Preparation method and application of Nb-Ce-Zr denitration catalyst for SCR degradation
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a Nb-Ce-Zr catalyst for degrading NO by NH 3 -SCR, in particular to a catalyst for effectively degrading gas pollutants, belonging to the field of atmospheric pollution control and environmental protection catalytic environment.
Background
Nitrogen oxides NO X(NO、NO2 and N 2 O) are one of the main pollutants in the atmosphere and also one of the main factors in the generation of mist, where NO occupies more than 90%. NO X is harmful to human health, and secondary pollution such as photochemical smog and acid rain can be generated. Therefore, reducing NOx emissions and improving NOx removal efficiency has become one of the hot research directions in the current environmental catalytic field.
The SCR technology is a denitration technology applied commercially at present, and the technology is characterized in that a high-efficiency NO degradation catalyst is developed, and under the action of the catalyst, an external reducing agent (NH 3) is added to selectively reduce NO X into N 2, so that NO X in flue gas is degraded. Therefore, the development of a catalyst for SCR degradation of NO X is imperative.
The commercial V 2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst at home and abroad has poor low-temperature activity, the operation temperature window is narrow (350-400℃)(A remarkable catalyst combination to widen the operating temperature window of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3.Chem Cat Chem,2014,6:2263-2269.),, and V 2O5 belongs to high-toxicity substances, the molecular sieve catalyst has poor water resistance and sulfur resistance, the noble metal catalyst has high preparation cost, is easy to be poisoned by sulfur, is easy to be sintered and deactivated at high temperature, cannot economically and environmentally remove NO x, and cannot meet the stricter emission standard of coal-fired power plants, so that development of an SCR catalyst with higher catalytic activity and wider operation temperature window is needed.
The design concept of the catalyst is that firstly, metal active components with good NO removal effect and low cost and low toxicity are screened out, and the addition of the auxiliary agent can promote the high dispersion of the active components and strengthen the interaction between the auxiliary agent, the active components and the carrier, so that the low-temperature denitration activity and the stability of the catalyst are improved. Therefore, according to the classification and structural characteristics of metals, the Nb element is found to have similar properties to V because of being in the same family as V, the toxicity is weaker than V, and the niobium-based material is used as a solid acid catalyst, so that the acidity of the catalyst can be remarkably improved. Thus we explored the content of the active component Nb and found that 10% of the active component Nb had some high temperature activity but poor low temperature activity. It is reported In the literature that Cu, la, fe, co and In promoters are incorporated to increase the low temperature activity of the catalyst, but that both Fe, cu, la, co and In promoters do not perform well at low temperatures. The metal composite oxide structure with Cu, la, fe, co and In auxiliary agent has the capability of oxygen storage and oxygen release, and has the capability of improving low-temperature activity and stability, but cannot be shown.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a Nb-Ce-Zr catalyst for degrading NO by SCR, and the method has the advantages of simple process, easy operation and low cost. The Nb-Ce-Zr catalyst prepared by the method obviously improves the denitration activity of the catalyst and widens the operating temperature window. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the Nb-Ce-Zr catalyst for degrading NO by SCR comprises the following steps:
(a) The metered amounts of C 10H5NbO20.xH2O、Zr(NO3)4.5H2 O and Ce (NO 3)3·6H2 O were dissolved in deionized water and stirred to dissolve;
(b) Adding a metered TiO 2 carrier into the solution (a), heating the solution in a magnetic stirrer at a constant temperature of 70 ℃, and drying in water bath;
(c) Placing the sample in step (b) in a 110 ℃ oven, and drying for 12 hours;
(d) And (3) placing the sample obtained in the step (C) in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ and roasting for 5 hours to obtain the Nb-Ce-Zr/TiO 2 catalyst.
According to the scheme, the mass of the carrier is 100%, and the addition amount of the active component Nb is 3% -15%.
According to the scheme, the addition amount of the auxiliary agent Ce is 1% -9% based on 100% of the mass of the carrier.
According to the scheme, the addition amount of the auxiliary agent Zr is 0.5% -3% based on 100% of the mass of the carrier.
The invention also provides an application of the Nb-Ce-Zr catalyst machine for SCR prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in a flue gas SCR NO degradation reaction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The Nb-Ce-Zr catalyst for the SCR degradation NO reaction has higher catalytic activity and wider operating temperature window, the NO conversion rate under the condition of 200 ℃ is 80%, the highest NO conversion rate 100% reaction temperature is T top =250-450 ℃, and the operating temperature window T 80 is 210-500 ℃.
(2) The preparation method has simple process and easy control of preparation conditions, and is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the catalytic activity of the catalysts prepared in examples 1,2, 3, 4 and 5.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the catalytic activity of the catalysts prepared in examples 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the catalytic activity test of the catalysts prepared in examples 1, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the catalytic activity of the catalysts prepared in examples 1, 9 and 12.
Fig. 5 is an XRD spectrum of the catalyst prepared in example 1, example 9 and example 12.
Detailed Description
The preparation method of the Nb-Ce-Zr catalyst for degrading NO by SCR comprises the following steps:
(a) The metered amounts of C 10H5NbO20.xH2O、Ce(NO3)3·6H2 O and Zr (NO 3)4.5H2 O were dissolved in deionized water and stirred to dissolve;
(b) Adding a metered TiO 2 carrier into the solution (a), heating the solution in a magnetic stirrer at a constant temperature of 70 ℃, and drying in water bath;
(c) Placing the sample in step (b) in a 110 ℃ oven, and drying for 12 hours;
(d) And (C) placing the sample obtained in the step (C) in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃, roasting for 5 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Nb-Ce-Zr/TiO 2 catalyst.
According to the scheme, the mass of the carrier is 100%, and the addition amount of the active component Nb is 3% -15%.
According to the scheme, the addition amount of the auxiliary agent Ce is 1% -9% based on 100% of the mass of the carrier.
According to the scheme, the addition amount of the auxiliary agent Zr is 0.5% -3% based on 100% of the mass of the carrier.
The following describes the invention in more detail with reference to a few examples, but is not intended to limit the invention to the examples described.
EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of 10% Nb/TiO 2 catalyst
Weighing 0.810g of C 10H5NbO20.xH2 O, dissolving in 30ml of deionized water, mixing and stirring until the C 10H5NbO20.xH2 O is dissolved, adding 2g of TiO 2, then heating the mixture at a constant temperature of 70 ℃ for water bath drying in a magnetic stirrer, then placing the dried sample in a 110 ℃ drying box for drying for 12 hours, finally roasting the dried sample in a 550 ℃ muffle furnace for 5 hours, tabletting and crushing the roasted powder to 20-40 meshes under the pressure of 10Mpa by a tablet press, and thus obtaining the 10% Nb/TiO 2 catalyst.
Evaluation of catalyst
The activity evaluation of the catalyst was carried out in a self-made continuous flow fixed bed reactor. The reaction tube is a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 6mm and a length of 33cm, the reaction temperature is measured by a thermocouple arranged in the middle of the reaction tube, and the reaction temperature is controlled by a temperature programming controller. The gas flow is controlled by a mass flowmeter, the reaction raw material gas comprises 400ppm NH 3、400ppm NO、3%O2 and balance gas Ar, the catalyst dosage in the experiment is 0.2g, the reaction temperature is 150-500 ℃, and the reaction temperature is sampled every 50 ℃. The conversion of NO was calculated by detection with a smoke analyzer (MRU, VARIO PLUS). The conversion curves of the catalyst to NO at different temperature points are shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the NO conversion rate and the operating temperature window of the catalyst at 200 ℃ and the optimal activity temperature are shown in Table 1.
Examples 2 to 5
Compared with example 1, only the content of Nb in the catalyst active component is different, and the other processes are the same as those of example 1, namely, the Nb/TiO 2 catalyst with different Nb contents is prepared. The catalyst compositions of examples 2 to 5 are shown in table 1.
Evaluation of catalyst
The graph of the catalyst versus NO conversion at various temperature points is shown in fig. 1, following the evaluation method of example 1. The NO conversion at 200 ℃, the optimum activity temperature and the operating temperature window are shown in table 2.
Examples 6 to 10
The process is the same as that of example 1, except that the auxiliary agent Ce is added and the content of the auxiliary agent Ce is different, and the process is the same as that of example 1, and concretely comprises the steps of weighing 0.810g C10H5NbO20.xH2O、0.025g~0.454g Ce(NO3)2·6H2O、30ml deionized water, mixing and stirring until the deionized water is dissolved, adding 2g TiO2, heating a magnetic stirrer at a constant temperature of 70 ℃ for water bath drying, placing the dried sample in a 110 ℃ drying box for drying for 12 hours, finally roasting in a 550 ℃ muffle furnace for 5 hours, tabletting and crushing the roasted powder to 20-40 meshes under the pressure of 10Mpa by a tablet press, and obtaining the Nb-Ce/TiO 2 catalyst with different Ce auxiliary agent contents. The catalyst compositions of examples 6 to 11 are shown in Table 1.
Evaluation of catalyst
The graph of the catalyst versus NO conversion at various temperature points is shown in fig. 1, following the evaluation method of example 1. The NO conversion at 200 ℃, the optimum activity temperature and the operating temperature window are shown in table 2.
Examples 11 to 15
The process is the same as that of example 1 except that the auxiliary agent Zr is added and the content of the auxiliary agent Zr is different, and the process is the same as that of example 1, and specifically comprises the steps of weighing 0.810g C10H5NbO20.xH2O、0.353g Ce(NO3)2·6H2O、0.035g~0.209g Zr(NO3)4.5H2O 30ml deionized water, mixing and stirring until the deionized water is dissolved, adding 2g of TiO 2, heating a magnetic stirrer at a constant temperature of 70 ℃ for water bath drying, placing the dried sample in a 110 ℃ drying box for drying for 12 hours, roasting in a 550 ℃ muffle furnace for 5 hours, tabletting and crushing the roasted powder to 20-40 meshes under the pressure of 10Mpa by a tablet press, and obtaining the Nb-Ce-Zr/TiO 2 catalyst with different Ce auxiliary agent contents. The catalyst compositions of examples 12 to 16 are shown in Table 1
Evaluation of catalyst
The graph of the catalyst versus NO conversion at various temperature points is shown in fig. 1, following the evaluation method of example 1. The NO conversion at 200 ℃, the optimum activity temperature and the operating temperature window are shown in table 2.
Examples molecular sieve catalysts composition table:
Specific examples catalyst compositions are shown in table 1:
Results of activity evaluation:
The specific activity evaluation results are shown in table 2:
XRD characterization
In fig. 5, the three catalysts all show characteristic diffraction peaks of anatase and rutile phase TiO 2, mainly based on anatase TiO 2 crystal structure, and the three catalysts can not detect characteristic diffraction peaks of metal oxides such as Nb 2O5,ZrO2, which indicate that the substances may exist in amorphous or poor crystal phases or are highly dispersed on the surface of the catalyst, or the size of the microcrystals may be lower than the detection limit of XRD, and in addition, the 10% Nb-7% Ce/TiO 2 and 10% Nb-7% Ce-0.7% Zr/TiO 2 catalysts show weak characteristic diffraction peaks of cubic CeO 2 crystal forms, and the characteristic diffraction peak intensity of TiO 2 is reduced, which indicates that the addition of the auxiliary agent is beneficial to reducing the crystallinity of the catalyst. The size of the anatase phase TiO 2 (101) crystal grain is calculated by adopting a Scherrer formula, the crystal grain size of the catalyst is almost unchanged after the addition agent Ce is introduced, and the crystal grain size of the 10 percent Nb-7 percent Ce/TiO 2 catalyst is reduced from 15.8nm to 15.6nm after the addition agent Zr is introduced. This is probably due to the fact that after the catalyst has introduced the promoter Zr, the interaction between the active ingredient Nb, the promoter and the support TiO 2 is enhanced, causing the crystallite size to decrease to a different extent.