CN1162156C - 奥氮平与氟西汀在制备治疗精神病药物中的用途 - Google Patents
奥氮平与氟西汀在制备治疗精神病药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1162156C CN1162156C CNB971981132A CN97198113A CN1162156C CN 1162156 C CN1162156 C CN 1162156C CN B971981132 A CNB971981132 A CN B971981132A CN 97198113 A CN97198113 A CN 97198113A CN 1162156 C CN1162156 C CN 1162156C
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- fluoxetine
- olanzapine
- acid
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- disease
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Abstract
本发明提供了抗精神病的方法和组合物。
Description
本发明的技术领域属于药理学、医学和药物化学,并且提供了抗精神病的方法和组合物。
精神病是严重的精神性疾病,其特征为心理缺陷或与现实失去联系。精神病患者可能也会产生幻觉和妄想,这是他们所患的部分疾病。精神病给患者、他们的家庭、和整个社会带来了巨大的情感和经济负担。虽然关于这多种疾病状态的基本机理知道的很少,最近发现的疗法给精神病患者的治疗带来了新的希望。通过采用新的、非典型的抗精神病剂,在精神病的治疗方面已经取得了一些进展。这些非典型的抗精神病剂的副作用比传统的治疗剂要高很多,并且在使用这些非典型的抗精神病剂的患者中还发现了体重增加这一副作用。
这些新的治疗剂,虽然说是能不可估量地改善精神病人的病情,但是可能并不足以有效地治疗每一个精神病患者。既然精神病看来有复杂的病因,一些在患病期间有抑郁发作的精神分裂症患者,或也有精神病发作的抑郁症患者只使用一种非典型的抗精神病治疗剂可能不能缓解所有的疾病状态。
本发明提供了一种治疗患有或易患有精神病、急性躁狂、轻度焦虑症、或抑郁症和精神病的并发症的病人的方法,包括有效量的第一种组分和有效量的第二种组分对所说的患者联合给药,其中第一种组分是非典型的抗精神病剂,第二种组分是5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂。
本发明也提供了一种药物组合物,其中含有奥氮平的第一种组分,和氟西汀盐酸化物的第二种组分。
在本申请中,除非特别指明,所有描述的温度都是摄氏度,所有的量、量的比例和浓度都是以重量单位描述的。
化合物
从通常意义上讲,在本发明中,第一种组分是作为非典型的抗精神病剂的化合物。非典型的抗精神病剂的本质特征是,与典型的抗精神病剂例如氟哌啶醇相比,能治疗不太急性的锥体束外的症状,特别是张力障碍。氯氮平这个原型的、非典型的抗精神病剂与典型的抗精神病剂的不同在于:(1)在治疗患有对典型的抗精神病剂不应答的精神分裂症患者的所有的精神病症状方面有较好的功效;(2)对于解除精神分裂症的消极症状有较好的功效;(3)引起与治疗有关的血清中催乳素浓度增加的频率要小并且增加的量要少(Beasley等,神经精神药理学,(
Neuropsychopharmacology),14(2),111-123,(1996))。非典型的抗精神病剂包括、但不限于:
奥氮平,2-甲基-4-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-10H-噻吩并[2,3-b][1,5]苯并二氮杂,是一个已知的化合物,美国专利5,229,382公开了它能用于治疗精神分裂症、精神分裂型病症、急性躁狂、轻度焦虑和精神病。美国专利5,229,382的全文列入本发明的参考文献。
氯氮平,8-氯-11-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-5H-二苯并[b,e][1,4]二氮杂,记载于美国专利3,539,57 3中,此专利的全文列入本发明的参考文献。氯氮平在治疗精神分裂症方面的临床功效也公开过(Hanes等,精神药理学通报,(
Psychopharmacol.Bull),24,62(1988));
利培酮,3-[2-[4-(6-氟-1,2-苯并异恶唑-3-基)哌啶子基]乙基]-2-甲基-6,7,8,9-四氢-4H-吡啶并-[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮,和其在治疗精神病中的用途,记述于美国专利4,804,66 3中,此专利的全文列入本发明的参考文献。
舍吲哚,1-[2-[4-[5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚-3-基]-1-哌啶基]乙基]咪唑啉-2酮,记述于美国专利4,710,500中。此化合物在治疗精神分裂症中的用途记述于美国专利5,112,838和5,238,945中。美国专利4,710,500、5,112,838和5,238,945的全文列入本发明的参考文献。
Quetiapine,5-[2-(4-二苯并[b,f][1,4]硫氮杂-11-基-1-哌嗪基)乙氧基]乙醇,和证实了它可用于治疗精神分裂症的分析活性,记述于美国专利4,879,288中,此专利的全文列入本发明的参考文献。Quetiapine以其(E)-2-丁烯二酸盐(2∶1)作为典型的给药形式;和
Ziprasidone,5-[2-[4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮,以其盐酸盐一水合物作为典型的给药形式。在美国专利4,831,031和5,312,925中公开了这个化合物。证实其可用于治疗精神分裂症的分析活性公开在美国专利4,831,031中。美国专利4,831,031和5,312,925的全文列入本发明的参考文献。
同样地,当从最广义上考虑本发明时,第二种组分是起5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂作用的化合物。对化合物在这种用途方面的活性的测定是标准的药理学鉴定。Wong等,神经精神药理学,(
Neuropsychopharmacology),
8,337-344(1993)。许多化合物,包括上面详细描述过的化合物都具有这种活性,并且毫无疑问,将来会鉴定出更多的这类化合物。在本发明的实践中,在上述Wong描述的试验方案中意指有包括约1000nM或更小的表现出50%有效浓度的再摄取抑制剂的方案。5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂包括,但不限于:
氟西汀,N-甲基-3-(对三氟甲基苯氧基)-3-苯丙胺,以盐酸盐的形式和以其两种对映体的外消旋混合物的形式在市场上销售。美国专利4,314,081是此化合物早先的参考文献。在Robertson等,药物化学杂志(
J.Med.Chem.31),1412(1988)中描述了拆分氟西汀的R和S对映体的方法,并且表明它们抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的活性彼此相近。在本申请中,单词“氟西汀”被用来表示氟西汀的任何酸加成盐或游离碱,并且也包括外消旋混合物或R对映体或S对映体;
度洛西汀,N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺,通常以盐酸盐并且以(+)对映体的形式来给药。此化合物在美国专利4,956,388中被第一次公开,在此专利中表明它具有高的效能。在本申请中,单词“度洛西汀”被用来表示度洛西汀分子的任何酸加成盐或游离碱;
文拉法辛在文献中是已知的,并且其合成方法和作为5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂的活性在美国专利4,761,501中公开过。文拉法辛等同于那篇专利中的化合物A。
在美国专利4,478,836中公开了米那普仑(N,N-二乙基-2-氨甲基-1-苯基环丙烷羧酸酰胺),在实施例4中描述了此化合物的制备。此专利将它的化合物作为抗抑郁剂进行了描述。Moret等,精神药理学(
Psychopharmacol),24,1211-19(1985),描述了此化合物作为5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂的药理活性;
西酞普兰,1-[3-(二甲氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢-5-异苯并(isobenzo)呋喃腈,作为5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂记述于美国专利4,136,193中。其药理学特性被Christensen等,欧洲药理学杂志(
Eur.J.Pharmacol),
41,153(1977)所公开,并且Dufour等,国际临床精神药理学(
Int.Clin.Psychopharmacol),
2,225(1987),和Timmerman等,同上,239报道可能发现了其对于抑郁症的临床有效性;
氟伏沙明,5-甲氧基-1-[4-(三氟甲基)-苯基]-1-戊酮O-(2-氨基乙基)肟记述于美国专利4,085,225中。Claassen等,英国药理学杂志(
Brit.J.Pharmacol.),
60,505(1977);和De Wilde等,J.Affective Disord.
4,249(1982);和Benfield等,药物,(
Drugs)32,313(1986)已经发表了关于此药物的科学论文;
帕罗西汀,反-(-)-3-[(1,3-苯并二氧戊杂环戊烯-5-基氧)甲基]-4-(4-氟苯基)哌啶记载于美国专利3,912,743和4,007,196中。在Lassen,欧洲药理学杂志,(
Eur.J.Pharmacol.),
47,351(1978);Hassen等,英国临床药理学杂志(
Brit.J.Clin. Pharmacol),
19,705(1985);Laursen等,
Acta Psychiat.Scand.71,249(1985);和Battegay等,神经精神生物学Neuropsychobiology
13,31(1985)中报道了此药物的活性;和
舍曲林,(1S-顺)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-N-甲基-1-萘胺盐酸盐,是一种作为抗抑郁药市售的5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂。它在美国专利4,536,518中被公开。
所有上面提到过的与本发明所使用的化合物相关的美国专利都列入本发明的参考文献。
应该知道的是,虽然将单一的非典型的抗精神病剂作为第一种组分化合物使用是优选的,但是如果需要或希望的话,两种或更多种非典型的抗精神病剂可以联合使用。同样地,虽然将单一的5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂作为第二种组分化合物使用是优选的,但是如果需要或希望的话,两种或更多种5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂可以联合使用。
虽然第一种和第二种组分化合物的所有组合物都是有效和有价值的,如下的组合物是特别有效的并且是优选的:
奥氮平/氟西汀
奥氮平/文拉法辛
奥氮平/西酞普兰
奥氮平/氟伏沙明
奥氮平/帕罗西汀
奥氮平/舍曲林
奥氮平/米那普仑
奥氮平/度洛西汀
氯氮平/氟西汀
利培酮/氟西汀
舍吲哚/氟西汀
奎替阿平(quetiapine)/氟西汀
齐拉西酮(ziprasidone)/氟西汀
通常,使用奥氮平作为第一种组分的组合物和治疗方法是优选的。而且,使用氟西汀作为第二种组分的组合物和治疗方法是优选的。使用奥氮平作为第一种组分并且氟西汀作为第二种组分的组合物和治疗方法特别优选的。
特别优选的是当第一种组分是奥氮平时,它是FormII奥氮平晶形物II,其具有典型的用下面的晶面间距表示的X-射线粉末衍射图案:
d
10.2689
8.577
7.4721
7.125
6.1459
6.071
5.4849
5.2181
5.1251
4.9874
4.7665
4.7158
4.4787
4.3307
4.2294
4.141
3.9873
d
3.7206
3.5645
3.5366
3.3828
3.2516
3.134
3.0848
3.0638
3.0111
2.8739
2.8102
2.7217
2.6432
2.6007
下面是Form II的X-射线衍射图案的一个典型实例,其中d代表晶面间距,I/I1代表典型相对强度:
d I/I1
10.2689 100.00
8.577 7.96
7.4721 1.41
7.125 6.50
6.1459 3.12
6.071 5.12
5.4849 0.52
5.2181 6.86
5.1251 2.47
4.9874 7.41
4.7665 4.03
4.7158 6.80
4.4787 14.72
4.3307 1.48
4.2294 23.19
4.141 11.28
3.9873 9.01
3.7206 14.04
3.5645 2.27
3.5366 4.85
3.3828 3.47
3.2516 1.25
3.134 0.81
3.0848 0.45
3.0638 1.34
3.0111 3.51
2.8739 0.79
2.8102 1.47
2.7217 0.20
2.6432 1.26
2.6007 0.77
此处测定X-射线衍射图案使用的是Siemens D5000 X-射线粉末衍射仪,其具有铜Kα放射源,λ=1.541埃。
更进一步优选的是,Form II奥氮平多晶形物以非常纯的形式给药。
术语“非常纯”指在Form II中含有的Form I不到5%,优选不到2%,更优选不到1%。此外,“非常纯”的Form II含有的相关物质不到0.5%,其中“相关物质”指不希望要的化学杂质或残余的溶剂或水。特别地,“非常纯”的Form II中含有的乙腈应该少于0.05%,更优选少于0.005%。另外,本发明中的多晶形物中含有的结合水应该少于0.5%。
通过使用美国专利5,229,382,中公开的方法而得到的多晶形物将被指定为Form I,并且具有如下所示的典型的X-射线粉末衍射图案,这是使用Siemens D5000 X-射线粉末衍射仪测得的,其中d代表晶面间距: d
9.9463
8.5579
8.2445
6.8862
6.3787
6.2439
5.5895
d
5.3055
4.9815
4.8333
4.7255
4.6286
4.533
4.4624
4.2915
4.2346
4.0855
3.8254
3.7489
3.6983
3.5817
3.5064
3.3392
3.2806
3.2138
3.1118
3.0507
2.948
2.8172
2.7589
2.6597
2.6336
2.5956
下面是Form I的X-射线衍射图案的一个典型实例,其中d代表晶面间距,I/I1代表典型相对强度:
d I/I1
9.9463 100.00
8.5579 15.18
8.2445 1.96
6.8862 14.73
6.3787 4.25
6.2439 5.21
5.5895 1.10
5.3055 0.95
4.9815 6.14
4.8333 68.37
4.7255 21.88
4.6286 3.82
4.533 17.83
4.4624 5.02
4.2915 9.19
4.2346 18.88
4.0855 17.29
3.8254 6.49
3.7489 10.64
3.6983 14.65
3.5817 3.04
3.5064 9.23
3.3392 4.67
3.2806 1.96
3.2138 2.52
3.1118 4.81
3.0507 1.96
2.948 2.40
2.8172 2.89
2.7589 2.27
2.6597 1.86
2.6336 1.10
2.5956 1.73
此X-射线衍射图案是用波长λ=1.541A的铜Kα测得的。晶面间距在上面的数据中用“d”表示,单位是埃。典型相对强度在上面的数据中用“I/I1”表示。
虽然Form II是优选的,但是应该知道在本申请中,除非特别指明,术语“奥氮平”包括其所有的溶剂化物和多晶形物形式。
制备例1
工业级的奥氮平
在一个合适的三颈烧瓶中加入如下物质:
二甲亚砜(分析纯) :6体积
中间体1 :75g
N-甲基哌嗪(试剂级):6当量
中间体1能用本领域技术人员已知的方法制备。例如,美国专利5,229,382公开了中间体1的制备方法。
将氮气喷射线插入液面下以除去反应过程中形成的氨。将反应物加热到120℃并且在反应过程中一直维持此温度。反应后接着用高效液相色谱法进行处理,直到还剩下z5%未反应的中间体1为止。反应完全后,将混合物缓慢地冷却至20℃(约需2小时)。然后将反应混合物转移到一个合适的三颈园底烧瓶中并且将烧瓶放到水浴中。在搅拌状态下将10体积的试剂级甲醇加入到此溶液中,并且将反应物在20℃下搅拌30分钟。约用30分钟缓慢加入3体积水。将反应浆状物冷却到0-5℃并且搅拌30分钟。将产物过滤并且用冷的甲醇洗涤湿滤饼。该湿滤饼于45℃真空干燥过夜。该产物被鉴定为工业级奥氮平。
产率:76.7%,效价:98.1%
制备例2
Form II奥氮平多晶形物
将270g工业级的2-甲基-4-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-10H-噻吩并[2,3-b][1,5]苯并二氮杂样品悬浮到无水乙酸乙酯(2.7L)中。将混合物加热到76℃并且维持76℃30分钟。将混合物冷却至25℃。使用真空过滤分离得到的产物。对产物进行X-射线粉末衍射分析,鉴定其为Form II。
产量:197g。
上面描述的制备Form II的工艺过程提供了一种具有优越的药物产品,其效价≥97%,总的相关物质的含量<0.5%并且分离到的化合物的产率>73%。
本领域技术人员需要知道的是大多数或所有本发明使用的化合物是能成盐的,并且通常使用的是它们的可药用盐的形式,这是因为它们的盐比游离碱更容易结晶和纯化。在所有的实例中,本发明重点描述了上面所述的药物以盐的形式使用,并且经常是优选以盐的形式使用,所有化合物的药物可接受盐都包含在它们的名称中。
本发明使用的许多化合物是胺,并且因此能和许多无机酸和有机酸反应形成可药用的酸加成盐。既然本发明中的一些化合物的自由胺在室温下是典型的油状物,所以优选将这些自由胺转变成它们的可药用酸加成盐以便于操作和给药,因为后者在室温下通常是固体。通常用来形成这种酸加成盐的酸有无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、磷酸和类似的酸,和有机酸例如对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙二酸、对溴苯磺酸、碳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、乙酸以及类似的酸。因此这种可药用盐的实例是硫酸盐、焦硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、癸酸盐、辛酸盐、丙烯酸盐、甲酸盐、异丁酸盐、己酸盐、庚酸盐、丙炔酸盐、乙二酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、辛二酸盐、癸二酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、丁炔-1,4-二酸盐、己炔-1,6-二酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯苯甲酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、磺酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐、苯乙酸盐、苯丙酸盐、苯丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、β-羟丁酸盐、羟乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、丙磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐、偏桃酸盐以及类似的盐。优选的可药用盐是那些与盐酸、乙二酸或富马酸形成的盐。
给药
在最终分析中,本发明所用药物的剂量必须由负责具体病例的医生利用这些药物的知识、通过临床试验所确定的联合用药物的特性、和病人的特征(包括除了医生所要对病人治疗的疾病之外的病)来确定。下面将对给药剂量进行大体描述,并提供一些优选剂量。一些药物给药剂量的准则首先是应分别给出;为了建立一个针对任何想使用的组合物的剂量准则,应选择下面每一种组成药物的剂量准则。
奥氮平:约0.25-50mg,1次/天;优选1-30mg,1次/天;最优选1-25mg,1次/天;
氯氮平:约12.5-900mg/天;优选约150-450mg/天;
利培酮:约0.25-16mg/天;优选约2-8mg/天;
舍吲哚:约.0001-1.0mg/天;
Quetiapine:约1.0-40mg/天,每天给药一次或分成几次给药;
Ziprasidone:约5-500mg/天;优选约50-100mg/天;
氟西汀:约1-约80mg,1次/天;优选约10-约40mg,1次/天;对于食欲过盛和强迫症,优选约20-约80mg,1次/天;
度洛西汀:约1-约30mg,1次/天;优选约5-约20mg,1次/天;
文拉法辛:约10-约150mg,1-3次/天;优选约25-约125mg,3次/天;
米那普仑:约10-约100mg,1-2次/天;优选约25-约50mg,2次/天;
西酞普兰:约5-约50mg,1次/天;优选约10-约30mg,1次/天;
氟伏沙明:约20-约500mg,1次/天;优选约50-约300mg,1次/天;
帕罗西汀:约20-约50mg,1次/天;优选约20-约30mg,1次/天;
舍曲林:约20-约500mg,1次/天;优选约50-约200mg,1次/天;
更通俗地说,通过依据上面的给药剂量准则来选择一定剂量的第一种和第二种组分化合物,可以产生本发明的组合物。
本发明中的辅助疗法是将第一种组分和第二种组分以任何在相同时间能在体内提供有效水平的化合物的方式给药。所有使用的化合物都是口服的并且通常口服给药,因此这些辅助组合物优选口服给药。这些化合物可以以单一的剂量形式给药或分开给药。
然而,口服给药不是唯一的给药途径或甚至是唯一优选的给药途径。例如,对于吃药容易健忘或暴躁的病人,透皮给药可能是很可取的。有的药物可以通过一种途径给药,例如口服,其它药物在特定的情况下,可以通过透皮、经皮、静脉内、肌内、鼻内或直肠内途径给药。给药的途径可以以任何方式改变,受限于药物的物理性质和病人用药的方便性以及给药者的细心程度。
辅助的联合用药可以以单一的药物组合物给药,因此同时含有两种化合物的药物组合物是本发明的重要实施方式。这些组合物可以采用任何可药用的物理形态,但是口服有效的药物组合物是特别优选的。这些辅助的药物组合物含有有效量的每一种化合物,其中有效量与化合物的日给药剂量有关。每一辅助剂量单位可能含有所有化合物的日给药剂量,或可能含有日给药剂量的一部分,例如三分之一日给药剂量。或者每一剂量单位可能含有其中一个化合物的总的日给药剂量和其它化合物的部分日给药剂量。在这种情况下,病人每天将服用一个联合剂量单位和一个或更多个仅含其它化合物的剂量单位。每一剂量单位中含有的每种药物的量依赖于治疗所选择的药物的特性和其它因素例如正在进行辅助疗法所针对的适应症。
除了存在本发明的联合用药物以外,辅助药物组合物的非活性成份和配制方式是常用的。药物学中常用的配制方法可以在本发明中使用。组合物可以以所有的常规形式使用,包括片剂、咀嚼片、胶囊、溶液、非胃肠溶液、鼻内喷雾剂或粉剂、锭剂、栓剂、透皮贴剂和悬浮剂。通常,化合物在组合物中的总含量为约0.5%-约50%,其含量依赖于所需给药剂量和组合物所使用的形式。然而,最好将化合物的含量确定为有效量,也就是能向需要这种治疗的病人提供有效剂量的每一化合物的量。辅助联合用药的活性与组合物的性质无关,因此组合物可以单独地选择并且配制成方便而经济的形式。任何联合用药都可以配制成所需形式的组合物。本发明将提供不同的组合物,然后提供一些典型的配方。
胶囊是通过将化合物和合适的稀释剂混合并且将适当量的混合物装入胶囊中来制备的。常用的稀释剂包括非活性的粉末状物质例如各种淀粉,纤维素粉末特别是结晶纤维素和微晶纤维素,糖例如果糖、甘露糖醇和蔗糖,谷物粉和类似的可食用粉。
片剂通过直接压片、湿制粒法或干制粒法来制备。它们的配方中通常包括稀释剂、粘合剂、润滑剂和崩解剂以及活性化合物。典型的稀释剂包括,例如各种淀粉、乳糖、甘露糖醇、高岭土、磷酸钙或硫酸钙、无机盐例如氯化钠和糖粉。也可以使用纤维素衍生物粉末。典型的片剂粘合剂是例如淀粉、明胶和糖例如乳糖、果糖和葡萄糖以及类似物。天然或合成的树胶也是合适的,包括阿拉伯胶、藻酸酯、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷等。聚乙二醇、乙基纤维素和蜡也可以作为粘合剂。
在片剂中需要润滑剂以防止药片和压片冲头粘着在模子中。润滑剂选自光滑的固体例如滑石、硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸和氢化植物油。
片剂崩解剂是在变湿时能膨胀以使药片崩解并释放出活性化合物的物质。其包括淀粉、粘土、纤维素、藻胶和树胶。更具体地是,例如,玉米和土豆淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、木质纤维素、粉状天然海绵、阳离子交换树脂、藻酸、瓜尔胶、柑橘果浆和羧甲基纤维素以及十二烷基硫酸钠可以用作崩解剂。
为了保护活性组分不受胃中强酸物质的破坏,肠溶制剂是经常使用的。这种制剂是通过将固体剂型包裹上在酸性环境中不溶、在碱性环境中溶解的聚合物膜而制成的。包衣膜的实例有乙酸苯二甲酸纤维素、聚乙烯乙酸邻苯二甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、和乙酸琥珀酸羟丙基甲基纤维素。优选将度洛西汀和含有度洛西汀的联合用药制成肠溶组合物,更优选将其制成肠溶片。
一种优选的度洛西汀肠溶制剂是片剂,其中含有a)由度洛西汀和可药用赋形剂构成的核;b)可选择的分隔层;c)含有乙酸琥珀酸羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMCAS)和可药用赋形剂的肠溶层;d)可选择的外层。美国专利5,508,276公开了此肠溶制剂,此专利全文列入本发明的参考文献。
片剂经常用作为调味和密封剂的糖包衣。通过将大量口感很好的物质例如甘露糖醇加入到制剂中,可以把这些化合物制成咀嚼片剂,现在这是很成熟的方法。能立即溶解的类片剂制剂现在也经常使用以确保病人能消耗制剂并且免除了一些对于吞咽固体物质很困难的病人的痛苦。
当希望将联合用药以栓剂给药时,可以使用常用的基质。椰子油是一种常用的栓剂基质,可以通过加入蜡来稍微提高它的熔点。包括特别是不同分子量的聚乙二醇在内的水-可混合的栓剂基质也被广泛使用的。
最近透皮贴剂已经很常用。它们包括一种典型的树脂成份,药物将溶解或部分溶解在其中,树脂成份通过一种能保护这种成份的膜与皮肤接触。最近在此领域出现了很多专利。另外,更加复杂的贴剂组合物也在使用,特别是那些具有一层被无数个小孔穿透的膜、药物能通过渗透作用从孔中释放出的贴剂。
下面提供了药物科学家感兴趣的信息性典型配方是。
制剂1
使用如下组分制备硬明胶胶囊:
量
(mg/胶囊)
奥氮平 25mg
氟西汀,外消旋的,盐酸盐 20
淀粉,干燥的 150
硬脂酸镁
10
合计 210mg
制剂2
使用如下组分制备片剂:
量
(mg/胶囊)
奥氮平 10
氟西汀,外消旋的,盐酸盐 10
微晶纤维素 275
二氧化硅,雾化的 10
硬脂酸
5
合计 310mg
将各组分混合并且压制成片,每片重465mg。
制剂3
制备含有如下组分的气雾剂:
重量
利培酮 5mg
(+)-度洛西汀,盐酸盐 10
乙醇 25.75
推进剂22
(氯二氟甲烷)
60.00
合计 100.75mg
将活性化合物与乙醇混合并且将化合物加到部分推进剂22中,冷冻至-30℃,然后转移到填充装置中。将混合物以所需要的剂量灌入不锈钢容器中并且用剩余的推进剂稀释。将阀门装置安装到容器上。
制剂4
以如下组分制备每片含有80mg活性组分的片剂:
舍吲哚 60mg
(+)-度洛西汀,盐酸盐 20mg
淀粉 30mg
微晶纤维素 20mg
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮
(10%水溶液) 4mg
羧甲基淀粉钠 4.5mg
硬脂酸镁 0.5mg
滑石粉
1mg
合计 140mg
将活性组分、淀粉和纤维素过美国No.45目筛并且混合完全。把含有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的水溶液与得到的粉末混合,然后将混合物过美国No.14目筛。把生成的颗粒在50℃条件下干燥并且过美国No.18目筛。将羧甲基淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁和滑石粉先过美国No.60目筛,然后加入到颗粒中,混合后,在压片机上压片,每片重170mg。
制剂5
以如下组分制备每个胶囊含有130mg活性组分的胶囊:
奎替阿平 70mg
氟西汀,外消旋的,盐酸盐 30mg
淀粉 39mg
微晶纤维素 39mg
硬脂酸镁
2mg
合计 180mg
将活性组分、纤维素、淀粉和硬脂酸镁混合,过美国No.45目筛,然后以250mg的量装入硬明胶胶囊中。
制剂6
以如下组分制备每栓含有45mg活性组分的栓剂:
齐拉西酮 75mg
(+)-度洛西汀,盐酸盐 5mg
饱和脂肪酸甘油酯
2000mg
合计 2080mg
将活性组分过美国No.60目筛并且悬浮在饱和脂肪酸甘油酯中,饱和脂肪酸甘油酯是预先进行必需的最小程度的加热而熔解的。然后将混合物倒入容量为2g的栓剂制造模中再冷却。
制剂7
以如下组分制备每一悬浮液中含有70mg活性组分/5ml的悬浮液:
奥氮平 20mg
舍曲林 100mg
羧基纤维素钠 50mg
糖浆 1.25ml
苯甲酸溶液 0.10ml
矫味剂 适量
调色剂 适量
加入净化水至总量为 5ml
将活性组分过美国No.45目筛并且和羧基纤维素钠和糖浆混合以形成调匀的糊剂。把苯甲酸溶液、调味剂和调色剂用部分水稀释并且边加入边搅拌。然后再加入足够的水以将混合物调到所需体积。
制剂8
使用如下组分制备静脉内注射剂:
奥氮平 20mg
帕罗西汀 25mg
等渗盐水 1000ml
本发明的好处
本发明提供的优越性是能有效地用非典型抗精神病剂治疗精神病和轻度焦虑症而不伴有这类治疗常观察到的体重增加,给病人带来了显著的和意想不到的好处。本发明进一步提供的好处是潜在增加了作为第一种组分化合物给药效果的去甲肾上腺素浓度,这是通过将第二种组分化合物给药来实现的。
本发明特别适于治疗双相性精神障碍、躁狂(混合状态)、其特征为在发病期间发生抑郁发作的分裂情感性精神病、和具有精神病特征的抑郁症。这些病可能经常对抗仅用一种抗精神病剂的治疗。
本发明也可用于治疗经前期综合征(PMS)和神经性食欲缺乏。此外,本发明也可用于治疗与某些疾病有关的攻击性/暴力倾向。这些病包括,但不限于躁狂、分裂情感性精神病、物质滥用、头部伤害、和精神发育迟缓。
能使用本发明的辅助疗法来治疗的精神病包括精神分裂症、精神分裂症样病、急性躁狂、分裂情感性精神病、和具有精神病特征的抑郁症。所给出的这些适应症的名称表示多种疫病状态。下面的列表是对一些疾病状态的举例说明,其中有许多是在《精神病诊断和统计手册)》(第4版,美国精神病学协会(DMS)出版)中分了类的。下面提供这些疾病状态的DSM数字编码以方便读者。
妄想型精神分裂症 295.30
错乱型精神分裂症 295.10
紧张型精神分裂症 295.20
混合型精神分裂症 295.90
残余型精神分裂症 295.60
精神分裂症样型精神病 295.40
情感性分裂症 295.70
抑郁型情感性分裂症 296.24
具有精神病特征的重型抑郁症 296.34
精神病经常与其它疾病或适应症有关,或由其它适应症引起。例如,它们与神经性疾病、内分泌性疾病、代谢性疾病、体液或电解质失衡、肝或肾疾病、和与中枢神经系统有关的自身免疫性疾病。精神病也可能与使用或滥用某些物质有关。这些物质包括,但不限于可卡因、苯哌啶醋酸甲酯、dexmethasone、安非他明和相关物质、大麻、致幻剂、吸入剂、阿片、苯环利定、镇静剂、安眠药和抗焦虑药。精神病的发生也可能与某些物质的戒除有关。这些物质包括,但不限于镇静剂、安眠药和抗焦虑药。本发明的这些实施方式可用于治疗与任何这些适应症有关的精神病。
单胺的微渗析测定
将重270-300g的Sprague-Dawley大鼠(Harlan或CharlesRiver)在用水合氯醛/戊巴比妥麻醉的情况下用外科手术植入微渗析探针(170和36mg/kg i.p.在30%丙二醇、14%乙醇中)(Perry和Fuller,用氟西汀加L-5-羟基色氨酸给药后氟西汀对在大鼠丘脑下部的5-羟色胺和多巴胺浓度的影响,生命科学,(
Life Sci.),50,1683-90(1992))。使用一种David Kopf趋实体性仪器在丘脑下部单侧地(坐标为向嘴侧-1.5mm、侧面-1.3mm、腹侧-9.0mm)植入探针(Paxinos和Watson,1986)。48小时的复苏期过后,将大鼠放置于大的塑料碗中,塑料碗安装有液体旋转系统(使动物随意移动的CAM/120系统,生物分析系统,West Lafayette,IN)。将过滤过的人造脑脊髓液(CSF)(150mM NaCl,3.0mM Kcl,1.7mMCaCl2,和0.9mM MgCl2)以1.0ml/分的速率向探针中灌注。把一个带有20μl回路的十端口HPLC阀安装在渗析液输出线路上。在每一个30分钟给样周期结束时,将在回路中收集到的渗析液注射到一个分析柱中(Spherisorb 3μ ODS2,2×150mm,Keystone Scientific)。
使用的测定单胺的方法是如Perry和Fuller(1992)描述的方法。简明地说,分析收集在20μl回路中的渗析液是为了测定5-HT、NE和DA。将20μl注射液加载到有流动相的分析柱中,流动相能拆分NE、DA和5-HT:75mM乙酸钾、0.5mM乙二胺四乙酸、1.4mM辛磺酸钠和8%甲醇,pH4.9。胺分析柱所用的流动相用一个程序变流泵运送,在一个总流动时间为30分钟的周期内,起始流动速率是0.2ml/分,在第5分钟时增加到0.3ml/分,在第26分钟时又降到0.2ml/分。按排流动程序是为了在25分钟时间周期内洗脱掉5-HT。胺分析柱所用的电化学检测器(EG&G,Model 400)设置成电压为400mV,灵敏度为0.2nA/V。在给药前至少进行90分钟的基底水平测试。将药物预先溶解在过滤过的去离子水中(体积0.25-0.3ml),以所需的剂量给药。
Claims (12)
1.非典型的抗精神病剂奥氮平以及5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂氟西汀在制备用于治疗或预防精神病、急性躁狂、轻度焦虑症、或伴有精神病发作的抑郁症的药物中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中氟西汀是盐酸盐的形式。
3.根据权利要求1或2的用途,其中化合物是口服给药。
4.根据权利要求1的用途,所述药物用于精神分裂症。
5.根据权利要求1的用途,所述药物用于情感性分裂症。
6、奥氮平和氟西汀在制备用于治疗或预防既有狂躁又有抑郁发作的情感性精神病药物中的用途。
7.一种用于治疗或预防精神病、急性躁狂、轻度焦虑症、伴有精神病发作的抑郁症、精神分裂症、情感性分裂症或既有狂躁又有抑郁发作的情感性精神病的药物组合物,其中含有第一种组分是奥氮平,第二种组分是氟西汀。
8.权利要求7的药物组合物,含有1至25mg的奥氮平和1至80mg的氟西汀。
9.权利要求7的药物组合物,含有1至25mg的奥氮平和10至40mg的氟西汀。
10.权利要求7的药物组合物,含有1至25mg的奥氮平和20至80mg的氟西汀。
11.权利要求7-10中任意一项所述的药物组合物,其中,氟西汀是盐酸盐的形式。
12.根据权利要求6的用途,其中氟西汀是盐酸盐的形式。
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CN1494907A (zh) * | 1996-03-25 | 2004-05-12 | 治疗疼痛的药物组合物 | |
US5846928A (en) * | 1996-08-01 | 1998-12-08 | Pasken Products Co., Ltd. | Method for treating cancer patients |
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