waveguide and run through the first coupling seam and the second coupling seam of rectangular waveguide, first coupling seam with the direction of second coupling seam is on a parallel with rectangular waveguide, first coupling seam to rectangular waveguide's last waveguide wall distance is greater than first coupling seam to rectangular waveguide's lower waveguide wall distance, second coupling seam to rectangular waveguide's last waveguide wall distance is less than second coupling seam to rectangular waveguide's lower waveguide wall distance.
In an alternative embodiment, the distance from the first coupling slot to the microstrip is equal to the distance from the second coupling slot to the microstrip.
In an alternative embodiment, the microstrip is composed of a metal conduction band, a dielectric layer, and a metal ground plane.
In an alternative embodiment, the length and width of the first coupling slot are equal to the length and width of the second coupling slot.
In an alternative embodiment, the width of the first coupling slit and the second coupling slit is 0.1mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the microstrip has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
In an alternative embodiment, the microstrip has a conduction band width of 0.76mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the rectangular waveguide has a broadside of 7.112mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is 3.556mm.
The main scheme and each further option of the application can be freely combined to form a plurality of schemes, which are all schemes that can be adopted and claimed by the application; and the selection(s) of non-conflicting choices and other choices may be freely combined. Numerous combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the present application, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The application discloses waveguide microstrip directional coupler, this coupler includes: the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip are vertically and orthogonally arranged, two first coupling slits and second coupling slits which penetrate through the rectangular waveguide are formed in the rectangular waveguide below the rectangular waveguide, the directions of the first coupling slits and the second coupling slits are parallel to the rectangular waveguide, the distance from the first coupling slits to the upper waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide is larger than the distance from the first coupling slits to the lower waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide, and the distance from the second coupling slits to the upper waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide is smaller than the distance from the second coupling slits to the lower waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide. The structure taking the rectangular waveguide as the main transmission line and the structure taking the microstrip line as the auxiliary transmission line can give consideration to the power and the size, and the coupling seam is adopted to realize the energy coupling of the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip line, so that the microstrip line has the advantages of large waveguide power capacity, good stability, small size, simple processing, convenience in integration with other passive and active microwave devices and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 shows a structural diagram of a waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a practical schematic diagram of a waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a simulation result of a waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure, when the following description of the embodiments is taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The present application may be embodied or carried out in other specific embodiments, and the details of the present application may be modified or changed from various points of view and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
In the prior art, the rectangular waveguide directional coupler has the defects of large volume, heavy weight, lower directivity and equal ripple effect of a coupling degree curve, and the microstrip line directional coupler has the defect of small power capacity, so that the rectangular waveguide directional coupler cannot be used under the condition of high power.
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a waveguide microstrip directional coupler, which adopts the principle based on heterogeneous transmission line power transmission, combines the characteristics of large power and small size of the rectangular waveguide directional coupler and adopts the rectangular waveguide to transmit high-power signals and the microstrip to transmit low-power coupling signals, and has the advantages of large waveguide power capacity, good stability, small microstrip line size, simple processing, convenience in integration with other passive and active microwave devices and the like. This will be described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application, where two transmission lines a and B are provided, corresponding to a rectangular waveguide and a microstrip, two coupling mechanisms correspond to two coupling slots, the transmission lines may be different types of lossless transmission lines, and the impedance of the transmission line a is Z a The impedance of the transmission line B is Z b The voltage and current conversion coefficient between two transmission lines is
The coupling waves of the two coupling mechanisms may be in-phase coupling or anti-phase coupling for the input voltage wave or current wave if the coupling waves, the transmission wave and the input wave have no phase delay.
Referring next to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application, where the coupler includes: the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip are vertically and orthogonally arranged, two first coupling slits and second coupling slits which penetrate through the rectangular waveguide are formed in the rectangular waveguide below the rectangular waveguide, the directions of the first coupling slits and the second coupling slits are parallel to the rectangular waveguide, the distance from the first coupling slits to the upper waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide is larger than the distance from the first coupling slits to the lower waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide, and the distance from the second coupling slits to the upper waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide is smaller than the distance from the second coupling slits to the lower waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide.
The waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide is used as a microstrip ground plane, a public electric wall can be provided for the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip, two coupling slots are arranged on the rectangular waveguide to realize electromagnetic coupling, the coupling slots can determine the phase shift alpha in the distance of the waveguide transmission direction, and the phase shift beta in the distance of the microstrip transmission direction, and the two coupling slots can be independently adjusted. The distance from the first coupling seam to the microstrip is equal to the distance from the second coupling seam to the microstrip, the length and the width of the first coupling seam are equal to those of the second coupling seam, the width can be 0.1mm, and the coupling coefficients can be guaranteed to be equal.
The coupling slot excites a transverse electric field in the slot by cutting off the transverse current of the waveguide, so that microstrip series electromotive force is generated to realize coupling with a microstrip transmission mode, and in addition, the position and longitudinal and transverse distances of the slot and the microstrip line are properly configured to meet the required phase condition, so that directional coupling is realized.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, if a voltage with an amplitude of 1 is input to port 1, output waves of ports 2, 3, and 4 are respectively b 2 、b 3 、b 4 ：
b 2 ＝(1-c 2 )e -j α，
Wherein the power coupling coefficient is c 2 (c is a positive real number), the phase shift of the waveguide transmission direction distance is alpha, the phase shift of the microstrip transmission direction distance is beta, and the conversion coefficient is
(impedance of transmission line A is Z a The impedance of the transmission line B is Z b )。
When the phase shifts α and β satisfy α=β±pi (in-phase coupling) or α=β (anti-phase coupling), b4=0, and the port 4 is an ideal isolation terminal, ideal directional coupling can be achieved. The maximum coupling-out of port 3 can be achieved when α+β=2pi (in-phase coupling) or α+β=pi (anti-phase coupling).
When the positive real number c is much smaller than 1, and α+β=2pi (in-phase coupling) or α+β=pi (anti-phase coupling), the output wave b of port 3 port 3 Approximately 0, in which case port 3 is an approximately isolated end, which enables approximately directional coupling, and port 4 maximum coupling output when α=β (in-phase coupling) or α=β±pi (reverse coupling), the above coupling conditions are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The waveguide microstrip directional coupler provided by the embodiment of the application can be used for transmitting high-power signals through the waveguide, and can be used for detecting forward or reverse transmission signals, and the forward coupling and the reverse coupling are both weak coupling, so that two directional coupling working modes can be realized.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein an air cavity generated by a microstrip is arranged at an upper portion of the waveguide microstrip directional coupler, an air cavity generated by a rectangular waveguide is arranged at a lower portion of the waveguide microstrip directional coupler, a waveguide microstrip directional coupler is arranged in the middle of the waveguide microstrip directional coupler, the microstrip is composed of a metal conduction band, a dielectric layer and a metal ground plane, and characteristic impedance of the microstrip is 50 ohms. The narrow waveguide wall is used as a microstrip ground plane, a longitudinal slot is formed in the narrow waveguide wall to realize signal coupling, and the structure can also take alpha=pi/2 and beta=3pi/2 to meet ideal directional coupling conditions of alpha+beta=2pi and alpha=beta-pi, so that the narrow waveguide edge size needs to be larger than 3/4 microstrip wavelength, and the narrow waveguide edge size needs to be larger than 3/4 microstrip wavelength.
With reference to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a simulation result of the waveguide microstrip directional coupler provided in the embodiment of the present application, where the waveguide microstrip directional coupler achieves a coupling degree of about-30 dB between 34 GHz and 36GHz, and a directivity of more than 24dB and up to 42dB at 35 GHz. The coupler has wider bandwidth, the directivity is larger than 10dB in 303 40GHz bandwidth, the coupling degree is about-27 to-31 dB, the return loss of the microstrip port is larger than 25dB, and the return loss of the waveguide port is larger than 42dB.
The parameters of the waveguide microstrip directional coupler are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
The design steps of the waveguide microstrip directional coupler are as follows:
firstly, determining main design indexes such as working frequency, coupling degree, directivity and the like;
and secondly, selecting a waveguide scale and a microstrip line substrate material specification, wherein the waveguide adopts a standard waveguide with a corresponding frequency band, and the microstrip line substrate is made of a common substrate material. ( The microstrip line width has a larger influence on the coupling degree, and the coupling degree is higher as the line width is larger. Therefore, the smaller the dielectric constant of the plate, the larger the thickness of the plate, the larger the microstrip line width of the same characteristic impedance, and the coupling degree is correspondingly increased. The characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is 50 ohms, and the line width can be determined correspondingly )
And thirdly, determining the width and the length of the gap, wherein the width of the gap is 0.1mm, the length is determined by the coupling degree, and the coupling degree is adjusted according to the simulation result as the length is larger. If the coupling degree is difficult to realize, the waveguide size or the microstrip substrate specification should be modified, and then the coupling gap length should be redetermined.
And step four, selecting an initial value of the longitudinal distance of the gap, and determining the transverse distance according to the phase requirement. And determining the initial value of the distance (transverse offset) between the central line of the slot and the central line of the waveguide wall according to the requirement of symmetrical configuration of the slot relative to the central line of the waveguide wall.
And fifthly, fixing the transverse offset of the gaps, adjusting the distance between the gaps, enabling the return loss of the waveguide port to be the largest at the design center frequency, and updating the distance value between the gaps.
And sixthly, fixing the distance between the gaps, adjusting the transverse offset of the gaps, maximizing the operating frequency band rate of the isolation end, and updating the transverse offset of the gaps.
And seventhly, repeating the fifth step, repeating the sixth step if the design requirement is not met, and determining each design parameter if the design requirement is met.
And seventh, if the design requirement is not met, adjusting the microstrip line width (or microstrip substrate specification) or the initial value of the slot length and the slot transverse offset to increase or reduce the coupling degree, and repeating the fifth, sixth and seventh steps until the design requirement is met.
The application discloses a waveguide microstrip directional coupler includes: the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip are vertically and orthogonally arranged, two first coupling slits and second coupling slits which penetrate through the rectangular waveguide are formed in the rectangular waveguide below the rectangular waveguide, the directions of the first coupling slits and the second coupling slits are parallel to the rectangular waveguide, the distance from the first coupling slits to the upper waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide is larger than the distance from the first coupling slits to the lower waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide, and the distance from the second coupling slits to the upper waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide is smaller than the distance from the second coupling slits to the lower waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide. The structure taking the rectangular waveguide as the main transmission line and the structure taking the microstrip line as the auxiliary transmission line can give consideration to the power and the size, and the coupling seam is adopted to realize the energy coupling of the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip line, so that the microstrip line has the advantages of large waveguide power capacity, good stability, small size, simple processing, convenience in integration with other passive and active microwave devices and the like.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting, but is intended to cover any and all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A waveguide microstrip directional coupler, comprising: rectangular waveguide and microstrip, rectangular waveguide with the microstrip sets up orthogonally from top to bottom, is located the below offer two on the rectangular waveguide and run through the first coupling seam and the second coupling seam of rectangular waveguide, first coupling seam with the direction of second coupling seam is on a parallel with rectangular waveguide, first coupling seam to rectangular waveguide's last waveguide wall distance is greater than first coupling seam to rectangular waveguide's lower waveguide wall distance, second coupling seam to rectangular waveguide's last waveguide wall distance is less than second coupling seam to rectangular waveguide's lower waveguide wall distance.
2. The waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein a distance from said first coupling slot to said microstrip is equal to a distance from said second coupling slot to said microstrip.
3. The waveguide microstrip directional coupler of claim 1 wherein said microstrip is comprised of a metallic conduction band, a dielectric layer, a metallic ground plane.
4. The waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein said first coupling slot has a length and width equal to a length and width of said second coupling slot.
5. The waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to claim 4, wherein said first coupling slot and said second coupling slot have a width of 0.1mm.
6. The waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to claim 4, wherein said first coupling slot and said second coupling slot have a length of 2.4mm.
7. The waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein said microstrip has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
8. The waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip has a conduction band width of 0.76mm.
9. The waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein the broadside of said rectangular waveguide is 7.112mm.
10. The waveguide microstrip directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein the narrow side of said rectangular waveguide is 3.556mm.
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| CN202310240743.5A CN116231262A (en) | 2023-03-14 | 2023-03-14 | Waveguide microstrip directional coupler |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050258917A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-24 | Xytrans, Inc. | Microstrip directional coupler |
| CN102780059A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2012-11-14 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Porous microstrip directional coupler on main microstrip side |
| CN109449551A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-08 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of K-band Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure tunable based on slot-coupled |
| CN112201917A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-01-08 | 四川斯艾普电子科技有限公司 | Coupling device for converting miniaturized waveguide into microstrip and implementation method |
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- 2023-03-14 CN CN202310240743.5A patent/CN116231262A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050258917A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-24 | Xytrans, Inc. | Microstrip directional coupler |
| CN102780059A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2012-11-14 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Porous microstrip directional coupler on main microstrip side |
| CN109449551A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-08 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of K-band Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure tunable based on slot-coupled |
| CN112201917A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-01-08 | 四川斯艾普电子科技有限公司 | Coupling device for converting miniaturized waveguide into microstrip and implementation method |
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