CN115918518A - Breeding and cultivating method for sweet waxy corn hybrid - Google Patents
Breeding and cultivating method for sweet waxy corn hybrid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of a sweet waxy corn hybrid. Belongs to the technical field of corn seed breeding. The method takes the excellent waxy corn inbred line N310 which is subjected to continuous years of multi-generation inbreeding, screening and identification breeding and has strong combining ability and is homozygous as the female parent, takes the excellent sweet and waxy double-hidden corn inbred line TN274 as the male parent, carries out breeding of new species, selects a breeding place with good terrain in the process of breeding the species, carries out isolation in space and time to ensure the purity of seeds, carries out fine management of fertilizers and fields and pest control work, and breeds the sweet and waxy corn species which has strong combining ability, short growth period, high yield, excellent quality, good tenderness, high sugar content and moderate plant height, and makes up the vacancy of the excellent sweet and waxy corn species. The invention also provides a cultivation method of the sweet waxy corn hybrid, and the sweet waxy corn obtained by the cultivation method has high yield and good commodity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corn seed breeding, in particular to a sweet waxy corn breeding and cultivation method.
Background
The fresh corn has comprehensive nutrition, is sweet and palatable, is suitable for the old and the young, and is deeply loved by people. In recent years, with the continuous and deep structural reform of the supply side, the fresh corn industry in China is rapidly and reasonably developed, the planting area is enlarged year by year, and the method plays an extremely important role in optimizing the planting structure, improving the diet of citizens and helping farmers become rich.
Along with the improvement of the living standard and health care consciousness of people, consumers have higher requirements on the appearance color, taste, mouthfeel and internal quality of fresh corn, particularly, the sweet waxy corn is more and more popular, the cultivation area is enlarged year by year, but the sweet waxy corn variety with high yield, good appearance quality, good tenderness and high sugar content is relatively lacked.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a sweet waxy corn variety with high yield, good appearance quality, good tenderness and high sugar content.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a breeding and cultivation method of a sweet waxy corn hybrid, and the sweet waxy corn variety obtained by breeding and cultivation has high yield, good appearance, good tenderness and high sugar content.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding a sweet waxy corn hybrid, which comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a waxy corn inbred line W301 as a female parent and a Jingke waxy 2000 as a male parent, performing hybrid pollination, harvesting seeds, performing large-population planting, selecting excellent single plants for inbreeding and test crossing, selecting the single plants with strong combining ability for inbreeding until the single plants are homozygous to obtain a waxy corn homozygous inbred line N310 for later use;
2) Selecting a waxy corn inbred line N272 as a female parent and a super-sweet corn inbred line T24 as a male parent, carrying out hybrid pollination, selecting sweet corn grains after harvesting seeds, carrying out large-population planting, selecting excellent single plants for inbreeding for 4 generations, carrying out test cross on the pure waxy inbred line in the third inbred generation, finding out the excellent sweet and waxy double-recessive single plants through the test cross, carrying out inbreeding until the excellent sweet and waxy double-recessive single plants are homozygous, carrying out extensive test cross again, carrying out inbreeding continuously, identifying the test cross combination, and selecting the best to obtain a sweet and waxy double-recessive corn inbred line TN274 for later use;
3) Seed production land selection: the soil fertility is good, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the terrain is flat, the continuous field is used as the seed production field, the interval between the seed production field and other corns is more than or equal to 500 meters, or the time difference between the seed production area and other corns is 25-30 days;
4) Land preparation: ploughing to make land, spreading base fertilizer, harrowing, leveling and ridging, wherein the width of the ridge is 1.3-1.4 m, and digging a middle waist ditch, a field surrounding ditch and an outer field drainage ditch;
5) Planting the male parent and the female parent: taking the waxy corn inbred line N310 obtained in the step 1) as a female parent, taking the sweet and waxy double-implicit corn inbred line TN274 obtained in the step 2) as a male parent, sowing in the middle ten days of 3 months or the last ten days of 8 months, sowing the male parent in two periods, sowing the male parent in the first period for 1 day after sowing the female parent, and sowing the male parent in the second period for 3 days after sowing in the first period; the row ratio of parents is 1;
6) Fertilization management: when the seedlings grow to have two leaves and one core, 500-750kg of 20% decomposed manure water and 3-4kg of urea are applied to each mu of the seedlings in a spraying mode, 4-5kg of urea is added into water to be applied to the seedlings in a spraying mode every 6-7 days, and the application is continuously carried out for 2-3 times; fertilizing a spike-pregnant fertilizer in a large trumpet mouth period, and carrying out large ridging;
7) And (3) impurity removal and castration management: removing the mixed plants, weak plants and suspicious plants before the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the pollen scattering stage. Castration is achieved as follows: removing male as early as possible by pulling out 1-2 pieces of heart leaves together with the method of groping and removing male; removing the tassel of the female parent; and removing residual branches and stalks. Two clear and one prevention are achieved: removing the pulled tassels; cleaning weak and small parent plants; prevent pollen pollution. Only one bud is left at the top end of each plant, and the rest are peeled off;
8) And (3) pest control: selecting 20% of 600 times of Longgu bacteria and 20% of 600 times of leaf withering solution for treating stem rot and large and small leaf spot, and alternately using the solutions at the initial stage of disease attack and the large flare stage; when the seedlings grow to 11-12 leaves, 300 times of solution of 5% validamycin is applied to prevent and control sheath blight;
pest control: when soil preparation and hole opening are carried out, 50% of phoxim is applied, after emergence of seedlings, 50% of acephate and insecticide are applied to the periphery of the plants in a double-spraying mode, and underground pests are prevented and treated; the Lesbane is applied to prevent and control the corn borers; adopting aphid of the aphid to control aphid;
9) Harvesting: after pollination of the female parent, the surface of the bract is dry and 50% of grains are sunk in the whole ear, and harvesting and airing are carried out to obtain the sweet waxy corn hybrid.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step 4) consists of an organic fertilizer fully decomposed by pig manure and/or chicken manure, a compound fertilizer and urea; the application amount is 500-1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 30-40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and 10-15 kg/mu of urea.
Preferably, the pregnant spike fertilizer in the step 6) is urea and compound fertilizer; the application amount is 10-15 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the phoxim application rates and modes of step 8) are: when the soil moisture content is low, 400 ml of 50% phoxim is used per mu, 400kg of water is added to the land, and when the soil moisture content is high, 400 ml of 50% phoxim is added to 75kg of water, the land is sprayed;
the application amount and the application mode of the acephate and the dimehypo are as follows: 50g of 50 percent of acephate and 20g of 30 percent of dimehypo are sprayed around plants.
Preferably, the application amount and manner of step 8) lesben is: spraying 50kg of 48% Lespedez 50g of water at a large flare during the large flare period, or spraying the water at the base of the filament at the top end of the corn bract after pollination is finished;
the application amount and the mode of the aphid pediculifer are as follows: 20g of aphid, which is mixed with 50kg of water, is sprayed.
The invention also aims to provide a cultivation method of the sweet waxy corn hybrid, which comprises the following steps:
1) Isolated planting, timely sowing: the space interval is more than or equal to 400 meters, and the time-isolated flowering phase difference is more than 20 days; sowing in spring from 3 middle of month to 4 last of month, and sowing in autumn from 8 last of month and middle of month;
2) Reasonable density, scientific fertilization: 3000-3300 plants per mu; applying enough base fertilizer, applying seedling fertilizer early, and applying pulling-out and saving fertilizer and tapping fertilizer heavily;
3) Strengthening management, removing tillers and ears: thinning when the plant grows to 3-4 leaves, fixing the seedling when the plant grows to 5-6 leaves, only leaving 1 strong seedling in each hole, only keeping the corn bract at the top edge of each plant, and removing all the other ears;
4) Preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and harvesting in due time: the prevention and treatment work of the large leaf spot, the small leaf spot, the soil insects and the corn borers is well done; 21-23 days after pollination, the filaments are dry and become black brown, the top of the ears are full and glossy, and the harvesting time of the corn can be properly prolonged to 25-27 days after pollination because of low temperature in autumn sowing.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The breeding method of the invention uses the homozygous excellent waxy corn inbred line N310 with strong combining ability, which is continuously inbred, screened and identified for many years, as a female parent, uses the excellent sweet and waxy double-hidden corn inbred line TN274 as a male parent, carries out breeding of new varieties, selects breeding fields with good topography in the variety breeding process, carries out isolation in space and time to ensure the purity of seeds, carries out fertilizer, field fine management and pest control work, and ensures the sweet waxy corn inbred line of the new varieties to be bred by hybridization.
2) The inbred line of the sweet waxy corn bred by the invention has strong combining ability, short growth period, high yield, excellent quality, good tenderness, high sugar content and moderate plant height.
3) The sweet waxy corn cultivated by the cultivation method has large size, high yield and good marketability.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for breeding a sweet waxy corn hybrid, which comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a waxy corn inbred line W301 as a female parent and a Jingke waxy 2000 as a male parent, performing hybrid pollination, harvesting seeds, performing large-population planting, selecting excellent single plants for inbreeding and test crossing, selecting the single plants with strong combining ability for inbreeding until the single plants are homozygous to obtain a waxy corn homozygous inbred line N310 for later use;
2) Selecting a waxy corn inbred line N272 as a female parent and a super-sweet corn inbred line T24 as a male parent, carrying out hybrid pollination, selecting sweet corn grains after harvesting seeds, carrying out large-population planting, selecting excellent single plants for inbreeding for 4 generations, carrying out test cross on the pure waxy inbred line in the third inbred generation, finding out the excellent sweet and waxy double-recessive single plants through the test cross, carrying out inbreeding until the excellent sweet and waxy double-recessive single plants are homozygous, carrying out extensive test cross again, carrying out inbreeding continuously, identifying the test cross combination, and selecting the best to obtain a sweet and waxy double-recessive corn inbred line TN274 for later use;
3) Seed production land selection: the method has the advantages that the soil fertility is good, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the terrain is flat, the continuous field is used as the seed production field, the interval between the seed production field and other corns is more than or equal to 500 meters, or the flowering phase of the seed production area and other corns is different by 20 days;
4) Land preparation: ploughing and planting the land, spreading 500-1000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer of pig manure and chicken manure, 30kg of compound fertilizer and 10kg of urea per mu, raking, leveling and ridging, wherein the width of the ridging is 1.3 m, and digging a middle-field waist ditch, an annular field ditch and an outer-field drainage ditch;
5) Planting the male parent and the female parent: sowing the waxy corn inbred line N310 obtained in the step 1) as a female parent and the sweet and waxy double-implicit corn inbred line TN274 obtained in the step 2) as a male parent in the middle ten days of 3 months, sowing the male parent in two stages in order to ensure good pollination and fruit setting, sowing the male parent in the first stage 1 day after sowing the female parent, and sowing the male parent in the second stage 3 days after sowing the male parent in the first stage; the row ratio of parents is 1;
6) Fertilization management: when the seedlings grow to have two leaves and one core, 500kg of 20% rotten fecal water and about 3kg of urea are sprayed on each mu of seedlings, 4kg of urea is mixed with water and sprayed on every 6 days, and the urea is continuously applied for 2 times; 10kg of urea and 10kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu in the large flare period, and large hilling is carried out.
7) And (3) impurity removal and castration management: removing mixed plants, weak plants and suspicious plants before a seedling stage, a jointing stage and a powder scattering stage. Castration is achieved as follows: removing male part as early as possible, and removing 1-2 heart leaves together with the method of removing male part by touching; removing the tassels of the female parents; removing residual branches and stalks. Two aspects of clearing and one prevention are achieved: removing the pulled tassels; cleaning weak and small parent plants; preventing pollen pollution. Only one bud is left at the top end of each plant, and the rest are peeled off;
8) And (3) pest control: selecting 20% of 600 times of Longgu bacteria and 20% of 600 times of leaf withering solution for treating stem rot and large and small leaf spot, and alternately using the solutions at the initial stage of disease attack and the large flare stage; when the seedlings grow to 11-12 leaves, 300 times of solution of 5% validamycin is applied to prevent and control sheath blight;
pest control: when soil preparation and hole opening are carried out, 400 ml of 50% phoxim is used per mu in dry weather, 800kg of water is added for full-furrow application, 400 ml of 50% phoxim is used per mu in cloudy days, 75kg of water is added for full-furrow application, 50g of 50% acephate is used for insecticidal double-spraying around plants after seedling emergence, and underground pests are prevented and treated;
50kg of 48 percent Lespedez mixed with 50g of water is sprayed at a large bell mouth in a large bell mouth period or sprayed at the base of the filament at the top end of the corn bract after pollination is finished, so as to prevent and control the corn borers;
20g of aphid, namely 20 kg of aphid, mixed with 50kg of water and sprayed to prevent and control aphid;
9) Harvesting: after pollination of the female parent, the surface of the bract is dry and 50% of grains are sunk in the whole ear, and harvesting and airing are carried out to obtain the sweet waxy corn hybrid.
A cultivation method of sweet waxy corn hybrid seeds comprises the following steps:
1) Isolated planting, timely sowing: the space interval is more than or equal to 400 meters, and the time-isolated flowering phase difference is more than 20 days; spring sowing in late 3 months;
2) Reasonable density, scientific fertilization: 3000 plants per mu; applying enough base fertilizer, applying seedling fertilizer early, and applying pulling-out and saving fertilizer and tapping fertilizer heavily;
3) Strengthening management, removing tillers and ears: thinning when the plant grows to 3 leaves, fixing the seedling when the plant grows to 5 leaves, only keeping 1 strong seedling in each hole, only keeping one corn bud at the top edge of each plant, and removing all the other clusters;
4) Preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and harvesting in due time: the prevention and treatment work of the large leaf spot, the small leaf spot, the soil insects and the corn borers is well done; after pollination, 21 days, the filaments become dark brown, the top seeds of the ears are full and glossy, and the harvesting time of the corns can be properly prolonged to 25-27 days after pollination because of low temperature in autumn sowing.
Example 2
A method for breeding a sweet waxy corn hybrid, which comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a waxy corn inbred line W301 as a female parent and a Jingke waxy 2000 as a male parent, performing hybrid pollination, harvesting seeds, performing large-population planting, selecting excellent single plants for inbreeding and test crossing, selecting the single plants with strong combining ability for inbreeding until the single plants are homozygous to obtain a waxy corn homozygous inbred line N310 for later use;
2) Selecting a waxy corn self-bred line N272 as a female parent and a super-sweet corn self-bred line T24 as a male parent, carrying out hybrid pollination, selecting sweet corn grains after harvesting seeds, carrying out large-population planting, selecting a good single plant for selfing for 4 generations, selfing for the third generation, simultaneously carrying out test cross on the pure waxy self-bred line, finding a good sweet and waxy double-recessive single plant through test cross, selfing until the good sweet and waxy double-recessive single plant is homozygous, carrying out wide test cross again, carrying out selfing continuously, identifying test cross combination, and selecting the best to obtain a sweet and waxy double-recessive corn self-bred line TN274 for later use;
3) Seed production land selection: the method has the advantages that the soil fertility is good, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the terrain is flat, the continuous field is used as the seed production field, the interval between the seed production field and other corns is more than or equal to 500 meters, or the flowering phase of the seed production area and other corns is different by 20 days;
4) Land preparation: ploughing and planting the land, spreading 500-1000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer of pig manure and chicken manure, 40kg of compound fertilizer and 15kg of urea per mu, raking, leveling and ridging, wherein the width of the ridging is 1.4 m, and digging a middle-field waist ditch, an annular field ditch and an outer-field drainage ditch;
5) Planting the male parent and the female parent: taking the waxy corn inbred line N310 obtained in the step 1) as a female parent, taking the sweet and waxy double-recessive corn inbred line TN274 obtained in the step 2) as a male parent, and sowing in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein in order to ensure good pollination and fruit setting, the male parent is sowed in two periods, the male parent is sowed 1 day after the female parent is sowed in the first period, and the male parent is sowed 3 days after the male parent is sowed in the second period; the row ratio of parents is 1;
6) Fertilization management: when the seedlings grow to have two leaves and one core, 750kg of 20% decomposed fecal water and about 3kg of urea are sprayed on each mu, 5kg of urea is mixed with water and sprayed on every 7 days, and the urea is continuously applied for 3 times; 15kg of urea and 10kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu in the large-horn mouth period, and large hilling is carried out;
7) And (3) impurity removal and castration management: removing mixed plants, weak plants and suspicious plants before a seedling stage, a jointing stage and a powder scattering stage. Castration is achieved as follows: removing male as early as possible by pulling out 1-2 pieces of heart leaves together with the method of groping and removing male; removing the tassel of the female parent; and removing residual branches and stalks. Two aspects of clearing and one prevention are achieved: removing the pulled tassels; cleaning weak and small parent plants; preventing pollen pollution. Only one bud is left at the top end of each plant, and the rest are peeled off;
8) And (3) pest control: selecting 20% of 600 times of Longgu bacteria and 20% of 600 times of leaf withering solution for treating stem rot and large and small leaf spot, and alternately using the solutions at the initial stage of disease attack and the large flare stage; when the seedlings grow to 11-12 leaves, 300 times of solution of 5% validamycin is applied to prevent and control sheath blight;
pest control: when soil preparation and hole opening are carried out, 400 ml of 50% phoxim is used per mu in arid weather, 800kg of water is added to the phoxim, 400 ml of 50% phoxim is used per mu in cloudy day, 75kg of water is added to the phoxim, the phoxim is applied to the whole field, 50g of 50% acephate is added to the periphery of the insecticidal double-spraying plant after seedling emergence, and underground pests are prevented and treated;
50kg of 48 percent Lespedez mixed with 50g of water is sprayed at a large bell mouth in a large bell mouth period or sprayed at the base of the filament at the top end of the corn bract after pollination is finished, so as to prevent and control the corn borers;
spraying 20g of aphid of the plant hopper mixed with 50kg of water to prevent and control aphids;
9) Harvesting: after the female parent pollinates, the surface of the bract is dry, and when 50% of seeds are sunk in the whole ear, harvesting and airing are carried out, so as to obtain the sweet waxy corn hybrid.
A cultivation method of a sweet waxy corn hybrid comprises the following steps:
1) Isolated planting, timely sowing: the space interval is more than or equal to 400 meters, and the time-isolated flowering phase difference is more than 20 days; sowing in late 8 months in autumn;
2) Reasonable density, scientific fertilization: 3300 plants per mu; applying enough base fertilizer, applying seedling fertilizer early, and applying pulling-out and saving fertilizer and tapping fertilizer heavily;
3) Strengthening management, removing tillers and ears: thinning when the plant grows to 4 leaves, fixing the seedling when the plant grows to 6 leaves, only leaving 1 strong seedling in each hole, only keeping one corn bract at the top edge of each plant, and removing all the other ears;
4) Preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and harvesting in due time: the prevention and treatment work of the large leaf spot, the small leaf spot, the soil insects and the corn borers is well done; 23 days after pollination, the filaments become dark brown, the top seeds of the ears are full and glossy for harvesting, and the harvesting time of the corns can be properly prolonged to 25-27 days after pollination because of low temperature in autumn sowing.
Example 3
Performing a quality ratio test on a Wenzhou seed seedling scientific and technological garden, ruian, yongjia, oucha and Wenzhou crops in 2019-2020, selecting the sweet waxy corn variety selected in the embodiment 1 of the invention as a test variety, selecting Zhejiang waxy corn No. 5 as a reference variety, wherein the area of a cell is 15 square meters, repeating the test twice, performing field management according to the general production technical requirements, recording the yield and the main agronomic characters, and performing the field management according to the conventional survey requirements of the region test.
The agronomic character comparison of the quality ratio test in 2019 is shown in table 1, and the experimental results show that the sweet waxy corn variety bred in example 1 has an average growth period of 80.8 days at each point, is 5.8 days shorter than the control Zhejiang waxy corn No. 5, has a plant height of 182.9 cm, a panicle height of 45.6 cm, a panicle length of 20.6 cm, a panicle thickness of 5.5 cm, a bald tip length of 0.1 cm, a panicle row number of 16.0 rows, a row number of 37.4 grains and a single panicle weight of 368.8 g.
TABLE 12019-year quality ratio test agronomic trait comparison
The agronomic characters of the 2020 pin ratio test are compared and shown in table 2, and the experimental results show that: the growing period of each point of the sweet waxy corn variety bred in example 1 is averagely 86.8 days, is 0.8 days shorter than that of the control Zhejiang waxy corn No. 5, and has the plant height of 212.9 cm, the ear height of 65.6 cm, the ear length of 22.6 cm, the ear thickness of 5.2 cm, the bald tip length of 3.1 cm, the ear row number of 15.6 rows, the grain number of 38.6 grains and the single ear weight of 361 g.
TABLE 22020 year quality ratio test agronomic character comparison
TABLE 32019-2020 comprehensive results of agronomic trait comparison in two-year quality ratio test
By combining the results of the two-year quality comparison test in 2019-2020 (as shown in Table 3), the growing period of the sweet waxy corn variety selected in example 1 is 86.8 days, which is 0.9 days shorter than the control Zhe Yunuo No. 5'. The plant height is 214.6 cm, the ear position is 66.7 cm, the color is red, the ear length is 22.8 cm, the ear thickness is 5.4 cm, the bald tip length is 3.13 cm, the ear row number is 15.8 rows, the row grain number is 38.0 grains, and the weight of a single ear is 365.3 g.
TABLE 42019-2020 two-year pint test yield results (kg/mu)
The yield of the 2019-2020 two-year-old product ratio test is measured, and the results are shown in Table 4; the experimental results show that: in 2019, a quality comparison test is carried out in a Wenzhou seed seedling science and technology garden, ruian, youjia, ouHai and Wenzhi, the average yield of the sweet waxy corn variety bred in example 1 is 1222.9 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 15.4% compared with that of 'Zhejiang waxy corn No. 5'; in 2020, the average yield of the sweet waxy corn variety bred in example 1 is 1268.1 kg/mu by performing a quality comparison test on a Wenzhou seed seedling science and technology garden, ruian, yongjia, ouchai and Wenzhi, and the yield is increased by 20.3% compared with that of Zhejiang waxy corn No. 5'. The average yield in two years is 1245.5 kg/mu, which is increased by 17.8% compared with the 'Zhejiang glutinous No. 5' 1056.7 kg/mu.
Table 5: the sensory evaluation table of the sweet waxy corn variety and Zhejiang waxy corn No. 5 of the invention
The sweet waxy corn variety bred in example 1 has a comprehensive score of 88.3 points for sensory quality and cooking quality as shown in table 5, which is 3.3 points higher than the control Zhejiang waxy corn No. 5, and has good appearance quality, good tenderness and high sugar content.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A breeding method of sweet waxy corn hybrid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Selecting a waxy corn inbred line W301 as a female parent and a Jingke waxy 2000 as a male parent, performing hybrid pollination, harvesting seeds, performing large-population planting, selecting excellent single plants for inbreeding, and obtaining a waxy corn homozygous inbred line N310 for later use after the seeds are homozygous;
2) Selecting a waxy corn self-bred line N272 as a female parent and a super-sweet corn self-bred line T24 as a male parent, performing hybrid pollination, selecting sweet corn grains after harvesting seeds, performing large-population planting, selecting a good single plant for selfing for 4 generations, performing test cross on the pure waxy self-bred line in the third selfing generation, finding a good sweet and waxy double-recessive single plant through test cross, selfing until the good sweet and waxy double-recessive single plant is homozygous, performing extensive test and mating, continuing selfing, identifying test and mating combinations, and selecting a good sweet and waxy double-recessive corn self-bred line TN274 for later use;
3) Seed production land selection: the method has the advantages that the soil fertility is good, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the terrain is flat, the continuous field is used as the seed production field, the interval between the seed production field and other corn varieties is more than or equal to 500 meters, or the flowering phase of the seed production area and other corn is 25-30 days;
4) Land preparation: ploughing to make land, spreading base fertilizer, raking, leveling and ridging, wherein the width of the ridge is 1.3-1.4 m, and digging a middle waist ditch, a field-surrounding ditch and an outer drainage ditch;
5) Planting the male parent and the female parent: sowing seeds of the male parent in two stages in order to ensure good pollination and fruit setting by taking the waxy corn inbred line N310 obtained in the step 1) as the female parent and the sweet and waxy double-implicit corn inbred line TN274 obtained in the step 2) as the male parent in the middle ten days of 3 months or 8 months, sowing seeds of the male parent in the first stage 1 day after sowing seeds of the female parent in the first stage, and sowing seeds of the male parent in the second stage 3 days after sowing seeds in the first stage; the row ratio of the parents is 1;
6) Fertilization management: when the seedlings grow to have two leaves and one core, 500-750kg of 20% rotten fecal water and 3-4kg of urea are applied per mu in a spraying manner, 4-5kg of urea is added with water to be applied in a spraying manner every 6-7 days, and the urea is continuously applied for 2-3 times; fertilizing a spike-pregnant fertilizer in a large trumpet mouth period, and carrying out large ridging;
7) And (3) impurity removal and castration management: removing mixed plants, weak plants and suspicious plants before a seedling stage, a jointing stage and a powder scattering stage. Castration is achieved as follows: removing male as early as possible by pulling out 1-2 pieces of heart leaves together with the method of groping and removing male; removing the tassels of the female parents; removing residual branches and stalks. Two clear and one prevention are achieved: removing the pulled tassels; cleaning weak and small parent plants; preventing pollen pollution. Only one bud is left at the top end of each plant, and the rest are peeled off;
8) And (3) pest control: for preventing and treating stem rot and large and small leaf spot, 20% of 600 times of Longgu bacteria and 20% of 600 times of leaf withering solution are alternately used at the initial stage of disease attack and the large bell mouth stage; when the seedlings grow to 11-12 leaves, 300 times of solution of 5% validamycin is applied to prevent and control sheath blight;
pest control: when soil preparation and hole opening are carried out, 50% of phoxim is applied, after emergence of seedlings, 50% of acephate and insecticide are sprayed around the plants for preventing and controlling soil insects; the Lesbane is applied to prevent and control the corn borers; adopting aphid of the aphid to control aphid;
9) Harvesting: after the female parent pollinates, the surface of the bract is dry, and when 50% of seeds are sunk in the whole ear, harvesting and airing are carried out, so as to obtain the sweet waxy corn hybrid.
2. The method for breeding the hybrid seeds of sweet waxy corn according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in step 4) consists of organic fertilizer fully decomposed by pig manure and/or chicken manure, compound fertilizer and urea; the application amount is 500-1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion is 30-40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer of 15.
3. The method for breeding the hybrid of the sweet waxy corn according to the claim 1, wherein the step 6) the pregnant spike fertilizer is urea and compound fertilizer; the application amount is 10-15 kg/mu of urea, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion is 15.
4. The method for breeding the hybrid sweet waxy corn seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phoxim is applied in the following manner in step 8): when the soil moisture content is low, 400 ml of 50% phoxim is used per mu, 400kg of water is added to the land, and when the soil moisture content is high, 400 ml of 50% phoxim is added to 75kg of water, the land is sprayed;
the application amount and the mode of the acephate and the dimehypo are as follows: 50g of 50 percent of acephate and 20g of 30 percent of dimehypo are sprayed around plants.
5. The method for breeding the hybrid of the sweet waxy corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount and mode of the muslin in the step 8) are as follows: 50g of 48 percent Lesiben is taken and mixed with 50kg of water and sprayed at a large flare opening during the large flare opening period, or sprayed at the base of the filament at the top end of the corn bract after pollination is finished;
the application amount and the mode of the aphid pediculifer are as follows: 20g of aphid, which is mixed with 50kg of water, is sprayed.
6. The cultivation method of the sweet waxy corn hybrid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Isolated planting, timely sowing: the space interval is more than or equal to 400 meters, and the time-isolated flowering phase difference is more than 20 days; sowing in spring from 3 middle of month to 4 last of month, and sowing in autumn from 8 last of month and middle of month;
2) Reasonable density, scientific fertilization: 3000-3300 plants per mu; applying enough base fertilizer, applying seedling fertilizer early, and applying pulling-out and saving fertilizer and tapping fertilizer heavily;
3) Strengthening management, removing tillers and ears: thinning when the plant grows to 3-4 leaves, fixing the seedling when the plant grows to 5-6 leaves, only leaving 1 strong seedling in each hole, only keeping the corn bract at the top edge of each plant, and removing all the other ears;
4) Preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and harvesting at proper time: the prevention and treatment work of big and small leaf spot, underground pests and corn borers is well done; 21-23 days after pollination, the filaments are dry and become black brown, the top of the ears are full and glossy, and the harvesting time of the corn can be properly prolonged to 25-27 days after pollination because of low temperature in autumn sowing.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116686697A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-09-05 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Method for improving fresh waxy corn into fresh sweet waxy corn |
| CN117178687A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-12-08 | 云南省烟草公司红河州公司 | High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for sweet corn |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105028182A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-11-11 | 浙江省东阳玉米研究所 | Seed preparation method for waxy maize hybrids of Zhenuoyu 7 |
| CN114521487A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-24 | 北京市农林科学院 | Sweet waxy type fresh corn variety breeding method |
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- 2022-11-25 CN CN202211493968.3A patent/CN115918518A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105028182A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-11-11 | 浙江省东阳玉米研究所 | Seed preparation method for waxy maize hybrids of Zhenuoyu 7 |
| CN114521487A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-24 | 北京市农林科学院 | Sweet waxy type fresh corn variety breeding method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116686697A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-09-05 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Method for improving fresh waxy corn into fresh sweet waxy corn |
| CN117178687A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-12-08 | 云南省烟草公司红河州公司 | High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for sweet corn |
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