CN115993150A - A full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a full-size single wood crown fire experiment measurement system, include: the device comprises a constant-temperature drying room, a fixed weighing platform, a controllable synchronous ignition device, a flame measurement system, an image measurement system, a flying fire particle collection device and a data acquisition system; the constant-temperature drying rooms are independently arranged and used for controlling the water content of the tree crowns in the initial experiment; the fixed weighing platform is used for fixing the trunk of the tree and recording the quality of the tree in the crown fire combustion process; the controllable synchronous ignition device is arranged above the fixed weighing platform through an independent support frame; the flame measuring system is independently arranged beside the fixed weighing platform and is provided with measuring equipment; the flying fire particle collecting device comprises a water disc arranged below a burner of the controllable synchronous ignition device and a water disc arranged around the fixed weighing platform; the image measurement system comprises a plurality of cameras which are arranged around the fixed weighing platform; the data acquisition system comprises data processing equipment, a signal synchronizer and an electric signal acquisition cabinet.

Description

A full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of canopy fire experiments, in particular to a full-scale measurement system for single-tree canopy fire experiments.

Background technique

Canopy fire is a common large-scale extreme fire behavior in forest fires. Compared with ordinary surface fires, tree canopy fuel is vertically distributed at a relatively low accumulation rate, and the burning rate is extremely fast, which will produce great fire line intensity and flames. high. The generated flying fire particles will be transported outside the fire area under the action of ambient wind, further expanding the burning area, and bringing great difficulties to fire extinguishing and personnel rescue, so it is very important for the research of crown fire.

For the research of crown fire, in the past, experimental measurements were mainly carried out under field conditions, but the experimental uncertainty of this method is high, the cost is high, and the experimental data obtained are difficult to carry out in-depth scientific research. Therefore, the current scientific research on canopy fire begins with a single tree. Correspondingly, there are many experimental devices for studying single tree canopy fire at the laboratory scale, which can measure the temperature, radiative heat flux and mass loss of canopy fire.

However, the existing experimental devices cannot measure the spatial distribution of the canopy fuel, only collect the external flying fire particles, and there are errors in the ignition method, so that the collected experimental data is incomplete and affects the repeatability of the experiment, which leads to simple quantification. analyze.

Contents of the invention

Based on the above deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a full-scale single-tree crown fire experimental measurement system to solve the problem that the experimental results obtained by the existing devices are not complete and consistent.

In order to achieve the above object, the application provides the following technical solutions:

This application provides a full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, including:

Constant temperature drying room, fixed weighing platform, controllable synchronous ignition device, flame measurement system, image measurement system, flying fire particle collection device and data acquisition system;

The constant temperature drying room is arranged independently, and is used to control the moisture content of the canopy in the initial stage of the experiment;

The fixed weighing platform is used to fix the trunk of the tree after drying and record the quality of the tree during the crown fire burning process;

The controllable synchronous ignition device is arranged above the fixed weighing platform through an independent support frame, and is used to ignite the crowns of the trees fixed on the fixed weighing platform;

The flame measurement system is independently arranged beside the fixed weighing platform, and is equipped with a plurality of measuring devices for measuring the flame temperature, velocity and radiant heat flux during the canopy fire combustion process;

The flying fire particle collection device includes a square water tray arranged under the burner of the controllable synchronous ignition device and a plurality of strip-shaped water trays respectively placed around the fixed weighing platform; wherein, the square There is an opening in the middle of the water tray so as not to contact the trunk fixed on the fixed weighing platform;

The image measurement system includes a plurality of cameras centered on the fixed weighing platform and arranged around the fixed weighing platform;

The data acquisition system includes a data processing device, a signal synchronizer and an electrical signal acquisition chassis; wherein, the signal output port of the signal synchronizer is connected to each of the cameras and the electrical signal acquisition chassis, and each of the cameras and the electrical signal acquisition chassis The data output port of the electrical signal acquisition box is connected to the data processing device.

Optionally, in the above-mentioned full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, the constant temperature drying room includes:

The main body of the constant temperature drying room, hot air blower, dehumidifier and axial flow fan;

Wherein, the skeleton of the main body of the constant temperature drying room is a stainless steel frame, and the ground and walls are composed of fire-proof and heat-insulating cloth;

The hot air blower is placed outside the main body of the constant temperature drying room, and its air outlet is connected to the main body of the constant temperature drying room through an air guide pipe, and the high temperature hot air is delivered to the main body of the constant temperature drying room, and the hot air blower is connected with the installation The temperature measuring probe in the main body of the constant temperature drying room is connected to control the temperature in the main body of the constant temperature drying room based on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring probe;

The dehumidifier and the axial flow fan are independently installed in the main body of the constant temperature drying room, and are used to reduce the humidity inside the main body of the constant temperature drying room and accelerate the gas convective diffusion rate.

Optionally, in the above-mentioned full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, the fixed weighing platform includes:

Single wooden base support, weighing device and insulation cotton;

The weighing device includes a universally adjustable foot, a load cell, a housing frame, and a data transmitter;

The heat insulation cotton is made of aluminum silicate ceramic fiber, and is arranged between the single wooden base support and the weighing device;

The single wooden base support includes a square steel plate and a cylinder fixed at the center of the square steel plate by a screw; wherein, a transverse screw is provided on the side of the cylinder for fixing the tree trunk placed in the cylinder.

Optionally, in the above-mentioned full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, the controllable synchronous ignition device includes:

Support frame, burner, electronic igniter, and electronic valve;

The support frame includes an adjustable base located on both sides of the fixed weighing platform and a support cross bar arranged on the adjustable base and spanning above the fixed weighing platform;

The burner is arranged on the support bar and is composed of a plurality of concentric annular gas burners with different diameters, and the center of the burner is in the same vertical direction as the center of the single wooden base support; wherein , the air inlets of each of the annular gas burners are connected to the same air intake pipe through adapters, and spherical valves are installed at the air inlets of each of the annular gas burners;

The electronic valve is arranged on the air intake pipe;

The electronic igniter is arranged on any one of the annular gas burners.

Optionally, in the above-mentioned full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, the controllable synchronous ignition device further includes:

Separate movable fire baffle;

The separate mobile fire baffle includes two slide rails fixed on both sides of the fixed weighing platform and stainless steel sliding baffles respectively placed on each of the slide rails; wherein, the two sliding baffles The side of the board close to the fixed weighing platform is provided with a semicircular notch, and the side away from the fixed weighing platform is provided with a traction rope.

Optionally, in the above-mentioned full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, the flame measurement system includes:

A fixed bracket installed beside the fixed weighing platform and a plurality of measuring devices; wherein the measuring devices include thermocouples, pitot tubes and bolometers;

The fixed support includes a telescopic column, a column base, a fixing clip, a plurality of cross bars and a steel wire rope;

The telescopic column is installed on the base of the column through a screw;

Each of the crossbars is installed on the telescopic column through the fixing clip, and the end of each of the crossbars is fixed and limited by the steel wire rope;

Each of the measuring devices is installed on each of the cross bars or on the telescopic column through the fixing clip.

Optionally, in the above-mentioned full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, the image measurement system further includes:

Calibration plate; wherein, the calibration plate is arranged beside the fixed weighing platform, and is coated with black and white checkerboard grids of uniform size, and is used to assist each of the cameras to acquire parameters.

This application provides a full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, including a constant temperature drying room, a fixed weighing platform, a controllable synchronous ignition device, a flame measurement system, an image measurement system, a flying fire particle collection device and a data acquisition system. Among them, the constant temperature drying room is arranged independently, and is used to control the moisture content of the crown of the trees used for the experiment in the initial stage of the experiment. The fixed weighing platform is used to fix the trunk of the tree and record the quality of the tree during the canopy fire burning process. The controllable synchronous ignition device is set above the fixed weighing platform through an independent support frame, and is used to measure the weight of the tree on the fixed weighing platform. The canopies of the trees on the platform are ignited. The flame measurement system is independently set beside the fixed weighing platform, and is equipped with multiple measuring devices for measuring the flame temperature, velocity and radiant heat flux during the combustion process of the canopy fire. The flying fire particle collection device includes a square water pan arranged under the burner of the controllable synchronous ignition device and a plurality of strip-shaped water pans respectively placed around the fixed weighing platform. Among them, there is an opening in the middle of the square water tray to avoid contact with the trunk fixed on the fixed weighing platform, so that the flying fire particles at the bottom of the canopy during the burning process can be collected through the square water tray, and can be collected through the long strip water tray. Flying fire particles around, realize the comprehensive collection of flying fire particles. The image measurement system includes a fixed weighing platform as the center and multiple cameras arranged around the fixed weighing platform to realize the spatial distribution measurement of the canopy fuel and the three-dimensional shape measurement of the flame. The data acquisition system includes data processing equipment, a signal synchronizer and an electrical signal acquisition chassis; wherein, the signal output ports of the signal synchronizer are connected to each camera and the electrical signal acquisition chassis, and the data output ports of each camera and the electrical signal acquisition chassis are connected to Data processing equipment to realize data synchronization and timely processing.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system that the embodiment of the application provides;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system provided by another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed weighing platform provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a constant temperature drying room provided in the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a burner provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing clip provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application.

In this application, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any relationship between these entities or operations. an actual relationship or order. Moreover, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements but also items not expressly listed other elements, or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.

The embodiment of the present application provides a full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, as shown in Figure 1, including:

Constant temperature drying room 101, fixed weighing platform 102, controllable synchronous ignition device 103, flame measurement system 104, image measurement system 105, flying fire particle collection device 106 and data acquisition system 107.

Among them, the constant temperature drying room is arranged independently, and is used to control the moisture content of the crown of the trees used for the experiment in the initial stage of the experiment. Since the constant temperature drying room only adjusts the moisture content of the crown of the tree at the initial node of the test to ensure that its moisture content meets the experimental requirements, it is not allowed to cooperate with other components of the system, so it is arranged independently . And other fixed weighing platforms 102, controllable synchronous ignition device 103, flame measurement system 104, image measurement system 105, flying fire particle collection device 106 and data acquisition system 107, because all are used in the canopy burning process, therefore need common Make arrangements.

Specifically, the fixed weighing platform 102 is used for fixing the trunk of the dried tree and recording the mass of the tree during the crown fire burning process. Since in the embodiment of the present application, the experiment is mainly performed on one tree, this tree is the single tree used for the experiment.

The fixed weighing platform 102 is used to weigh objects, so the single tree can be fixed on the fixed weighing platform 102 by fixing the trunk of the single tree, and its weight can be measured by the fixed weighing platform 102 . Because during the whole experiment process, the single tree is all fixed on the fixed weighing platform 102, so the weighing platform 102 can record the weight of the single tree in the crown fire burning process in real time during the experiment.

The controllable synchronous ignition device 103 is arranged above the fixed weighing platform 102 through an independent support frame, and is used for igniting the crowns of trees fixed on the fixed weighing platform 102 .

Because the effect of controllable synchronous ignition device 103 is exactly to ignite the canopy of trees, and trunk is fixed on the fixed weighing platform 102, so controllable synchronous ignition device 103 should be arranged on the top of fixed weighing platform 102, to be able to The canopy of the trees fixed on the fixed weighing platform 102 is ignited. However, in order to prevent the controllable synchronous ignition device 103 from affecting the measurement of its dynamic quality during tree burning, it is necessary to set the controllable synchronous ignition device 103 above the fixed weighing platform 102 through an independent support frame, thereby separating the two .

The flame measurement system 104 is independently arranged beside the fixed weighing platform 102, and is equipped with a plurality of measuring devices for measuring the flame temperature, velocity and radiant heat flux during the crown fire combustion process.

The flying fire particle collection device 106 includes a square water pan arranged under the burner of the controllable synchronous ignition device 103 and a plurality of strip-shaped water pans respectively placed around the fixed weighing platform 102 .

Wherein, an opening is arranged in the middle of the square water tray, so as not to contact with the tree trunk fixed on the fixed weighing platform. In order to collect the flying fire particles directly below the single wood during the combustion process, a square water pan needs to be set directly below the single wood, that is, it needs to be set between the burner of the controllable synchronous ignition device 103 and the fixed weighing platform 102 . In order to avoid affecting the fixing of the single wood and avoiding contact with the single wood, which will affect the measurement of its weight, it is necessary to open a hole in its center.

Optionally, and in order to avoid measuring the weight of the fixed weighing platform 102, and to avoid adding additional support components, the square water pan can be fixed on the support frame of the controllable synchronous ignition device 103, and then the controllable synchronous The burner of the ignition device 103 is arranged on the square water tray, so that no additional supporting frame is required.

Optionally, in order to determine the distribution of flying fire particles falling on the square water tray in various directions, the square water tray can be evenly divided into multiple parts, that is, the square water tray is composed of multiple parts of equal size, For example, it can be evenly divided into four sections.

In addition to collecting the flying fire particles at the bottom, in order to collect the flying fire particles falling around during the single wood burning process, in the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of long strips of water are also set around the fixed weighing platform 102. The pan is placed against the four sides of the fixed weighing platform 102. For example, specifically four strip-shaped water pans can be set.

The image measurement system 105 includes a plurality of cameras centered on the fixed weighing platform 102 and arranged around the fixed weighing platform.

Optionally, a plurality of cameras may be arranged in a semicircle at multiple viewing positions on one side of the canopy with the fixed weighing platform 102 as the center.

The data acquisition system 107 includes a data processing device 108 , a signal synchronizer 109 and an electrical signal acquisition chassis 110 .

Wherein, the signal output port of the signal synchronizer 109 is connected to each camera and the electrical signal acquisition chassis 110 , and the data output port of each camera and the electrical signal acquisition chassis 110 is connected to the data processing device 108 .

Optionally, the data processing device 108 may be an electronic device with data processing capabilities such as a desktop computer or a notebook.

The embodiment of the present application provides a full-scale single-tree crown fire experimental measurement system, including a constant temperature drying room, a fixed weighing platform, a controllable synchronous ignition device, a flame measurement system, an image measurement system, a flying fire particle collection device and data acquisition system. Among them, the constant temperature drying room is arranged independently, and is used to control the moisture content of the crown of the trees used for the experiment in the initial stage of the experiment. The fixed weighing platform is used to fix the trunk of the tree and record the quality of the tree during the canopy fire burning process. The controllable synchronous ignition device is set above the fixed weighing platform through an independent support frame, and is used to measure the weight of the tree on the fixed weighing platform. The canopies of the trees on the platform are ignited. The flame measurement system is independently set beside the fixed weighing platform, and is equipped with multiple measuring devices for measuring the flame temperature, velocity and radiant heat flux during the combustion process of the canopy fire. The flying fire particle collection device includes a square water pan arranged under the burner of the controllable synchronous ignition device and a plurality of strip-shaped water pans respectively placed around the fixed weighing platform. Among them, there is an opening in the middle of the square water tray to avoid contact with the trunk fixed on the fixed weighing platform, so that the flying fire particles at the bottom of the single wood burning process can be collected through the square water tray, and the long strip water tray can Collect flying fire particles around to realize the comprehensive collection of flying fire particles. The image measurement system includes a fixed weighing platform as the center and multiple cameras arranged around the fixed weighing platform to realize the spatial distribution measurement of the canopy fuel and the three-dimensional shape measurement of the flame. The data acquisition system includes data processing equipment, a signal synchronizer and an electrical signal acquisition chassis; wherein, the signal output ports of the signal synchronizer are connected to each camera and the electrical signal acquisition chassis, and the data output ports of each camera and the electrical signal acquisition chassis are connected to The data processing equipment realizes the synchronization and timely processing of data, thus realizing a canopy fire experimental measurement system that collects experimental data completely synchronously and can be processed in time.

Another embodiment of the present application provides another full-scale single tree crown fire experimental measurement system, as shown in Figure 2, including:

Constant temperature drying room 201, fixed weighing platform 202, controllable synchronous ignition device 203, flame measurement system 204, image measurement system 205, flying fire particle collection device 206 and data acquisition system 207.

The constant temperature drying room 201 is arranged independently, and is used to control the moisture content of the crown of the trees used for the experiment in the initial stage of the experiment.

Wherein, the fixed weighing platform 202 is used for fixing the trunk of the dried tree and recording the mass of the tree during the crown fire burning process.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 3 , in another implementation of the present application, the fixed weighing platform 202 includes: a single wooden base support 301 , a weighing device 302 and heat insulation cotton 303 .

Optionally, in this embodiment of the present application, the weighing device 304 includes: a universally adjustable foot, a load cell, a casing frame, and a data transmitter.

The position of the entire fixed weighing platform 202 can be adjusted through the universally adjustable feet. The load cell is used to measure the weight of the object placed on it, that is, mainly to measure the weight of a single piece of wood fixed on the fixed weighing platform 202 . The data transmitter is used to amplify the signal to facilitate data acquisition by the data acquisition box.

The heat insulation cotton 303 of the fixed weighing platform 202 in the embodiment of the present application is made of aluminum silicate ceramic fiber. And, as shown in FIG. 3 , insulation cotton 303 is placed between the single wooden base support 301 and the weighing device 302 . That is, the weighing device 304 is on the lowermost layer, the heat insulation cotton 303 is used as the middle layer, and the single wooden base support 301 is on the uppermost layer.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the single wooden base support 301 includes a square steel plate and a cylinder fixed at the center of the square steel plate by a screw.

Wherein, the side of the cylinder is provided with a transverse screw for fixing the tree trunk placed in the cylinder. And, the cylinder is fixed on the square steel plate by the screw, so the cylinder on the single wood base support 301 can be replaced based on the size of the trunk, so that the single wood can be fixed on the single wood base support 301 effectively.

Optionally, a constant temperature drying room provided in another embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 4, includes:

Constant temperature drying room main body 401 , hot air blower 402 , dehumidifier 403 and axial flow fan 404 .

Wherein, the skeleton of the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room is a stainless steel frame 405, and the ground and walls are composed of fireproof and heat-insulating cloth 406. The hot air blower 402 is placed outside the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room, and its air outlet is connected with the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room through the air duct 407, and the high temperature hot air is transported to the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room, and the hot air blower 402 is connected with the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room. The temperature measuring probe 408 in the main body 401 is connected to control the temperature in the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room based on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring probe 408 . That is, the hot air blower 402 is constantly adjusted to the hot air volume delivered in the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room based on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring probe 407 in the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room and the set temperature in real time.

The dehumidifier 403 and the axial flow fan 404 are independently installed in the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room, and are used to reduce the humidity in the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room and accelerate the gas convective diffusion rate.

Optionally, multiple dehumidifiers 403 and axial flow fans 404 can be provided in order to reduce the humidity inside the main body 401 of the constant temperature drying room faster and accelerate the gas convective diffusion rate.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the controllable synchronous ignition device 203 is arranged above the fixed weighing platform 202 through an independent support frame, and is used for igniting the crowns of trees fixed on the fixed weighing platform 202 .

Specifically, in another embodiment of the present application, the controllable synchronous ignition device 202 includes:

Support frame, burner, electronic igniter, and electronic valve.

Wherein, the support frame includes an adjustable base fixed on both sides of the weighing platform 202 but not in contact with the weighing platform 202 , and a support cross bar arranged on the adjustable base and spanning above the fixed weighing platform 202 . And the burner is arranged on the support cross bar.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 5, the burner is made up of a plurality of concentric annular gas burners 501 of different diameters, each concentric annular gas burner 501 is welded with evenly distributed fuel outlets, and the center of the burner is connected to the single wooden base The center of the support is in the same vertical direction, so that the single wood fixed on the single wooden base support can just pass through the center of the burner without contacting the burner, so that it can pass through each concentric annular gas burner 501 The canopy of a single tree is ignited.

Referring also to FIG. 5 , the air inlets of each annular gas burner 501 are connected to the same air intake pipe through an adapter 502 , that is, each annular gas burner 501 shares one air intake pipe.

In addition, spherical valves 503 are installed at the air inlets of each annular gas burner 501 , so that the opening and closing of each annular gas burner 501 can be controlled separately to ensure different combustion requirements.

The electronic valve 504 is arranged on the intake pipe to control the intake of the entire burner, and the electronic valve 504 may be controlled by a remote switch.

The electronic igniter 505 is arranged on any one of the annular gas burners 501, and can be triggered by the remote switch.

Optionally, referring also to FIG. 2 , in the embodiment of the present application, the controllable synchronous ignition device further includes: a separate movable fire baffle 208 .

Wherein, the separate movable fire baffle 208 includes two sliding rails 209 fixed on both sides of the fixed weighing platform and a stainless steel sliding baffle 210 respectively placed on each sliding rail.

Wherein, the two sliding baffles 210 are provided with a semicircular gap near the side of the fixed weighing platform 202, so that when the two sliding baffles 210 are closed, the tree trunk can pass through the hole formed by the two gaps to avoid touching the tree trunk. Moreover, two sliding baffles 210 are provided with traction ropes away from the side of the fixed weighing platform 202, so that the sliding baffles 210 can be moved on the slide rails by pulling the traction ropes, so that when the flame is adjusted, it can be blocked. Hold the flame, and move it away when the flame is adjusted to the demand, so as to ensure that the canopy of the tree is ignited by a fire source that meets the demand.

Optionally, the height of the slide rail 209 may be adjustable.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the flame measurement system 204 is independently arranged beside the fixed weighing platform 202 , and the specific location can be adjusted according to requirements. Moreover, a plurality of measuring devices 211 are installed on the flame measurement system 204 for measuring the flame temperature, speed and radiant heat flux during the canopy fire burning process.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the flame measurement system 202 provided by the embodiment of the present application may specifically include:

A fixed bracket 212 and a plurality of measuring devices 211 are installed beside the fixed weighing platform.

Among them, the measuring equipment includes thermocouple, pitot tube and radiant heat flow meter, so that the flame temperature, velocity and radiant heat flux during the canopy fire combustion process can be measured respectively.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the fixing bracket includes a telescopic column 213 , a column base 214 , a fixing clip 215 , a plurality of cross bars 216 and a wire rope 217 .

The telescopic column 213 is installed on the column base 214 through a screw.

Each cross bar 216 is installed on the telescopic column 213 through a fixing clip 215 , and the end of each cross bar 216 is fixed and limited by a wire rope 217 . And at the end of the wire rope 217, a weight on the ground can be connected, so that the fixed positioning of each cross bar 216 can be realized.

Each measuring device 211 is installed on each horizontal bar or on a telescopic column through a fixing clip.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 6 , the fixing clips may include two kinds of U-shaped pipe clips 601 and double-ended pipe clips 602 . Among them, the double-ended pipe clamp 602 can directly fix measuring equipment such as a heat flow meter, and the U-shaped pipe clamp 601 is mainly used to fix the cross bar 216 on the telescopic column 213 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , the flying fire particle collection device 206 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a square water pan 218 arranged under the burner of the controllable synchronous ignition device 203 and a plurality of long water pans placed around the fixed weighing platform 202 respectively. Strip water tray 219.

Wherein, an opening is arranged in the middle of the square water tray 218 so as not to contact with the tree trunk fixed on the fixed weighing platform 202 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , in the embodiment of the present application, the image measurement system 205 includes a plurality of cameras 220 centered on the fixed weighing platform 202 and arranged around the fixed weighing platform 202 . Specifically, each camera may be centered on the fixed weighing platform 202 and arranged in a semicircle at multiple viewing positions on one side of the crown of the tree.

Optionally, referring to FIG. 2, in another embodiment, the image measurement system 205 may further include:

Calibration plate 221 ; wherein, the calibration plate 221 is arranged beside the fixed weighing platform 202 and is coated with uniformly sized black and white checkerboard grids for assisting each camera 220 to acquire parameters.

Optionally, the data collected by each camera 220 can be uploaded to the data processing device 222, and the spatial distribution of the canopy fuel and the three-dimensional shape of the flame can be reconstructed directly through the data processing device 222.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the data acquisition system 207 in the embodiment of the present application includes a data processing device 222 , a signal synchronizer 223 and an electrical signal acquisition chassis 224 .

Wherein, the signal output port of the signal synchronizer 223 is connected to each camera 220 and the electrical signal acquisition box 224 , and the data output port of each camera 220 and the electrical signal acquisition box 224 is connected to the data processing device 222 .

Therefore, when the full-scale single-tree crown fire experimental measurement system provided in the embodiment of the present application is used for the crown fire experiment, the trees can be placed on the single-wood base support in the constant temperature drying room first, and then the temperature in the drying room is set and opened. Hot air blower, dehumidifier and axial flow fan, so that the trees can be dried first to make the moisture content meet the demand. Then turn off all equipment and remove the tree. Then fix the trunk of the tree to the single wooden base support in the fixed weighing platform, and adjust the position of each measuring device on the column. Then, the calibration board was placed next to the fixed weighing platform, and each camera was calibrated to reconstruct the spatial distribution of tree canopy fuel. Then according to the size of the canopy of trees, adjust the fire source diameter of burner. This can be regulated by means of the various spherical valves, and the fire dampers are closed and the solenoid valves are opened, ready to start igniting the canopy of the tree. At the same time, turn on the signal synchronizer so that data acquisition can begin. Wherein, feed combustible gas into the main pipeline and ignite it with an electronic igniter. After the flame is stable, the fire baffle is removed by the traction rope, so as to ignite the crown of the tree with the regulated and stable flame. After the canopy is fully ignited, the solenoid valve can be closed, thereby closing the ignition flame in time. Finally, after the canopy of the tree is completely burned out, the signal synchronizer can be turned off, and the data can be saved, and the data of flying fire particles in the statistical water tray can be collected, etc.

Professionals can further realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the possible For interchangeability, in the above description, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described according to their functions. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the scope of the present application.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. A full-size single wood crown fire experiment measurement system is characterized by comprising:

the device comprises a constant-temperature drying room, a fixed weighing platform, a controllable synchronous ignition device, a flame measurement system, an image measurement system, a flying fire particle collection device and a data acquisition system;

the constant-temperature drying rooms are independently arranged and are used for controlling the water content of the crowns of the trees used for the experiment at the initial stage of the experiment;

the fixed weighing platform is used for fixing the trunk of the dried tree and recording the mass of the tree in the crown fire combustion process;

the controllable synchronous ignition device is arranged above the fixed weighing platform through an independent supporting frame and is used for igniting the crown of the tree fixed on the fixed weighing platform;

the flame measuring system is independently arranged beside the fixed weighing platform and is provided with a plurality of measuring devices for measuring flame temperature, flame speed and radiation heat flux in the crown fire combustion process;

the flying fire particle collecting device comprises a square water disc arranged below a burner of the controllable synchronous ignition device and a plurality of strip-shaped water discs respectively arranged around the fixed weighing platform; wherein, the square water tray is provided with an opening in the middle so as not to contact with the trunk fixed on the fixed weighing platform;

the image measurement system comprises a plurality of cameras which are arranged around the fixed weighing platform by taking the fixed weighing platform as a center;

the data acquisition system comprises data processing equipment, a signal synchronizer and an electric signal acquisition cabinet; wherein a signal output port of the signal synchronizer is connected to each of the cameras and the electrical signal acquisition chassis, and a data output port of each of the cameras and the electrical signal acquisition chassis is connected to the data processing device.

2. The full-size single-wood crown fire experimental measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the constant-temperature drying room comprises:

a constant temperature drying room main body, an air heater, a dehumidifier and an axial flow fan;

the framework of the constant-temperature drying room main body is a stainless steel framework, and the ground and the wall surface are both composed of fireproof heat-insulating cloth;

the air heater is arranged outside the constant-temperature drying room body, an air outlet of the air heater is connected with the constant-temperature drying room body through an air guide pipe, high-temperature air is conveyed into the constant-temperature drying room body, and the air heater is connected with a temperature measurement probe arranged in the constant-temperature drying room body so as to control the temperature in the constant-temperature drying room body based on the temperature measured by the temperature measurement probe;

the dehumidifier and the axial flow fan are respectively and independently arranged in the constant temperature drying room main body and are used for reducing the humidity in the constant temperature drying room main body and accelerating the gas convection diffusion rate.

3. The full-size single-wood crown fire experimental measurement system of claim 1, wherein the fixed weighing platform comprises:

the single wood base bracket, the weighing device and the heat insulation cotton;

the weighing device comprises a universal adjustable foot seat, a weighing sensor, a shell frame and a data transmitter;

the heat insulation cotton is made of aluminum silicate ceramic fibers and is arranged between the single wood base bracket and the weighing device;

the single wood base support comprises a square steel plate and a cylinder fixed at the center of the square steel plate through a screw; the lateral side of the cylinder is provided with a transverse screw rod for fixing a trunk placed in the cylinder.

4. The full-size single-wood crown fire experimental measurement system according to claim 3, wherein the controllable synchronous ignition device comprises:

support frame, combustor, electronic igniter, and electronic valve;

the support frame comprises adjustable bases positioned beside two sides of the fixed weighing platform and a support cross rod which is arranged on the adjustable bases and spans over the fixed weighing platform;

the burner is arranged on the supporting cross rod and consists of a plurality of concentric annular gas burners with different diameters, and the center of the burner and the center of the single wood base bracket are in the same vertical direction; the air inlets of the annular gas burners are connected with the same air inlet pipeline through the adapter, and spherical valves are arranged at the air inlets of the annular gas burners;

the electronic valve is arranged on the air inlet pipeline;

the electronic igniter is arranged on any annular gas burner.

5. The full-size single-wood crown fire experimental measurement system of claim 4, wherein the controllable synchronous ignition device further comprises:

separated movable fire baffle;

the separated movable fire baffle comprises two sliding rails fixed on two sides of the fixed weighing platform and stainless steel sliding baffles respectively arranged on each sliding rail; the two sliding baffles are provided with semicircular notches on one side, close to the fixed weighing platform, of the sliding baffles, and a traction rope is arranged on one side, far away from the fixed weighing platform.

6. The full-size single-wood crown fire experimental measurement system of claim 1, wherein the flame measurement system comprises:

the fixed bracket is arranged beside the fixed weighing platform and a plurality of measuring devices; wherein the measuring device comprises a thermocouple, a pitot tube and a radiant heat flow meter;

the fixing support comprises a telescopic upright post, an upright post base, a fixing clamp, a plurality of cross bars and a steel wire rope;

the telescopic upright post is arranged on the upright post base through a screw rod;

each cross rod is mounted on the telescopic upright post through the fixing clamp, and the tail end of each cross rod is fixed and limited by the steel wire rope;

each measuring device is arranged on each cross rod or on the telescopic upright post through the fixing clamp.

7. The full-size single-wood crown fire experimental measurement system of claim 1, wherein the image measurement system further comprises:

a calibration plate; the calibration plate is arranged beside the fixed weighing platform and is coated with a chessboard grid with uniform size and black and white intervals, and the chessboard grid is used for assisting each camera to acquire parameters.

Images