CN116239747A - Rapid curing polyurethane foam and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Rapid curing polyurethane foam and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116239747A CN116239747A CN202111490762.0A CN202111490762A CN116239747A CN 116239747 A CN116239747 A CN 116239747A CN 202111490762 A CN202111490762 A CN 202111490762A CN 116239747 A CN116239747 A CN 116239747A
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- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 alcohol amine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006757 chemical reactions by type Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical group C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PGYPOBZJRVSMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N loperamide hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)N(C)C)CCN(CC1)CCC1(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PGYPOBZJRVSMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100377706 Escherichia phage T5 A2.2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
- C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
- C08G18/4841—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units containing oxyethylene end groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4072—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/63 with other macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/63—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
- C08G18/632—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers onto polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2350/00—Acoustic or vibration damping material
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a quick-curing polyurethane foam and a preparation method and application thereof, which mainly solve the problems of slow curing, high VOC and large smell of the polyurethane foam in the prior art, and the quick-curing polyurethane foam is composed of a component A and a component B, wherein the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100:50 to 85 parts of component A comprises, by weight, 70 to 100 parts of polyether polyol, 0 to 30 parts of polymer polyol, 1 to 3 parts of cross-linking agent, 1.5 to 3.5 parts of non-volatile reaction catalyst, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of low-atomization silicone oil, 2.8 to 4.5 parts of water and 0.2 to 2.0 parts of pore-forming agent; the component B comprises 50-100 parts by weight of modified MDI and 0-50 parts by weight of polymeric MDI; wherein, the average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 6000-10000, the functionality is 3-6, the ratio of the average molecular weight to the functionality is 1600-2000, and the technical proposal of the preparation method thereof solves the problems well and can be used in the industrial production of the automotive interior.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of polyurethane, and particularly relates to a rapidly cured polyurethane foam and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The high-resilience polyurethane foam plastic belongs to one of polyurethane foam materials, has light and soft weight, higher rebound resilience and excellent shock absorption and buffer characteristics, and is widely applied to vehicles such as automobiles, high-speed rails, airplanes and the like at present. Automobile interior trim parts, such as automobile seat headrest, are indispensable important parts of automobiles, besides meeting the safety function, the requirements of people on appearance quality are higher and higher, the modeling design is diversified, the traditional cladding process can not meet the requirements, and the PIP (pour in place) process can meet the appearance quality requirements of complex modeling products.
The PIP process belongs to a closed mold casting process, and needs to be molded and then cast, so that on one hand, the foaming raw material needs to have a higher starting speed, and the gas in the headrest face sleeve is rapidly discharged to fill the whole headrest face sleeve; meanwhile, larger viscosity is needed to increase the curing speed, reduce the leakage probability of raw materials from the suture line and improve the primary qualification rate of the product; however, the faster reaction speed generally needs to increase the dosage of the amine catalyst, thereby not only increasing the cost of the product, but also bringing in amine micromolecule substances to influence the odor and VOC performance of the product; therefore, it is important to develop a polyurethane foam that has a low odor, low VOC, and simultaneously cures rapidly.
Chinese patent application CN113388084a discloses an environmental protection composition for PIP foam filling headrest, and preparation method and application thereof, raw materials include: and (3) a component A: 70-80 parts of polyether polyol, 20-30 parts of polymer polyol, 3-10 parts of polyether amine, 0.5-1.5 parts of water, 10-6 parts of foaming agent, 0.5-1.0 parts of catalyst, 2-4 parts of ethanolamine, 0.2-2 parts of cross-linking agent, 0.2-2 parts of surfactant, polyether polyol+polymer polyol+polyether amine=100, water+foaming agent/4=3.0-3.5, and component B: 45-65 parts of isocyanate, wherein the component A and the component B are 100:45-65; by adding amino-terminated polyether amine into a high-resilience molding formula system as a long-chain extender, the demolding time of the product is shortened to 70-90 seconds, but the process needs to use a physical foaming agent, so that the product has more amine substances, higher VOC and higher odor.
Chinese patent application CN111471142a discloses a modified polymer polyol and a polyurethane soft foam containing the same, wherein a base polyether is prepared by mixing a small molecular polyol with a functionality of 4-8 with glycerin as an initiator and propylene oxide as a polymerization monomer, and the base polyether is grafted with styrene and acrylonitrile to prepare the modified polymer polyol. The polymer polyol is added into the polyurethane soft foam, and reacts with toluene diisocyanate to prepare polyurethane common soft foam and slow rebound foam massive foam, so that the dosage of a catalyst in the polymerization reaction process is reduced, the odor released in the preparation process or the storage process of the polyurethane soft foam is also reduced, the VOC release amount is reduced, and the hardness of the polyurethane foam is improved to a certain extent; however, the catalyst is non-reactive A1 and A33, the smell and VOC of the foam product are unstable, and the foam product needs to be cured for 24-36 hours at normal temperature and is cured slowly.
VDA270-2018 is a common odor test standard, and the odor evaluation uses a 6-level evaluation standard: level 1 indicates no smell, level 2 indicates smell but no disturbance, level 3 indicates obvious smell but no disturbance, level 4 indicates a disturbed smell, level 5 indicates a strongly disturbed smell, and level 6 indicates intolerance; the number of the persons participating in the odor evaluation is 3-5, the evaluation result can be described in a half-level mode, the average value is taken as a final odor grade result, and the lower the grade is, the smaller the odor is.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is that polyurethane foam in the prior art is slow to cure, high in VOC and large in smell, and the invention provides a quick-curing polyurethane foam which has the advantages of quick curing, low in VOC and small in smell.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the quick-curing polyurethane foam corresponding to one of the technical problems.
The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of a rapidly curing polyurethane foam corresponding to one of the objects.
In order to solve one of the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a fast curing polyurethane foam consists of a component A and a component B, wherein the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 50-85 parts of a component A, wherein the component A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-100 parts of polyether polyol, 0-30 parts of polymer polyol, 1-3 parts of cross-linking agent, 1.5-3.5 parts of non-volatile reaction catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of low-atomization silicone oil, 2.8-4.5 parts of water and 0.2-2.0 parts of pore-forming agent; the component B is an MDI mixture and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of modified MDI and 0-50 parts of polymeric MDI; the polyether polyol is high-activity polyether polyol obtained by taking a small molecular polyol with the functionality of 3 and a small molecular polyol with the functionality of 4-8 as a mixed initiator, polymerizing propylene oxide and using ethylene oxide for end capping, wherein the average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 6000-10000, the functionality is 3-6, the ratio of the average molecular weight to the functionality is 1600-2000, the relative mass percentage of primary hydroxyl is 85-95%, and the mass content of propionaldehyde is less than or equal to 5ppm; the cross-linking agent is alcohol amine with the functionality of 2-3; the pore-forming agent is polyether polyol with the EO mass percent of 50-90%.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the isocyanate group content of the component B is 25-31% by mass.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the initiator of the polyether polyol is a mixture of at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane and at least one of pentaerythritol, xylitol, sorbitol or sucrose.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the crosslinking agent is at least one selected from diethanolamine or triethanolamine.
In the above solution, preferably, the non-volatile reaction type catalyst is at least one selected from Dabco NE300, dabco NE317, dabco NE1050, dabco NE1091 and Dabco NE 1550.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the low-atomization silicone oil is at least one selected from Niax L-3415, niax L-3628J and Niax L-3639.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the pore-forming agent is at least one selected from CHK-350A and CHK-350D.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing a rapidly curing polyurethane foam comprising the steps of:
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps of:
the component A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-100 parts of polyether polyol, 0-30 parts of polymer polyol, 1-3 parts of cross-linking agent, 1.5-3.5 parts of non-volatile reaction catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of low-atomization silicone oil, 2.8-4.5 parts of water and 0.2-2.0 parts of pore-forming agent; the polyether polyol is high-activity polyether polyol obtained by taking a small molecular polyol with the functionality of 3 and a small molecular polyol with the functionality of 4-8 as a mixed initiator, polymerizing propylene oxide and using ethylene oxide for end capping, wherein the average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 6000-10000, the functionality is 3-6, the ratio of the average molecular weight to the functionality is 1600-2000, the relative mass percentage of primary hydroxyl is 85-95%, and the mass content of propionaldehyde is less than or equal to 5ppm; the cross-linking agent is alcohol amine with the functionality of 2-3; the pore-forming agent is polyether polyol with the EO mass percent of 50-90%;
the component B is an MDI mixture and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of modified MDI and 0-50 parts of polymeric MDI;
the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 50-85;
(2) Preparation of component A
According to the components and parts by weight in the step (1), sequentially adding the weighed polyether polyol, polymer polyol, cross-linking agent, non-volatile reaction catalyst, low-atomization silicone oil, water and pore opening agent into a container A, stirring for 5-15 minutes at normal temperature, and fully mixing to obtain a component A;
(3) Preparation of component B
Adding modified MDI and polymeric MDI into a container B according to the components and parts by weight in the step (1), and stirring for 5-15 minutes to obtain a component B;
(4) And pouring the component A and the component B into a die with a headrest cover by a high-pressure or low-pressure foaming machine, opening the die for 60-90 seconds, and taking out the die to obtain the rapidly cured polyurethane foam product.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the isocyanate group content of the component B is 25-31% by mass; the initiator of the polyether polyol is a mixture of at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane and at least one of pentaerythritol, xylitol, sorbitol or sucrose; the cross-linking agent is at least one selected from diethanolamine or triethanolamine; the non-volatile reaction type catalyst is selected from at least one of Dabco NE300, dabco NE317, dabco NE1050, dabco NE1091 or Dabco NE 1550; the low-atomization silicone oil is selected from at least one of Niax L-3415, niax L-3628J or Niax L-3639; the pore opening agent is at least one of CHK-350A or CHK-350D.
In order to solve the third technical problem, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: rapidly curing polyurethane foams are used in industrial applications for automotive interior seat headrest.
The polyurethane foam is prepared by carrying out synergistic cooperation on polyether polyol, polymer polyol, a cross-linking agent, a non-volatile reaction type catalyst, low-atomization silicone oil, water and a pore opening agent and then reacting with mixed MDI (diphenyl methane diisocyanate), wherein the polyether polyol is used for screening out the preferential polyether polyol with a certain ratio of molecular weight to functionality through matching of high molecular weight and high functionality, so that the characteristics of high molecular weight and high functionality are reserved, the prepared polyurethane foam has the characteristics of high hardness, the curing time can be as short as 60 seconds, the advantage of quick curing is achieved, and the traditional technical cognition (namely, under the condition of the same functionality, the larger molecular weight is, the softer foam is and the lower hardness is) is broken through; in particular, it has been found that when the functionality of the polyether polyol is high, but the ratio of molecular weight to functionality is low, the curing of the polyurethane foam is significantly accelerated and the hardness is significantly increased, and then the amount of the polymer polyol can be reduced, the influence of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein and other aldehyde substances in the polymer polyol, and the influence of styrene, acrylonitrile and other residual monomers on the odor and VOC of the foam product can be reduced, so that the odor grade of the polyurethane foam can be as low as 2.5, and TVOC is as low as 1961 mu g/m 3 The pillow has the advantages of low odor and low VOC, and meanwhile, the pillow product is full in filling, no flash phenomenon exists at the suture line, and good technical effects are achieved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples.
TABLE 1 bill of materials
Wherein the mass content of propionaldehyde in the polyether polyol A1.1, A1.2, A1.3 and A1.4 is 4.1ppm, 3.6ppm, 1.9ppm and 2.5ppm in sequence, and the test standard is GB/T37196-2018.
[ example 1 ]
(1) Preparation of component A
Sequentially adding polyether polyol A1.1 into a container A in parts by weight: 80 parts of polymer polyol A2.2:20 parts of diethanolamine: 1 part, dabco NE300:0.4 parts, NE1091:2.7 parts, L3628J:0.8 part of water: 3.5 parts of CHK-350A:0.8 part of a component A is prepared by stirring for 10 minutes;
(2) Preparation of component B
Adding Suprasec 2412 in the container B according to parts by weight: 70 parts of Suprasec 5005:30 parts of a component B with the isocyanate group mass percent of 27.5% is obtained after stirring for 10 minutes;
(3) The weight portion ratio is 100:55 and the component A and the component B are poured into a die provided with a headrest cover through a high-pressure foaming machine, the reaction is carried out in a normal-temperature die without water bath heating, the die is not required to be heated, the die is opened for 60 seconds, and the quick-curing polyurethane foam is prepared, wherein the performance index data are shown in table 4.
Examples 2 to 8
Examples 2 to 8 were carried out according to the steps of example 1, except that the reaction raw materials, the raw material ratios, and the stirring times were different, and specifically shown in table 2; the performance index data of the obtained quick-curing polyurethane foam are shown in Table 4.
Table 2 weight parts of the raw materials for each component in examples 1 to 8
Comparative examples 1 to 3
Comparative examples 1 to 3 were conducted in the same manner as in example 1 except that the reaction raw materials, the raw material ratios, and the stirring times were different, and specifically, table 3 was shown; the performance index data of the polyurethane foam obtained are shown in Table 4.
Table 3 weight parts of the raw materials of the respective components in comparative examples 1 to 3
Table 4 data for testing the properties of the polyurethane foams of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As is clear from Table 4, in examples 1 to 8 of the present invention, the formulation of the high-activity polyether having a functionality of more than 3 and a ratio of molecular weight to functionality of 1600 to 2000 was adopted, and the mass percentage of primary hydroxyl groups was more than 85%, and the demolding time of the finally obtained polyurethane foam was 60 to 90 seconds, which was much shorter than that of comparative examples 1 to 3; TVOC content of 1961-3855 mu g/m 3 Far lower than comparative examples 1 to 3; odor grades 2.5 to 3.0, lower than comparative examples 1 to 3; compared with comparative examples 1 and 3, the catalyst dosage in the formula is reduced, but the demolding time of the polyurethane foam is still obviously shortened; example 2 has reduced amounts of polymer polyol in the formulation compared to comparative example 2, but the polyurethane foam article has comparable hardness and foamThere is a significant decrease in both the odor of the foam and TVOC.
Therefore, the polyurethane foam provided by the invention has the advantages of short demolding time, quick curing, low VOC and low odor, and can be used in industrial application of automobile interior seat headrest.
Claims (10)
1. A fast curing polyurethane foam consists of a component A and a component B, wherein the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 50-85 parts of a component A, wherein the component A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-100 parts of polyether polyol, 0-30 parts of polymer polyol, 1-3 parts of cross-linking agent, 1.5-3.5 parts of non-volatile reaction catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of low-atomization silicone oil, 2.8-4.5 parts of water and 0.2-2.0 parts of pore-forming agent; the component B is an MDI mixture and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of modified MDI and 0-50 parts of polymeric MDI; the polyether polyol is high-activity polyether polyol obtained by taking a small molecular polyol with the functionality of 3 and a small molecular polyol with the functionality of 4-8 as a mixed initiator, polymerizing propylene oxide and using ethylene oxide for end capping, wherein the average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 6000-10000, the functionality is 3-6, the ratio of the average molecular weight to the functionality is 1600-2000, the relative mass percentage of primary hydroxyl is 85-95%, and the mass content of propionaldehyde is less than or equal to 5ppm; the cross-linking agent is alcohol amine with the functionality of 2-3; the pore-forming agent is polyether polyol with the EO mass percent of 50-90%.
2. The rapid curing polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate group content of the component B is 25 to 31% by mass.
3. The rapid curing polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the initiator of the polyether polyol is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane and at least one of pentaerythritol, xylitol, sorbitol or sucrose.
4. The rapid curing polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of diethanolamine or triethanolamine.
5. The rapid curing polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the non-volatile reactive catalyst is selected from at least one of Dabco NE300, dabco NE317, dabco NE1050, dabco NE1091, or Dabco NE 1550.
6. The rapid curing urethane foam of claim 1, wherein the low-fogging silicone oil is at least one selected from the group consisting of Niax L-3415, niax L-3628J and Niax L-3639.
7. The rapid curing polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the cell opener is selected from at least one of CHK-350A or CHK-350D.
8. A process for preparing a quick-curing polyurethane foam as defined in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps of:
the component A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-100 parts of polyether polyol, 0-30 parts of polymer polyol, 1-3 parts of cross-linking agent, 1.5-3.5 parts of non-volatile reaction catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of low-atomization silicone oil, 2.8-4.5 parts of water and 0.2-2.0 parts of pore-forming agent; the polyether polyol is high-activity polyether polyol obtained by taking a small molecular polyol with the functionality of 3 and a small molecular polyol with the functionality of 4-8 as a mixed initiator, polymerizing propylene oxide and using ethylene oxide for end capping, wherein the average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 6000-10000, the functionality is 3-6, the ratio of the average molecular weight to the functionality is 1600-2000, the relative mass percentage of primary hydroxyl is 85-95%, and the mass content of propionaldehyde is less than or equal to 5ppm; the cross-linking agent is alcohol amine with the functionality of 2-3; the pore-forming agent is polyether polyol with the EO mass percent of 50-90%;
the component B is an MDI mixture and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of modified MDI and 0-50 parts of polymeric MDI;
the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 50-85;
(2) Preparation of component A
According to the components and parts by weight in the step (1), sequentially adding the weighed polyether polyol, polymer polyol, cross-linking agent, non-volatile reaction catalyst, low-atomization silicone oil, water and pore opening agent into a container A, stirring for 5-15 minutes at normal temperature, and fully mixing to obtain a component A;
(3) Preparation of component B
Adding modified MDI and polymeric MDI into a container B according to the components and parts by weight in the step (1), and stirring for 5-15 minutes to obtain a component B;
(4) And pouring the component A and the component B into a die with a headrest cover by a high-pressure or low-pressure foaming machine, opening the die for 60-90 seconds, and taking out the die to obtain the rapidly cured polyurethane foam product.
9. The method for preparing the quick-curing polyurethane foam according to claim 8, wherein the isocyanate group content of the component B is 25-31% by mass; the initiator of the polyether polyol is a mixture of at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane and at least one of pentaerythritol, xylitol, sorbitol or sucrose; the cross-linking agent is at least one selected from diethanolamine or triethanolamine; the non-volatile reaction type catalyst is selected from at least one of Dabco NE300, dabco NE317, dabco NE1050, dabco NE1091 or Dabco NE 1550; the low-atomization silicone oil is selected from at least one of Niax L-3415, niax L-3628J or Niax L-3639; the pore opening agent is at least one of CHK-350A or CHK-350D.
10. Use of the rapid curing polyurethane foam of claim 1 in an automotive interior seat headrest.
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