CN116082314B - 一种喹唑啉类化合物及其制备方法和在制备脯氨酰tRNA合成酶抑制剂中的应用 - Google Patents
一种喹唑啉类化合物及其制备方法和在制备脯氨酰tRNA合成酶抑制剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116082314B CN116082314B CN202310183804.9A CN202310183804A CN116082314B CN 116082314 B CN116082314 B CN 116082314B CN 202310183804 A CN202310183804 A CN 202310183804A CN 116082314 B CN116082314 B CN 116082314B
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- quinazoline
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种喹唑啉类化合物及其制备方法和在制备脯氨酰tRNA合成酶抑制剂中的应用。该喹唑啉类化合物,其特征在于,具有如式(Ⅰ)所示结构:其中,R1为氢、卤基、氨基或烷氨基;R2为氢、卤基或烷基;R3为氢、卤基、烷基、羟基或烷氧基;R4为氢、卤基、烷基或羟基。该喹唑啉类化合物可抑制ProRS的活性,从而可以以ProRS为抗菌靶标,具有对细菌的良好的抗菌抑菌效果,可用于制备治疗细菌感染的广谱性抗菌药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种喹唑啉类化合物及其制备方法和在制备脯氨酰tRNA合成酶抑制剂中的应用。
背景技术
抗菌药物一般是指具有杀菌或抑菌活性的药物,包括各种抗生素、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、呋喃类、硝基咪唑类等化学合成药物。目前,日趋严重的细菌耐药性是临床面临的重大挑战,故需开发具有新作用机制和新靶标的抗菌药物。
氨酰转运核糖核酸合成酶(aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases,aaRSs)是蛋白质翻译过程中的一组关键酶,其功能是连接氨基酸与对应的tRNA,合成氨酰化的tRNA,为核糖体合成蛋白质提供原料。细菌一般含有20种aaRS,各自催化一种天然氨基酸连接到相应的tRNA上。理论上,抑制任意一种aaRS的活性,细菌的蛋白质合成均会受阻或出错,从而抑制细菌的生长与繁殖。目前,细菌异亮氨酰转运核糖核酸合成酶(isoleucyl-tRNAsynthetase,IleRS)的抑制剂Mupirocin(莫匹罗星)已被WHO列入基本药品目录,被广泛用于治疗包括多种耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌在内的革兰氏阳性球菌引起的皮肤感染,比如名称为“包含莫匹罗星及新霉素的抗微生物组合物”的中国专利就使用了莫匹罗星。
脯氨酰转运核糖核酸合成酶(prolyl-tRNA synthetase,ProRS)是aaRS蛋白酶家族的重要成员之一,是一种潜在的抗菌靶点。ProRS虽然广泛分布于真核细胞和原核细胞中,但在演化过程中,原核生物和真核生物中该酶的结构产生了较大的差异,这为特异性抑制细菌酶的药物开发提供了可能性。同时,ProRS在不同细菌中具有保守的结构特征,这为发展广谱的抗菌药物提供了可能性。但目前对细菌型ProRS抑制剂的研究仍然缺乏,因此需做进一步的研究。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是克服现有细菌型ProRS抑制剂较为缺乏问题,提供一种喹唑啉类化合物。该喹唑啉类化合物可抑制ProRS的活性,从而可以以ProRS为抗菌靶标,具有对细菌的良好的抗菌抑菌效果,可用于制备治疗细菌感染的广谱性抗菌药物。
本发明的进一步目的是提供上述喹唑啉类化合物的制备方法。
本发明的进一步目的是提供上述喹唑啉类化合物在制备ProRS抑制剂中的应用。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种喹唑啉类化合物,具有如式(Ⅰ)所示结构:
其中,R1为氢、卤基、氨基或烷氨基;R2为氢、卤基或烷基;R3为氢、卤基、烷基、羟基或烷氧基;R4为氢、卤基、烷基或羟基。
本发明的喹唑啉类化合物以7-苯基喹唑啉-4-胺为基本骨架,并在特定的取代位置进行特定基团的取代。
本发明的发明人通过研究发现,本发明的喹唑啉类化合物能够与细菌的ProRS(脯氨酰转运核糖核酸合成酶)结合,且具有良好的ProRS酶活抑制活性,从而可以以ProRS为抗菌靶标,具有对细菌的良好的抗菌抑菌效果。具体地,该喹唑啉类化合物对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌均具有良好抑制效果。
即本发明的喹唑啉类化合物可抑制ProRS的活性,从而可以以ProRS为抗菌靶标,具有对细菌的良好的杀菌抑菌效果,可用于制备治疗细菌感染的广谱性抗菌药物。
优选地,R1为氢、氯、氨基或甲氨基。
更为优选地,R1为氢、氯或氨基。
优选地,R2为氢、氟、氯或甲基。
优选地,R3为氢、氟、甲基、羟基或甲氧基。
优选地,R4为氢、氟、氯、甲基或羟基。
优选地,所述喹唑啉类化合物为如下编号中的任意一种化合物:
上述喹唑啉类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
先将含有L-脯氨酸基团的第一反应物与含有苯磺酰胺基团的第二反应物反应,再与喹唑啉衍生物反应,即得所述喹唑啉类化合物。
本发明的制备方法以含有L-脯氨酸和喹唑啉衍生物为原料,原料廉价易得,合成方法简单易操作,产率高,产物稳定。
上述喹唑啉类化合物在制备脯氨酰tRNA合成酶(即脯氨酰转运核糖核酸合成酶)抑制剂中的应用也在本发明的保护范围内。
优选地,所述喹唑啉类化合物在制备抗细菌感染药物中应用。
优选地,所述细菌为革兰氏阳性细菌或革兰氏阴性细菌中的至少一种。
更为优选地,所述革兰氏阳性细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌或福氏志贺氏菌中的至少一种。
更为优选地,所述革兰氏阴性细菌为绿脓杆菌或粪肠球菌中的至少一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的喹唑啉类化合物可抑制ProRS的活性,从而可以以ProRS为抗菌靶标,具有对细菌的良好的抗菌抑菌效果,可用于制备治疗细菌感染的广谱性抗菌药物。
附图说明
图1分别为化合物5a、5c、5e、5h、22和27抑制绿脓杆菌脯氨酰tNRA合成酶(Pseudomonas aeruginosa prolyl-tRNA synthetase,PaProRS)Pre-transfer editing活性的量效曲线图。
图2分别为化合物5a、27和29滴定PaProRS的量热曲线图。
图3为晶体结构显示的化合物5a与PaProRS的结合模式图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚、完整的描述本发明的技术方案,以下通过具体实施例进一步详细说明本发明,应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明,可以在本发明权利限定的范围内进行各种改变。
实施例中的原料均可通过市售获得。
除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
各实施例中化合物的结构式及编号如表1所示。
表1化合物结构式
实施例1喹唑啉类化合物5a-e和5g-h
本实施例提供的喹唑啉类化合物的结构如表1中的化合物5a-e和5g-h所示,其合成路线如下(其中,化合物4a-e和4g-h分别进一步用于制备本实施例的化合物5a-e和5g-h,化合物4f进一步用于制备实施例3的化合物7b。):
(1)化合物2a-f的制备,以化合物2a(R3和R4均为氢)为例,化合物2a的制备方法如下:
将化合物1(258mg,1.2mmol)、3-溴苯磺胺(236mg,1mmol)、N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(247mg,1.2mmol)和催化量的4-二甲氨基吡啶加入到10mL无水二氯甲烷中,回流48h。经TLC检测,待反应完全后,滤除固体,滤饼用二氯甲烷洗涤。滤液减压除去溶剂,得到的粗品用流动相(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:2)过硅胶柱纯化,即得化合物2a,其产率约为90%。
(2)化合物3a-f的制备,以化合物3a(R3和R4均为氢)为例,化合物3a的制备方法如下:
将化合物2a(220mg,0.5mmol)、联硼酸频那醇酯(190mg,0.75mmol)、[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(29mg,0.04mmol)和醋酸钾(147mg,1.5mmol),在溶剂DMSO中于100℃下搅拌10小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全后,加饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并乙酸乙酯相,并用饱和食盐水洗涤4次,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,即得到化合物3a,直接进行下一步反应。
(3)化合物4a-h的制备,以化合物4a为例,化合物4a的制备方法如下:
将化合物3a(约240mg,0.5mmol)、7-溴喹唑啉-4-氨(112mg,0.5mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(29mg,0.025mmol)与碳酸钾(207mg,1.5mmol)溶于1,4-二氧六环:水=8:1的混合溶剂(4mL)中,在氮气保护的条件下于126℃搅拌6小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全后,加入10mL甲醇,用硅藻土过滤,滤液减压除去溶剂,得到的粗品用流动相为甲醇:水的C18反相柱纯化,即得化合物4a,其产率约为70%。
(4)化合物5a-e、5g-h的制备,以化合物5a为例,化合物5a的制备方法如下:
将化合物4a(约140mg,0.28mmol)溶于1,4-二氧六环(4mL)中,滴加4NHCl(2mL),室温搅拌2小时,经TLC检测,待反应完全后,减压除去溶剂,得到的粗品用流动相为甲醇:水的C18反相柱纯化,即得化合物5a,其产率约为90%。
化合物5a-e、5g-h的核磁表征结果如下:
化合物5a:1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.74(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),8.49(dd,J=8.7,2.3Hz,1H),8.44(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),8.16(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),8.13–8.03(m,2H),7.82(q,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.36(dt,J=8.2,5.6Hz,1H),3.32–3.28(m,2H),2.49(ddt,J=11.9,8.7,4.6Hz,1H),2.12–1.92(m,3H).
化合物5b:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.71(s,1H),8.35(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),8.28(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.11(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.92(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.58(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.31(dd,J=8.6,6.0Hz,1H),3.29(s,2H),2.48(tq,J=11.6,6.7,6.1Hz,1H),2.01(tdd,J=24.1,11.3,6.8Hz,3H).
化合物5c:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.71(s,1H),8.45(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.93(s,1H),7.79(s,1H),7.75(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.31(dd,J=8.6,5.8Hz,1H),3.32(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),3.26(p,J=1.6Hz,1H),2.43(q,J=7.5Hz,1H),2.36(s,3H),2.02(q,J=10.2,8.4Hz,1H),1.93(h,J=7.4,6.8Hz,2H).
化合物5d:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.70(s,1H),8.40(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.12(s,1H),8.08(s,1H),8.01(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.94(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.32–4.21(m,1H),3.40–3.31(m,2H),2.43(td,J=10.0,9.4,4.6Hz,1H),2.00(dp,J=20.7,8.2,7.6Hz,3H).
化合物5e:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.63(s,1H),8.32(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.14–7.98(m,2H),7.89(s,1H),7.85(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.23(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.89(s,3H),3.21(t,J=1.8Hz,2H),2.36(q,J=7.8Hz,1H),1.96(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),1.93–1.80(m,2H).
化合物5g:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.33(d,J=10.6Hz,2H),8.11(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.76(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.55(s,1H),4.30(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.28(s,2H),2.43(q,J=8.8,8.3Hz,1H),1.97(ddt,J=28.3,15.1,7.5Hz,3H).
化合物5h:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.31(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.63(s,1H),4.18(dd,J=8.7,6.1Hz,1H),3.24(dd,J=11.4,6.5Hz,2H),2.42–2.33(m,1H),1.96(ddt,J=24.8,17.6,6.6Hz,3H).
实施例2喹唑啉类化合物6
本实施例提供的喹唑啉类化合物的结构如表1中的化合物6所示,其合成路线如下:
(1)化合物5的制备:将化合物4g(53mg,0.1mmol)与甲胺(60μL)加入到2mL乙醇中,在氮气保护的条件下于150℃搅拌7小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全后用制备TLC纯化,流动相为甲醇:二氯甲烷=1:9,即得化合物5,产率约为75%。
(2)化合物6的制备,其制备方法参考实施例1中化合物5a的制备方法(实施例1的第(4)步)。
化合物6的核磁表征结果如下:
化合物6:1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.33(s,1H),8.16(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.06(dt,J=7.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.99(dt,J=7.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.67(dt,J=26.9,9.2Hz,3H),4.32–4.14(m,1H),3.31–3.24(m,2H),2.49–2.31(m,1H),2.11–1.87(m,3H),1.30(d,J=7.7Hz,3H).
实施例3喹唑啉类化合物7a-b
本实施例提供的喹唑啉类化合物的结构如表1中的化合物7a-b所示,其合成路线如下:
将化合物4e或4f(100mg,0.19mmol)加入到溶剂无水二氯甲烷中,并降温至-78℃,然后在无水无氧的条件下滴加三溴化硼(190mg,0.76mmol),将温度缓慢升至室温,继续搅拌10小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全,加入碳酸氢钠固体淬灭反应。加入甲醇后滤除固体,滤液减压除去溶剂,得到的粗品用流动相为甲醇:水的C18反相柱纯化,即得化合物7a或7b,其产率约为60%。
化合物7a-b的核磁表征结果如下:
化合物7a:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.70(s,1H),8.40(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.12(s,1H),8.08(s,1H),8.01(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.94(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.32–4.21(m,1H),3.40–3.31(m,2H),2.43(td,J=10.0,9.4,4.6Hz,1H),2.00(dp,J=20.7,8.2,7.6Hz,3H).
化合物7b:1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.69(s,1H),8.38(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.09(dd,J=8.7,2.5Hz,1H),7.97(dd,J=8.7,1.7Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.40(dd,J=8.5,6.2Hz,1H),3.34–3.28(m,2H),2.54(ddd,J=14.6,8.5,5.4Hz,1H),2.15–2.05(m,1H),1.97(ddt,J=18.8,13.0,6.5Hz,2H).
实施例4喹唑啉类化合物13
本实施例提供的喹唑啉类化合物的结构如表1中的化合物13所示,其合成路线如下:
(1)化合物9的制备:将化合物8(460mg,2mmol)和醋酸甲脒(1248mg,12mmol)加入到溶剂1,4-二氧六环中,于125℃下搅拌16小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全,加入饱和食盐水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,乙酸乙酯相用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,得到的粗品用流动相(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:2)过硅胶柱纯化,即得化合物9,产率约为80%。
(2)化合物10的制备:将化合物9(239mg,1mmol)和催化量DMF加入到1N氯化亚砜溶液中(10mL),于75℃回流14小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全后,减压除去溶剂后,即得到化合物10,直接进行下一步反应。
(3)化合物11的制备:将化合物10(上一步粗品,约1mmol)加入到7N氨甲醇溶液中,室温搅拌12小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全后,减压除去溶剂,粗品用甲醇:二氯甲烷为流动相过硅胶柱纯化,即得化合物11。
(4)化合物12和13的制备,其制备方法参照实施例1中化合物4a和5a的制备方法(实施例1的第(3)和第(4)步)。
化合物13的核磁表征结果如下:
化合物13:1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.67(s,1H),8.29(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.16–8.11(m,1H),8.08(s,1H),7.78(d,J=4.5Hz,2H),7.66(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.33(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.28(p,J=1.6Hz,2H),2.50(s,3H),2.45(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),2.12–2.01(m,1H),1.95(p,J=7.6,7.2Hz,2H).
实施例5喹唑啉类化合物22
本实施例提供的喹唑啉类化合物的结构如表1中的化合物22所示,其合成路线如下:
(1)化合物15的制备:将化合物14(1.4g,6.8mmol)、水合氯醛(1.35g,8.15mmol)、硫酸羟胺(3.35g,20.4mmol)、无水硫酸钠(5.8g,40.8mmol)和盐酸(3.5mL)加入到溶剂水(25mL)中,于90℃下搅拌17小时。经TLC检测,待反应结束后加入适量水再用乙酸乙酯萃取,乙酸乙酯相经无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,粗品用石油醚:乙酸乙酯为流动相过硅胶柱纯化,即得化合物15,产率约50%。
(2)化合物16的制备:将化合物15(554mg,2mmol)分批加入到50℃浓硫酸中,然后将温度升至80℃继续搅拌3小时。待反应完全后,将反应液加入到冰水中,过滤,滤饼用水洗并干燥。得到的粗品用甲醇:二氯甲烷为流动相过硅胶柱纯化即得化合物16,产率约65%。
(3)化合物17的制备:在冰水浴的条件下,将化合物16(312mg,1.2mmol)加入到1N的氢氧化钠溶液中,滴加30%过氧化氢(0.8mL),缓慢升至室温继续搅拌15小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全后,加入饱和食盐水并调节pH至3左右,用乙酸乙酯萃取,乙酸乙酯相用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,得到的粗品用甲醇:水为流动相过C18柱纯化,即得化合物17,产率80%。
(4)化合物18、19和20的制备,其制备方法分别参照实施例4中化合物9、10和11的制备方法(实施例4的第(1)、第(2)和第(3)步)。
(5)化合物21和22的制备,其制备方法参照实施例1中化合物4a和5a的制备方法(实施例1的第(3)和第(4)步)。
化合物22的核磁表征结果如下:
化合物22:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.73(s,1H),8.44(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.25(s,1H),8.20(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.90–7.78(m,2H),4.33(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),3.30(s,2H),2.45(q,J=9.7Hz,1H),2.09–1.93(m,3H).
实施例6喹唑啉类化合物27
本实施例提供的喹唑啉类化合物的结构如表1中的化合物27所示,其合成路线如下:
(1)化合物24的制备:将苯磺酰氯(1.2mL)加入到DMF(5mL)中,室温搅拌0.5小时,加入化合物23(1g,4.7mmol),室温继续搅拌3小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全后,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤后,加入水(20mL),用NaOH碱化至固体溶解,加入乙酸乙酯进行萃取,乙酸乙酯相用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,即得化合物24,产率约92%。
(2)化合物25的制备:将化合物24(540mg,2mmol)加入到溶剂冰乙酸(2mL)中搅拌,滴加30%氨水(1mL),升温至110℃进行回流。经TLC检测,待反应完全后,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤,干燥即得化合物25,产率约89%。
(3)化合物26和27的制备,其制备方法参照实施例1中化合物4a和5a的制备方法(实施例1的第(3)和第(4)步)。
化合物27的核磁表征结果如下:
化合物27:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.73(s,1H),8.39(s,1H),8.31(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.8,1.7Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.95(dd,J=8.6,7.1Hz,1H),7.83(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.32(dd,J=8.7,5.9Hz,1H),3.31(p,J=1.6Hz,2H),2.46(td,J=10.5,9.7,5.3Hz,1H),2.11–2.02(m,1H),2.01–1.91(m,2H).
实施例7喹唑啉类化合物29
本实施例提供的喹唑啉类化合物的结构如表1中的化合物29所示,其合成路线如下:
(1)化合物25-1的制备:将化合物25(960mg,4mmol)、联硼酸频那醇酯(1520mg,6mmol)、1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(145mg,0.2mmol)和醋酸钾(1176mg,12mmol),在溶剂1,4-二氧六环(30mL)中于100℃下搅拌10小时。经TLC检测,待反应完全后,加饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取,并用饱和食盐水洗涤1次,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,即得到化合物25-1,直接进行下一步反应。
(2)化合物28和29的制备,其制备方法分别参照实施例1中化合物4a和5a的制备方法(实施例1的第(3)和第(4)步)。
化合物29的核磁表征结果如下:
化合物29:1H NMR(500MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.69(s,1H),8.49(s,1H),8.27(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.90(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.33(dd,J=8.5,6.3Hz,1H),3.26(q,J=1.7Hz,2H),2.53–2.42(m,1H),2.02(ddt,J=16.6,12.9,6.6Hz,2H),1.92(tt,J=10.0,5.4Hz,1H).
性能测试
制备细菌来源的高纯度ProRS蛋白质样品:绿脓杆菌ProRS(PaProRS,UniProKB编号Q9I502)和大肠杆菌ProRS(EcProRS,UniProKB编号P16659)。以PaProRS为例,其表达质粒的构建和蛋白表达、纯化方法如下:
1.PaProRS原核表达质粒的构建
将PaProRS的DNA编码序列插入到pET28a载体,并在该DNA序列的上游插入编码六组氨酸标签的相应DNA序列,构建成表达His6-PaProRS融合蛋白的原核表达质粒。插入的DNA序列经过DNA测序予以验证。
PaProRS的氨基酸序列为:
MRTSQYLLSTLKETPADAVVISHQLLLRAGMIRRLASGLYTWLPMGLRVLRKVETIVREEMNAAGALEVLMPAVQPAELWQESGRWEQYGPELLRLKDRHEREFCVGPTHEEVITDLARNELNSYKQLPINFYQIQTKFRDEIRPRFGLMRGREFIMKDAYSFHLSQDSLQQTYDGMYQAYSKIFSRLGLDFRPVQADNGSIGGSGSHEFHVLANSGEDDIVFSDSSDYAANIEKAEAVPRESARGSATEDMRLVDTPNTKTIAALVDGFQLPIEKTIKTLVVHGAEEGTLVALIVRGDHELNEIKAANQPLVASPLVFASEAEIRAAIGAGPGSLGPVNLPIACIVDRSVALMSDFAAGANIEDKHYFGVNWERDLPLPEVADLRNVVEGDPSPDGKGTLVIKRGIEVGHIFQLGTKYSEAMKLSVLSEQGKPVNLIMGCYGIGVSRVVAAAIEQNHDERGILWPSALAPFQIALVPLKYETESVKQATDKLYAELTAAGFEVLLDDRDKKTSPGVKFADMELIGIPHRIVISDRGLSEGVLEYKGRRDSESQNLPIGELMSFITEKLSR
2.PaProRS融合蛋白的表达
将上述His6-PaProRS质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。将转有质粒的BL21(DE3)细菌在含有50μg/L的卡那霉素的Luria-Bertani(LB)培养基中37℃温度下220rpm震荡培养,直到OD600=0.6。然后,在培养基中加入0.15mM的异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG),在18℃温度下继续培养,让目标蛋白充分表达。18小时后,离心法收集菌体。
3.PaProRS蛋白质的纯化
将上述收集到的菌体用裂解缓冲液(50mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0,400mM NaCl,10mM咪唑)充分混悬浮,然后利用超声破碎法在冰水浴的条件下裂解细菌。高速离心除去细菌裂解液中的细胞残片、细胞器等,收集上清液。利用Ni-NTA亲和层析树脂捕获上清液中的目标蛋白,先用裂解缓冲液充分洗脱残留的杂蛋白,随后用含不同咪唑浓度的裂解缓冲液进行梯度洗脱。利用SDS-PAGE检测含目标蛋白的组分,浓缩后进一步利用Superdex凝胶色谱柱纯化得到高纯度蛋白质样品。
试验1喹唑啉类化合物与细菌型ProRS的热稳定性迁移试验(thermalshiftassay,TSA)
在96孔PCR板上配置20μL反应体系,包含:100mM HEPES(pH 7.5),150mM NaCl,2×SYPRO orange荧光染料,1.6μM EcProRS蛋白质,40μM喹唑啉类化合物,轻柔混匀。把96孔PCR板放到StepOnePlus实时荧光定量PCR仪中,在25℃孵育10min,然后按照1℃/min的升温速率从25℃升温到95℃。升温期间,每30秒检测一次荧光信号。随着温度升高,EcProRS逐渐发生热变性,随之荧光信号增强。以荧光信号作为纵坐标,温度作为横坐标,用仪器配套软件中的玻尔兹曼法拟合绘制蛋白质热变性曲线并推测蛋白质热变性温度Tm值。某一个化合物对EcProRS热稳定性的贡献可以用含有该化合物时蛋白质的Tm值减去不含化合物的空白蛋白质的Tm值,即ΔTm值,来评价。一般情况下,ΔTm值越大表示结合能力越强。实验测得的各实施例的喹唑啉类化合物对EcProRS的ΔTm数据见表2。
表2喹唑啉类化合物与EcProRS的结合能力
编号 | EcProRS-ΔTm(℃) | 编号 | EcProRS-ΔTm(℃) |
5a | 18.8 | 5b | 19.0 |
5c | 16.9 | 5d | 15.9 |
5e | 15.6 | 5g | 17.9 |
5h | 17.5 | 6 | 1.2 |
7a | 14.5 | 7b | 19.2 |
13 | 13.4 | 22 | 16.7 |
27 | 21.6 | 29 | 22.6 |
从表2可知,本发明的喹唑啉类化合物能够显著地提高EcProRS蛋白质的热稳定性,表明该喹唑啉类化合物对EcProRS具有较强的亲和力,结合能力强。
试验2喹唑啉类化合物对细菌型ProRS的抑制活性
抑制活性测试方法:采用测试ProRS pre-transfer editing活性的方法。氨酰化缓冲液(30mM HEPES pH7.5,140mM NaCl,30mM KCl,40mM MgCl2)用于稀释化合物、蛋白质样品。80μL的反应体系包含:氨酰化缓冲液、1mM DTT、100mM L-Ala、240μM ATP、40μg/mLPPase、6μg/mL PaProRS和不同浓度的喹唑啉类化合物。测试时先将除ATP外的所有组分混合,加入到透明的96孔板中,室温下孵育10分钟,加入ATP反应15分钟,通过加入20μL显色剂(组分为1mL孔雀石绿染料、250ul 7.5%钼酸铵和20uL 10%吐温)终止反应,并在室温下显色10分钟。然后在620nm下测量吸光度A(每个浓度设三孔,吸光度取均值)。设置不加化合物(用等量氨酰化buffer替代)的空白对照B(抑制率0%)和不加PaProRS的对照C(抑制率100%),计算化合物对酶的抑制率=(B-A)/(B-C)×100%。
试验测得各实施例的喹唑啉类化合物在1μM浓度下对PaProRS活性的抑制率均超过50%,表明各该喹唑啉类化合物对PaProRS的IC50值均小于1μM。实验测得化合物5a、5b、5c、5e、5g、7a、7b、27和29在0.1μM浓度下对PaProRS活性的抑制率均超过50%,表明这些化合物对PaProRS的IC50值均小于0.1μM;而化合物5d、5h、6、13和22对PaProRS的IC50值则在0.1~1μM之间。图1是部分喹唑啉类化合物抑制PaProR酶活的量效曲线图,喹唑啉类化合物的IC50值用GraphPad Prism软件的剂量-抑制函数进行拟合计算得到。以上测试结果显示本发明的喹唑啉类化合物均对PaProRS的酶活表现出较强抑制效果。
本发明的喹唑啉类化合物能够与细菌的ProRS(脯氨酰转运核糖核酸合成酶)结合,且具有良好的ProRS酶活抑制活性,从而可以以ProRS为抗菌靶标,具有对细菌的良好的抗菌抑菌效果。
试验3喹唑啉类化合物对细菌型ProRS的亲和力测定
亲和力测试方法采用等温滴定量热法(Isothermal Titration Calorimetry,ITC)。预先采用透析的方法将PaProRS蛋白质样品的缓冲液置换为20mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0),200mM NaCl。用透析外液将蛋白质和喹唑啉类化合物浓度分别稀释到20μM和200μM(或10μM和100μM)。用喹唑啉类化合物溶液滴定蛋白质溶液,控制第一滴为0.4μL,接下来19滴为2μL,每滴间隔150秒。滴定完成后,用仪器配套的软件分析实验数据,拟合曲线,计算得解离常数Kd、结合化学计量数、结合热力学熵变和焓变(ΔS和ΔH)。
选取部分喹唑啉化合物进行滴定,实验测得化合物5a、27和29对PaProRS的Kd值(图2所示)与试验2中测得其对PaProRS酶活的IC50值相近,相互验证了试验2和试验3试验结果的可靠性,同时,表明本发明的喹唑啉化合物对PaProRS表现出较强的亲和力。
试验4喹唑啉类化合物的体外抗菌活性测定
采用MH肉汤稀释法测定喹唑啉类化合物的最小抑菌浓度评价化合物的体外抗菌活性。测试的菌株有绿脓杆菌(P.aeruginosa,ATCC27853),粪肠球菌(E.faecalis,ATCC29212),福氏志贺氏菌(S.flexneri,CMCC51572),金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus,ATCC25923)。
首先96孔板中第一列加入培养基90μL,其他除空白对照均加入培养基50μL。然后,第一列中加入用DMSO溶解的喹唑啉类化合物10μL,混合均匀。吸取第一列中的混合物50μL,置于第二列中混合均匀,再吸取50μL加入第三列。以此类推,最终将喹唑啉类化合物和阳性对照药进行倍半稀释(256、128、64、32、16、8、4、2、1、0.5、0.25μg/mL)。在每孔中分别加入50μL各种菌液。其中最后一列为培养基和菌液的空白对照,最后一排为阳性对照。将96孔板置于37℃,培养24小时。测量600nm处各孔的吸收值,确定喹唑啉类化合物对不同菌种的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值。
结果显示,本发明的喹唑啉类化合物针对绿脓杆菌(P.aeruginosa,ATCC27853)、粪肠球菌(E.faecalis,ATCC29212)、福氏志贺氏菌(S.flexneri,CMCC51572)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus,ATCC25923)这四种感染性细菌均有显著的抑制活性,表明本发明的喹唑啉类化合物对细菌具有良好的抗菌抑菌效果。表3显示了其中活性较好的喹唑啉类化合物(5a、7b和27)MIC的测试结果。
表3喹唑啉类化合物对4种细菌的抑菌活性
注:NT表示未测试
试验5化合物5a与PaProRS复合物晶体的制备、X射线衍射数据收集与共晶结构解析
(1)PaProRS-化合物5a复合物晶体的制备:晶体采用坐滴气相扩散法生长。化合物浓度为3mM,PaProRS蛋白质浓度为30mg/mL。结晶条件为0.15M醋酸铵,0.1M柠檬酸钠pH5.0,18%PEG Smear High,晶体在16℃下生长3-4天,即可获得可供X射线衍射的高分辨率晶体。
(2)PaProRS-化合物5a复合物晶体X射线衍射数据采集与结构解析:衍射数据采集在上海同步辐射光源(SSRF)生物大分子晶体学光束线站进行。数据采集策略如下:收集360幅衍射画面,每幅画面曝光时间为0.5秒,旋转角度为0.5°。PaProRS-化合物5a复合物晶体采集到分辨率的完整衍射数据。
衍射数据采用HKL2000软件进行指标化、积分和合并。利用CCP4软件中的MOLREO程序,以PaProRS的空蛋白三维结构坐标(PDB号为5UCM)为模板,通过分子置换法解析衍射相位。利用Refmac5程序,在倒易空间对结构模型进行自动优化,同时,利用Coot程序,根据实空间的电子密度图形状,手动修正和完善蛋白质结构模型。在实空间与倒易空间之间,交替进行多轮的结构修正,直至结构模型达到较高质量。图3为化合物5a与PaProRS结合模式图。从图3可知化合物5a很好地占据了PaProRS催化口袋的ATP和氨基酸位点,并与周围的残基形成氢键和π-π堆积等相互作用,表明化合物5a为PaProRS的ATP-氨基酸双位点抑制剂。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种喹唑啉类化合物,其特征在于,具有如式(Ⅰ)所示结构:
式(Ⅰ);
其中,R1为氢、卤基、氨基或烷氨基;R2为氢、卤基或烷基;R3为氢、卤基、烷基、羟基或烷氧基;R4为氢、卤基、烷基或羟基。
2.根据权利要求1所述喹唑啉类化合物,其特征在于,R1为氢、氯、氨基或甲氨基。
3.根据权利要求1所述喹唑啉类化合物,其特征在于,R2为氢、氟、氯或甲基。
4.根据权利要求1所述喹唑啉类化合物,其特征在于,R3为氢、氟、甲基、羟基或甲氧基。
5.根据权利要求1所述喹唑啉类化合物,其特征在于,R4为氢、氟、氯、甲基或羟基。
6.根据权利要求1所述喹唑啉类化合物,其特征在于,所述喹唑啉类化合物为如下编号中的任意一种化合物:
。
7.权利要求1~6任一所述喹唑啉类化合物在制备脯氨酰tRNA合成酶抑制剂中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述应用,其特征在于,所述喹唑啉类化合物在制备抗细菌感染药物中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述应用,其特征在于,所述细菌为革兰氏阳性细菌或革兰氏阴性细菌中的至少一种。
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