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CN116182509A - Liquid air system with liquid air storage module and process - Google Patents

Liquid air system with liquid air storage module and process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116182509A
CN116182509A CN202310193054.3A CN202310193054A CN116182509A CN 116182509 A CN116182509 A CN 116182509A CN 202310193054 A CN202310193054 A CN 202310193054A CN 116182509 A CN116182509 A CN 116182509A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
air
liquid
pressure
nitrogen
oxygen
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Pending
Application number
CN202310193054.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨立博
李忠育
张鹏武
邓丹
方磊
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Xian Shaangu Power Co Ltd
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Xian Shaangu Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202310193054.3A priority Critical patent/CN116182509A/en
Publication of CN116182509A publication Critical patent/CN116182509A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04157—Afterstage cooling and so-called "pre-cooling" of the feed air upstream the air purification unit and main heat exchange line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
    • F25J3/04496—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04836—Variable air feed, i.e. "load" or product demand during specified periods, e.g. during periods with high respectively low power costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid air system with a liquid air storage module and a process, wherein the system comprises an air compression unit, an air separation and liquefaction storage unit and an air production and external supply unit; the air compression unit is used for boosting raw material air entering the system, and precooling and splitting the obtained high-temperature high-pressure air; the air separation and liquefaction storage unit cools and rectifies the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and high-purity gaseous and liquid products are obtained after separation and are stored; the air production and external supply unit stores and externally conveys the high-purity gaseous and liquid products obtained from the air separation and liquefaction storage unit. According to the invention, the air input quantity can be flexibly adjusted according to the peak-valley time period of electricity consumption, the self-adjusting liquid-air storage module can automatically store liquid air which is produced in a high-load operation period of the system, and the stored liquid air is fed into the air separation rectifying tower to participate in rectification when the system is operated under a low load, so that the high efficiency of the energy storage side and the stability of the supply side of the system are improved.

Description

Liquid air system with liquid air storage module and process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid air energy storage, and particularly relates to an economical liquid air energy storage system and process capable of changing operation conditions to perform self-adjustment during peak-to-valley period of electricity consumption.
Background
With the rapid development of human society, the demand of electric energy is increasing, traditional thermal power generation and hydroelectric power generation are faced with the problems of energy exhaustion, environmental destruction and the like, and the generated energy of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy and the like occupies the vast majority of the power generation capacity in the future. Although renewable energy sources can effectively solve environmental pollution, there are problems in the process of generating electricity by using the renewable energy sources, for example, wind energy and solar energy are intermittent energy sources, and the generated energy is not sustainable, so that it is difficult to ensure sustainable electricity generation.
The large-scale energy storage technology can meet the stability requirement of renewable energy power supply, effectively realize grid connection, promote the construction of a power transportation network and improve the peak regulation capacity of the power network. The liquid air energy storage technology is one of technologies which can be applied to large-scale energy storage at present, overcomes the resource dependence of pumped storage and the site selection limit of compressed air energy storage, and has the advantages of large storage scale, long service life and low production cost compared with battery energy storage.
The liquid air energy storage system comprises an energy storage process and an energy release process, wherein the energy storage process is to utilize redundant electric energy to drive an air compressor to compress air and then cool, liquefy and store the compressed air when electricity is used in a valley; the energy release process is that when the electricity consumption is high, the stored high-pressure liquid air enters the expansion system to do work after passing through the heat exchange of the cold accumulation system, and the generator is driven to generate electricity.
At present, the research on the liquid air energy storage technology is mainly focused on thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a system flow, system energy recovery and cascade utilization, combination with other circulation and the like, and is mostly on principle technical level, and the research on the optimization of the actual running cost of the system and an economic scheme is less. Conventional liquid air energy storage systems typically operate at a fixed workload and produce a fixed amount of air product, and are not capable of flexibly adjusting the system input according to peak-to-valley periods of electricity consumption, without considering the huge economic benefits of variable operating mode systems due to the utilization of electricity price differences.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a liquid air system with a liquid air storage module and a process thereof so as to improve the dynamic adjustment capability and economic benefit of the system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a liquid air system with a liquid air storage module comprises an air compression unit, an air separation and liquefaction storage unit and an air production and external supply unit;
the air compression unit comprises a multi-stage compressor unit, an air cooler and a flow divider which are sequentially connected, wherein the multi-stage compressor unit can send high-temperature and high-pressure air generated by compression into the air cooler for precooling and then is sent to the flow divider, and the flow divider divides the high-temperature and high-pressure air subjected to pressure boosting and precooling into two flows to enter the air separation and liquefaction storage unit;
the air separation and liquefaction storage unit comprises an air heat exchanger, a pressure regulating valve, an expander, an air separation rectifying tower, a liquid oxygen storage tank, a liquid nitrogen storage tank, an argon rectifying module and a self-regulating liquid air storage module, wherein the air separation rectifying tower comprises an upper tower, a lower tower and main cooling, and the self-regulating liquid air storage module comprises a liquid air storage tank and a liquid air pump; the two pipelines at the outlet of the flow divider are respectively connected with the hot inlet of the air heat exchanger, one outlet of the air heat exchanger is sequentially connected with the pressure regulating valve, the expansion machine and the upper tower of the air separation rectifying tower, the other outlet of the air heat exchanger is connected with the lower tower of the air separation rectifying tower, the lower tower is respectively connected with the inlets of the liquid oxygen storage tank, the liquid nitrogen storage tank and the liquid air storage tank, and the outlet of the liquid air storage tank is sequentially connected with the liquid air pump and the lower tower; the argon rectification module is connected with the middle lower part of the upper tower;
the air production and external supply unit comprises a gaseous product line and a liquid product line; the gaseous product line comprises: oxygen pressure module, oxygen spherical tank, air-vent valve group A, nitrogen pressure module, nitrogen spherical tank and air-vent valve group B, liquid product line includes: the device comprises a liquid oxygen pump, a liquid oxygen water bath type evaporator, a liquid nitrogen pump and a liquid nitrogen water bath type evaporator; the air separation rectifying tower is connected with an oxygen pressure module through a pipeline, and an outlet of the oxygen pressure module is respectively connected with a pressure regulating valve group A and an oxygen spherical tank; the air separation rectifying tower is also connected with a nitrogen pressure module through a pipeline, and the outlet of the nitrogen pressure module is respectively connected with a pressure regulating valve group B and a nitrogen spherical tank; the outlet of the liquid oxygen storage tank is sequentially connected with a liquid oxygen pump, a liquid oxygen water bath type evaporator and a pressure regulating valve group A, and the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is sequentially connected with a liquid nitrogen pump, a liquid nitrogen water bath type evaporator and a pressure regulating valve group B.
The invention also comprises the following technical characteristics:
specifically, the multistage compressor unit is a centrifugal compressor with three stages of compression and two stages of cooling, the last stage is not provided with a cooler, and air compressed by the last stage enters an air cooler for precooling.
Specifically, the multistage compressor unit can realize variable-working-condition operation in a working efficiency interval of 75% -105% through real-time adjustment, and variable-flow high-temperature and high-pressure air is obtained through changing the amount of raw material air entering the system.
Specifically, the diverter is a gas-phase separator with an automatic control valve, and can divide the high-temperature high-pressure air after pressure boosting and precooling into two flows according to a preset diversion ratio and then enters the air separation and liquefaction storage unit.
Specifically, the shunt is used for presetting shunt ratios of different levels according to the operation efficiency interval of the multi-stage compressor unit, and realizing dynamic adjustment of shunt quantity along with the change of compressed air quantity.
The operation process of the liquid air system with liquid air storage module includes the steps of first pumping the raw material air into the system through an air compression unit, and pre-cooling and splitting the obtained high-temperature high-pressure air; the multistage compressor unit can adjust the working efficiency interval in real time, so that the air compression amount is in a variable range, and the raw material air inlet amount can be dynamically adjusted in the peak-valley electricity period to obtain variable-flow high-pressure air;
cooling and rectifying the high-temperature and high-pressure gas split by the air compression unit through the air separation and liquefaction storage unit, and obtaining high-purity gaseous and liquid products through separation for storage; the self-adjusting liquid-air storage module can automatically store liquid air which is produced more during high-load operation of the system, and supplement the stored liquid air to the air separation rectifying tower to participate in rectification when the system runs under low load;
and finally, the air production and external supply unit stores the high-purity gaseous product obtained from the air separation and liquefaction storage unit in a gaseous product line, carries out pressure regulation according to external supply and demand, and then externally conveys the gaseous product, and evaporates the liquid product through the liquid product line to obtain the gaseous product which is sent into the gaseous product line.
Specifically, when the system is operated under different loads, the technological processes of the air compression unit and the air separation and liquefaction storage unit comprise:
the system operates under normal load, namely the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressor unit in the air compression unit reaches 90% in other periods except for peak and valley of electricity consumption, high-temperature and high-pressure air generated by compression is sent into an air cooler for precooling and then is sent to a flow divider, and the flow divider divides the high-temperature and high-pressure air subjected to pressure boosting and precooling into two flows to enter an air separation and liquefaction storage unit; in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit, high-purity liquid products obtained through rectification of an air separation rectifying tower are respectively stored in a liquid oxygen storage tank and a liquid nitrogen storage tank, crude argon fractions are conveyed to an argon rectifying module for purification, a liquid air valve of the self-regulating liquid air storage module is in a closed state, and the liquid air storage tank does not store the rectified products;
the system operates under high load, namely the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressor unit in the air compression unit reaches 105% in the electricity consumption valley period, meanwhile, the input of air raw materials is increased, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air with larger flow rate is obtained and then sent into the flow divider; the air compression unit generates excessive high-temperature high-pressure gas under the high-load operation condition, the excessive high-temperature high-pressure gas is shunted by a shunt and then enters the air separation and liquefaction storage unit, the high-purity liquid product generated after cooling and rectification is respectively stored in the liquid oxygen storage tank and the liquid nitrogen storage tank, the crude argon fraction is conveyed to the argon rectification module for purification, and the self-regulating liquid air storage module is used for storing redundant oxygen-enriched liquid air generated under the high-load operation of the system;
the system operates under low load, namely, in the electricity consumption peak period, the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressor unit in the air compression unit reaches 75 percent, meanwhile, the input of air raw materials is reduced, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air with smaller flow is obtained and then sent into the flow divider; a self-regulating liquid-air storage module in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit is started, and a liquid-air pump supplies liquid air in a liquid-air storage tank to an air separation rectifying tower for obtaining gaseous and liquid air products equivalent to those in the normal load operation period of the system.
Specifically, when the system operates under low load, the process flows of the air compression unit and the air separation and liquefaction storage unit specifically comprise:
the working efficiency of the multistage compressor unit reaches 75%, and the obtained high-temperature high-pressure gas is sent into an air cooler from the outlet of the last stage of compressor for pre-cooling; the precooled high-pressure gas directly enters a flow divider, and is divided into two flows according to a flow dividing ratio preset under low-load operation conditions and is sent to the air separation and liquefaction storage unit;
two high-temperature and high-pressure air separated by the flow divider enters from a hot inlet of the air heat exchanger and is cooled to obtain a low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous air and a low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous air-liquid mixture, and the low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous air enters an expansion machine through a pressure regulating valve to be expanded and cooled and then is used as a cold source to be sent to an upper tower in the air separation rectifying tower; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture is directly sent to a lower tower in the air separation rectifying tower;
when the lower tower in the air separation rectifying tower receives incoming flow from the air heat exchanger, a liquid-air pump in the self-regulating liquid-air storage module is started, and liquid air stored in a liquid-air storage tank is supplied to the air separation rectifying tower to participate in rectification, so that automatic regulation in a system is realized;
the high-purity liquid oxygen obtained by rectification is conveyed from a lower tower to a liquid oxygen storage tank for storage; high-purity liquid nitrogen obtained through rectification is conveyed from a lower tower to a liquid nitrogen storage tank for storage; and (3) extracting a crude argon flow fraction from the middle lower part of the upper tower of the air separation rectifying tower, and conveying the crude argon flow fraction to an argon rectifying module for purification to obtain an argon product.
Specifically, the gaseous product line process flow of the air production and external supply unit is as follows:
the high-purity oxygen obtained after rectification in the air separation rectifying tower is sent to an oxygen pressure module through a pipeline, oxygen after primary pressure regulation is directly sent to a pressure regulating valve group A for external supply after the pressure is regulated to the required pressure, the other part of the oxygen is stored in an oxygen spherical tank, and the oxygen is sent to the pressure regulating valve group A for pressure regulation and then sent out when the external supply and demand are increased;
and (3) feeding the high-purity nitrogen obtained by separation after rectification in the air separation rectifying tower into a nitrogen pressure module through a pipeline, and directly feeding part of the nitrogen into a pressure regulating valve group B to regulate the required pressure and then externally supplying the nitrogen, storing the other part of the nitrogen in a nitrogen spherical tank, and feeding the nitrogen into the pressure regulating valve group B to regulate the pressure and then discharging the nitrogen when the external supply and the demand are increased.
Specifically, the liquid product line process flow of the air production and external supply unit is as follows:
when the stored gaseous products can not meet the external supply demand, the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen products stored in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit are respectively pressurized and fed into the liquid oxygen water bath evaporator and the liquid nitrogen water bath evaporator through the liquid oxygen pump and the liquid nitrogen pump to be evaporated to obtain gaseous oxygen and nitrogen, and the gaseous oxygen and nitrogen are directly fed into the pressure regulating valve group A and the pressure regulating valve group B, and are subjected to external supply power generation after the pressure is regulated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the liquid air system with the liquid air storage module, the adjustable working interval is set for the air compression unit, so that the air compression amount is in a variable range, the raw material air inlet amount can be dynamically adjusted in the peak-to-valley electricity period, the variable flow high-pressure air is obtained, and the fixed-working condition and fixed-yield operation mode of the traditional liquid air energy storage system is changed; the working efficiency of the compression system is reduced in the electricity consumption peak period, the overall operation cost of the system is effectively saved, and the consumption reduction and the production reduction are ensured by calling the multi-production liquid space in the valley electricity period.
According to the liquid air system with the liquid air storage module, the self-adjusting liquid air storage module is arranged, so that the liquid air produced in the high-load operation period of the system can be automatically stored, and the stored liquid air is rapidly supplied to the air separation rectifying tower to participate in rectification when the system is operated under low load, so that flexible adjustment of air products is realized, and the high efficiency of the energy storage side and the stability of the supply side of the system are improved.
The liquid air system with the liquid air storage module provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure of the newly-added self-adjusting liquid air storage module is simple, the transformation cost is lower, the economic benefit realized by using the peak-valley electricity price difference can be obtained for a long time after reaching the recovery period, the liquid air system is suitable for a newly-built liquid air energy storage system, the original system can be transformed by using the scheme, and the energy storage efficiency and the economical efficiency of the original system are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
The meaning of each reference numeral in the figures is:
1. an air compression unit, an air separation and liquefaction storage unit, and an air production and external supply unit; 11. a multi-stage compressor unit, 12, an air cooler, 13, a splitter; 21. air heat exchanger 22, pressure regulating valve 23, expander 24, air separation rectifying tower 25, liquid oxygen storage tank 26, liquid nitrogen storage tank 27, argon rectifying module 28, self-regulating liquid air storage module 281, liquid air storage tank 282 and liquid air pump; 30. the device comprises an oxygen pressure module, an oxygen spherical tank, a pressure regulating valve group A, a nitrogen pressure module, a nitrogen spherical tank, a pressure regulating valve group 34, a pressure regulating valve group B, a liquid oxygen pump, a liquid oxygen water bath type evaporator, a liquid nitrogen pump and a liquid nitrogen water bath type evaporator.
Detailed Description
The system dynamically adjusts the output of liquid air by changing the operation load of the system in the peak and valley period of electricity consumption, and meets the peak regulation requirement of a power grid at the energy release end while realizing economical energy storage. The system is provided with a liquid-air storage module with replenishing capability, and the dynamic adjustment of liquid-air output is realized by changing the operation load of the air compression unit, so that a gas compression, liquid-air storage and product external supply self-adjusting system capable of changing load operation is formed. During low-cost valley electricity, the system operates under high load, gas resources except the original space division capacity are compressed and liquefied, and the gas resources are stored in a newly added liquid-air storage module; during peak electricity, the system reduces the power consumption of air compression, and the redundant liquid air produced by using low-valley electricity is self-adaptively supplied to the air separation unit in the period, so that the self-adjustment balance of the system is achieved. The system realizes economic transformation of the liquid air energy storage mode by using the peak-valley electricity price difference, reduces the electric energy consumption of the liquid air energy storage system in the peak electricity period, realizes flexible peak regulation by using valley electricity to produce more liquid air, ensures the power supply stability, reduces the operation cost of the air separation system and brings great economic benefit. The system is not only suitable for newly-built liquid air energy storage projects, but also can be used for upgrading and reforming existing projects.
The following specific embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a liquid air system with a liquid air storage module, which includes an air compression unit 1, an air separation and liquefaction storage unit 2, and an air production and external supply unit 3;
the air compression unit 1 is used for boosting raw material air entering the system, pre-cooling and splitting the obtained high-temperature high-pressure air, and comprises a multi-stage compressor unit 11, an air cooler 12 and a splitter 13 which are sequentially connected, wherein the multi-stage compressor unit 11 can send high-temperature high-pressure air generated by compression into the air cooler 12 for pre-cooling and then convey the high-temperature high-pressure air to the splitter 13, and the splitter 13 divides the boosted and pre-cooled high-temperature high-pressure air into two flows which enter the air separation and liquefaction storage unit 2;
the air separation and liquefaction storage unit 2 is used for cooling and rectifying high-temperature and high-pressure air, and is used for storing gaseous and liquid products with high purity after separation, and comprises an air heat exchanger 21, a pressure regulating valve 22, an expander 23, an air separation rectifying tower 24, a liquid oxygen storage tank 25, a liquid nitrogen storage tank 26, an argon rectifying module 27 and a self-regulating liquid air storage module 28, wherein the air separation rectifying tower 24 comprises an upper tower, a lower tower and a main cooling, the argon rectifying module 27 comprises a crude argon tower, a refined argon tower and an argon product storage tank, and the self-regulating liquid air storage module 28 comprises a liquid air storage tank 281 and a liquid air pump 282; the two pipelines at the outlet of the flow divider 13 are respectively connected with the hot inlet of the air heat exchanger 21, one outlet of the air heat exchanger 21 is sequentially connected with the pressure regulating valve 22, the expansion machine 23 and the upper tower of the air separation rectifying tower 24, the other outlet of the air heat exchanger 21 is connected with the lower tower of the air separation rectifying tower 24, the lower tower is respectively connected with the inlets of the liquid oxygen storage tank 25, the liquid nitrogen storage tank 26 and the liquid air storage tank 281, and the outlet of the liquid air storage tank 281 is sequentially connected with the liquid air pump 282 and the lower tower; the argon rectification module 27 is connected with the middle lower part of the upper tower; two strands of hot air separated from the flow divider enters from a hot inlet of the air heat exchanger and is cooled, the air is divided into two strands after reaching a preset temperature, one strand of the air is high-temperature high-pressure gaseous air, and the air enters an expansion machine through a pressure regulating valve to be expanded and cooled and then is used as a cold source to be sent into an upper tower in the air separation rectifying tower for the next process; the other is a low-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture which is directly sent to a lower tower in the air separation rectifying tower for the next process. The high-purity liquid oxygen obtained by rectification is conveyed from a lower tower to a liquid oxygen storage tank for storage; high-purity liquid nitrogen obtained through rectification is conveyed from a lower tower to a liquid nitrogen storage tank for storage; and (3) extracting a crude argon fraction from the middle lower part of the upper tower of the air separation rectifying tower, and conveying the crude argon fraction to an argon rectifying module for purification to obtain an argon product. In this embodiment, under high load operation, the air separation rectifying tower distills out the excessive oxygen-enriched liquid air and conveys the air-enriched liquid air from the lower tower to the liquid air storage tank for storage.
The air production and external supply unit 3 is used for storing the high-purity gaseous product obtained from the air separation and liquefaction storage unit in a gaseous product line, regulating the pressure according to external supply requirements, then conveying the high-purity gaseous product to the outside, and conveying the gaseous product obtained after evaporating the liquid product through a liquid product line into the gaseous product line, wherein the gaseous product line comprises a gaseous product line and a liquid product line.
The gaseous product line is used for storing the high-purity gaseous product obtained through separation, and externally supplies power after pressure regulation according to requirements, and comprises the following components: an oxygen pressure module 30, an oxygen spherical tank 31, a pressure regulating valve group A32, a nitrogen pressure module 33, a nitrogen spherical tank 34 and a pressure regulating valve group B35. The air separation rectifying tower 24 is connected with an oxygen pressure module 30 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the oxygen pressure module 30 is respectively connected with a pressure regulating valve group A32 and an oxygen spherical tank 31. The air separation rectifying tower 24 is also connected with a nitrogen pressure module 33 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the nitrogen pressure module 33 is respectively connected with a pressure regulating valve group B35 and a nitrogen spherical tank 34.
The liquid product line is used for converting the liquid product of storing into gaseous product, supplies to gaseous product line, supplies the electricity generation outward after the pressure regulating according to the demand, includes: a liquid oxygen pump 36, a liquid oxygen water bath evaporator 37, a liquid nitrogen pump 38 and a liquid nitrogen water bath evaporator 39; the outlet of the liquid oxygen storage tank 25 is sequentially connected with a liquid oxygen pump 36, a liquid oxygen water bath type evaporator 37 and a pressure regulating valve group A32, and the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 26 is sequentially connected with a liquid nitrogen pump 38, a liquid nitrogen water bath type evaporator 39 and a pressure regulating valve group B35.
In the gaseous product line, high-purity oxygen obtained by separation after rectification in an air separation rectifying tower is sent to an oxygen pressure module through a pipeline, oxygen subjected to primary pressure regulation is partially directly sent to a pressure regulating valve group A and is externally supplied after being regulated to the required pressure, and the other part of the oxygen is stored in an oxygen spherical tank, and when the external supply and the demand are increased, the oxygen is sent to the pressure regulating valve group A and is sent out after being regulated; and (3) feeding the high-purity nitrogen obtained by separation after rectification in the air separation rectifying tower into a nitrogen pressure module through a pipeline, and directly feeding part of the nitrogen into a pressure regulating valve group B to regulate the required pressure and then externally supplying the nitrogen, storing the other part of the nitrogen in a nitrogen spherical tank, and feeding the nitrogen into the pressure regulating valve group B to regulate the pressure and then discharging the nitrogen when the external supply and the demand are increased.
In the liquid product line, when the stored gaseous product can not meet the external supply demand, the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen products stored in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit are respectively pressurized and sent into the liquid oxygen water bath type evaporator and the liquid nitrogen water bath type evaporator through the liquid oxygen pump and the liquid nitrogen pump to be evaporated to obtain gaseous oxygen and nitrogen, and the gaseous oxygen and nitrogen are directly sent into the pressure regulating valve group A and the pressure regulating valve group B to be externally supplied for power generation after the pressure is regulated.
In this embodiment, the multi-stage compressor unit 11 is a centrifugal compressor with three stages of compression and two stages of cooling, and the last stage is not provided with a cooler, and air compressed in the last stage enters the air cooler 12 for precooling.
The multistage compressor unit 11 can realize variable working condition operation in a working efficiency range of 75% -105% through real-time adjustment, and variable flow high-temperature and high-pressure air is obtained through changing the amount of raw material air entering the system.
The diverter 13 is a gas-phase separator with an automatic control valve, and can divide the high-temperature and high-pressure air after pressure boosting and precooling into two paths of air separation and liquefaction storage units 2 according to a preset diversion ratio under high-load operation conditions; the splitter 13 presets splitting ratios of different levels according to the operation efficiency interval of the multi-stage compressor unit 11, and realizes dynamic adjustment of splitting amount along with the change of compressed air quantity.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides an operation process of a liquid air system with a liquid air storage module, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, raw material air entering a system is pressurized by an air compression unit, and the obtained high-temperature high-pressure air is precooled and split; the multistage compressor unit can adjust the working efficiency interval in real time, so that the air compression amount is in a variable range, and the raw material air inlet amount can be dynamically adjusted in the peak-valley electricity period to obtain variable-flow high-pressure air;
cooling and rectifying the high-temperature and high-pressure gas split by the air compression unit through the air separation and liquefaction storage unit, and obtaining high-purity gaseous and liquid products through separation for storage; the self-adjusting liquid-air storage module can automatically store liquid air which is produced more during high-load operation of the system, and supplement the stored liquid air to the air separation rectifying tower to participate in rectification when the system is operated under low load, so that the same amount of gaseous and liquid products are produced for storage and external supply during normal load operation of the system;
and finally, the air production and external supply unit stores the high-purity gaseous product obtained from the air separation and liquefaction storage unit in a gaseous product line, carries out pressure regulation according to external supply and demand, and then externally conveys the gaseous product, and evaporates the liquid product through the liquid product line to obtain the gaseous product which is sent into the gaseous product line.
Specifically, when the system is operated under different loads, the technological processes of the air compression unit and the air separation and liquefaction storage unit comprise:
(a) The system operates under normal load, namely the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressor unit in the air compression unit reaches 90% in other periods except for peak and valley of electricity consumption, high-temperature and high-pressure air generated by compression is sent into an air cooler for precooling and then is sent to a flow divider, and the flow divider divides the high-temperature and high-pressure air subjected to pressure boosting and precooling into two flows to enter an air separation and liquefaction storage unit; in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit, high-purity liquid products obtained through rectification of an air separation rectifying tower are respectively stored in a liquid oxygen storage tank and a liquid nitrogen storage tank, crude argon fractions are conveyed to an argon rectifying module for purification, a liquid air valve of the self-regulating liquid air storage module is in a closed state, and the liquid air storage tank does not store the rectified products;
(b) The system operates under high load, namely the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressor unit in the air compression unit reaches 105% in the electricity consumption valley period, meanwhile, the input of air raw materials is increased, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air with larger flow rate is obtained and then sent into the flow divider; the air compression unit generates excessive high-temperature high-pressure gas under the high-load operation condition, the excessive high-temperature high-pressure gas is shunted by a shunt and then enters the air separation and liquefaction storage unit, the high-purity liquid product generated after cooling and rectification is respectively stored in the liquid oxygen storage tank and the liquid nitrogen storage tank, the crude argon fraction is conveyed to the argon rectification module for purification, and the self-regulating liquid air storage module is used for storing redundant oxygen-enriched liquid air generated under the high-load operation of the system;
(c) The system operates under low load, namely, in the electricity consumption peak period, the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressor unit in the air compression unit reaches 75 percent, meanwhile, the input of air raw materials is reduced, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air with smaller flow is obtained and then sent into the flow divider; a self-regulating liquid-air storage module in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit is started, and a liquid-air pump supplies liquid air in a liquid-air storage tank to an air separation rectifying tower for obtaining gaseous and liquid air products equivalent to those in the normal load operation period of the system.
More specifically, when the system is operated under low load, the process flows of the air compression unit and the air separation and liquefaction storage unit specifically comprise:
(c1) The working efficiency of the multistage compressor unit reaches 75%, and the obtained high-temperature high-pressure gas is sent into an air cooler from the outlet of the last stage of compressor for pre-cooling; the precooled high-pressure gas directly enters a flow divider, and is divided into two flows according to the preset flow dividing ratio of the low-load operation condition and is sent to an air separation and liquefaction storage unit;
(c2) Two high-temperature and high-pressure air separated by the flow divider enters from a hot inlet of the air heat exchanger and is cooled to obtain a low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous air and a low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous-liquid mixture, and the low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous air enters an expansion machine through a pressure regulating valve to be expanded and cooled and then is used as a cold source to be sent into an upper tower of the air separation rectifying tower; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture is directly sent to a lower tower in the air separation rectifying tower;
when the lower tower in the air separation rectifying tower receives incoming flow from the air heat exchanger, a liquid-air pump in the self-regulating liquid-air storage module is started, and liquid air stored in a liquid-air storage tank is supplied to the air separation rectifying tower to participate in rectification, so that automatic regulation in a system is realized;
(c3) The high-purity liquid oxygen obtained by rectification is conveyed from a lower tower to a liquid oxygen storage tank for storage; high-purity liquid nitrogen obtained through rectification is conveyed from a lower tower to a liquid nitrogen storage tank for storage; and (3) extracting a crude argon flow fraction from the middle lower part of the upper tower of the air separation rectifying tower, and conveying the crude argon flow fraction to an argon rectifying module for purification to obtain an argon product.
Specifically, the gaseous product line process flow of the air production and external supply unit is as follows:
the high-purity oxygen obtained after rectification in the air separation rectifying tower is sent to an oxygen pressure module through a pipeline, oxygen after primary pressure regulation is directly sent to a pressure regulating valve group A for external supply after the pressure is regulated to the required pressure, the other part of the oxygen is stored in an oxygen spherical tank, and the oxygen is sent to the pressure regulating valve group A for pressure regulation and then sent out when the external supply and demand are increased;
and (3) feeding the high-purity nitrogen obtained by separation after rectification in the air separation rectifying tower into a nitrogen pressure module through a pipeline, and directly feeding part of the nitrogen into a pressure regulating valve group B to regulate the required pressure and then externally supplying the nitrogen, storing the other part of the nitrogen in a nitrogen spherical tank, and feeding the nitrogen into the pressure regulating valve group B to regulate the pressure and then discharging the nitrogen when the external supply and the demand are increased.
The liquid product line process flow of the air production and external supply unit is as follows:
when the stored gaseous products can not meet the external supply demand, the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen products stored in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit are respectively pressurized and fed into the liquid oxygen water bath evaporator and the liquid nitrogen water bath evaporator through the liquid oxygen pump and the liquid nitrogen pump to be evaporated to obtain gaseous oxygen and nitrogen, and the gaseous oxygen and nitrogen are directly fed into the pressure regulating valve group A and the pressure regulating valve group B, and are subjected to external supply power generation after the pressure is regulated.
It should be noted that, the self-adjusting liquid air storage module provided by the present invention is a key part in the overall technical flow, the operation state of the self-adjusting liquid air storage module in the above embodiment is described based on the upper limit and the lower limit of the system design range, rather than limiting the operation working conditions, and it is within the scope of protection of the present invention for those skilled in the art to make changes or modifications according to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, and to implement the liquid air energy storage economical design and modification by using peak-valley electricity price difference based on internal self-adjustment.

Claims (10)

1. A liquid air system with a liquid air storage module, characterized by comprising an air compression unit (1), an air separation and liquefaction storage unit (2) and an air production and external supply unit (3);
the air compression unit (1) comprises a multi-stage compressor unit (11), an air cooler (12) and a flow divider (13) which are connected in sequence; the multistage compressor unit (11) can send high-temperature high-pressure gas generated by compression into the air cooler (12) for precooling and then send the high-temperature high-pressure gas to the flow divider (13), and the flow divider (13) divides the high-temperature high-pressure gas subjected to pressure boosting and precooling into two flows which enter the air separation and liquefaction storage unit (2);
the air separation and liquefaction storage unit (2) comprises an air heat exchanger (21), a pressure regulating valve (22), an expander (23), an air separation rectifying tower (24), a liquid oxygen storage tank (25), a liquid nitrogen storage tank (26), an argon rectifying module (27) and a self-regulating liquid air storage module (28); the air separation rectifying tower (24) comprises an upper tower, a lower tower and a main cooler, and the self-adjusting liquid-air storage module (28) comprises a liquid-air storage tank (281) and a liquid-air pump (282); two pipelines at the outlet of the flow divider (13) are respectively connected with a hot inlet of the air heat exchanger (21), one outlet of the air heat exchanger (21) is sequentially connected with a pressure regulating valve (22), an expander (23) and an upper tower of the air separation rectifying tower (24), and the other outlet of the air heat exchanger (21) is connected with a lower tower of the air separation rectifying tower (24); the lower tower is respectively connected with inlets of a liquid oxygen storage tank (25), a liquid nitrogen storage tank (26) and a liquid air storage tank (281), and an outlet of the liquid air storage tank (281) is sequentially connected with a liquid air pump (282) and the lower tower; the argon rectification module (27) is connected with the middle lower part of the upper tower;
the air production and external supply unit (3) comprises a gaseous product line and a liquid product line; the gaseous product line comprises: an oxygen pressure module (30), an oxygen spherical tank (31), a pressure regulating valve group A (32), a nitrogen pressure module (33), a nitrogen spherical tank (34) and a pressure regulating valve group B (35); the liquid product line comprises: a liquid oxygen pump (36), a liquid oxygen water bath type evaporator (37), a liquid nitrogen pump (38) and a liquid nitrogen water bath type evaporator (39); the air separation rectifying tower (24) is connected with the oxygen pressure module (30) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the oxygen pressure module (30) is respectively connected with the pressure regulating valve group A (32) and the oxygen spherical tank (31); the air separation rectifying tower (24) is also connected with a nitrogen pressure module (33) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the nitrogen pressure module (33) is respectively connected with a pressure regulating valve group B (35) and a nitrogen spherical tank (34); the outlet of the liquid oxygen storage tank (25) is sequentially connected with a liquid oxygen pump (36), a liquid oxygen water bath type evaporator (37) and a pressure regulating valve group A (32); the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank (26) is sequentially connected with a liquid nitrogen pump (38), a liquid nitrogen water bath type evaporator (39) and a pressure regulating valve group B (35).
2. Liquid air system with liquid air storage module according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-stage compressor unit (11) is a centrifugal compressor with three-stage compression and two-stage cooling, the last stage is not provided with a cooler, and the air after the last stage compression enters an air cooler (12) for precooling.
3. A liquid air system with a liquid air storage module according to claim 2, characterized in that the multi-stage compressor unit (11) can realize variable working condition operation in the working efficiency range of 75% -105% through real-time adjustment, and variable flow rate of high-temperature and high-pressure air is obtained through changing the amount of raw material air entering the system.
4. A liquid air system with a liquid air storage module according to claim 3, characterized in that the diverter (13) is a gas phase separator with an automatic control valve, which is capable of splitting the high temperature and high pressure air after pressure boosting and pre-cooling into two streams into the air separation and liquefaction storage unit (2) according to a preset diversion ratio.
5. Liquid air system with liquid air storage module according to claim 4, characterized in that the diverter (13) presets different levels of diversion ratios according to the operating efficiency interval of the multi-stage compressor unit (11), and the dynamic adjustment of the diversion amount is realized with the change of the compressed air quantity.
6. A process for operating a liquid air system with a liquid air storage module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that firstly raw air entering the system is pressurized by an air compression unit and the resulting high temperature and pressure air is pre-cooled and split; the multistage compressor unit can adjust the working efficiency interval in real time, so that the air compression amount is in a variable range, and the raw material air inlet amount can be dynamically adjusted in the peak-valley electricity period to obtain variable-flow high-pressure air;
cooling and rectifying the high-temperature and high-pressure gas split by the air compression unit through the air separation and liquefaction storage unit, and obtaining high-purity gaseous and liquid products through separation for storage; the self-adjusting liquid-air storage module can automatically store liquid air which is produced more during high-load operation of the system, and supplement the stored liquid air to the air separation rectifying tower to participate in rectification when the system runs under low load;
and finally, the air production and external supply unit stores the high-purity gaseous product obtained from the air separation and liquefaction storage unit in a gaseous product line, carries out pressure regulation according to external supply and demand, and then externally conveys the gaseous product, and evaporates the liquid product through the liquid product line to obtain the gaseous product which is sent into the gaseous product line.
7. The process for operating a liquid air system having a liquid air storage module as defined in claim 6 wherein the air compression unit and the air separation and liquefaction storage unit process flows when the system is operating at different loads include:
the system operates under normal load, namely the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressor unit in the air compression unit reaches 90% in other periods except for peak and valley of electricity consumption, high-temperature and high-pressure air generated by compression is sent into an air cooler for precooling and then is sent to a flow divider, and the flow divider divides the high-temperature and high-pressure air subjected to pressure boosting and precooling into two flows to enter an air separation and liquefaction storage unit; in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit, high-purity liquid products obtained through rectification of an air separation rectifying tower are respectively stored in a liquid oxygen storage tank and a liquid nitrogen storage tank, crude argon fractions are conveyed to an argon rectifying module for purification, a liquid air valve of the self-regulating liquid air storage module is in a closed state, and the liquid air storage tank does not store the rectified products;
the system operates under high load, namely the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressor unit in the air compression unit reaches 105% in the electricity consumption valley period, meanwhile, the input of air raw materials is increased, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air with larger flow rate is obtained and then sent into the flow divider; the air compression unit generates excessive high-temperature high-pressure gas under the high-load operation condition, the excessive high-temperature high-pressure gas is shunted by a shunt and then enters the air separation and liquefaction storage unit, the high-purity liquid product generated after cooling and rectification is respectively stored in the liquid oxygen storage tank and the liquid nitrogen storage tank, the crude argon fraction is conveyed to the argon rectification module for purification, and the self-regulating liquid air storage module is used for storing redundant oxygen-enriched liquid air generated under the high-load operation of the system;
the system operates under low load, namely, in the electricity consumption peak period, the working efficiency of the multi-stage compressor unit in the air compression unit reaches 75 percent, meanwhile, the input of air raw materials is reduced, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air with smaller flow is obtained and then sent into the flow divider; a self-regulating liquid-air storage module in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit is started, and a liquid-air pump supplies liquid air in a liquid-air storage tank to an air separation rectifying tower for obtaining gaseous and liquid air products equivalent to those in the normal load operation period of the system.
8. The process for operating a liquid air system having a liquid air storage module as defined in claim 7 wherein the air compression unit and air separation and liquefaction storage unit process flows during low load operation of the system include:
the working efficiency of the multistage compressor unit reaches 75%, and the obtained high-temperature high-pressure gas is sent into an air cooler from the outlet of the last stage of compressor for pre-cooling; the precooled high-pressure gas directly enters a flow divider, and is divided into two flows according to a flow dividing ratio preset under low-load operation conditions and is sent to the air separation and liquefaction storage unit;
two high-temperature and high-pressure air separated by the flow divider enters from a hot inlet of the air heat exchanger and is cooled to obtain a low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous air and a low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous air-liquid mixture, and the low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous air enters an expansion machine through a pressure regulating valve to be expanded and cooled and then is used as a cold source to be sent to an upper tower in the air separation rectifying tower; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture is directly sent to a lower tower in the air separation rectifying tower;
when the lower tower in the air separation rectifying tower receives incoming flow from the air heat exchanger, a liquid-air pump in the self-regulating liquid-air storage module is started, and liquid air stored in a liquid-air storage tank is supplied to the air separation rectifying tower to participate in rectification, so that automatic regulation in a system is realized;
the high-purity liquid oxygen obtained by rectification is conveyed from a lower tower to a liquid oxygen storage tank for storage; high-purity liquid nitrogen obtained through rectification is conveyed from a lower tower to a liquid nitrogen storage tank for storage; and (3) extracting a crude argon flow fraction from the middle lower part of the upper tower of the air separation rectifying tower, and conveying the crude argon flow fraction to an argon rectifying module for purification to obtain an argon product.
9. The process for operating a liquid air system having a liquid air storage module as set forth in claim 6 wherein said air production and external supply unit gaseous product line process flow is:
the high-purity oxygen obtained after rectification in the air separation rectifying tower is sent to an oxygen pressure module through a pipeline, oxygen after primary pressure regulation is directly sent to a pressure regulating valve group A for external supply after the pressure is regulated to the required pressure, the other part of the oxygen is stored in an oxygen spherical tank, and the oxygen is sent to the pressure regulating valve group A for pressure regulation and then sent out when the external supply and demand are increased;
and (3) feeding the high-purity nitrogen obtained by separation after rectification in the air separation rectifying tower into a nitrogen pressure module through a pipeline, and directly feeding part of the nitrogen into a pressure regulating valve group B to regulate the required pressure and then externally supplying the nitrogen, storing the other part of the nitrogen in a nitrogen spherical tank, and feeding the nitrogen into the pressure regulating valve group B to regulate the pressure and then discharging the nitrogen when the external supply and the demand are increased.
10. The process for operating a liquid air system having a liquid air storage module as set forth in claim 6 wherein said air production and external supply unit liquid product line process flow is:
when the stored gaseous products can not meet the external supply demand, the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen products stored in the air separation and liquefaction storage unit are respectively pressurized and fed into the liquid oxygen water bath evaporator and the liquid nitrogen water bath evaporator through the liquid oxygen pump and the liquid nitrogen pump to be evaporated to obtain gaseous oxygen and nitrogen, and the gaseous oxygen and nitrogen are directly fed into the pressure regulating valve group A and the pressure regulating valve group B, and are subjected to external supply power generation after the pressure is regulated.
CN202310193054.3A 2023-03-02 2023-03-02 Liquid air system with liquid air storage module and process Pending CN116182509A (en)

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