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CN116075415A - 用于平视显示器的复合板 - Google Patents

用于平视显示器的复合板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116075415A
CN116075415A CN202280004389.XA CN202280004389A CN116075415A CN 116075415 A CN116075415 A CN 116075415A CN 202280004389 A CN202280004389 A CN 202280004389A CN 116075415 A CN116075415 A CN 116075415A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
functional film
intermediate layer
composite
plate
thermoplastic intermediate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202280004389.XA
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
A·戈默
V·舒尔茨
M·阿恩特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of CN116075415A publication Critical patent/CN116075415A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60JWINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于平视显示器(HUD)的复合板(100),所述复合板具有上边(O)、下边(U)和HUD区域(B),所述复合板至少包括外板(1)、第一热塑性中间层(2)、功能薄膜(3)、第二热塑性中间层(4)和内板(5),所述功能薄膜适用于反射射到所述功能薄膜(3)上的p偏振辐射的至少5%,所述第二热塑性中间层的厚度在竖直走向上至少在HUD区域(B)中可变。根据本发明,所述功能薄膜(3)布置在外板(1)和内板(5)之间,所述第一热塑性中间层(2)布置在外板(1)和功能薄膜(3)之间,所述第二热塑性中间层(4)布置在功能薄膜(3)和内板(5)之间,以及所述第二热塑性中间层(4)具有小于0.20 mrad的最大楔角(α)。

Description

用于平视显示器的复合板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于平视显示器的复合板、用于制造所述复合板的方法及其用途。
背景技术
现今在许多地方、尤其是在交通工具制造业中使用复合板。在此,术语交通工具尤其包括道路运输工具、飞机、船舶、农业机器或器具。
复合板也被使用在其他领域中。例如,例如在博物馆中或作为广告显示器的建筑物玻璃或信息显示器属于此。
在此,复合板通常具有两个板,所述两个板被层压到中间层上。
尤其是挡风板经常被装备所谓的平视显示器(HUD)。利用典型地在仪表板的区域中的投影仪,图像被投影到挡风板上,在那里被反射并且由驾驶员(从所述驾驶员来看)在挡风板后面感知为虚拟图像。从而可以将重要信息投影到驾驶员的视野中,例如当前行驶速度、导航或警告提示,驾驶员可以感知所述重要信息,而不必将其视线从行车道上转开。因此,平视显示器可以显著地有助于提高交通安全性。
DE 10 2014 220 189 A1公开一种HUD投影装置,所述HUD投影装置以p偏振辐射被运行,以便产生HUD图像。由于入射角度典型地接近布儒斯特角(Brewsterwinkel)并且因此p偏振辐射仅在小的程度上被玻璃表面反射,所以挡风板具有反射结构,所述反射结构可以在驾驶员的方向上反射p偏振辐射。作为反射结构提出具有厚度为5 nm至9 nm、例如由银或铝制成的单独的金属层,所述金属层被施加在内板的背离载客汽车的内部空间的外侧上。
在US 2004/0135742A1中同样公开一种HUD投影装置,所述HUD投影装置以p偏振辐射被运行,以便产生HUD图像,并且具有反射结构,所述反射结构可以在驾驶员的方向上反射p偏振辐射。在US 5,882,774 A中公开的多层聚合物层被提出作为反射结构。
CN 113031276 A公开一种以p偏振辐射运行的HUD投影装置,所述HUD投影装置具有在复合板的内板的内部空间侧表面上的反射p偏振辐射的层。
WO 2019/179783 A1公开一种用于平视显示器的投影装置,所述投影装置至少包括复合板,所述复合板包括外板和内板,所述外板和内板经由热塑性中间层相互连接,所述复合板具有上边和下边和HUD区域;在外板或内板的朝向中间层的表面上或在中间层内的导电覆层;以及对准HUD区域的投影仪,其中投影仪的辐射至少具有p偏振分量,并且其中导电覆层在400 nm至650 nm的光谱范围中对于p偏振辐射仅具有单个局部反射最大值,所述反射最大值处于510 nm至550 nm的范围中。
WO 2019/046157 A1公开一种HUD投影装置,所述HUD投影装置以p偏振辐射被运行,以便产生HUD图像,所述HUD投影装置具有外板、楔形中间层和内板,其中反射p偏振辐射的覆层被涂敷在内板的外侧表面上。
CN 113071165 A公开一种HUD投影装置,所述HUD投影装置以p偏振辐射被运行,以便产生HUD图像,所述HUD投影装置具有外板、楔形中间层和内板,其中反射p偏振辐射的覆层被涂敷在外板的内部空间侧表面上并且反射增强覆层被涂敷在内板的内部空间侧表面上。
由于以p偏振辐射运行以产生HUD图像的HUD投影装置中的投影仪通常不以单独的射线而是作为以不同的角度射到复合板上的无数射线的射束发射p偏振辐射,所以并非由投影仪发射的整个辐射以布儒斯特角射到复合板的内板的内部空间侧表面上。这由于在复合板的内板的内部空间侧表面处的反射而导致低强度的第二图像并且由于在反射p偏振辐射的层处的反射而导致高强度的第一图像。对于观察者来说,两个图像彼此偏移地可见,类似于出现经典的重像。然而,在经典重像的情况下,在复合板的内板的内部空间侧表面处的反射拥有比在复合板内的反射更高的强度。
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务是提供一种用于平视显示器的改善的复合板和改善的投影装置。本发明的另一任务是说明一种制造方法。
根据本发明,本发明的任务通过根据独立权利要求所述的复合板、投影装置和方法来解决。优选的实施方案从从属权利要求中得知。
根据本发明的复合板包括外板、第一热塑性中间层、功能薄膜、第二热塑性中间层和内板。功能薄膜布置在外板和内板之间。第一热塑性中间层布置在外板和功能薄膜之间并且第二热塑性中间层布置在功能薄膜和内板之间。
根据本发明的复合板具有上边和下边以及两个侧边。用上边表示复合板的被设置用于在安装位置向上指向的那个边。用下边表示被设置用于在安装位置向下指向的那个边。如果复合板是机动车辆的挡风板,则上边经常也被称为车顶边,而下边经常也称为发动机边。
外板、内板、第一热塑性中间层、第二热塑性中间层和功能薄膜分别具有外侧表面和内部空间侧表面、上边、下边和两个侧边。用上边表示被设置用于在安装位置向上指向的那个边。用下边表示被设置用于在安装位置向下指向的那个边。在本发明的意义上,用外侧表面表示被设置用于在安装位置朝向外部环境的那个主面。在本发明的意义上,用内部空间侧表面表示被设置用于在安装位置朝向内部空间的那个主面。外板的内部空间侧表面和内板的外侧表面彼此朝向并且通过第一热塑性中间层和第二热塑性中间层相互连接。
外板的外侧表面被称为侧I。外板的内部空间侧表面被称为侧II。内板的外侧表面被称为侧III。内板的内部空间侧表面被称为侧IV。
根据本发明,功能薄膜是可用作HUD薄膜的反射薄膜,所述反射薄膜适用于反射射到薄膜上的p偏振辐射的至少5%、优选地10%至70%、特别优选地15%至60%、尤其是20%至50%。
功能薄膜尤其是适用于反射以入射角55°至80°、优选地55°至75°、特别优选地60°至70°射到薄膜上的p偏振辐射的至少5%、优选地10%至70%、特别优选地15%至60%、尤其是20%至50%。
由于功能薄膜如上描述的那样是可用作HUD薄膜的反射薄膜,因此不言而喻,功能薄膜适用于反射的p偏振辐射是可见光谱范围内、即在400 nm至780 nm的范围内的p偏振辐射。
根据本发明,第二热塑性中间层的厚度至少逐区段地可变。根据本发明,第二热塑性中间层的最大楔角α(alpha)为小于0.20 mrad。但是,楔角至少逐区段地具有有限的楔角,即大于0°的楔角。“逐区段地(abschnittsweise)”在这里指的是下边和上边之间的竖直走向具有至少一个区段,在所述区段中第二热塑性中间层的厚度与位置有关地改变。但是,厚度也可以在多个区段中改变或在整个竖直走向上改变。用竖直走向表示在下边和上边之间的具有基本上垂直于所述的边的走向方向的走向。
用楔角表示第二热塑性中间层的两个表面之间的角度。如果楔角不是恒定的,则可以在一点处使用表面的切线用于对所述楔角进行测量。
内板和外板彼此独立地具有基本上恒定的厚度。因此,所述内板和外板具有基本上矩形的横截面。因此内板和外板不是楔形玻璃板。
第一热塑性中间层具有基本上恒定的厚度。因此,所述第一热塑性中间层具有基本上矩形的横截面。因此,第一热塑性中间层不是楔形薄膜。
由于第二热塑性中间层具有最大楔角并且外板、第一热塑性中间层和内板拥有基本上恒定的厚度,因此根据本发明的复合板也具有最大楔角。不言而喻,根据本发明的复合板的最大楔角对应于第二热塑性中间层的最大楔角。
在本申请中,板或层的基本上恒定的厚度应被理解为板或层的厚度在正常制造公差的范围内在长度和宽度上是恒定的。这优选地意味着厚度改变不超过5%、优选地不超过3%。
在一种优选的实施方式中,第二热塑性中间层具有在0.01 mrad和0.19 mrad之间、特别优选地在0.12 mrad和0.15 mrad之间、例如0.12 mrad、0.14 mrad或0.15 mrad的最大楔角α。用最大楔角表示在中间层中出现的最大的楔角。
第二热塑性中间层的楔角在竖直走向上可以是恒定的,这导致第二热塑性中间层的线性厚度变化,其中厚度典型地从下向上变大。在该实施方式中,第二热塑性中间层因此具有楔形横截面。方向说明“从下向上”表示从下边到上边的方向,即竖直走向。但是,也可以存在更复杂的厚度分布图,其中楔角从下向上(也就是说在竖直走向上与位置有关地)可变,线性或非线性地可变。
第二热塑性中间层的厚度优选地在竖直走向上从下向上至少逐区段地增加。
第二热塑性中间层的可变厚度可以局限于竖直走向的区段。该区段优选地至少对应于复合板的所谓HUD区域,即在投影装置的情况下HUD投影仪产生图像的区域。但是,该区段也可以更大。第二热塑性中间层的厚度可以在整个竖直走向上可变,例如从下边到上边基本上持续地增加。
功能薄膜可以是具有反射覆层的载体薄膜或无金属的反射聚合物薄膜。反射覆层优选地被施加在内部空间侧表面、即朝向交通工具内部空间的表面上,并且优选地包括至少一个基于金属的层或具有交替折射率的纯介电层序列。基于金属的层优选地包含银和/或铝或由其组成。介电层序列优选地包含氮化硅、氧化硅和/或氧化锌。反射聚合物薄膜优选地包括介电聚合物层或由其组成。介电聚合物层优选地包含PET。该组成的功能薄膜适用于反射可见光谱范围内的射到该层上的p偏振辐射。
功能薄膜优选地是基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的薄膜,所述薄膜被涂覆有基于PET和/或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)的共聚物层堆叠。覆层优选地施加在内部空间侧表面、即朝向交通工具内部空间的表面上。合适的功能薄膜例如在US 5,882,774 A中得以描述。
功能薄膜可以是20 µm(微米)和2 mm之间、优选地20 µm和120 µm之间厚。功能薄膜的厚度在整个长度上基本上是恒定的,因此功能薄膜具有基本上矩形的横截面。因此,功能薄膜不是楔形薄膜。
第一热塑性中间层和第二热塑性中间层可以彼此独立地至少包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氨酯(PU)或其混合物或共聚物或衍生物或由其组成,优选地包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或由其组成。
第一热塑性中间层和第二热塑性中间层可以彼此独立地通过单独的薄膜构造,或者也可以通过多于一个的薄膜构造。
第一热塑性中间层和第二热塑性中间层可以是20 µm(微米)和2 mm之间厚。第一热塑性中间层的厚度在整个长度上基本上是恒定的,因此第一热塑性中间层具有基本上矩形的横截面。因此,第一热塑性中间层不是楔形薄膜。如上所述,第二热塑性中间层的厚度以小于0.20 mrad的最大楔角α在竖直走向上至少逐区段地可变。第二热塑性中间层因此是楔形中间层并且也可以被称为楔形薄膜。
根据本发明的小于0.20 mrad的最大楔角明显小于0.5 mrad范围内的针对常规复合板的楔角。具有仅小楔角的薄膜比具有较大楔角的薄膜成本更低并且可以更简单地制造。用于制造具有小楔角的薄膜的合适方法、诸如拉伸方法或挤出方法对于本领域技术人员是已知的。
HUD的像距越大,即虚拟图像距复合玻璃的距离越大,楔角就必须越小,以便避免双像。大的像距尤其是出现在所谓的“增强现实(Augmented Reality)”HUD情况下,其中不仅仅信息被投影到挡风板的受限区域上,而是外部环境的元素被包含在表示中。对此的示例是行人的标记、与前方行驶的交通工具的距离的显示或导航说明直接到行车道上的投影例如用于标记要选择的车道。
在一种特别优选的实施方式中,第二热塑性中间层是楔形拉伸的热塑性中间层。
在一种优选的实施方式中,第二热塑性中间层具有200μm至1000μm、优选地300μm至850μm的厚度,并且第一热塑性中间层具有20μm(微米)和2 mm之间、优选地10μm和120μm之间、特别优选地15μm和90μm之间、完全特别优选地20μm和75μm之间的厚度。对于第二热塑性中间层,厚度说明涉及最薄位置处的厚度。
在一种可替代的优选实施方式中,第一热塑性中间层具有200μm至1000μm、优选地300μm至850μm的厚度,并且第二热塑性中间层具有20μm(微米)和2 mm之间、优选地10μm和120μm之间、特别优选地15μm和90μm之间、完全特别优选地20μm和75μm之间的厚度。对于第二热塑性中间层,厚度说明涉及最薄位置处的厚度。
第一热塑性中间层和功能薄膜也可以作为所谓的双层存在,并且作为所述双层可以被引入到堆叠序列中用于制造根据本发明的复合板。也就是说,第一热塑性中间层和功能薄膜不必强制性地作为两个单独的层依次被引入到堆叠序列中,而是可以作为共同的双层被引入到堆叠序列中。
可替代地,第二热塑性中间层和功能薄膜也可以作为所谓的双层存在并且可以作为这种双层被引入到堆叠序列中用于制造根据本发明的复合板。也就是说,第二热塑性中间层和功能薄膜不必强制性地作为两个单独的层依次被引入到堆叠序列中,而是可以作为共同的双层被引入到堆叠序列中。
如上所述,第二热塑性中间层也可以通过多于一个的薄膜构造。在此,薄膜之一也可以与功能薄膜一起作为所谓的双层存在并且因此作为这种双层被引入到堆叠序列中用于制造根据本发明的复合板。在该实施方式中,双层和第二热塑性中间层的所述一个其他薄膜或多个其他薄膜依次被引入到堆叠序列中。
如上所述,在根据本发明的复合板中,功能薄膜布置在外板和内板之间。功能薄膜因此布置在复合板的内部中,并且以这种方式尤其是在HUD区域中例如被保护免受如划痕之类的损坏以及也免受指纹。
功能薄膜优选地在复合板的整个面上延伸或基本上在复合板的完整面上延伸。基本上在复合板的完整面上意味着在复合板的完整面减去例如20 mm的环绕式边缘区域。
功能薄膜特别优选地在复合板的整个面减去例如20 mm的环绕式边缘区域上延伸。如果复合板具有传感器窗,则功能薄膜优选地在传感器窗的区域中具有凹处(Aussparung)。
如上所述,第二热塑性中间层也可以通过多于一个的薄膜构造。在其中,薄膜中的至少一个必须被构造有楔角。
根据本发明的复合板可以附加地包括尤其是由深色、优选地黑色搪瓷制成的遮盖印刷物。遮盖印刷物尤其是外围的、即框架状遮盖印刷物,所述遮盖印刷物因此布置在环绕式边缘区域中,和/或是布置在围绕摄像机窗的区域中的遮盖印刷物。外围遮盖印刷物首先用作用于复合板的组装粘合剂的UV保护装置。遮盖印刷物可以构造为不透明的和整面的。遮盖印刷物也可以至少逐区段地是半透明的,例如作为点形光栅、条形光栅或方格光栅。可替代地,遮盖印刷物也可以具有梯度,例如从不透明覆盖物到半透明覆盖物。遮盖印刷物通常施加到外板的内部空间侧表面上或内板的内部空间侧表面上。
在一种优选的实施方式中,复合板具有传感器窗并且外板和/或内板在环绕式边缘区域中和在围绕传感器窗的区域中具有遮盖印刷物。
第一热塑性中间层和第二热塑性中间层也可以彼此独立地是具有声阻尼特性的中间层、反射红外辐射的中间层、吸收红外辐射的中间层、吸收UV辐射的中间层、至少逐区段地染色的中间层和/或至少逐区段地着色的中间层。因此,第一热塑性中间层或第二热塑性中间层例如也可以是带通过滤薄膜。
外板和内板优选地由玻璃制成,尤其是由钠钙玻璃制成,这对于窗板是常见的。但是原则上,板也可以由其他玻璃类型(例如硼硅玻璃、石英玻璃、铝硅玻璃)或透明塑料(例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚碳酸酯)制成。
外板和内板的厚度可以宽泛地变化,并且因此可以被适配于个别情况下的要求。外板和内板优选地具有0.5 mm至5 mm、特别优选地1 mm至3 mm、完全特别优选地1.6 mm至2.1 mm的厚度。特别优选地,外板具有2.1 mm的厚度并且内板具有1.2 mm或1.6 mm的厚度。但是,外板或尤其是内板也可以是具有例如0.55 mm或0.7 mm的厚度的薄玻璃。
外板和内板可以彼此独立地是清澈的和无色的,但也可以是着色的或染色的。在一种优选的设计方案中,通过复合玻璃的总透射大于70%。术语总透射涉及通过ECE-R 43附录3规定的用于检验机动车辆板的透光性的方法。
外板和内板可以彼此独立地是不预加应力的、部分预加应力的或预加应力的。如果板中的至少一个板应该具有预应力,则这可以是热或化学预应力。
外板和/或内板可以具有减反射覆层、防粘覆层、防划痕覆层、光催化覆层、可电加热覆层、遮阳覆层和/或低辐射覆层。
外板和内板的高度、即在挡风板的情况下复合板的车顶边和复合板的发动机边之间的距离优选地为0.8 m和1.40 m之间、特别优选地0.9 m和1.25 m之间。不言而喻,第一热塑性中间层、第二热塑性中间层和功能薄膜的高度从而优选地也为0.8 m和1.40 m之间、特别优选地0.9 m和1.25 m之间。
根据本发明的复合板可以是交通工具板。交通工具板被设置用于将交通工具内部空间与外部环境隔开。因此,交通工具板是插入到交通工具车身的窗口中或为此设置的窗板。根据本发明的复合板尤其是机动车辆的挡风板。
在交通工具板的情况下,用内板表示被设置用于在安装位置朝向交通工具的内部空间的那个板。用外板表示被设置用于在安装位置朝向交通工具的外部环境的那个板。
根据本发明的复合板优选地在空间的一个或多个方向上弯曲,如对于机动车辆板常见的那样,其中典型的曲率半径处于约10 cm至约40 m的范围内。但是,例如当复合玻璃被设置为用于公共汽车、列车或拖拉机的板时,所述复合玻璃也可以是平坦的。
本发明还涉及用于为观察者表示虚拟图像的平视显示器的投影装置,所述投影装置至少包括根据本发明的复合板和对准区域B的投影仪。
如在HUD情况下常见的那样,投影仪照射挡风板的区域,在此处辐射在观察者(驾驶员)的方向上被反射,由此产生虚拟图像,观察者从其来看在挡风板后面感知所述虚拟图像。挡风板的由投影仪可照射的区域B也被称为HUD区域。投影仪的射线方向典型地可以通过镜被改变,尤其是竖直地被改变,以便使投影适配于观察者的身高。在给定的镜位置情况下观察者的眼睛必须处于的区域被称为眼动范围窗。该眼动范围窗可以通过调整镜竖直地被移位,其中由此可达的整个区域(也就是说所有可能的眼动范围窗的叠加)被称为眼动范围(Eyebox)。位于眼动范围内的观察者可以感知虚拟图像。当然,这指的是观察者的眼睛必须处于眼动范围内,而不是例如整个身体处于眼动范围内。
在这里使用的来自HUD领域的专业术语对于本领域技术人员来说是众所周知的。对于详尽的描绘应该参照慕尼黑工业大学计算机科学研究所的Alexander Neumann的论文“Simulationsbasierte Messtechnik zur Prüfung von Head-Up Displays”(慕尼黑: 慕尼黑工业大学大学图书馆,2012),尤其是参照章节2“Das Head-Up Display(平视显示器)”。
根据本发明,投影仪的辐射具有至少70%的p偏振分量,并且由投影仪发射并且射到复合板的功能薄膜上的p偏振辐射的至少5%被功能薄膜在观察者的方向上反射用于以距复合板一距离地产生虚拟图像,其中第二热塑性中间层的厚度以小于0.20 mrad的最大楔角α在竖直走向上至少在该区域B中可变。
在投影仪的总辐射中的p偏振辐射的分量优选地为80%、特别优选地为100%。
偏振方向的说明在此涉及辐射在复合板上的入射平面。用p偏振辐射表示其电场在入射平面中振荡的辐射。用s偏振辐射表示其电场垂直于入射平面振荡的辐射。入射平面由入射矢量和复合板在被照射的区域的几何中心中的表面法线撑开。
在根据本发明的投影装置的一种优选的实施方式中,投影仪的辐射以55°至80°、优选地55°至75°、特别优选地60°至70°的入射角射到复合板上。该入射角相对接近用于空气玻璃过渡的布儒斯特角(57.2°,钠钙玻璃)。
不言而喻,投影仪的辐射处于电磁波频谱的可见光谱范围内。典型的HUD投影仪以大约470 nm、550 nm和630 nm(RGB)的波长工作。
在根据本发明的投影装置的一种优选实施方式中,由投影仪发射并且射到复合板的功能薄膜上的p偏振辐射的10%至70%、优选地15%至60%、特别优选地20%至50%被功能薄膜在观察者的方向上反射。
在一种优选的实施方式中,在根据本发明的投影装置情况下HUD的像距、即虚拟图像距复合板的距离为至少2500 mmm、优选地至少3500 mm、完全特别优选地至少4500 mm。像距也可以为10000 mm或更大。从而,像距例如可以为2500 mm、3000 mm、4500 mm或10000mm。
在根据本发明的投影装置的情况下,由于第二热塑性中间层的楔形构造,通过投影仪图像在内板的内部空间侧表面处和在功能薄膜处的反射而产生的两个图像相互被叠加。因此,不出现或仅在小的程度上出现干扰性重像。
根据本发明的复合板的上面描述的优选设计方案也相应地适用于根据本发明的投影装置,并且反之亦然。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造根据本发明的复合板的方法,其中至少
(a)提供外板、第一热塑性中间层、功能薄膜、第二层热塑性中间层和内板,所述功能薄膜适用于反射射到所述功能薄膜上的p偏振辐射的至少5%,所述第二热塑性中间层的厚度以小于0.20 mrad的最大楔角α在竖直走向上至少逐区段地可变;
(b)构成堆叠序列,其中所述功能薄膜布置在所述外板和所述内板之间,所述第一热塑性中间层布置在所述外板和所述功能薄膜之间,并且所述第二热塑性中间层布置在所述功能薄膜和所述内板之间;
(c)通过层压连接堆叠序列。
如果复合板应该是弯曲的,则在层压之前对外板和内板进行弯曲工艺。外板和内板优选地共同地(即同时地并且通过同一工具)完全一致地被弯曲,因为由此板的形状最优地彼此协调用于稍后进行的层压。例如,用于玻璃弯曲工艺的典型温度为500°C至700°C。
可以借助于常用的层压方法对堆叠序列进行层压。例如,可以在约10巴至15巴的提高的压力和130°C至145°C的温度下在约2小时内执行所谓的压蒸方法。可替代地,无压蒸方法也是可能的。本身已知的真空袋或真空环方法例如在约200毫巴和80°C至110°C下工作。
可替代地,可以使用真空层压机。这些真空层压机由一个或多个可加热和可抽真空的室组成,在所述室中第一板和第二板在0.01毫巴至800毫巴的减小的压力和80°C至170°C的温度下在例如约60分钟之内被层压。
根据本发明的复合板的上面描述的优选设计方案也相应地适用于用于制造根据本发明的复合板的方法,并且反之亦然。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的复合板作为用于陆上、空中或水上交通的运输工具中、尤其是机动车辆中的平视显示器的交通工具板并且尤其是在挡风板中、完全特别地用于机动车辆中的平视显示器的用途。
附图说明
下面根据附图和实施例更详细地阐述本发明。附图是示意图并且不是按正确比例的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。
图1示出根据本发明的复合板的一种实施方式的俯视图;
图2示出沿着切割线X-X'通过根据图1的复合板的横截面;
图3示出通过根据本发明的投影装置的一种实施方式的横截面;和
图4示出根据本发明的方法的一种实施方式的流程图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出根据本发明的复合板100的一种实施方式的俯视图,并且在图2中示出沿着切割线X-X'通过根据图1的复合板100的横截面。复合板100由外板1、第一热塑性中间层2、功能薄膜3、第二热塑性中间层4和内板5构建。功能薄膜3布置在外板1和内板5之间,第一热塑性中间层2布置在外板1和功能薄膜3之间,并且第二热塑性中间层4布置在功能薄膜3和内板5之间。外板1和内板5经由第一热塑性中间层2和第二热塑性中间层4相互连接,功能薄膜3布置在所述第一热塑性中间层2和第二热塑性中间层4之间。
图1和2中所示的复合板100例如是载客汽车的挡风板。在安装位置,外板1朝向外部环境,内板5朝向交通工具内部空间。复合板100的下边U向下在载客汽车的发动机的方向上布置,复合板100的上边O向上在车顶的方向上布置,两个侧边S侧向地布置。
外板1和内板5例如由钠钙玻璃组成。外板1例如具有2.1 mm的厚度,内板5例如具有1.6 mm或1.2 mm的厚度。
第一热塑性中间层2例如是由PVB组成的中间层并且具有75μm的厚度。第二热塑性中间层4的厚度在竖直走向上从下边U向上边O持续地增加。为了简单起见,厚度增加在图2中以线性方式示出,但是也可以具有更复杂的分布图(Profil)。第二热塑性中间层4由由PVB制成的单独的薄膜构造。楔角α约为0.1 mrad(毫拉德)、例如0.14 mrad或0.12 mrad,并且薄膜在最薄位置处的厚度为0.76 mm。
在图1中还表明区域B,所述区域B对应于复合板100的HUD区域。在该区域中,应该通过HUD投影仪产生图像。由于第二热塑性中间层4的楔形构造,通过投影仪图像在内板5的内部空间侧表面处和在功能薄膜3的内部空间侧表面处的反射而产生的两个图像相互被叠加。因此,不出现或仅在小的程度上出现干扰性重像。
在图1和图2中所示的复合板100的实施方式中,功能薄膜3例如是基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的反射薄膜,所述反射薄膜在内板的方向上被涂覆有基于PET和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)的共聚物层堆叠,并且适用于反射射到功能薄膜3上的p偏振辐射的20%至50%的分量。功能薄膜3例如具有20μm和120μm之间的厚度。
外板1、内板5、第一热塑性中间层2和第二热塑性中间层4具有相同的外部尺寸,使得外板1、内板5、第一热塑性中间层2和第二热塑性中间层4的侧边、上边和下边在通过复合板100透视时齐平地叠置。
在图1和2中所示的实施方式中,功能薄膜3在复合板100的整个面上延伸。然而,功能薄膜3优选地在复合板100的整个面减去20 mm的环绕式边缘区域上延伸,使得保护复合板中的功能薄膜免受外部影响。
图3示出根据本发明的投影装置101的横截面,所述投影装置包括来自图1和2的复合板100。除了复合玻璃100之外,该装置还包括对准区域B的投影仪7。在区域B(HUD区域)中,可以通过投影仪产生图像,由观察者8(交通工具驾驶员)将所述图像在复合板100的背离所述观察者的侧上感知为虚拟图像。区域B中的楔角导致内板5和功能薄膜3的彼此倾斜的表面,由此可以避免重像。
在图3中也绘入由投影仪7发射的两个p偏振光束的光路。光束C以布儒斯特角射到内板5的内部空间侧表面IV上。因此,投影角度对应于布儒斯特角。在那里,该光束射入复合板100中并且被折射,并且随后被功能薄膜3的内部空间侧表面反射,并且在内板5的内部空间侧表面IV处再次从复合板100射出,并且在那里再次被折射并且最终射到观察者8上。
光束D不以布儒斯特角射到内板5的内部空间侧表面IV上,而是在那里在观察者8的方向上被反射。
C1表示光束C在投影仪7和内板5的内部空间侧表面IV之间的光路。C2表示光束C在内板5的内部空间侧表面IV和功能薄膜3的内部空间侧表面之间的光路。C3表示光束C在功能薄膜3的内部空间侧表面和内板5的内部空间侧表面IV之间的光路。C4表示光束C在内板5的内部空间侧表面IV和观察者8之间的光路。
D1表示光束D在投影仪7和内板5的内部空间侧表面IV之间的光路。D2表示光束D在内板5的内部空间侧表面IV和观察者8之间的光路。
由于从光束C和D中形成的虚拟图像叠置,所以观察者8仅感知虚拟图像6。
图4示出根据本发明的用于制造根据本发明的复合板100的方法的一种实施方式的流程图。
该方法包括第一步骤S1,其中提供外板1、第一热塑性中间层2、功能薄膜3、第二热塑性中间层4和内板5,所述功能薄膜适用于反射射到功能薄膜3上的p偏振辐射的至少5%,所述第二热塑性中间层的厚度以小于0.20 mrad的最大楔角α在竖直走向上至少逐区段地可变。
在第二步骤S2中,构成堆叠序列,其中功能薄膜3布置在外板1和内板5之间,第一热塑性中间层2布置在外板1和功能薄膜3之间,并且第二热塑性中间层4布置在功能薄膜3和内板5之间。
在第三步骤S3中,通过层压连接堆叠序列。
附图标记列表:
1     外板
2     第一热塑性中间层
3     功能薄膜
4     第二热塑性中间层
5     内板
6     虚拟图像
7     投影仪
8     观察者
100   复合板
101   投影装置
I     外板1的外侧表面
II    外板1的内部空间侧表面
III   内板5的外侧表面
IV    内板1的内部空间侧表面
O     上边
U     下边
S     侧边
B     复合板的区域/HUD区域
C1    光路
C2    光路
C3    光路
C4    光路
D1    光路
D2    光路
α     楔角
X-X'  切割线。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于平视显示器(HUD)的复合板(100),所述复合板至少包括
-外板(1),
-第一热塑性中间层(2),
-功能薄膜(3),所述功能薄膜适用于反射射到所述功能薄膜(3)上的p偏振辐射的至少5%,
-第二热塑性中间层(4),所述第二热塑性中间层的厚度在竖直走向上至少逐区段地可变,以及
-内板(5),
其中所述功能薄膜(3)布置在所述外板(1)和所述内板(5)之间,
所述第一热塑性中间层(2)布置在所述外板(1)和所述功能薄膜(3)之间,
所述第二热塑性中间层(4)布置在所述功能薄膜(3)和所述内板(5)之间,
以及所述第二热塑性中间层(4)具有小于0.20 mrad的最大楔角(α)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合板(100),其中所述最大楔角(α)为0.01 mrad和0.19mrad之间、优选地0.12 mrad和0.15 mrad之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合板(100),其中功能薄膜(3)适用于反射射到所述薄膜上的p偏振辐射的10%至70%、优选地15%至60%、特别优选地20%至50%。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的复合板(100),其中所述功能薄膜(3)是具有反射覆层的载体薄膜或无金属的反射聚合物薄膜,优选地是基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的薄膜,所述基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的薄膜涂覆有基于PET和/或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)的共聚物层堆叠。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的复合板(100),其中所述第一热塑性中间层(2)和所述第二热塑性中间层(4)彼此独立地至少包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氨酯(PU)或其混合物或共聚物或衍生物或由其组成,优选地包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或由其组成。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的复合板(100),其中所述第二热塑性中间层(4)是楔形拉伸热塑性中间层。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的复合板(100),其中所述第二热塑性中间层(4)具有200μm至1000μm、优选地300μm至850μm的厚度,并且所述第一热塑性中间层(2)是10μm和120μm之间、特别优选地15μm和90μm之间、完全特别优选地20μm和75μm之间厚。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的复合板(100),其中所述外板(1)具有2.1 mm的厚度,并且所述内板(5)具有1.2 mm或1.6 mm的厚度。
9.一种用于为观察者(8)表示虚拟图像(6)的平视显示器(HUD)的投影装置(101),所述投影装置至少包括:
-根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的复合板(100),所述复合板具有HUD区域(B),以及
-对准所述区域(B)的投影仪(7),
其中所述投影仪(7)的辐射具有至少70%的p偏振分量,并且由所述投影仪(7)发射并且射到所述复合板(100)的功能薄膜(3)上的p偏振辐射的至少5%被所述功能薄膜(3)在所述观察者(8)的方向上反射用于以距所述复合板(100)一距离地产生虚拟图像(6),
并且其中所述第二热塑性中间层(4)的厚度以小于0.20 mrad的最大楔角(α)在竖直走向上至少在所述区域(B)中可变。
10.根据权利要求9所述的投影装置(101),其中所述投影仪(7)的总辐射中的p偏振辐射的分量为80%、优选地为100%。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的投影装置(101),其中所述投影仪(7)的辐射以55°至80°、优选地55°至75°、特别优选地60°至70°的入射角射到所述复合板(100)上。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的投影装置(101),其中由所述投影仪(7)发射并且射到所述复合板(100)的功能薄膜(3)上的p偏振辐射的10%至70%、优选地15%至60%、特别优选地20%至50%被所述功能薄膜(3)在所述观察者(8)的方向上反射。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的投影装置(101),其中所述虚拟图像(6)距所述复合板(100)的距离为至少2500 mm、优选地至少3500 mm、完全特别优选地至少4500 mm。
14.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的复合板(100)的方法,其中至少:
(a)提供外板(1)、第一热塑性中间层(2)、功能薄膜(3)、第二热塑性中间层(4)和内板(5),所述功能薄膜适用于反射射到所述功能薄膜(3)上的p偏振辐射的至少5%,所述第二热塑性中间层的厚度以小于0.20 mrad的最大楔角(α)在竖直走向上至少逐区段地可变;
(b)构成堆叠序列,其中所述功能薄膜(3)布置在所述外板(1)和所述内板(5)之间,所述第一热塑性中间层(2)布置在所述外板(1)和所述功能薄膜(3)之间,并且所述第二热塑性中间层(4)布置在所述功能薄膜(3)和所述内板(5)之间;
(c)通过层压连接所述堆叠序列。
15.一种根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的复合板(100)作为陆上、空中或水上交通的运输工具中、尤其是机动车辆中的交通工具板并且尤其是作为挡风板的用途,所述挡风板用作平视显示器的投影面。
CN202280004389.XA 2021-09-03 2022-08-30 用于平视显示器的复合板 Pending CN116075415A (zh)

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US5882774A (en) 1993-12-21 1999-03-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Optical film
US6952312B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2005-10-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Head-up display with polarized light source and wide-angle p-polarization reflective polarizer
DE102014220189B4 (de) 2014-10-06 2023-08-17 Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH Head-Up-Display und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines virtuellen Bilds mittels eines Head-Up-Displays und Verwendung von p-polarisiertem Licht in einem Head-Up-Display
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