CN115925459A

CN115925459A - Compost regulation and control particle for earthworm breeding

Info

Publication number: CN115925459A
Application number: CN202211727852.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张利
Original assignee: Suqian Bafang Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Suqian Bafang Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-31
Filing date: 2022-12-31
Publication date: 2023-04-07

Abstract

The invention designs a compost regulation product, which can solve the main problems involved in the existing earthworm breeding compost: (1) The method solves the problem that the pH value of the compost with high animal waste proportion is rapidly increased in the early stage, and reduces the loss of N element in the compost with high animal waste proportion. (2) Solves the problem of high salt content often accompanied in the kitchen waste, and reduces the adverse effect of chloride ions on earthworms when the kitchen waste is used as compost. The invention has simple technical scheme and obvious effect, all the used materials have no biotoxicity and can be recycled, the existing environmental protection problem is solved, and the more reasonable utilization of kitchen garbage is realized.

Description

Compost regulation and control particle for earthworm breeding

Technical Field

The invention belongs to earthworm breeding supplies, and particularly relates to compost regulating and controlling particles for earthworm breeding.

Background

The earthworm is a kind of ring-knot animal, and can dig holes in the natural world to loosen soil and decompose organic matters, so that it can create good condition for the growth of plant and soil microorganism. In recent years, earthworms have been found to play a special role in eliminating public nuisance and protecting the ecological environment, and many countries use earthworms for treating domestic garbage, organic waste and purifying sewage. In addition, the earthworm cast formed by the biodegradation of the organic waste has good granular structure, porosity, air permeability and higher water holding capacity, the earthworm cast also contains abundant actinomycetes, plant growth hormone and enzymes, after a proper amount of the earthworm cast is applied to soil, the volume weight of the soil can be reduced, the total porosity of the soil is increased, the ventilation performance is optimized, and the earthworm culture medium also has wide application and low value on potted fertilizers, so that the earthworm culture market is exploded in recent years.

At present, the earthworm breeding mode mainly adopts compost, and the earthworm breeding by using the compost mainly has the following problems: (1) The compost proportion is unreasonable, if the plant straws and the animal wastes are mixed according to the proportion of 1:3, the compost is prepared at the early stage, a large amount of organic amines and ammonium salts are generated at the early stage of the compost, the PH is easily and rapidly increased at the early stage of the compost, the earthworm poisoning is easily caused, and large-area death is caused, so the proportion of plant debris and animal excrement in the current compost is about 1:1-1:2, the redundant excrement can not be applied in time. (2) Kitchen waste cannot be well used for earthworm cultivation compost, because the kitchen waste is complex in type and is often accompanied with uncertain extreme environments such as high salt, high acid and the like, microorganisms in nature can be degraded in a certain time for high-acid kitchen waste, and because the natural removal capability of chlorine ions is limited and earthworms are extremely sensitive to salt for high-salt kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is always difficult to accept by earthworm farmers.

To solve the above problems, the mainstream of the method is to decompose the animal waste, release a part of N element, and then compost the animal waste. However, when the feces are decomposed, a large amount of amines, ammonia gas and other substances are released, so that the odor of the farm is caused, and the environment is polluted. In addition, N element released during the decomposition causes the loss of N element in the excrement, reduces the content of N-containing organic matters after the composting and causes the insufficient fertility of the compost product. In the case of kitchen waste, the garbage is usually purchased in farms for feeding livestock in the last few years, and is almost not reused nowadays. However, the kitchen waste is waste with more abundant organic matters, particularly has higher protein content than excrement and straws, is particularly suitable for breeding earthworms, and is a great resource waste after being randomly discarded.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved by the invention

The invention can solve the main problems related to the background technology by designing a compost regulation product: (1) The method solves the problem that the pH value of the compost with high animal waste proportion is rapidly increased in the early stage, and reduces the loss of the N element in the compost with high animal waste proportion. (2) Solves the problem of high salt content often accompanied with kitchen garbage, and reduces the adverse effect of chloride ions on earthworms when the kitchen garbage is used as compost.

In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme, and the technical scheme comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of superfine calcium silicate powder

Preparing high-purity soluble calcium salt powder, preparing saturated solution by using water, preparing silicate ester solution with a certain concentration, slowly mixing the two solutions, standing for a period of time after the two solutions form gel, evaporating water at a proper temperature, and calcining at a certain temperature to obtain the superfine calcium silicate powder.

(2) Preparation of porous calcium silicate particles

Preparing carbon powder, water, polyvinyl alcohol and calcium silicate powder obtained in the above steps, mixing the materials according to a certain proportion, pressing the mixture into small balls with the diameter of 3mm by using a mould, drying the small balls in the shade, sintering the small balls at a high temperature, and obtaining the porous calcium silicate small balls with huge surface areas after the carbon powder is oxidized.

(3) Loaded ion exchange material

Step a: mixing triethylamine, acetonitrile and epoxy chloropropane, mixing and stirring for a certain time at normal temperature, heating and reacting for a period of time, stopping reaction after a large amount of white quaternary ammonium salt solid is produced, carrying out suction filtration, and cleaning the product by using petroleum ether.

Step b: adding polyvinyl alcohol into dimethyl sulfoxide, slightly heating, stirring and dissolving, adding the calcium silicate pellets obtained in the step (2), adding sodium hydride, continuously stirring, adding the quaternary ammonium salt obtained in the step a, reacting for a proper time at a certain temperature, quenching the reaction, and performing post-treatment.

Step c: and c, placing the product obtained in the step b into a sodium hydroxide solution for quick soaking, then washing the product with water to be neutral, drying the product in hot air at 105 ℃, and finishing dehydration to obtain the final product.

The invention is further improved in that each major step further comprises the following minor steps or methods and components:

(1) Preparation of superfine calcium silicate powder

The high-purity soluble calcium salt is calcium nitrate and calcium bicarbonate, and preferably calcium nitrate.

The preparation method of the silicate solution comprises the following steps: the solute is methyl silicate, ethyl silicate and propyl silicate, preferably ethyl silicate, and the preparation concentration is 0.01-0.2mol/L, preferably 0.05mol/L.

The temperature and the conditions of the evaporated water are negative one atmosphere and reduced pressure distillation at 50-70 ℃.

The calcination temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the preferred calcination temperature is 600 ℃.

(2) Preparation of porous calcium silicate particles

The diameter of the carbon powder is 20 micrometers-300 nanometers, and the preferred diameter is 5 micrometers.

The carbon powder, the water, the polyvinyl alcohol and the superfine calcium silicate powder are mixed according to the mass ratio: 1:40-100:5-10:250-350, preferably in the ratio: 1:40:10:300.

the specific sintering mode of sintering at high temperature is as follows: firstly heating to 105 ℃, drying for 30 minutes, evaporating to remove water, then quickly heating to 700-900 ℃, maintaining for 30-60 minutes, and oxidizing to remove carbon powder; and then heating to 1300-1800 ℃ to finish sintering.

(3) Loaded ion exchange material

In the step a, the reaction conditions of triethylamine, acetonitrile and epichlorohydrin are as follows: the mass ratio of triethylamine to epichlorohydrin is 1:1.2-1.5; acetonitrile is used as a solvent, and the proportion of the acetonitrile to triethylamine is that 30ml of acetonitrile solvent is added to each 1mol of triethylamine. The reaction temperature is 40-55 ℃, the reaction time is 50-72 hours, the preferred reaction temperature is 45 ℃, and the reaction is 60 small tests.

In step b, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the sodium hydride is 1:0.8-1.2, preferably in a ratio of 1:1.1, 1000ml of solvent is used for 0.1mol of polyvinyl alcohol in dimethyl sulfoxide solution.

In the step b, the reaction with the quaternary ammonium salt in the step a is carried out for 10 to 15 hours at a temperature of between 35 and 45 ℃, preferably at a temperature of 40 ℃ for 15 hours.

In the step b, the post-treatment mode after the reaction quenching is as follows: filtering the calcium silicate pellets, quickly draining, adding 95% ethanol solution at minus 10-15 ℃ for soaking, slightly shaking until no obvious white particles fall off from the pellets, taking out again, and washing with clear water.

In the step c, the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.05-0.1mol/L, and the soaking time is 1-5 minutes.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The self-made calcium silicate has a plurality of pores and a large specific surface area, can effectively adsorb amines and ammonia released in the composting process, solves the problem of rapid increase of PH in the early period of high-excrement-proportion composting, and reduces the loss of nitrogen elements in the composting.

(2) The porous calcium silicate prepared by the invention creatively uses carbon powder as a filler, relatively large pores are left after the carbon powder is burned and oxidized, and the porous calcium silicate is used for loading materials with ion exchange functions, thereby solving the defect that the common adsorption materials can not carry ion exchange materials.

(3) The low molecular weight ion exchange material prepared by the invention adopts triethylamine with weak alkalinity as a quaternary ammonium salt carrier, and compared with the traditional 717 resin (active group quaternary ammonium group [ -N (CH 3) 3OH ]), triethylamine [ -N (HCH 2CH 3) 3OH ]) for adsorbing chloride ions, the activated group is not easy to form, so that the ion exchange material is prevented from being too strong in alkalinity.

(4) The invention adopts a cold ethanol soaking mode to show a post-treatment mode of the loaded ion exchange material, can effectively load the ion exchange material in the particle pores, and further reduces the influence of the ion exchange material on the earthworms.

(5) All materials used in the invention are not only nontoxic but also recyclable, and in addition, calcium silicate is a good calcium supplement and can be used as a natural soil biological calcium supplement if not recycled.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of the product obtained in example 2.

FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of the product obtained in example 4.

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the control effect of the present invention on the release of composting amines during use.

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the control of chloride ions according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further described by the following examples, and the following technical schemes do not particularly indicate the reaction conditions, are all the operation conditions conventional in the technical means in the industry, do not particularly indicate the mode of obtaining the raw materials, and are all the raw materials conventionally purchased in the market.

Example 1 preparation of ultrafine calcium silicate powder.

Accurately weighing 16.4g of calcium nitrate powder solid, preparing a saturated solution by using deionized water, then weighing 20.8g of ethyl silicate, slowly adding the ethyl silicate into 2L of absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a solution of 0.05mol/L, then slowly dropwise adding the saturated solution of calcium nitrate into the ethyl silicate solution, mixing and stirring the mixture to form a gel, and standing the gel for 24 hours. After the reaction is finished, distilling the reaction solution at 60 ℃ under reduced pressure to obtain a small part of the remaining solution, filtering, washing with water, drying, and sintering at 600 ℃ to obtain the superfine calcium silicate powder.

Example 2, preparation of porous calcium silicate particles.

Weighing 40g of water and 10g of polyvinyl alcohol accurately, adding the polyvinyl alcohol into water, heating and grinding until the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved as much as possible, then weighing 1g of carbon powder and 300g of the calcium silicate powder prepared in the embodiment 1, fully grinding and mixing, pressing a paste mixture into small balls with the diameter of 3mm by using a mold, drying in the shade, placing in a muffle furnace, firstly heating to 105 ℃, keeping for more than 30 minutes, drying part of water, then heating to 700 ℃, oxidizing the carbon powder at high temperature, properly sampling midway, sampling, cooling the particles, grinding, taking a sample without black carbon powder under a microscope to show that the carbon powder is oxidized completely, then heating to 1500 ℃, and sintering for 2 hours to obtain the porous calcium silicate small balls with huge surface area, wherein an electron microscope picture is shown in figure 1.

Example 3, an ion exchange material was supported.

Firstly, mixing triethylamine, anhydrous acetonitrile and epichlorohydrin according to the proportion of 1g, 3mL and 1.1g, stirring for 20 minutes at normal temperature, heating to 45 ℃, reacting for 60 hours, stopping the reaction after a large amount of white quaternary ammonium salt solid is produced, carrying out suction filtration, and cleaning the product with petroleum ether. Then, 1g of polyvinyl alcohol was added to 100mL of anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide, and after dissolving by slight heating with stirring, 50g of the calcium silicate pellets obtained in example 2 was added thereto, followed by addition of 0.3g of sodium hydride, and further stirring, followed by addition of 0.3g of the quaternary ammonium salt obtained in the above step, and after reacting at 40 ℃ for 15 hours, the reaction was quenched by addition of a small amount of water. After the reaction quenching is finished, filtering the calcium silicate pellets, quickly draining the redundant solvent, adding 95% ethanol solution at minus 10-15 ℃ for soaking, slightly shaking until no obvious white particles fall off from the pellets, fishing out again, and washing with clear water.

Example 4, particle activation.

And (3) placing the product obtained in the example 3 in 0.05mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for rapidly soaking for 3 minutes, then washing with water to be neutral, drying in hot air at 105 ℃, and completing dehydration to obtain the activated product with the exchange of chloride ions, wherein the electron microscope structure of the product is shown in figure 2.

Example 5, the method for verifying the adsorption effect of the present invention on amine and ammonia.

Taking 100g of animal excrement with the water content of less than 60% and 15g of straws, crushing, evenly dividing into 3 parts, removing a blank group, adding the products obtained in the

embodiments

2 and 4 into the other two groups, stirring and mixing, then planting earthworms and compacting. In each of the 3 groups, a cup of 2% boric acid solution was placed on the compacted surface, covered with a preservative film in a closed box, and then sampled every day, and titrated with sulfuric acid to confirm the total amount of ammonia released. The comparison is shown in FIG. 3, wherein a is blank, b is sample with example 2, and c is sample with example 4. It can be clearly found that the invention has higher capability on the adsorption of ammonia, can inhibit the release of a large amount of early ammonia, prevent the rapid increase of PH and poison earthworms, and in addition, the embodiment 4 adds the chloride ion exchange material, although part of the gaps are blocked, the influence on the adsorption effect of the ammonia is little.

Example 6, chloride ion inhibition of the present invention.

500g of fresh rice is taken and divided into 2 groups, wherein 1g of edible salt is added into one group and evenly mixed. Two empty culture dishes are taken, salt-free white rice with the thickness of 1cm is paved on the bottom layer of each empty culture dish, one part of the salt-free white rice is paved on the product prepared in the embodiment 4, then a layer of salt-containing white rice is paved on the other part of the salt-containing white rice, a control group is directly paved on the salt-containing white rice, the two groups of samples are sealed and placed at 50 ℃ to accelerate the diffusion of chloride ions, the content of the chloride ions is measured by taking the rice on the bottom layer of the empty culture dishes for one continuous week, the detected content of the chloride ions is shown in figure 4, in the figure, a is the control group, and b is the product experimental group containing the salt-free white rice. It can be clearly seen that example 4 has a significant barrier effect against chloride ions penetrating from above.

Example 7, method of use and recovery of the invention.

The invention has two using methods according to the composition of the compost: (1) When the compost contains more animal wastes and a small amount of kitchen wastes, the animal wastes, the straws and the kitchen wastes can be crushed and mixed, and then added into the compost according to the proportion of 1 percent of the weight of the compost, and the compost is mixed and stirred, so that particles are uniformly dispersed in the compost, and then earthworms are implanted. (2) When the compost uses more kitchen waste or the salt content of the compost is not clear, a part of straws can be smashed in advance and planted into earthworms, and then the product prepared by the embodiment 4 is laid on the straws and then the kitchen waste compost is put on. And after the composting is finished, sieving the compost by using a 3.5mm mesh sieve, and then sieving the compost by using a 2.5mm mesh sieve to obtain the product. The adsorbed amine and ammonia of the product can partially enter the ground under the action of microorganisms, a small amount of residual amine and ammonia can intensively solarize the product and treat tail gas, residual amine and ammonia gas can be intensively removed, environmental pollution is reduced, and reactivation and reuse can be realized by using alkaline water bubbles.

The above embodiments are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and it should be understood that those skilled in the art may obtain other equivalent alternatives without creative efforts, and all shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compost regulation particle for earthworm cultivation is prepared by the following steps:

step 1, preparing superfine calcium silicate powder:

preparing high-purity soluble calcium salt powder, preparing saturated solution by using water, then preparing silicate solution with a certain concentration, slowly mixing the two solutions, standing for a period of time after the two solutions form gel, evaporating water at a proper temperature, and calcining at a certain temperature to obtain superfine calcium silicate powder;

step 2, preparation of porous calcium silicate particles:

preparing carbon powder, water, polyvinyl alcohol and calcium silicate powder obtained in the previous step, mixing the materials according to a certain proportion, pressing the mixture into small balls with the diameter of 3mm by using a mould, drying the small balls in the shade, sintering the small balls at high temperature, and obtaining porous calcium silicate small balls with huge surface areas after the carbon powder is oxidized;

step 3, loading an ion exchange material:

step a: mixing triethylamine, acetonitrile and epoxy chloropropane, mixing and stirring for a certain time at normal temperature, heating and reacting for a period of time, stopping the reaction after a large amount of white quaternary ammonium salt solid is produced, performing suction filtration, and cleaning the product by using petroleum ether;

step b: adding polyvinyl alcohol into dimethyl sulfoxide, slightly heating, stirring and dissolving, adding the calcium silicate pellets obtained in the step (2), adding sodium hydride, continuously stirring, adding the quaternary ammonium salt obtained in the step a, reacting for a proper time at a certain temperature, quenching the reaction, and performing post-treatment;

step c: and c, placing the product obtained in the step b into a sodium hydroxide solution for quick soaking, then washing the product to be neutral by using water, drying the product in hot air at 105 ℃, and finishing dehydration to obtain a final product.

2. The compost control granule for earthworm cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the ultrafine calcium silicate powder in step 1, the high-purity soluble calcium salt is calcium nitrate or calcium bicarbonate, and the silicate solution is prepared by the following steps: the solute is methyl silicate, ethyl silicate and propyl silicate, the preparation concentration is 0.01-0.2mol/L, the temperature and the condition of evaporating moisture are negative atmospheric pressure and reduced pressure distillation at 50-70 ℃, the calcination temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the preferred calcination temperature is 600 ℃.

3. A compost regulating particle for earthworm cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the porous calcium silicate particle in step 2, the diameter of carbon powder is 20-300 nm, preferably 5 μm, and the carbon powder, water, polyvinyl alcohol and ultrafine calcium silicate powder are mixed in the following ratio by mass: 1:40-100:5-10:250-350, wherein the specific sintering mode at high temperature is as follows: firstly heating to 105 ℃, drying for 30 minutes, evaporating to remove water, then quickly heating to 700-900 ℃, maintaining for 30-60 minutes, and oxidizing to remove carbon powder; and then heating to 1300-1800 ℃ to finish sintering.

4. A compost regulating particle for earthworm cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the reaction conditions of triethylamine, acetonitrile and epichlorohydrin in step a of the method for loading ion exchange material are as follows: the mass ratio of triethylamine to epichlorohydrin is 1:1.2-1.5; acetonitrile is used as a solvent, and the proportion of the acetonitrile to triethylamine is that 30ml of acetonitrile solvent is added into every 1mol of triethylamine; the reaction temperature is 40-55 ℃, and the reaction time is 50-72 hours.

5. A compost conditioning particle for earthworm cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the ratio of the amount of said polyvinyl alcohol to the amount of said sodium hydride in step b of said method for loading ion exchange material is 1:0.8-1.2, and 1000ml of solvent is used for 0.1mol of polyvinyl alcohol in the dimethyl sulfoxide solution.

6. The compost regulating particle for earthworm cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3 of loading ion exchange material, the reaction condition with the quaternary ammonium salt in the step a in the step b is 35-45 ℃ for 10-15 hours.

7. A compost regulating granule for earthworm cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the method for loading ion exchange material, step b, the post-treatment after reaction quenching is: filtering the calcium silicate pellets, quickly draining, adding 95% ethanol solution at-10-15 ℃ for soaking, slightly shaking until no obvious white particles fall off from the pellets, taking out again, and washing with clear water.

8. A compost conditioning particle for earthworm cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the method for loading ion exchange material, step c, the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.05-0.1mol/L, and the soaking time is 1-5 minutes.