CN115956634B - Biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological agent for relieving heat stress of cows and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biological agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-60 parts of distiller's grains, 20-30 parts of rumen bypass fat powder, 10-15 parts of rumen bypass amino acid, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract and 1-3 parts of compound microbial inoculum. The composite microbial inoculum is prepared from bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactococcus lactis according to the mass ratio of (0.5-1): (0.5-2). The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from honeysuckle, weeping forsythiae capsule and peppermint according to the mass ratio of (4-5): (3-5): (3-5). The rumen bypass amino acid consists of rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine according to the mass ratio of 1:1. The distilled spirit lees, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid, traditional Chinese medicine extract and composite microbial inoculum which are taken as energy substances have synergistic promotion effect on relieving heat stress of cows.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed biological agents, in particular to a biological agent for relieving heat stress of cows and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The dairy cows are cold-resistant and heat-resistant animals, the influence of high temperature on the dairy cows is more serious along with the increase of global warming in recent years, and when the ambient temperature is raised to a certain degree and the heat production of the dairy cows is greater than heat dissipation, the phenomena of actively reducing feeding, seeking shading, seeking water sources, breathing on the large mouth and the like, namely heat stress reaction, can occur.
The heat stress evaluation method of the dairy cows generally comprises three methods, namely 1, the temperature and humidity index of the cowshed. The environmental temperature and the relative humidity are combined to form a Temperature and Humidity Index (THI), and when the average temperature and humidity index of the cowshed is 72-79, the dairy cows are in a light heat stress state; when the average temperature and humidity index is 79 < THI less than or equal to 88, the dairy cows are in a moderate heat stress state; when the average temperature and humidity index is more than 88, the dairy cows are in a highly heat stress state, and death can be directly caused after the dairy cows reach a certain value. If the cow is in peak lactation, perhaps lower temperature and humidity index levels can also cause heat stress. Humidity alone can also act on heat stress. 2. Respiratory rate. Cows normally breathe at a rate of about 20 beats/min. When the average respiratory frequency is 50-79 times/min, the dairy cows are in a mild heat stress state; when the average respiratory frequency is 80-119 times/min, the dairy cows are in a moderate heat stress state; when the average respiratory frequency is 120-160 times/min, the dairy cows are in a highly heat stress state. 3. Rectal temperature. The normal rectal temperature of the dairy cows is 38.3-38.7 ℃. When the average rectal temperature is 39.4 ℃ or less and RT is less than 39.6 ℃, the dairy cows are in a light heat stress state; when the average rectal temperature is 39.6 ℃ or more and RT is less than 40.0 ℃, the dairy cows are in a moderate heat stress state; when the average rectal temperature is more than or equal to 40 ℃, the dairy cows are in a highly heat stress state. Wherein, the heat stress degree of the dairy cattle group is evaluated, and the temperature and humidity index is preferably used for evaluation; individual cows or small groups of cows are emphasized, preferably by respiratory rate or rectal temperature assessment.
The damage of heat stress to cows mainly comprises the following three aspects: 1. the milk cow body condition is reduced, and the milk yield and the milk fat rate are simultaneously reduced. Inappetence of cows causes disorder of rumen metabolism, insufficient intake of nutrients, inability to meet production requirements, and further reduced milk yield. Feed and dry matter intake is reduced, rumen environment is deteriorated, resulting in a decrease in milk fat percentage, and protein supply of cows is affected. 2. The fertility is reduced and the empty embryo period is prolonged. The milk cows regulate body temperature and dissipate heat by regulating all the bodies, the metabolism and the body surface blood circulation force of the milk cows can be continuously increased, and the blood circulation of internal organs of the milk cows can be continuously weakened, so that the reproductive capacity is affected. 3. The immunity and defense function are reduced, and the disease is increased. Appetite is reduced, resulting in reduced digestive function, metabolic disorders, and consequently reduced resistance, and cows are susceptible to attack by pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the incidence rate of cow mastitis, retained fetal membranes, endometritis, hoof diseases and the like in summer is generally higher than that in other seasons.
At present, the alleviation of heat stress of cows is mainly divided into two aspects. The first aspect is that a physical cooling mode is adopted, and the manners of showering, blowing and the like for the dairy cows can quickly cool, but the dairy cows need to be reformed, and the reforming time, economic benefit and cost are considered; the second aspect is that substances for relieving heat stress are added into the feed, so that the cost of the special heat stress resistant feed for feeding cows is high, and a large feeding cost pressure is brought to a breeding farm. The biological agent can be directly added into the daily ration for feeding the dairy cows, and the heat stress resistant feed does not need to be purchased additionally, so that the addition amount is small, and the cost is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a biological agent for relieving heat stress of cows and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a biological agent for relieving heat stress of cows, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of distiller's grains, 20-30 parts of rumen bypass fatty powder, 10-15 parts of rumen bypass amino acid, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract and 1-3 parts of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the rumen bypass amino acid consists of rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the composite microbial inoculum consists of bifidobacterium adolescentis @Bifidobacterium adolensentis) And lactococcus lactis @Lactococcus lactis) According to the mass ratio (0.5-1): (0.5-2), wherein the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by the following method: honeysuckle, weeping forsythia and peppermint are mixed according to the mass ratio of (4-5): (3-5): (3-5) pulverizing, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, extracting with ethanolFiltering, collecting filtrate, concentrating, and recovering ethanol to obtain the final product.
Preferably, the total viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g。
Preferably, the volume fraction of the added ethanol is 60-70%, the addition amount of the ethanol is 5-6 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the weeping forsythiae capsule and the peppermint, the leaching time is 20-30 hours, the concentration temperature is 80-85 ℃, and the concentration time is 1-3 hours.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of the biological agent for relieving heat stress of cows, comprising the steps of:
mixing the Chinese medicinal extract, distiller's grains, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid and composite microbial inoculum, stirring, and granulating to obtain biological preparation.
The white spirit lees in the biological agent provides protein, rumen bypass fat powder provides energy, the energy in fat is high, the heat increment consumption is low, and the feed intake of cows is reduced when the cows are subjected to heat stress, so that the protein and the energy are further supplemented, the catabolism of stress-induced organism proteins, carbohydrates, fat and the like is reduced, and the biological agent is beneficial to enhancing the immunity of organisms.
The honeysuckle, the weeping forsythia and the peppermint have the effects of clearing heat, removing internal heat, relieving summer-heat and promoting the production of body fluid, can effectively reduce the rectal temperature of the dairy cows, relieve excessive heartbeat and respiratory frequency, regulate dysfunction caused by heat stress, strengthen organism resistance and relieve symptoms of heat stress. The traditional Chinese medicine extract obtained by adopting the alcohol extraction method has high purity, less impurities and high medicine effect.
The rumen amino acid can provide amino acid necessary for dairy cows, increase the supply of available amino acid in small intestine, improve the nutrition condition of dairy cows, enhance the disease resistance and immunity of organisms, and make the substances further play a role in heat stress resistance.
The bifidobacterium adolescentis and the lactococcus lactis in the composite microbial agent are probiotics, the microecological environment of intestinal tracts is regulated, the anaerobic fermentation of rumens is promoted, digestion is improved, the feed intake is improved, and the phenomena of inappetence caused by heat stress such as feed intake reduction, mastication weakness, ruminant weakness and the like are alleviated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the distiller's grains and rumen bypass fat powder in the invention provide energy for cows, and are beneficial to enhancing the immunity of organisms. The flos Lonicerae, fructus forsythiae, and herba Menthae in the Chinese medicinal extract can regulate dysfunction caused by heat stress, and relieve symptoms of heat stress. Rumen bypass amino acids enhance disease resistance and immunity of the body, and can further exert the above substances in terms of heat stress resistance. The compound microbial inoculum is probiotics, adjusts intestinal flora, adjusts the micro-ecological environment of intestinal tracts, improves feed intake and slows down the phenomenon of inappetence. The distilled spirit lees, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid, traditional Chinese medicine extract and composite microbial inoculum serving as energy substances have synergistic promotion effect on relieving heat stress of cows.
The biological agent is green, safe and free of side effects, effectively relieves the heat stress, reduces the rectal temperature of the dairy cows, slows down the excessive heartbeat and the respiratory rate, reduces the physical energy consumption and increases the comfort. Improving the anti-stress capability of the cow, improving the immunity of the cow and improving the health condition of the cow.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As described in the background art, the special heat stress resistant feed for feeding cows has higher cost and brings larger cost pressure to the farm, and based on the biological agent, the biological agent for relieving the heat stress of the cows provided by the invention comprises the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of distiller's grains, 20-30 parts of rumen bypass fat powder, 10-15 parts of rumen bypass amino acid, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract and 1-3 parts of compound microbial inoculum.
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared from bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactococcus lactis according to the mass ratio of (0.5-1): (0.5-2), the total viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g。
The rumen bypass amino acid consists of rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by the following steps: honeysuckle, weeping forsythia and peppermint are mixed according to the mass ratio of (4-5): (3-5): (3-5) pulverizing, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, adding 60-70% ethanol by volume, leaching, filtering, wherein the ethanol content is 5-6 times of total mass of flos Lonicerae, fructus forsythiae, and herba Menthae, leaching for 20-30 hr, collecting filtrate, concentrating, recovering ethanol, concentrating at 80-85deg.C for 1-3 hr to obtain the final product.
The preparation method of the biological agent for relieving the heat stress of the dairy cows comprises the following steps:
mixing the Chinese medicinal extract, distiller's grains, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid and composite microbial inoculum, stirring, and granulating to obtain biological preparation.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and are commercially available.
Bifidobacterium adolescentis @ used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present inventionBifidobacterium adolensentis) Purchased from China center for type culture Collection, strain number: CICC6178; lactococcus lactis @Lactococcus lactis) Purchased from China center for type culture Collection, strain number: CICC23610; rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine were purchased from hozhou delhong biotechnology limited; rumen bypass fat powder was purchased from Shanghai Shangyue International trade Co., ltd; the distillers grains are purchased from Hejiang must complete feed limited and are aroma type distillers dried grains powder.
Example 1
The biological agent of this example comprises the following components:
50g of distiller's grains, 20g of rumen bypass fat powder, 5g of rumen bypass lysine, 5g of rumen bypass methionine, 10g of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 0.5g of bifidobacterium adolescentis and 0.5g of lactococcus lactis.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Honeysuckle, weeping forsythia and peppermint are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:3:3, crushing, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding 70% ethanol by volume for leaching and filtering, wherein the adding amount of the ethanol is 5 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the weeping forsythiae capsule and the peppermint, the leaching time is 24 hours, collecting filtrate, concentrating and recovering the ethanol, and the concentration temperature is 85 ℃ for 2 hours, thereby obtaining the traditional Chinese medicine extract.
(2) Mixing the Chinese medicinal extract, distiller's grains, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid and composite microbial inoculum uniformly, and granulating to obtain the biological preparation.
Example 2
The biological agent of this example comprises the following components:
55g of distiller's grains, 25g of rumen bypass fat powder, 6g of rumen bypass lysine, 6g of rumen bypass methionine, 12.5g of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 0.8g of bifidobacterium adolescentis and 0.8g of lactococcus lactis.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Honeysuckle, weeping forsythia and peppermint are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4.5:4:4, crushing, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding 70% ethanol by volume for leaching and filtering, wherein the adding amount of the ethanol is 5 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the weeping forsythiae capsule and the peppermint, the leaching time is 24 hours, collecting filtrate, concentrating and recovering the ethanol, and the concentration temperature is 85 ℃ for 2 hours, thus obtaining the traditional Chinese medicine extract.
(2) Mixing the Chinese medicinal extract, distiller's grains, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid and composite microbial inoculum uniformly, and granulating to obtain the biological preparation.
Example 3
The biological agent of this example comprises the following components:
60g of distiller's grains, 30g of rumen bypass fat powder, 7.5g of rumen bypass lysine, 7.5g of rumen bypass methionine, 15g of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 1g of bifidobacterium adolescentis and 1g of lactococcus lactis.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Honeysuckle, weeping forsythia and peppermint are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:5:5, crushing, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding 70% ethanol by volume for leaching and filtering, wherein the adding amount of the ethanol is 5 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the weeping forsythiae capsule and the peppermint, the leaching time is 24 hours, collecting filtrate, concentrating and recovering the ethanol, and the concentration temperature is 85 ℃ for 2 hours, thereby obtaining the traditional Chinese medicine extract.
(2) Mixing the Chinese medicinal extract, distiller's grains, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid and composite microbial inoculum uniformly, and granulating to obtain the biological preparation.
Comparative example 1
60g of distiller's grains and 30g of rumen bypass fat powder are uniformly stirred and granulated to obtain the biological preparation.
Comparative example 2
7.5g of rumen lysine and 7.5g of rumen methionine are evenly stirred and granulated to obtain the biological preparation.
Comparative example 3
Honeysuckle, weeping forsythia and peppermint are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:5:5, crushing, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding 70% ethanol by volume for leaching and filtering, wherein the adding amount of the ethanol is 5 times of the total mass of the honeysuckle, the weeping forsythiae capsule and the peppermint, leaching for 24 hours, collecting filtrate, concentrating and recovering the ethanol, concentrating at 85 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine extract, and granulating the traditional Chinese medicine extract to obtain a biological preparation.
Comparative example 4
1g of bifidobacterium adolescentis and 1g of lactococcus lactis are stirred uniformly and granulated to obtain the biological preparation.
Experimental example
1. Experimental arrangement
The experimental date is 2022, 7, 1, 8, 31, 7, 55, the experimental date is Lu Wei dairy farm in Jinan city long Qing district, the average temperature is 33 ℃, the cows are Holland Stan cows, the number of times, the month age and the milk yield are all similar, 80 groups are randomly divided, and 10 groups are arranged. Feeding under the same condition, wherein the fed basic ration is kept unchanged, and the specific components are shown in table 1; the feeding times are three times per day, and 3.5kg of the feed is fed each time. The prepared biological agent is respectively added into basic daily ration in the morning and evening from 1 group to 7 groups, the addition amount is 200 g/head, 8 groups are blank control groups, and only basic daily ration is fed.
TABLE 1 basic ration Components
The premix is a compound premix of Yinglmei No. 1 series. The components are mass fractions.
Measuring and recording the rectal temperature, the respiratory rate and the milk yield of the dairy cows every day, counting the times of continuous relaxation of the chest and abdomen in a stable respiratory state through a stopwatch, continuously recording for 3 minutes, and then converting into an average respiratory rate per minute; recording the weight of the basic ration remaining every day; the average value of the rectal temperature, the respiratory rate, the milk yield and the weight of the residual basic ration in the experimental period is calculated, the cows are weighed on the first and last days of the experiment, the weight gain is recorded, and the experimental results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The biological agent of the embodiments 1-3 of the invention can effectively reduce the rectal temperature and respiratory frequency of the dairy cows, improve the milk yield and the weight gain, and increase the feeding amount of the dairy cows.
The rectal temperature of example 3 was reduced by 0.87 ℃ relative to the blank, the rectal temperature of comparative example 1 was reduced by 0.15 ℃ relative to the blank, the rectal temperature of comparative example 2 was reduced by 0.17 ℃ relative to the blank, the rectal temperature of comparative example 3 was reduced by 0.2 ℃ relative to the blank, the rectal temperature of comparative example 4 was reduced by 0.16 ℃ relative to the blank, and comparative example 1+comparative example 2+comparative example 3+comparative example 4 < example 3, thus the distilled spirit lees and rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid, traditional Chinese medicine extract, and the complex microbial inoculum as energy substances have synergistic effect on relieving heat stress of cows.
The distiller's grains and rumen bypass fat powder in the invention provide energy for cows, and are beneficial to enhancing the immunity of organisms. The flos Lonicerae, fructus forsythiae, and herba Menthae in the Chinese medicinal extract can regulate dysfunction caused by heat stress, and relieve symptoms of heat stress. Rumen bypass amino acids enhance disease resistance and immunity of the body, and can further exert the above substances in terms of heat stress resistance. The composite microbial inoculum is probiotics, adjusts intestinal flora and promotes digestion and absorption. The distilled spirit lees, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid, traditional Chinese medicine extract and composite microbial inoculum serving as energy substances have synergistic promotion effect on relieving heat stress of cows.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. The biological agent for relieving the heat stress of the dairy cows is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of distiller's grains, 20-30 parts of rumen bypass fatty powder, 10-15 parts of rumen bypass amino acid, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract and 1-3 parts of compound microbial inoculum, wherein the rumen bypass amino acid consists of rumen bypass lysine and rumen bypass methionine according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the compound microbial inoculum consists of bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactococcus lactis according to the mass ratio of (0.5-1): (0.5-2), wherein the traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by the following method: honeysuckle, weeping forsythia and peppermint are mixed according to the mass ratio of (4-5): (3-5): (3-5) pulverizing, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, extracting with ethanol, filtering, collecting filtrate, concentrating, and recovering ethanol to obtain the final product.
2. The biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows according to claim 1, wherein the total viable count of the composite microbial agent is not less than 1×10 9 CFU/g。
3. The biological agent for relieving heat stress of dairy cows according to claim 1, wherein the added ethanol is 60-70% by volume, the added amount of ethanol is 5-6 times of the total mass of honeysuckle, weeping forsythiae capsule and peppermint, the leaching time is 20-30 hours, the concentration temperature is 80-85 ℃ and the concentration time is 1-3 hours.
4. A method for preparing a biological agent for alleviating heat stress in cows as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, which comprises the steps of:
mixing the Chinese medicinal extract, distiller's grains, rumen bypass fat powder, rumen bypass amino acid and composite microbial inoculum, stirring, and granulating to obtain biological preparation.
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