CN116059252A - 用于预防或治疗肠炎和肠癌的药物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供用于预防或治疗肠炎和肠癌的药物。具体而言,本发明涉及羊水在制备治疗或预防对象的肠炎的药物中的应用,在制备预防对象的肠癌的药物中的应用,以及在制备用于激活Nrf2和抑制NF‑κB、以减轻对象肠粘膜屏障被破坏所引起的炎症和氧化损伤的药物中的应用;其中,所述羊水来自胚龄为5‑12天的鸡蛋,或者来自发育时期与所述胚龄的鸡蛋所处的发育时期相对应的鸡以外的其它禽类的蛋;或来自胎龄为8‑14天的啮齿类动物的胚胎,或来自发育时期与胎龄为8‑14天的啮齿类动物的发育时期相对应的啮齿类动物以外的其它非人哺乳动物的胚胎。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于预防或治疗肠炎和肠癌的药物。
背景技术
肠炎是细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫、或不明原因等引起的肠部炎症,包括小肠炎和结肠炎。临床表现主要有腹痛、腹泻、稀水便或黏液脓血便。肠炎按病程长短不同,分为急性和慢性两类。慢性肠炎病程一般在两个月以上,临床常见的有慢性细菌性痢疾、慢性阿米巴痢疾、血吸虫病、非特异性溃疡性结肠炎和限局性肠炎等。
溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种影响结肠和直肠的慢性、复发性炎症疾病,其特征是体重减轻(BW)、腹泻、结肠/直肠炎症、便血和溃疡。目前,UC的发病机制尚不完全清楚。然而,人们认为环境和遗传因素、氧化应激、结肠炎症、肠道微生物群失衡和粘膜免疫反应功能障碍都可能与该疾病的发展有关。结肠黏液层形成了外部环境与宿主内部环境之间的重要屏障,可以调节肠道菌群与免疫之间的相互作用。目前,UC的治疗药物,如皮质类固醇、硫嘌呤和氨基水杨酸,相对无效,且常导致严重不良事件。因此,开发一种更有效、毒性更小的治疗药物很有必要。
细胞氧化应激涉及一系列信号传导,可导致炎症性疾病的发生和进展。核转录因子Nrf2(nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2)是主要的转录因子,可与含有抗氧化反应元件(AREs)的基因结合,进而激活抗氧化相关基因,如NAD(P)H醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)等。据报道,Nrf2可以调节UC和结肠炎相关的肠癌的炎症反应。此外,另一项研究采用Nrf2激活剂缓解葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的慢性和急性结肠炎。Nrf2信号通路可以激活多个信号通路,在介导炎症和氧化应激中起着至关重要的作用。此外,Nrf2还可以通过抑制促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的生成发挥一定的抗炎作用。促炎细胞因子的过度表达被认为是活性氧(ROS)通过核因子-κB(NFκB)途径诱导UC炎症的突出特征。总体而言,同时靶向Nrf2和NFκB通路会是治疗和预防UC的有效策略。
发明内容
本发明第一方面提供羊水在制备治疗或预防对象的肠炎的药物中的应用;其中,所述羊水来自胚龄为5-12天的鸡蛋,优选胚龄为6-11天的鸡蛋,更优选胚龄为7-9天的鸡蛋,更优选胚龄为7-8天的鸡蛋,或者来自发育时期与所述胚龄的鸡蛋所处的发育时期相对应的鸡以外的其它禽类的蛋;或来自胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的胚胎,或来自发育时期与胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的发育时期相对应的啮齿类动物以外的其它非人哺乳动物的胚胎。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述肠炎为,包括但不限于,小肠炎和结肠炎。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述肠炎为慢性肠炎,包括慢性细菌性痢疾、慢性阿米巴痢疾、血吸虫病、非特异性溃疡性结肠炎和限局性肠炎等。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述肠炎为炎性肠病,包括但不限于,溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。
本发明第二方面提供羊水在制备预防对象的肠癌的药物中的应用;其中,所述羊水来自胚龄为5-12天的鸡蛋,优选胚龄为6-11天的鸡蛋,更优选胚龄为7-9天的鸡蛋,更优选胚龄为7-8天的鸡蛋,或者来自发育时期与所述胚龄的鸡蛋所处的发育时期相对应的鸡以外的其它禽类的蛋;或来自胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的胚胎,或来自发育时期与胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的发育时期相对应的啮齿类动物以外的其它非人哺乳动物的胚胎。
本发明第三方面提供羊水在制备用于,包括但不限于,激活Nrf2和抑制NF-κB、以减轻对象肠粘膜屏障被破坏所引起的炎症和氧化损伤的药物中的应用;其中,所述羊水来自胚龄为5-12天的鸡蛋,优选胚龄为6-11天的鸡蛋,更优选胚龄为7-9天的鸡蛋,更优选胚龄为7-8天的鸡蛋,或者来自发育时期与所述胚龄的鸡蛋所处的发育时期相对应的鸡以外的其它禽类的蛋;或来自胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的胚胎,或来自发育时期与胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的发育时期相对应的啮齿类动物以外的其它非人哺乳动物的胚胎。
附图说明
图1:给予小鼠3%DSS的无菌水7天,正常水7天,该过程中相关参数的变化情况:(A)鸡早期羊水(ceAF)改善DSS诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎的形态学症状结果,(B)小鼠体重,(C)结肠长度,(D)脾重和(E)疾病活动指数(DAI)。数据表示为平均值±SD;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。
图2:ceAF对DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的结肠结构和杯状细胞丰度产生治疗作用,小鼠主要器官无明显形态学损伤和异常。代表性切片的(A)H&E染色图像和(C)组织学评分。比例尺:200μm。(B)PAS染色的代表性图像。比例尺:100μm。
图3:ceAF通过调节DSS诱导的炎症反应和结肠屏障功能障碍,在DSS诱导的结肠炎中表现出抗炎和抗氧化活性。(A)蛋白质印迹评估结肠组织中NFκB p65、pIκB、IL6、Nrf2、HO-1、ZO-1和Occludin的表达,以GAPDH为内参。(B)使用GAPDH进行归一化后,NFκB p65、pIκB、IL6、Nrf2、HO-1、ZO-1和Occludin的相对表达强度。通过实时PCR测定结肠组织中(C)TNF-α、(D)IL-6、(E)IL-1β、(F)Nrf2、(G)HO-1、(H)Occludin和(I)ZO-1基因的mRNA的表达水平。M1巨噬细胞中对(J)CD68和(K)iNOS进行标记的激光共聚焦图像。比例尺:500μm。数据表示为平均值±SD;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,n=10。
图4:ceAF缓解了DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的氧化应激和炎症。化学色谱法检测结肠组织中(A)SOD、(B)GSH-Px、(C)MPO和(D)MDA的水平。ELISA法测量血清中促炎细胞因子(E)IL-6和(F)TNF-α的水平。(G、H)结肠组织切片的免疫染色。使用倒置荧光显微镜捕获所有代表性图像。数据表示为平均值±SD。*P<0.05、**P<0.01和***P<0.001;ns为无显著性差异,n=10。
图5:ceAF通过激活Nrf2和抑制NFκB通路来抑制LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞中的炎症和氧化应激。(A)不同浓度ceAF处理后RAW 264.7细胞活力。(B)ceAF对NFκB和Nrf2信号通路中相关蛋白的蛋白质印迹分析。检测TLR4、NFκB p65、pIκB、IL6、TNF-α、Keap1、Nrf2和HO-1的表达,以GAPDH为内参。(C)光密度测定法对(B)中显示的蛋白质印迹条带进行定量分析。数据显示为平均值±SD;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。
具体实施方式
应理解,在本发明范围中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成优选的技术方案。
本发明人发现,非人动物羊水能激活Nrf2和抑制NF-κB,从而可以减轻肠粘膜屏障破坏所引起的炎症和氧化损伤,因而可用于治疗或预防肠炎,以及预防与肠炎相关的肠癌。
本发明中,羊水可来自禽蛋和非人哺乳动物。禽蛋指禽类的蛋。优选的禽类为家禽,如鸡、鸭和鹅。优选的是,本发明使用胚龄在5-20天、优选6-15天的禽蛋。应理解,不同禽蛋,合适的胚龄未必相同。例如,当使用鸡蛋时,优选使用胚龄为5-12天的鸡蛋,更优选使用胚龄为6-11天的鸡蛋,更优选使用胚龄为7-9天的鸡蛋、更优选使用胚龄为7-8天的鸡蛋。当使用其它禽类的蛋时,可使用其发育时期与上述胚龄的鸡蛋所处的发育时期相对应的蛋。例如,当使用鸭蛋时,胚龄为8-10天、尤其是8-9天的鸭蛋可能是最好的。
可采用常规的方法获得禽蛋羊水。例如,可敲击相应胚龄的蛋的钝端,使蛋壳碎裂,将蛋壳剥开形成一个直径约为2厘米的口子。然后用镊子小心撕开壳膜和卵黄膜,注意不要破坏羊膜。将包裹着胚胎的羊膜和相连组织从壳中倾倒至培养皿中,用注射器刺入羊膜抽取羊水,直至羊膜紧贴胚胎,由此即可获得用于本发明的羊水。
本文中,羊水还可来自非人哺乳动物,尤其是啮齿类动物,如来自小鼠。其它非人哺乳动物可以是常见的家畜,例如牛、羊、狗、猫、猪等。在某些实施方案中,羊水来自胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的胚胎,或来自其发育时期与胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物所处的发育时期相对应的非人哺乳动物的胚胎。可采用常规的方法获得羊水。例如,用手术剪剪开怀孕8-14天的小鼠腹腔,小心取出并剪开子宫,用注射器刺入羊膜抽取羊水,直至羊膜紧贴胚胎,由此即可获得用于本发明的羊水。
应理解,必要时,可对羊水进行离心,以分离出可能含有的杂质,例如卵黄等,尽可能获得纯的羊水。离心后获得的上清液即为用于本发明的羊水。应理解的是,获取羊水的所有步骤都需在无菌条件下进行;另外,本文所示的“羊水”应指“纯”的羊水,即分离自禽蛋或非人哺乳动物胚胎的不含有禽蛋内或非人哺乳动物胚胎内其它成分、且也未被外源物质污染的羊水。纯的羊水可储存于-60℃以下的冰箱中,解冻后再使用。
本文所述的羊水可作为药物的活性成分,用于体内给予需要的对象。例如,可给予需要的对象有效量的本文所述的羊水,或含有所述羊水的药物组合物。
本文中,对象可以是动物,如哺乳动物,尤其是人。
本文中,从患病部位上看,肠炎包括小肠炎和结肠炎。按病程长短不同,肠炎分为急性和慢性两类。临床常见的慢性肠炎包括慢性细菌性痢疾、慢性阿米巴痢疾、血吸虫病、非特异性溃疡性结肠炎和限局性肠炎等。在一些实施方案中,肠炎是炎性肠病(IBD)。IBD是一种特殊的慢性肠道炎症性疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)等。UC是一种累及结直肠黏膜及黏膜下层为主的慢性非特异性、非感染性、炎症性肠道疾病。特点表现呈连续性、弥漫性分布,为直肠与结肠中的连续黏膜溃疡,起始于直肠,不同程度地扩展,最长可以蔓延到盲肠。UC是常见炎性肠疾病(IBD)的一种,与肠癌的发生相关。UC主要与免疫异常、基因变异相关,而感染、饮食、生活习惯、环境因素、精神情绪等则是必不可少的诱导因素。
研究发现,慢性溃疡性结肠炎可以并发肠癌。发生肠癌的原因可能与结肠粘膜慢性炎症刺激有关,一般认为在炎症增生的过程中,经过炎性息肉阶段发生癌变。因此,在一些实施方案中,本发明还涉及使用本文所述的非人动物羊水或药物组合物预防肠癌;所述肠癌与结肠粘膜慢性炎症刺激有关。
本发明特别优选的实施方案中,使用羊水,尤其是本文所述的禽蛋羊水,更优选是鸡蛋羊水用于治疗和预防UC,以及用于预防与结肠粘膜慢性炎症刺激有关的肠癌。
因此,本发明提供一种减轻肠炎的严重程度,或治疗和预防肠炎,或预防与结肠粘膜慢性炎症刺激有关的肠癌的方法,所述方法包括给予需要的对象有效量的本发明所述羊水、或含有所述羊水的药物组合物的步骤。还提供的是羊水在制备治疗或预防对象的肠炎、预防对象的与结肠粘膜慢性炎症刺激有关的肠癌、或用于激活Nrf2和抑制NF-κB、以减轻对象肠粘膜屏障被破坏所引起的炎症和氧化损伤的药物中的应用,以及用于治疗或预防肠炎、预防与结肠粘膜慢性炎症刺激有关的肠癌、或用于激活Nrf2和抑制NF-κB、以减轻肠粘膜屏障破坏所引起的炎症和氧化损伤的本文所述的羊水或其药物组合物。本文中,有效量是指可在受试者中实现治疗、预防、减轻和/或缓解疾病或病症的剂量。可根据患者年龄、性别、所患病症及其严重程度、患者的其它身体状况等因素确定治疗有效量。本文中,受试者或患者或对象通常指哺乳动物,尤其指人。本文中,治疗和预防具有本领域周知含义。
可直接使用本文所述的羊水或用于本文所述的方法和用途,给予需要的对象。给药方式可以是肠胃外给药,例如静脉注射给药。在某些实施方案中,可将治疗有效量的羊水与适量的注射用生理盐水、注射用水或葡萄糖注射液混匀,然后通过例如静脉内输注给药。
含有本文所述羊水的药物组合物通常还含有药学上可接受的辅料。本文中,“药学上可接受的辅料”是指在药理学和/或生理学上与受试者和活性成分相容的载体、稀释剂和/或赋形剂,包括但不限于:抗生素,保湿剂,pH调节剂,表面活性剂,碳水化合物,佐剂,抗氧化剂,螯合剂,离子强度增强剂、防腐剂、载剂、助流剂、甜味剂、染料/着色剂、增味剂、润湿剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、稳定剂、等渗剂、溶剂或乳化剂。在一些实施方案中,药学上可接受的辅料可以包括一种或多种非活性成分,包括但不限于:稳定剂、防腐剂、添加剂、佐剂、肠溶剂,或其它适宜的与药效化合物合用的非活性成分。给药的剂量和频次可根据具体的病情,患者的年龄和性别等情况由医护人员确定。通常,对于特定疾病的治疗,治疗有效量是指足以改善或以某些方式减轻与疾病有关的症状的药量。这样的药量可作为单一剂量施用,或者可依据有效的治疗方案给药。给药量也许可治愈疾病,但是给药通常是为了改善疾病的症状。一般需要反复给药来实现所需的症状改善。例如,对于给予人的剂量,通常可在1-200mL/次,可每天或每周注射给予。在某些实施方案中,给药频次可以是每天多次、每天二次、每二天、每三天、每四天、每五天或每六天给药一次,或每半个月给药一次,或者每月给药一次。
本文还提供一种药物组合物,该药物组合物含有本文所述的羊水,尤其是家禽的蛋中的羊水,更优选为胚龄为5-12天、更优选为6-11天、更优选6-9天、更优选7-8天的鸡蛋的羊水。药物组合物可以是-60℃以下冷冻保存羊水或其冻干试剂,例如冻干羊水。药物组合物中还可含有其它药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂,例如注射用生理盐水、注射用水或葡萄糖注射液等。优选地,药物组合物含有5-40%(v/v)或10%-35%的羊水,优选15-30%。
下文将以具体实施例的方式阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅仅是阐述性的,并不意图限制本发明的范围。实施例中所用到的方法、试剂和仪器,除非另有说明,否则为本领域常规的方法、试剂和仪器。
材料和方法
ceAF制备
受精卵在38±1℃、50%湿度条件下孵化,6~8天采自鸡卵。样品在2500g下离心20min后,上清液用0.22μm灭菌装置过滤,-80℃保存。
细胞培养
实验细胞为RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞系,来自中国科学院细胞库。细胞培养于含10%胎牛血清(美国Gibco)、青霉素100U/ml和链霉素100mg/mL(美国Gibco)的DMEM高糖培养基中,37℃,5%CO2温箱培养。Nrf2抑制剂ML385购自Selleckchem。脂多糖(LPS)购自Sigma。细胞以5×105/mL的密度接种于6孔板中,加入溶于二甲基亚砜(25μM)的ML385,37℃孵育12h,再加入2μg LPS(1μg/mL)和10%CEAF,37℃孵育12h。
细胞活力检测
细胞活力检测用CCK-8法在96孔板进行。饥饿12小时使细胞周期同步化后,分别用0、2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的ceAF处理细胞24h,然后用磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)重复洗涤细胞3次。然后,将不完全培养基(100μL)与CCK-8溶液(10μL)混合。酶联免疫仪选择450nm波长测定吸光度值。
实验动物及干预措施
C57BL/6J小鼠(雌性,7~8周龄)购自南京大学模型动物研究中心。将小鼠置于无特定病原体(SPF)环境中,环境温度22±1℃,相对湿度50±1%,光照/黑暗周期12/12h,随机分为5组(n=10):
(1)对照组:自由进食、饮水,灌胃蒸馏水;
(2)结肠炎组(DSS,葡聚糖硫酸钠):3%DSS的水溶液替代灌胃蒸馏水;
(3)小剂量ceAF治疗组(DSS+5%ceAF):饮用3%DSS的水溶液,5%ceAF灌胃;
(4)高剂量ceAF治疗组(DSS+ceAF):饮用3%DSS的水溶液,10%ceAF灌胃;
(5)大剂量ceAF组(蒸馏水+10%ceAF):自由进食,饮水,10%ceAF灌胃。
用3%DSS(w/v)饮水连续7d,诱导小鼠实验性结肠炎。为了进行治疗,小鼠从服用DSS的同一天开始,通过胃内插管连续12天接受ceAF治疗。正常对照组小鼠只喝无菌水。每天测量或观察小鼠的行为、体重、进食量和粪便状态。2周后处死小鼠,采集标本,-80℃保存。对结肠进行荧光染色。
评估体重、疾病活动指数(DAI)评分、肉眼溃疡评分、结肠长度在实验过程中,记录体重变化、粪便性状和大便潜血,计算疾病活动指数(DAI)评分。DAI评分通过记录体重减轻的程度、大便的稠度和粪便中的血量来评估疾病的严重程度。DAI评分为DAI=(减重评分+粪便性状评分+粪血评分)/3。体重下降根据体重下降百分比分为0(0分)、1~5%(1分)、5~10%(2分)、10~20%(3分)、>20%(4分)。在大便稠度方面,有正常颗粒(0分)、疏松大便(1分)、半成型大便(2分)、液体大便(3分)和腹泻(4分)。出血类型分为无血(0分)、微量(1分)、轻度隐血(2分)、明显隐血(3分)、大出血(4分)。接下来,将所有的分项分数相加,总分除以3,得出DAI分数(0到4分)。在立体显微镜下对结肠进行分析,根据之前描述的成熟评分方法提出的评分标准,对任何明显的损伤进行0-5分的评分,该评分方法考虑了炎症面积和溃疡的存在或不存在。肉眼溃疡评估标准为:0分,无溃疡,无炎症;1分,无溃疡,局部充血;2分,溃疡无充血;3分,只有一个部位的溃疡和炎症;4分,两个或两个以上的溃疡和炎症部位;5分,溃疡范围超过2cm。分离颈椎处死小鼠,切断盲肠至肛门的结肠并测量其长度。
苏木精—伊红(HE)和高碘酸-希夫(PAS)染色法
对于组织病理学评估,远端结肠部分用10%福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,并用HE染色。DSS诱导组织损伤的严重程度由组织学评分系统分级如下。根据损伤百分比分为无组织损伤(0分)、1-25%(1分)、26-50%(2分)、51-75%(3分)、76-100%(4分)。组织损伤的情况:粘膜(1分)、粘膜和粘膜下层(2分)、并超出粘膜下层(3分)。隐窝损伤程度:底部1/3损伤(1分)、底部2/3受损(2分)、只有上皮表面保持完整(3分)、整个隐窝和上皮的丧失(4分)。炎症程度:轻度(1分)、中度(2分)、重度(3分)。同时进行PAS染色,以测定粘液分泌细胞。
免疫印迹分析
使用RIPA缓冲液提取结肠组织,离心(5000×g,10min)获得蛋白。用BCA蛋白质测定试剂盒检测蛋白质浓度。通过10%SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离等量的蛋白质(30μg),转移至硝酸纤维素膜,并在5%BSA缓冲液中封闭90min。4℃下用TLR4、pIR4、IL6、NF64 p65、TNF-α、Keap1、ZO-1、Occludin、HO-1和Nrf2一抗(1:1000稀释)孵育过夜后,用TBS-T(pH7.4)冲洗膜3次6分钟,再用HRP标记的抗山羊二抗(1:40000稀释)孵育90min。TBS-T冲洗3次6分钟后,所有膜均用immobilon western化学发光HRP底物进行可视化。每种蛋白表达水平以内参GAPDH进行归一化。
细胞因子水平和抗氧化活性的评估
使用商业ELISA试剂盒检测血清中TNF-α和IL-6的水平。另一方面,于4℃切除结肠并均质后,使用BCA蛋白质测定试剂盒评估总蛋白质含量。使用色谱法测定结肠组织中GSH-Px、MDA、MPO和SOD的活性。
RNA提取和mRNA表达分析
按照FastPure细胞/组织总RNA分离试剂盒中的使用说明书提取总RNA。为了制备cDNA,使用PrimeScript实时预混液对RNA样品(500ng)进行cDNA合成。使用AppliedBiosystems Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix试剂在实时荧光定量PCR系统QuantStudio 5上对样品进行实时PCR测定。每个靶基因的相对表达均使用GAPDH进行归一化。表1列出了目的基因的引物序列(SEQ ID NO:1-16)。测量每个反应的临界阈值循环(CT)值和相对mRNA浓度(E=2-ΔΔCt)。
表1:RT-qPCR引物序列
免疫荧光(IF)检测
使用4%多聚甲醛固定结肠组织,然后用石蜡包埋。使用二甲苯对组织载玻片进行脱蜡,然后通过降低酒精浓度将其极化并使用去离子水洗涤。使用牛血清白蛋白(1%)封闭1h;然后,使用一抗(4℃)将玻片孵育过夜。之后,使用Alexa Flour 488或594标记的二抗进行染色。二抗孵育完毕后,DAPI溶液对细胞核进行染色,整个操作在避光条件下进行。使用Leica DMIRE2激光共聚焦扫描显微镜捕捉图像。
统计分析
所有测试结果均由GraphPad Prism v6.0进行统计分析,数据表示为平均值±标准差。采用双向方差分析和最小显著差异法来比较组间差异。显著性水平P值设置为<0.05、<0.01和<0.001。
结果
1.ceAF对DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠症状的缓解作用
为了评估ceAF对DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的潜在保护作用,按上述方法处理小鼠以建立结肠炎模型(图1,A)。体重减轻、大便稠度和出血都是DSS诱导的结肠炎的显著症状。观察体重下降、DAI、结肠长度和肠道损伤情况。开始摄入DSS 5天后,小鼠的体重显著减少,而ceAF则缓解了这一趋势(图1,B)。结肠长度是肠炎严重程度的另一个可重复的间接指标。与对照组相比,饮用含有DSS的小鼠结肠长度显著缩短。令我们惊讶的是,补充ceAF显著逆转了暴露于DSS的小鼠的结肠缩短(图1,C)。还观察到DSS导致脾脏增大并伴有炎症改变。然而,ceAF治疗能够抑制DSS诱导的脾肿大(图1,D)。连续使用ceAF可改善结肠炎组大鼠粪便性状、隐血、甚至化脓性血样粪便的改变。与只喝水的小鼠相比,暴露于DSS的小鼠的DAI评分(结肠炎症严重程度的一个指数)增加,服用ceAF明显改善了这些症状(图1,E)。总体而言,这些观察结果表明,摄入ceAF能有效地缓解结肠炎的发展,10%浓度的ceAF比5%的ceAF有更好的治疗效果。
2.ceAF改善DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的组织学参数
我们通过组织病理学分析进一步证实了ceAF对DSS诱导的结肠炎的影响。溃疡性结肠炎急性期表现出大量的组织学特征,包括粘膜糜烂、隐窝缩短、水肿、粘膜和固有层炎症细胞浸润。H&E染色切片的数据显示结肠组织的形态结构明显不同。与对照组相比,DSS组小鼠结肠粘膜损伤严重,组织结构丢失,上皮糜烂严重,腺体数量明显减少,炎性细胞浸润明显。相反,用5%或10%ceAF治疗的小鼠急性UC炎症症状减轻(图2,A)。给予ceAF还可降低DSS诱导的结肠炎的组织学评分(图2,C),表明ceAF对炎症诱导的小鼠肠道损伤具有显著的保护作用。
PAS染色用于评估结肠粘液层中杯状细胞的丰度和完整性,粘液层是保护肠道的主要屏障。与对照组相比,DSS显著降低了结肠炎组小鼠杯状细胞的丰度,在出现炎症的区域没有粘液层(图2,B)。令我们惊讶的是,用ceAF治疗结肠炎的小鼠显著增加了杯状细胞的丰度和形态学改善,杯状细胞健康指向产生更多的粘液(图2,B)。这些恢复可能归因于上皮杯状细胞的保存,这些细胞产生各种粘蛋白,是减少组织损伤的主要原因。此外,更高浓度的ceAF似乎显示出更好的治疗效果。
3.口服ceAF后DSS诱导的炎症反应和结肠屏障功能障碍的恢复
Nrf2途径通过调节一系列解毒酶和抗氧化蛋白,包括HO-1、SOD和GSH-Px,而在细胞防御系统中起着重要作用,该调节导致肠炎症和氧化应激的风险降低。HO-1是血红素分解代谢的限速酶,具有内源性防御机制。Nrf2的激活正向调节HO-1的转录,对于降低胃肠道炎症和氧化应激的风险至关重要。NF-κB是一种氧化还原敏感的转录因子,对炎症、先天免疫和维持组织完整性非常重要,它调节多种致炎因子的表达,如IL-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α、环氧合酶-2和趋化因子。这些细胞因子最终诱导局部炎症和免疫功能障碍,这些变化触发正反馈循环,导致炎症的发展,导致肠粘膜损伤。
为了探讨上述治疗作用的可能机制,我们采用Western blot和实时荧光定量PCR方法检测了ceAF给药后小鼠肠道组织中细胞因子的蛋白和mRNA表达水平。与对照组相比,DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠NF-κB p65、PIκB、IL-6、TNF-α的表达显著增加,而Nrf2和HO-1的表达显著降低(图3,A和B)。有趣的是,ceAF治疗后这些典型的炎症和氧化应激指标的表达明显下调(图3,A和B)。与蛋白质表达一致,ceAF处理在mRNA水平上显著抑制了这些典型指标(图3,C-G)。DSS处理组与对照组相比,ZO1和occludin蛋白表达显著降低,表明紧密连接(TJ)结构被破坏。相反,用ceAF处理完全逆转了这些蛋白的表达水平(图3,A、H和I)。总而言之,10%ceAF的保护效力优于5%ceAF。采用免疫荧光染色检测了用10%ceAF处理后的结肠组织的M1巨噬细胞。结果显示,10%ceAF处理显著降低了M1巨噬细胞的数量(图3,J和K)。
4.ceAF调节参与DSS诱导的实验性结肠炎的氧化应激反应的酶和炎性细胞因子
结肠炎(UC)的特征是各种炎症细胞因子(如IL-1β、IL6和TNF-α)的持续性表达和氧化应激的积累。使用抗氧化酶能通过靶向GSH-Px、MDA、MPO和SOD而有效地抗炎症相关的疾病。
与对照组相比,DSS诱导结肠组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著降低(图4,A和B)。相反,DSS处理后,MDA和MPO活性被激活,但胃内插管灌胃10%ceAF能够显著逆转DSS介导的改变(图4,C和D)。此外,与对照小鼠相比,结肠炎小鼠中IL-6和TNF-α的血清水平显著上调。但是,这种上调被10%ceAF显著抑制(图4,E和F)。免疫荧光(IF)分析的结果(图4,G和H)与上述Western blot的结果(图3,A)一致。我们的研究显示,ceAF可能通过激活Nrf2和抑制NF-κB信号通路直接抑制促炎细胞因子的上调和氧化应激。
5.ceAF通过NF-κB和NRF2信号通路减轻脂多糖(LPS)刺激的RAW264.7细胞的炎症和氧化应激
Nrf2缺陷能加剧多种疾病动物模型(如肺气肿、胸膜炎和败血症)中的肠炎,表明其在介导炎症反应和氧化应激方面起到至关重要的作用。在评估抗炎和抗氧化药物对靶细胞的疗效时,生物相容性是一重要的考虑因素。因此,通过测量被处理的细胞的存活率测定ceAF的体外细胞毒性。
我们的研究表明:ceAF在浓度低于10%时表现出更好的生物相容性(图5,A)。然而,当ceAF浓度超过40%时,细胞存活率显著下降(图5,A)。因此,我们研究了用或不用10%ceAF处理的脂多糖刺激的RAW 264.7细胞中与炎症和氧化应激相关的后续蛋白表达。脂多糖显著上调RAW 264.7细胞TLR4、PIκB、NFκB p65、IL 6、TNF-α和Keap1的表达水平,降低Nrf2和HO1的表达水平(图5,B和C),表明脂多糖显著激活了这些与炎症和氧化应激相关的信号通路。有趣的是,用10%的ceAF处理后,这些蛋白的表达明显逆转。为了进一步确定ceAF对内毒素刺激的RAW 264.7细胞的拮抗作用的潜在机制,我们使用了Nrf2抑制剂(ML385)进行了实验。我们发现ML385有效地抑制了Nrf2的活性,而ceAF对内毒素刺激的RAW264.7细胞的这些炎症和氧化应激的影响可以被ML385的预处理所抵消。因此,我们证明ceAF可能通过激活Nrf2和抑制NF-κB而直接抑制促炎细胞因子的上调和氧化应激。
结论
综上所述,我们的数据显示ceAF在宏观和组织学参数上都能减轻DSS(葡聚糖硫酸钠)诱导的结肠炎的严重程度。此外,ceAF还通过调节Nrf2和NF-κB信号通路,减轻肠粘膜屏障破坏所引起的炎症和氧化损伤。
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Claims (10)
1.羊水在制备治疗或预防对象的肠炎的药物中的应用;其中,所述羊水来自胚龄为5-12天的鸡蛋,或者来自发育时期与所述胚龄的鸡蛋所处的发育时期相对应的鸡以外的其它禽类的蛋,或来自胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的胚胎,或来自发育时期与胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的发育时期相对应的啮齿类动物以外的其它非人哺乳动物的胚胎。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述羊水来自胚龄为6-11天的鸡蛋。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述羊水来自胚龄为7-9天的鸡蛋,更优选胚龄为7-8天的鸡蛋。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肠炎为小肠炎和结肠炎。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肠炎为慢性肠炎,包括慢性细菌性痢疾、慢性阿米巴痢疾、血吸虫病、非特异性溃疡性结肠炎和限局性肠炎。
6.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肠炎为炎性肠病,包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。
7.羊水在制备预防对象的肠癌的药物中的应用;其中,所述羊水来自胚龄为5-12天的鸡蛋,或者来自发育时期与所述胚龄的鸡蛋所处的发育时期相对应的鸡以外的其它禽类的蛋,或来自胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的胚胎,或来自发育时期与胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的发育时期相对应的啮齿类动物以外的其它非人哺乳动物的胚胎。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述羊水来自胚龄为6-11天的鸡蛋,优选胚龄为7-9天的鸡蛋,更优选胚龄为7-8天的鸡蛋。
9.羊水在制备用于激活Nrf2和抑制NF-κB、以减轻对象肠粘膜屏障被破坏所引起的炎症和氧化损伤的药物中的应用;其中,所述羊水来自胚龄为5-12天的鸡蛋,或者来自发育时期与所述胚龄的鸡蛋所处的发育时期相对应的鸡以外的其它禽类的蛋,或来自胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的胚胎,或来自发育时期与胎龄为8-14天的啮齿类动物的发育时期相对应的啮齿类动物以外的其它非人哺乳动物的胚胎。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述羊水来自胚龄为6-11天的鸡蛋,优选胚龄为7-9天的鸡蛋,更优选胚龄为7-8天的鸡蛋。
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EP22886104.3A EP4424317A1 (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2022-10-28 | Medicine for preventing or treating enteritis and intestinal cancer |
CA3236545A CA3236545A1 (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2022-10-28 | Medicine for preventing or treating enteritis and intestinal cancer |
AU2022374290A AU2022374290A1 (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2022-10-28 | Medicine for preventing or treating enteritis and intestinal cancer |
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